IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR AGRONOMIC CROPS AND STUDY OF THEIR LOCAL NAME, ENGLISH NAME, BOTANICAL NAME AND FAMILY

Mirza Hasanuzzaman, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Agronomy, SAU

Crop: A group of plant which are grown or harvested for obtaining yield, and has economic value, e.g. rice, wheat, chickpea, mustard, jute etc. Classification of agronomic crops According to use of crop plants and their products agronomic crops are grouped into the following classes:

b) Pulse crops

These are leguminous crops that seeds are used as 'dal' on splitting and rich in protein. They are belongs to Fabaceae family. e.g. lentil, grass pea, mung bean (green gram), black gram, cowpea, soybean etc. (c) Oil seed crops

Crops that seeds are reach in fatty acids, are used to extract vegetable oil to meet various requirements are known as oil seeds crops. e.g. rapeseed, mustard, sesame, safflower, sunflower, groundnut, linseed, soybean etc.

(e) Fodder crops

It refers to vegetative matter, fresh or preserved, utilized as feed for animals such as cow pea, maize, para grass, napier grass etc.

Typing mistakes are excusable

(f) Green manuring crops The crops which are grown for incorporating plant materials in soil at green stage for improving the soil, are known as green manuring crops. e.g. dhaincha, cowpea, sunnhemp, green gram etc. (g) Fuel crops These crops are used as fuel. e.g. dhaincha

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Crop plants grown for fibre yield. Fibre may be obtained from seed, such as cotton, stem or bark such as jute, kenaf, mesta, sunnhemp etc.

(d) Fibre crops

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Millet crops: Millet crops are the small grained cereals, which are the minor importance as food, and they have a single cover. e.g. fox tail millet, proso millet etc.

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Cereal crops are the cultivated grasses grown for their edible starch grains. In general, the larger grains used, as staple foods are cereals such as rice, wheat, maize, barley etc. They are belongs to Poaceae family.

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(a) Cereal crop

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(h) Sugar crops Crops grown for the production of sugar and starch, such as sugarcane, sugar beet etc. (i) Beverage crops Crops that products are used for mild, agreeable and stimulating liqueurs meant for drinking such as tea, coffee, cocoa etc. (j) Narcotic crops: Crop plants or their products that are used for stimulating effects are known as narcotic crops. e.g. tobacco, canabis etc. A. Cereal Crops: Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Common name Dhan Gom Bhutta Sorghum Kaon Cheena Jab Bajra Jai English name Rice Wheat Maize Sorghum Partial millet Proso millet Barley Pearl millet Oat Scientific name Oryza sativa Triticum aestivum Zea mays Sorghum vulgare Setaria italica Pennicum milliacum Hordeum vulgare Pennisetum americanum Avena sativa

B. Pulse Crops: Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Common name Masur Mug Khesari Chhola Maskali Matar Felon Arahar Jhar Sheem

C. Oil Yielding Crops: Sl. No. Common name Sarisha Til Surjamukhe Cheenababam Tishi Kusumful Garjan til Soybean Venna English name Rapeseed Mustard Sesame Sunflower Ground nut Linseed Safflower Niger Soybean Castor Scientific name Brassica campestris Brassica napus Brassica juncea Sesamum indicum Helianthus annuus Arachis hypogaea Linum usitatissimum Carthamus tinctorius Guizotia abyssinica Glycine max Ricinus communis Family Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Pedaliaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Linaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Euphorbiaceae

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

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English name Lentil Mung bean Grass pea Chick pea Black gram Field pea Cowpea Pigeon pea Bush bean

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Scientific name Lens culinaris Vigna radiata Lathyrus sativus Cicer arietinum Vigna mungo Pisum sativum Vigna unguiculata Cajanas cajan Phaseolus vulgaris

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Family Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae

Family Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae

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D. Fibre Crops: Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Common name Deshi pat Tosa pat Tula Kenaf Meshta San pat English name Jute Jute Cotton Kenaf Mesta Sunnhemp Scientific name Corchorus capsularis Corchorus olitorius Gossypium hirsutum Hibiscus cannabinus Hibiscaus sabdarifa Crotalaria juncea Family Tiliaceae Tiliaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Fabaceae

E. Fodder Crops: Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Common name Sorghum Bajra Bhutta Jai Napier ghash Para ghash Felon English name Sorghum Pearl millet Maize Oat Napier grass Para grass Cowpea Scientific name Sorghum vulgare Pennisetum typhoides Zea mays Avena sativa Pennisetum americanum Panicum purpurascens Vigna unguiculata Family Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Fabaceae

F. Green Manuring Crops Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. Common name Dhaincha Sanpat Felon English name Dhaincha Sunhemp Cowpea

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H. Sugar Crops: Sl. No. 1. 2.

I. Beverage Crops Sl. No. 1. 2. 3.

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Common name Cha Coffee Coco

Common name Akh Beet

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G. Fuel Crops Sl. No. Common name 1. Dhaincha

English name Dhaincha

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Scientific name Sesbania aculeata Crotalaria juncea Vigna unguiculata

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Scientific name Sesbania aculeata

English name Sugarcane Sugar beet

Scientific name Saccharum officinarum Beta vulgaris

English name Tea Coffee Cocoa

Scientific name Camellia sinensis Coffea arabica Theobroma cacao

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J. Narcotic Crops Sl. No. 1. 2. Common name Tamak Ganja English name Tobacco Canabis Scientific name Nicotiana tabacum Cannabis sativa Family Solanaceae
Cannabinaceae

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Family Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae

Family Fabaceae

Family Poaceae Chenopodiaceae

Family Theaceae Rubiaceae Sterculiaceae

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Some special purpose of agronomic crops: (i) Catch crops or emergency or contingent crops: These crops are cultivated to catch the forthcoming season. They replace a main crop that has failed due to biotic or climatic or management hazards and utilize the remaining period of the season. They are generally of very short duration, quick growing, fast bulking, harvestable or useable at any time of their field duration and adaptable to the season. soil and cultural practices. e.g. green gram, black gram, cow pea etc. (ii) Cash crops: These crops plants are grown for sate to earn hand cash. e.g. jute, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane etc. (iii) Cover crops: These crops plants are able to protect the soil surface from erosion (Wind, water or both) through their ground covering foliage and root mats. e.g. black gram, ground nut, etc. (iv) Mulch crops: These crop plants are grown to conserve soil moisture form bare ground by their thick and multi layered foliage, trailing habit and sometimes self seeding nature. e.g. cow pea. (v) Restorative corps: These are crops which provide a good harvest along with enrichment or restoration or amelioration of their soil such as legumes. They fix atmospheric nitrogen in root nodules, shed their leaves during ripening and thus restore soil condition. (vi) Exhaustive crops: These are crop plats, which on growing leave the field exhausted because of a more aggressive nature. e.g. sesame, linseed etc.

Further Reading:

The New Oxford Bok of Food Plants By J.G. Vaughan & C.A. Geissler Oxford University Press

Typing mistakes are excusable

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Mirza Hasanuzzaman

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