Chapter 2:Forces and Motion
1. Diagram 9.1 represents a 50 cen coin and a leaf
falling in a vacuum container. The coin is heavier
than the leaf.
(a) Using Diagram 9.1 and the information given about
the weight of the two objects, compare the mass of
the coin and the leaf, the time taken to fall, the
positions of the coin and the leaf and finally, deduce
the physical quantity which causes the objects to fall.
[5 mark]s
(b) Diagram 9.2 shows a student trying to launch a water
rocket.
You are required to give some suggestions on how to
design a water rocket for a national competition. Using
the knowledge on forces, motion and properties of
materials, explain the suggestions based on the following
aspects:
(i) material used
(ii) shape of the rocket
(iii) angle of launching
(iv) volume of water in the rocket
(v) added structure for the motion of the rocket.
[10 marks]
(c) A stone which is released from a building falls down
in the air. During the fall, the stone experiences an
energy change.
(i) What is meant by energy? [1 mark]
(ii) Explain the energy changes in the stone. [4 marks]
2. (a) Spiderman find that when he jumped down from a
high building without bending his legs, a loud
sound is produced as shown in Diagram 9.1. But if
upon landing, he bends his legs, a soft sound is
produced as shown in Diagram 9.2.
(i) What is meant by momentum?
[1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and 9.2, compare
the time for change of momentum for
Spiderman. Relate the time for change
momentum and the force acting on the
Spiderman, deduce a relevant physics
concept. [5 marks]
(iii) Name the physics quantity that explain
the two situations above. [1 mark]
(b) In two separate boxing ring, a kick-boxer
from Thailand fights without wearing boxing
gloves whereas a boxer from Malaysia with a
pair boxing gloves. Explain who will cause
more injury to their opponent if both boxers
punch with the same force. [3 marls]
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a model of a school bus.
Explain the modification to the bus to help to
improve the safety the passengers and will be more
comfortable. Emphasise your explanation in the
following aspects:
(i) the shape of the bus body
(ii) safety features of the bus. [10 marks]
3. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a comparison
of two spring M and N. Both the spring are elastic
and made from the same wire and have the same
diameter. Each one of them is attached to a load of
equal weight.
(a) What is meant by elasticity of a material? [1
mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2;
1
(i) Compare the forces applied on the spring and the
extension of the springs. [3 marks]
(ii) Compare the spring constants of M and N. Hence
relate the spring constant to the natural length of the
spring. [2 marks]
(c) A spring produces an extension of 4 cm when a
stretching force of 1.2 N is applied to it. What is the
spring constant of the spring? [2 marks]
(d) Explain how the forces between the molecules cause
the elasticity. [4 marks]
(e) Diagram 9.3 shows a spring in the suspension system
of an ordinary motorcycle.
(i) What are the fuctions of the spring in the
suspension system?
(ii) Exlain the modification that needs to be done on
the spring to enable it to function as a racing
motorcycle. You should explain your suggestion, to
include following aspects:
- the characteristics of the material of the
spring
- the design of the spring
4. Diagram 9.1 and diagram 9.2 show two identical
trolleys moving up two inclined planes of different
angles and displacement.
(a) (i) What is meant by work done? [1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the
angle of incline and displacement of the trolleys.
Relating the angle of incline and the displacement,
deduce the work done by each trolley. [5 marks]
(b) Read the following statements and determine
whether work is done or not.
(i) A student pushes a stool along the floor [2 marks]
(ii) A pen falls from a table to the ground [2 marks]
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows two electric drills A and B with
different efficiencies.

(i) Which drill is more efficient?. Give your reasons.
[4 marks]
(ii) Suggest modifications that need to be done to
increase the efficiency of the inefficient drill.
[6 marks]
5. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show the distance
traveled by two trolleys of the same mass when pushed
with forces of magnitude F and 2F respectively. Both
trolley accelerate from rest for 2 s.
(a) (i) What is meant by acceleration? [1 mark]
(ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2,
compare the time of travel for the trolleys, force
applied on the trolleys and the distance traveled by
the trolleys. Relate the magnitude of force with the
distance traveled to deduce the acceleration of the
trolleys.
(b) The trolley in Diagram 9.1 is then changed with a
trolley of bigger mass. Explain how is the
acceleration of the trolley related to its mass.
(c) It is important for a driver to increase the time interval
of collision.
(i) Using an appropriate physics concept, explain why
there is a need to increase the time interval of
collision. [2 marks]
(ii) Suggest the modification that need to be done on a
car to make it safe for drive. [8 marks]
6. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a child and an adult
each sit on similar swings.
(a)(i) Explain what is meant by inertia [1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the
difficulties to move and stop them. Relating the
mass of the child and the adult to the difficulties to
move and stop them. Deduce a relevant physics
concept.
[5 marks]
(b) Diagram 9.3 shows an archer pulling an arrow on
a bow and is ready to release the arrow from the bow
so that the arrow will hit the bullseye of the target.
For this purpose, he pointed the arrow a little bit
above the horizontal line while aiming at the target.
(i) What energy changes take place when
he releases the arrow?
(ii) Explain why the archer does not aim
directly at the bulleye of the target. [4
marks]
(c) When a car is involved in an accident and
brought to a stop abruptly, the inertia of the
driver causes him to be hurled forward suddenly
towards the steering wheel.
(i) What is the modification on the car that can
safe the driver life?
(ii) Explain how does the modification in c(i)
operate.
(iii) Name three examples of impulsive force.
[10 marks]
7. Diagram 10.1 shows two identical spherical
plasticine balls released from the same height.
Diagram 10.2 shows the state of the balls when they
hit the brick and the rubber. It was observed that the
plasticine stopped more quickly when it hits the
brick.
(a)(i) What is meant by potential energy? [1 mark]
(ii) Observe Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2,
compare the shape of the plasticine balls, the
surface of the rick and the rubber, before and
2
after the balls hit the surfaces. Based on the
shapes of the plastine balls and the surfaces,
deduce a physical concept which is involved in
this phenomenon. [5 marks]
(b) Explain the changes in energy that occur from
the moment the plasticine ball is released until
it reaches the position shown in Diagram 10.2
[4 marks]
(c) Name three safety features in a vehicle and explain
how it helps to reduce the fatal effect when the
vehicle is involved in a collision. [10 marks]
8. Diagram 8.1 shows a balloon being released from a
grip. Diagram 8.2 shows a cuttlefish moving forward
by released a big volume of black ink backwards.
Diagram 8.1 Diagram 8.2
(a) (i) What is meant by force ? [1mark]
(ii) Using diagram 8.1 and 8.2 compare the direction
of motion of the balloon and the cuttlefish. Relate
the direction of motion to deduce a relevant
physics concept. [5 mark]
(b)Using suitable examples, explain the ways utilize
impulse force. [4 mark]
(c) Figure .3 shows a car speeding on a road and Figure
9.4 shows the car crashed on an object. Due to lack of
safety features, the driver sustained serious injury.
Figure 8.3 Figure 8.4
The following are few facts concerning the car.
(i) The car stopped too suddenly upon hitting
the object.
(ii) The driver thrown out of the car, breaking
the glass of the windscreen.
(iii) Sharp pieces of glass from the shattered
windscreen cut the head of the driver.
(iv) The accident occurred at night. The driver
did not see the object until it was very near.
Based on the above facts, suggest various features to be
added to the car to improve its safety standard and
explain how each feature can reduce injury of the driver.
[10 marks]