Project Gutenberg's The Boy Mechanic: Volume 1, by Popular Mechanics This eBook is for the use of anyone any

here at no cost an! ith almost no restrictions hatsoe"er# $ou may copy it, gi"e it a ay or re%use it un!er the terms of the Project Gutenberg &icense inclu!e! ith this eBook or online at #gutenberg#net Title: The Boy Mechanic: Volume 1 '(( Things )or Boys To *o +uthor: Popular Mechanics ,elease *ate: -une 1., /((0 12Book 31/4556 &anguage: 2nglish 7haracter set enco!ing: 89:%..5;%1 <<< 9T+,T :) T=89 P,:-27T G>T2?B2,G 2B::@ T=2 B:$ M27=+?87: V:&>M2 1 <<<

Pro!uce! by *on @ostuch

The Boy Mechanic Vol. 1 700 Things for Boys to Do 800 Illustrations Showing How

Jac Mansfiel! " #! Jan $8% 1&'8 (ugust 1&1) *ro+ Mother

TH# B,- M#.H(/I. V,01M# I

Transcri2er3s /otes4 This te5t accurately re6ro!uces the original 2oo e5ce6t for a!herence to 7ro8ect 9uten2urg gui!elines. #ach 6ro8ect title is followe! 2y its original 6age nu+2er to allow use of the al6ha2etical contents :in!e5; at the en! of the 2oo . The 2oo use! <ery co+6le5 ty6esetting to conser<e s6ace. This transcri6tion uses si+6le one=colu+n linear layout. The te5t only <ersion is of li+ite! use 2ecause of the wi!es6rea! occurrence of !iagra+s an! illustrations. 1se the 6!f <ersion for the co+6lete te5t. Many 6ro8ects are of conte+6orary interest>+agic% ites an! 2oo+erangs for e5a+6le. Try a ?@uerlA for starters. There are +any 6ro8ects of 6urely historical interest% such as che+ical 6hotogra6hy% 6honogra6hs% an! !e<ices for coal furnaces. (nother class of 6ro8ects illustrate the ca<iler attitu!e towar! en<iron+ent an! health in 1&1'. These 6ro8ects in<ol<e ite+s such as gun6ow!er% acetylene% hy!rogen% lea!% +ercury% sulfuric aci!% nitric aci!% ca!+iu+% 6otassiu+ sulfate% 6otassiu+ cyani!e% 6otassiu+ ferrocyani!e% co66er sulfate% an! hy!rochloric aci!. Se<eral in<ol<e the construction of haBar!ous electrical !e<ices. 7lease <iew these as sna6shots of culture an! attitu!e% not as suggestions for conte+6orary acti<ity. Be careful an! ha<e fun or si+6ly rea! an! en8oy a tri6 into yester!ay.

7osterCs /ote4 The 7D* for+at of this e=2oo was generate! fro+ the DT* 2y ,6en,ffice. (ny future re<isions nee!e! to the 7D* can 2e +a!e the sa+e way.

How to Ma e a 9li!er :See 6age 171;

BOY MECHANIC
VOLUME I

THE

700 THINGS FOR BOYS TO DO

HOW TO CONSTRUCT
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POPULAR MECHANICS CO.

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A Model Ste ! E"#$"e %&' The acco+6anying s etch illustrates a two=cylin!er single=acting% 6o66et <al<e stea+ engine of ho+e construction. The entire engine% e5ce6ting the flywheel% shaft% <al<e ca+s% 6istons an! 2racing ro!s connecting the u66er an! lower 6lates of the fra+e 6ro6er% is of 2rass% the other 6arts na+e! 2eing of cast iron an! 2ar steel. The cylin!ers% 9% are of sea+less 2rass tu2ing% 1=1G$ in. outsi!e !ia+eterH the 6istons% H% are or!inary 1=1G$ in. 6i6e ca6s turne! to a 6lug fit% an! groun! into the cylin!ers with oil an! e+ery. This o6eration also finishes the insi!e of the cylin!ers. The u6right ro!s 2in!ing the to6 an! 2otto+ 6lates are of steel ro! a2out 1G8=in. in !ia+eter% threa!e! into the to6 6late an! 6assing through holes in the 2otto+ 6late with he5agonal 2rass nuts 2eneath. The <al<es% .% an! their seats% B% 2ore! with a countersin 2it% are 6lainly shown. The <al<es were +a!e 2y threa!ing a co66er washer% 'G8 in. in !ia+eter% an! screwing it on the en! of the <al<e ro!% then wi6ing on roughly a ta6ere! +ass of sol!er an! grin!ing it into the seats B with e+ery an! oil. The <al<e ro!s o6erate in gui!es% D% +a!e of 1GI=in. 2rass tu2ing% which 6asses through the to6 6late an! into the hea<y 2rass 2ar containing the <al<e seats an! stea+ 6assages at the to6% into which they are 6lug=fitte! an! sol!ere!. The location an! arrange+ent of the <al<e seats an! stea+ 6assages are shown in the s etch% the flat 2ar containing the+ 2eing sol!ere! to the to6 6late. The stea+ chest% (% o<er the <al<e +echanis+ is constructe! of 1=in.

#ngine Details sJuare 2rass tu2ing% one si!e 2eing sawe! out an! the o6en en!s fitte! with 6ieces of 1G1) in. sheet 2rass an! sol!ere! in. The stea+ inlet is a gasoline 6i6e connection such as use! on auto+o2iles. The <al<e=o6erating ca+s% *% are +a!e of the +etal en!s of an ol! ty6ewriter 6laten% one 2eing finishe! to sha6e an! then fir+ly fastene! face to face to the other% an! use!

as a 6attern in filing the other to sha6e. (ttach+ent to the shaft% /% is 2y +eans of setscrews which 6ass through the slee<es. The +ain 2earings% M% on the su66orts% ,% an! the cran =en! 2earings of the connecting ro!s% F% are s6lit an! hel! in 6osition 2y +achine screws with 6ro<ision for ta ing the+ u6 when worn. The e5hausting of s6ent stea+ is acco+6lishe! 2y +eans of slots% I% sawe! into the fronts of the cylin!ers at a2out 1G8 in. a2o<e the lowest 6osition of the 6istonCs to6 at the en! of the stro e% at which 6osition of the 6iston the <al<e ro! !ro6s into the cutout 6ortion of the ca+ an! allows the <al<e to seat. . (ll the wor on this engine% sa<e turning the 6istons% which was !one in a +achine sho6 for a s+all su+% an! +a ing the flywheel% this 2eing ta en fro+ an ol! !is+antle! +o!el% was acco+6lishe! with a hac saw% 2ench !rill% car2orun!u+ wheel% files% ta6s an! !ies. The 2ase% @% is +a!e of a hea<y 6iece of 2rass. The action is s+ooth an! the s6ee! high. Stea+ is su66lie! 2y a sheet 2rass 2oiler of a2out ' 6t. ca6acity% heate! with a Bunsen 2urner. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Harry *. 0owe% Eashington% D. .. M #$( S)$*$t H "d %+' The +agic han! +a!e of wa5 is gi<en to the au!ience for e5a+ination% also a 2oar! which is sus6en!e! 2y four 6ieces of co++on 6icture=fra+e wire. The han! is 6lace! u6on the 2oar! an! answers% 2y ra66ing% any Juestion as e! 2y +e+2ers of the au!ience. The han! an! the 2oar! +ay 2e e5a+ine! at any ti+e an! yet the ra66ing can 2e continue!% though surroun!e! 2y the au!ience. The Magic Ean!% 0on!on% gi<es the secret of this s6irit han! as follows4 The han! is 6re6are! 2y concealing in the wrist a few soft iron 6lates% the wrist 2eing afterwar!s 2oun! with 2lac <el<et as shown in *ig. 1. The 2oar! is hollow% the to6 2eing +a!e of thin <eneer :*ig. $;. ( s+all +agnet% (% is connecte! to a s+all flat 6oc et la+6 2attery% B. The 2oar! is sus6en!e! 2y four lengths of 6icture=fra+e wire one of which% #% is

Ea5 Han! on Boar! an! #lectrical .onnections connecte! to the 2attery an! another% D% to the +agnet. The other wires% * an! 9% are only hol!ing wires. (ll the wires are fastene! = to a s+all orna+ental switch% H% which is fitte! with a connecting 6lug at the to6. The 6lug can 2e ta en out or 6ut in as !esire!. The to6 of the 2oar! +ust 2e +a!e to o6en or sli!e off so that when the 2attery is e5hauste! a new one can 2e installe!. #<erything +ust 2e fir+ly fi5e! to the 2oar! an! the hollow s6ace fille! in with wa5% which will +a e the 2oar! soun! soli! when ta66e!. In 6resenting the tric % the 6erfor+er gi<es the han! an! 2oar! with wires an! switch for e5a+ination% ee6ing the 6lug conceale! in his right han!. Ehen recei<ing the 2oar! 2ac % the 6lug is secretly 6ushe! into the switch% which is hel! in the right han!. The han! is then 6lace! on the 2oar! o<er the +agnet. Ehen the 6erfor+er wishes the han! to +o<e he 6ushes the 6lug in% which turns on the current an! causes the +agnet to attract the iron in the wrist% an! will% therefore% +a e the han! ra6. The switch can 2e +a!e si+ilar to an or!inary 6ush 2utton so the ra66ing +ay 2e easily controlle! without !etection 2y the au!ience. M ,$"# S,$- "d To.o## "- %/'

During the winter +onths e<eryone is thin ing of s ating% coasting or s i running an! 8u+6ing. Those too ti+i! to run !own a hill stan!ing u6right on s is +ust ta e their 6leasure in coasting or s ating. The or!inary s i can 2e +a!e into a coasting s i=to2oggan 2y 8oining two 6airs together with 2ars without in8ury to their use for running an! 8u+6ing. The or!inary factory=+a!e s is cost fro+ K$.L0 6er 6air u6% 2ut any 2oy can +a e an e5cellent 6air far L0 cents. In +a ing a 6air of s is% select two stri6s of /orway 6ine free fro+ nots% 1 in. thic % I in. wi!e an! 7 or 8 ft. long. Try to 6rocure as fine an! straight a grain as 6ossi2le. The 6ieces are !resse! thin at 2oth en!s lea<ing a2out 1 ft. in the center the full thic ness of 1 in.% an! gra!ually thinning to a scant 1G$ in. at the en!s. ,ne en! of each 6iece is ta6ere! to a 6oint 2eginning 1$ in. fro+ the en!. ( groo<e is cut on the un!er si!e% a2out 1GI in. wi!e an! 1G8 in. !ee6% an! running al+ost the full length of the s i. This will +a e it trac straight an! ten!s to 6re<ent si!e sli66ing. The sha6e of each 6iece for a s i% as it a66ears 2efore 2en!ing% is shown in *ig. 1. The 6ointe! en! of each 6iece is 6lace! in 2oiling water for at least 1 hour% after which the 6ieces are rea!y for 2en!ing. The 2en! is +a!e on an or!inary ste6la!!er. The 6ointe! en!s are stuc un!er the 2ac of one ste6 an! the other en! securely tie! to the la!!er% as shown in *ig. $. They shoul! re+ain tie! to the la!!er I8 hours in a +o!erate te+6erature% after which they will hol! their sha6e 6er+anently. The two stra6s% *ig. '% are naile! an a little forwar! of the center of gra<ity so that when the foot is lifte!% the front

*ig. 1% *ig. $% *ig. ' M *or+ing the S is of the s i will 2e raise!. Tac on a 6iece of shee6s in or !eer hi!e where the foot rests% *ig. I. The 2est finish for s is is 2oile! linsee! oil. (fter two or three

*ig. I M The Toe Stra6s a66lications the un!er si!e will ta e a 6olish li e glass fro+ the contact with the snow. The s i=to2oggan is +a!e 2y 6lacing two 6airs of s is together si!e 2y si!e

*ig. L M S i=To2oggan an! fastening the+ with two 2ars across the to6. The 2ars are hel! with V=sha6e! +etal cli6s as shown in *ig. L. ==.ontri2ute! 2y *ran Sco2ie% Slee6y #ye% Minn. Ho!e! de L$0e P*e-e*1e* %2' 7rocure an inner tu2e of a 2icycle tire% the close!=en! in!% an! fol! it in four alternate sections% as shown in *ig. 1. .ut or tear a 6iece of cloth into stri6s a2out 1G$ in. wi!e% an! not the+ together. *asten this long stri6 of cloth to the fol!e! tu2e an! wea<e it alternately in an! out% ha<ing each

*ig. 1% *ig. $ == Inner Tu2e an! .o<er run of the cloth a2out I in. a6art% until it is 2oun! as shown in *ig. 1. Ma e a case of can<as that will snugly fit the fol!e! tu2e when inflate!. The stra6s that hol! the 6reser<er to the 2o!y +ay 2e +a!e of ol! sus6en!er stra6s. They are sewe! to the case at one en! an! fastene! at the other with clas6s such as use! on o<er= all stra6s. The tu2e can 2e easily inflate! 2y 2lowing into the <al<e% at the sa+e ti+e hol!ing the <al<e ste+ !own with the teeth. The finishe! 6reser<er is shown in *ig. $. Ho3 to M ,e Boo!e* "#- %2' Ehen the ice is too thin for s ating an! the snow is not right for s is% a2out the only thing to !o is to stay in the house. ( 2oo+erang clu2 will hel6 to fill in 2etween an! also furnishes goo! e5ercise for the +uscles of the ar+. ( 2oo+erang can 2e +a!e

Ben!ing an! .utting the Eoo! of a 6iece of well seasone! hic ory 6lan . The 6lan is well stea+e! in a wash 2oiler or other large ettle an! then 2ent to a nice cur<e% as shown in *ig. 1. It is hel! in this cur<e until !ry% with two 6ieces naile! on the si!es as shown. (fter the 6iece is thoroughly !rie! out% re+o<e the si!e 6ieces an! cut it into sections with a saw% as shown in *ig. $. The 6ieces are then !resse! roun!. ( 6iece of 6lan 1$ in. wi!e an! $ ft. long will +a e si5 2oo+erangs. To throw a 2oo+erang% gras6 it an! hol! the sa+e as a clu2% with the hollow si!e away fro+ you. 7ractice first at so+e o28ect a2out $L ft. !istant% an! in a short ti+e the thrower will 2e a2le to hit the +ar o<er 100 ft. away. (ny wor er in woo! can turn out a great nu+2er of 2oo+erangs chea6ly. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. #. /o2le% Toronto% ,ntario. Ho3 to M ,e " E-,$!o S"o3 Ho4-e %5' By 9#,D9# #. E(0SH 7laying in the snow can 2e raise! to a fine art if 2oys an! girls will 2uil! their creations with so+e atte+6t at architectural s ill an! not content the+sel<es with +ere rough wor . Eor ing in snow an! ice o6ens a wi!e fiel! for an e56ression of taste an! in<ention% 2ut the construction of houses an! forts out of this 6lastic +aterial 6ro<i!es

the greatest a+ount of 6leasure to the nor+ally healthy 2oy or girl. The snow house of the #s i+o is 6ro2a2ly the unhealthiest of 2uil!ings +a!e 2y any sa<age to li<e in% 2ut it +a es an e5cellent 6layhouse in winter% an! re6resents at the sa+e ti+e a +ost ingenious e+6loy+ent of the arch syste+ in 2uil!ing. The #s i+os 2uil! their snow houses without the ai! of any scaffol!ing or interior false wor % an! while there is a eystone at the to6 of the !o+e% it is not essential to the su66ort of the walls. These are self=su66orting fro+ the ti+e the first snow 2loc s are 6ut !own until the last course is lai!. The snow house is of the 2eehi<e sha6e an! the groun! 6lan is that of a circle. The circle is first lai! out on the groun! an! a s6ace cleare! for it. Then a row of snow 2loc s is lai! on the groun! an! another course of si+ilar 2loc s 6lace! on to6. The snow 2loc s are not e5actly sJuare in sha6e% 2ut a2out 1$ in. long% ) in. high an! I or L in. thic . 0arger or s+aller 2loc s can 2e use!% accor!ing to siBe of the house an! thic ness of the walls. *irst% the snow 2loc s +ust 2e 6ac e! an! 6resse! fir+ly into 6osition out of +oist snow that will 6ac . ( <ery light% !ry snow will not 6ac easily% an! it +ay 2e necessary to use a little water. If the snow is of the right consistency% there will 2e no trou2le in 6ac ing an! wor ing with it. (s +ost of the 2loc s are to 2e of the sa+e siBe throughout% it will 6ay to +a e a +ol! for the+ 2y for+ing a 2o5 of ol! 2oar!s naile! together% +inus the to6% an! with a +o<a2le 2otto+% or rather no 2otto+ at all. 7lace the four si!e! 2o5 on a flat 2oar! an! ra+ snow in it% forcing it !own closely. Then 2y lifting the 2o5 u6 an! ta66ing the 2o5 fro+ a2o<e% the 2loc will !ro6 out. In this way 2loc s of unifor+ siBe are for+e!% which +a es the 2uil!ing si+6ler an! easier. Ehile one 2oy +a es the 2loc s another can sha<e the+ off at the e!ges an! two others can 2uil! the house% one insi!e of the circle an! the other outsi!e. The #s i+os 2uil! their snow houses in this way% an! the +an insi!e stays there until he is co+6letely walle! in. Then the !oor an! a win!ow are cut through the wall.

0aying the Snow Bric s

Three=Doo+ Snow House #ach layer of snow 2loc s +ust ha<e a slight slant at the to6 towar! the center so that the walls will constantly cur<e inwar!. This slant at the to6 is o2taine! 2etter 2y slicing off the lower surfaces of each 2loc 2efore 6utting it in its course. The to6 will then ha<e a unifor+ inwar! slant. The first course of the snow house shoul! 2e thic er than the others% an! the thic ness of the walls gra!ually !ecreases towar! the to6. ( wall% howe<er% +a!e of )=in. 2loc s

throughout will hol! u6 a snow house 6erfectly% if its to6 is no +ore than ) or 7 ft. a2o<e the groun!. If a higher house is nee!e! the walls shoul! 2e thic er at the 2ase an! well u6 towar! the +i!!le. The 2uil!er has no +ortar for 2in!ing the 2loc s together% an! therefore he +ust +a e his 8oints s+ooth an! e<en an! force in loose snow to fill u6 the cre<ices. ( little e56erience will ena2le one to !o this wor well% an! the construction of the house will 6rocee! ra6i!ly. The #s i+os 2uil! a!!itions to their houses 2y a!!ing <arious !o+e= sha6e! structures to one si!e% an! the young architect can i+itate the+. Such !o+e= sha6e! structures are shown in one of the illustrations. ( fact not well un!erstoo! an! a66reciate! is that the #s i+o 2eehi<e snow house re6resents true arch 2uil!ing. It reJuires no scaffol!ing in 2uil!ing an! it e5erts no outwar! thrust. In the or!inary eystone arch use! 2y 2uil!ers% a% te+6orary structure +ust 2e erecte! to hol! the walls u6 until the eystone is fitte! in 6osition% an! the 2ase +ust 2e 2uttresse! against an outwar! thrust. The #s i+o !oes not ha<e to consi!er these 6oints. There is no outwar! thrust% an! the to6 eystone is not necessary to hol! the structure u6. It is !ou2tful whether such an arch coul! 2e 2uilt of 2ric or stone without scaffol!ing% 2ut with the snow 2loc s it is a si+6le +atter. Se(*et Doo* Lo(, %6' The s etch shows the construction of a loc I ha<e on a !oor which is Juite a +ystery to those who !o not now how it o6erates. It also ee6s the+ out. The 6arts of the loc on the insi!e of the !oor are shown in *ig. 1. These 6arts can 2e co<ere! so that no one can see the+. The or!inary latch an! catch ( are attache! to the !oor in the usual +anner. The latch is lifte! with a stic of woo! B% which is a2out 1 ft. long an! 1 in. wi!e% an! 6i<ote! a2out two=thir!s of the way fro+ the to6 as shown.

*ig. 1% *ig. $% *ig. ' == The 0oc 7arts The latch ( is connecte! to the stic B with a strong cor! run through a sta6le to secure a right=angle 6ull 2etween the 6ieces. ( nail% .% ee6s the stic B fro+ falling o<er to the left. The 6iece of woo!% D% is ) or 8 in. long an! attache! to a 2olt that runs through the !oor% the o66osite en! 2eing fastene! to the co+2ination !ial. Two in!s of !ials are shown in *ig. $. The 6iece D is fastene! on the 2olt an inch or two fro+ the surface of the !oor to 6er+it 6lacing a s6iral s6ring of +e!iu+ strength in 2etween as shown in *ig. '. The o66osite en! of the 2olt +ay 2e screwe! into the !ial% which can 2e +a!e of woo!% or an ol! safe !ial will !o. ( nail is !ri<en through the outer en! of the 6iece D an! the en! cut off so that it will 6ass o<er the 6iece B when the !ial is turne!. Ehen the !ial is 6ulle! out slightly an! then turne! towar! the right% the nail will catch on the 6iece B an! o6en the latch. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. 9oo!2ro!% 1nion% ,re. A Co"1e"$e"t Hot7D$-8 Holde* %7'

Ehen ta ing hot !ishes fro+ the sto<e% it is <ery con<enient to ha<e hol!ers han!y for use. *or this 6ur6ose I screwe! two screw eyes into the ceiling% one in front of the sto<e !irectly a2o<e the 6lace where the hol!er shoul! hang% an! the other 2ac of the sto<e an! out of the way. I ne5t ran a strong cor! through the two eyes. To one en! of the cor! I attache! a weight +a!e of a clean lu+6 of coal. The cor! is 8ust long enough to let the weight hang a few inches a2o<e the floor an! 6ass through 2oth screw eyes. I fastene! a s+all ring to the other en! to ee6 the cor! fro+ sli66ing 2ac 2y the 6ull of the weight. I then fastene! two 6ieces of string to the ring at the en! of the cor! an! attache! an iron hol!er to the en! of each string. The strings shoul! 2e 8ust long enough to ee6 the hol!ers 8ust o<er the sto<e where they are always

Hol!ers in a .on<enient 7lace rea!y for use% as the weight always !raws the+ 2ac to 6lace. ==.ontri2ute! 2y D. S. Merrill% Syracuse% /ew -or . M #$(7Bo9 E-( )e %7' The things reJuire! to +a e this tric are a hea<y 6ac ing 2o5 with co<er% one 6air of s6ecial hinges% one or two has6s for as +any 6a!loc s an! a s+all 2uttonhoo % says the S6hin5. The hinges +ust 2e the in! for attaching insi!e of the 2o5. If or!inary 2utts are use!% the co<er of the 2o5

Bo5 with Hinges an! 0oc +ust 2e cut as +uch short as the thic ness of the en! 2oar!. The hinges shoul! ha<e 6ins that will sli6 easily through the 6arts. Before entering the 2o5 the 6erfor+er conceals the 2uttonhoo on his 6erson% an! as soon as the co<er is close! an! loc e!% an! the 2o5 6lace! in a ca2inet or 2ehin! a screen% he 6ushes the 6in or 2olt of the hinge out far enough to engage the no2 en! with the 2uttonhoo which is use! to 6ull the 6in fro+ the hinge. Both hinges are treate! in this +anner an! the co<er 6ushe! u6% allowing the 6erfor+er to get out an! unloc the 6a!loc s with a !u6licate ey. The 2olts are re6lace! in the hinges% the 2o5 loc e!

an! the 6erfor+er ste6s out in <iew. A Flo4* S$0te* %7' Ehen sifting flour in an or!inary sie<e I hasten the 6rocess an! a<oi! the !isagreea2le necessity of ee6ing +y han!s in the flour 2y ta ing the to6 fro+ a s+all tin lar! can an! 6lacing it on to6 of the flour with its shar6 e!ges !own. Ehen the sie<e is sha en% the can to6 will roun! u6 the flour an! 6ress it through Juic ly. =.ontri2ute! 2y 0. (l2erta /orrell% (ugusta% 9a. A F4""el %7' (n auto+o2ile horn with the 2ul2 an! ree! !etache! +a es a goo! funnel. It +ust 2e thoroughly cleane! an! !rie! after using as a funnel. Ho3 to M ,e Co!e* P$e(e- 0o* Blotte* P d %8'

To 6rotect the corners of 2lotting 6a!s such as will 2e foun! on al+ost e<ery writing !es % 6rocee! as follows4 *irst% +a e a !esign of a siBe 6ro6ortionate to the siBe of the 6a! an! +a e a right= angle! triangle% as shown in *ig. 1% on !rawing 6a6er. 0ea<e a s+all +argin all aroun! the e!ge an! then 6lace so+e !ecorati<e for+ therein. Ma e allowance for fla6s on two si!es% as shown% which +ay later 2e turne! 2ac an! fol!e! un!er when the +etal is wor e!. It shoul! 2e note! that the corners of the !esign are to 2e cli66e! slightly. (lso note the slight o<errun at the to6 with the resulting V=sha6e! in!entation. To +a e a !esign si+ilar to the one shown% !raw one=half of it% then fol! along the center line an! ru2 the 2ac of the 6a6er with a nife han!le or so+e other har!% s+ooth surface% an! the other half of the !esign will 2e trace! on the secon! si!e. Eith the +etal shears% cut out four 6ieces of co66er or 2rass of /o. $$ gauge an! with car2on 6a6er trace the sha6e an! !ecorati<e !esign on the +etal. Then cut out the outline an! file the e!ges s+ooth. .o<er the +etal o<er with two coats of 2lac as6haltu+ <arnish% allowing each coat ti+e to !ry. .o<er the 2ac an! all the face e5ce6t the white 2ac groun!. I++erse in a solution of ' 6arts water% 1 6art nitric aci! an! 1 6art sul6huric aci!. Ehen the +etal has 2een etche! to the !esire! !e6th% a2out 1='$ of an inch% re+o<e it an! clean off the as6haltu+ with tur6entine. 1se a stic with a rag tie! on the en! for this 6ur6ose so as to ee6 the solution off the han!s an! clothes. The four 6ieces shoul! 2e wor e! at the sa+e ti+e% one for each corner. It re+ains to 2en! the fla6s. 7lace the 6iece in a <ise% as shown in *ig. $% an! 2en! the fla6 shar6ly to a right angle. /e5t 6lace a 6iece of +etal of a thic ness eJual to that of the 2lotter 6a! at the 2en! an! with the +allet 2ring the fla6 !own 6arallel to the face of the corner 6iece% *ig. '. If the +easuring has 2een !one 6ro6erly% the fla6s

Manner of *or+ing the 7lates ought to +eet snugly at the corner. If they !o not% it +ay 2e necessary to 2en! the+ 2ac an! either re+o<e so+e +etal with the shears or to wor the +etal o<er farther. (ll

the e!ges shoul! 2e left s+ooth% a +etal file an! e+ery 6a6er 2eing use! for this 6ur6ose. If a touch of color is !esire!% it +ay 2e ha! 2y filling the etche! 6arts with ena+el tinte! 2y the a!!ition of oil colors% such as are use! for ena+eling 2athtu2s. (fter this has !rie!% s+ooth it off with 6u+ice stone an! water. To ee6 the +etal fro+ tarnishing% co<er it with 2anana=oil lacJuer. Bo*$"# Hole- $" Co*, %8' The following hints will 2e foun! useful when 2oring holes in cor . In 2oring through ru22er cor s% a little househol! a++onia a66lie! to the 2it ena2les one to +a e a +uch s+oother hole an! one that is nearly the sa+e siBe at 2oth o6enings. The co++on cor % if rolle! un!er the shoe sole% can 2e 6uncture! easily an! a hole can 2e 2ore! straighter. The 2oring is +a!e easier 2y 2oiling the cor % an! this o6eration insures a hole that will he the !esire! siBe an! re+ain the siBe of the 6unch or 2it use!. Sel07L$#8t$"# A*( Se *(8l$#8t %:' ( 6ractical an! easily constructe! self=lighting arc searchlight can 2e +a!e in the following +anner4 7rocure a large can% a2out ) in. in !ia+eter% an! cut three holes in its si!e a2out $ in. fro+ the 2ac en!% an! in the 6ositions shown in the s etch. Two of the holes are cut large enough to hol! a short section of a gar!en hose tightly% as shown at ((. ( 6iece of 6orcelain tu2e% B% use! for insulation% is fitte! tightly in the thir! hole. The hose insulation ( shoul! hol! the car2on * rigi!ly% while the car2on # shoul! rest loosely in its insulation. The inner en! of the car2on # is su66orte! 2y a 6iece of /o. $L 9er+an=sil<er wire% .% which is a2out ) in. long. This wire runs through the

(rc in a 0arge .an 6orcelain tu2e to the 2in!ing 6ost D. The 2in!ing 6ost is fastene! to a woo! 6lug in the en! of the tu2e. The tu2e B is a!8uste! so that the en! of the car2on # is 6ressing against the car2on *. The electric wires are connecte! to the car2on * an! the 2in!ing 6ost D. ( resistance% D% shoul! 2e in the line. The current% in 6assing through the la+6% heats the stri6 of 9er+an=sil<er wire% causing it to e56an!. This e56ansion lowers the en! of the car2on #% se6arating the 6oints of the two car2ons an! thus 6ro<i!ing a s6ace 2etween the+ for the for+ation of an arc. Ehen the current is turne! off% the 9er+an=sil<er wire contracts an! !raws the two car2on en!s together rea!y for lighting again. The fee! can 2e a!8uste! 2y sli!ing the car2on * through its insulation. ( resistance for the arc +ay 2e +a!e 2y running the current through a water rheostat or through 1L ft. of /o. $L gauge 9er+an=sil<er wire. ==.ontri2ute! 2y D. H. 9al2reath% Den<er% .olo. A T* 1ele*;- S8 1$"# M4# %:' Ta e an or!inary colla6si2le !rin ing cu6 an! 6lace a ca e of sha<ing soa6 in the

2otto+ ring. This will 6ro<i!e a sha<ing +ug always rea!y for the tra<eler an! one that will occu6y <ery little s6ace in the gri6. Ho!e! de S"o3-8oe- %:' Secure four light 2arrel sta<es an! san!6a6er the outsi!e s+ooth. Ta e two ol! shoes that are e5tra large an! cut off the to6s an! heels so as to lea<e only the toe co<ering fastene! to the sole. 7urchase two long 2oo stra6s% cut the+ in two in the +i!!le an! fasten the en!s on the toe co<ering% as shown in *ig. 1. The stra6s are use! to attach the snowshoe to the regular shoe. Ehen 2uc ling u6 the stra6s 2e sure to lea<e the+ loose enough for the foot to wor freely% *ig. $. *asten the 2arrel sta<es in 6airs% lea<ing a s6ace of I in. 2etween the+ as shown in *ig. '% with thin stri6s of woo!. /ail the ol!

Ma!e fro+ Barrel Sta<es shoe soles to cross6ieces 6lace! one=thir! of the way fro+ one en! as shown. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Da<i! Brown% Fansas .ity% Mo. F$-8 S$#" l 0o* F$-8$"# t8*o4#8 I(e %&0' Eatching a fish line set in a hole cut in the ice on a col! !ay is <ery !isagreea2le% an! the usual +etho! is to

Bell an! Battery in a Bo5 ha<e so+e in! of a !e<ice to signal the fisher+an when a fish is hoo e!. The Nti6 u6sN an! the N8u+6ing 8ac sN ser<e their 6ur6ose nicely% 2ut a +ore ela2orate !e<ice is the electric signal. ( co+6lete electric outfit can 2e installe! in a 2o5 an! carrie! as con= <eniently as tac le.

(n or!inary electric 2ell% (% *ig. 1% ha<ing a gong $=1G$ in. in !ia+eter% an! a 6oc et 2attery% B are +ounte! on the 2otto+ of the 2o5. The electric connection to the 2ell is 6lainly shown. Two stri6s of 2rass% .% are +ounte! on the outsi!e of the 2o5. The 2rass stri6s are sha6e! in such a way as to for+ a circuit when the en!s are 6ulle! together. The 2o5 is o6ene! an! set on the ice near the fishing hole. The fish line is hung o<er a roun! stic 6lace! across the hole an! then tie! to the insi!e stri6 of 2rass. Ehen the fish is hoo e! the line will 6ull the 2rass 6oints into contact an! close the electric circuit. Ho!e! de Floo* Pol$-8e* %&0' ( floor 6olisher is so+ething that one !oes not use 2ut two or three ti+es a year. Manufacture! 6olishers co+e in two siBes% one weighing 1L l2.% which is the right weight for fa+ily use% an! one weighing $L l2. ( 6olisher can 2e +a!e at ho+e that will !o the wor 8ust as well. 7rocure a woo!en 2o5 such as cocoa tins or starch 6ac ages are shi66e! in an! stretch se<eral thic nesses of flannel or car6et o<er the 2otto+% allowing the e!ges to e5ten! well u6 the si!es% an! tac s+oothly. Ma e a han!le of two stout stri6s of woo!% ') in. long% 2y 8oining their u66er en!s to a shorter cross6iece an! nail it to the 2o5. 7lace three 6a<ing 2ric s insi!e of the 2o5% an! the 6olisher will weigh a2out 1) l2.% 8ust the right weight for a wo+an to use. The 6olisher is use! 2y ru22ing with the grain of the woo!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Fatharine D. Morse% Syracuse% /. -. T<$"# P )e* B # to M ,e C **<$"# H "dle %&0'

In tying the or!inary 6a6er 2ag% the string can 2e 6lace! in the 6a6er in such a way that it will for+ a han!le to carry the 6ac age% an! also 6re<ent any lea age of the contents. The 2ag +ust 2e long enough for the en! to fol! o<er as shown in *ig. 1. The fol!s are +a!e o<er the string% as in

Stages in Tying a Bag *ig. $. The string is then tie!% *ig. '% to for+ a han!le% *ig. I. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Ja+es M. Fane% Doylestown% 7a. E=4$l$.* to* 0o* Model Ae*o)l "e- %&&' ,n one of +y +o!el aero6lanes I 6lace! an eJuili2rator to ee6 it 2alance!. The !e<ice was attache! to a cross6iece fastene! 8ust 2elow the 6ro6eller 2etween the +ain fra+e u6rights. ( stic was +a!e to swing on a 2olt in the center of the cross6iece to which was attache! a weight at the lower en! an! two lines connecting the en!s of the 6lanes at the u66er en!. These are shown in *ig. 1. Ehen the aero6lane ti6s% as

Ear6ing the (ero6lane Eings shown in *ig. $% the weight !raws the lines to war6 the 6lane so it will right itself auto+atically. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0ouis J. Day% *loral 7ar % /. -. Re) $*$"# C8*$-t! -7T*ee De(o* t$o"- %&&' S+all glass orna+ents for .hrist+as tree !ecorations are <ery easily 2ro en on the line shown in the s etch. These can 2e easily re6aire! 2y inserting in the nec a 6iece of +atch% tooth6ic or s6linter of woo! an! tying the hanging string to it.

Ho!e! de S(*oll S 3 %&&' ( scroll saw% if once use!% 2eco+es in!is6ensa2le in any ho+e car6enter chest% yet it is safe to say that not one in ten contains it. ( scroll saw is +uch +ore useful than a eyhole saw for sawing s+all an! irregular holes% an! +any fancy nic = nac s% such as 2rac ets% 2oo rac s an! shel<es can 2e +a!e with one. ( si+6le yet ser<icea2le scroll saw fra+e can 2e +a!e fro+ a 6iece of col!=rolle! steel ro!% 'G'$ or 1GI in. in !ia+eter% two 1G8 =in. +achine screws% four washers an! four sJuare nuts. The ro! shoul! 2e ') or '8 in. long% 2ent as shown in *ig. 1. 7lace one washer on each screw an! 6ut the screws through the eyelets% ((% then 6lace other washers on an! fasten in 6lace 2y screwing one nut on each screw% cla+6ing the washers against the fra+e as tightly as 6ossi2le. The saw% which can 2e 6urchase! at a local har!ware store% is fastene! 2etween the cla+6ing nut an! another nut as shown in *ig. $.

*ra+e Ma!e of a Do!

If two wing nuts ha<ing the sa+e nu+2er an! siBe of threa!s are a<aila2le% use the+ in 6lace of the outsi!e nuts. They are easier to turn when inserting a saw 2la!e in a hole or when re+o<ing 2ro en 2la!es. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. (. Scranton% Detroit% Michigan. Ho3 to M ,e W t(8 Fo. %&+'

The fi5tures for the watch fo2 shown ==half siBe== +ay 2e +a!e of either 2rass% co66er% or sil<er. Sil<er is the +ost !esira2le 2ut% of course% the +ost e56ensi<e. The 2uc le is to 2e 6urchase!. The connection is to 2e of leather of a color to har+oniBe with that of the fi5tures. The 2o!y of the fo2 +ay 2e of leather of suita2le color or of sil . ,f the leathers% green an! 2rowns are the +ost 6o6ular% though al+ost any color +ay 2e o2taine!. Ma e full siBe !rawings of the outline an! !esign of the fi5tures. Eith car2on 6a6er trace these on the +etal. 7ierce the +etal of the 6arts that are to 2e re+o<e! with a s+all han! !rill to +a e a 6lace for the leather or sil . Eith a s+all +etal saw cut out these 6arts an! s+ooth u6 the e!ges% roun!ing the+ slightly so they will not cut the leather or sil . /e5t cut out the outlines with the +etal shears. *ile these e!ges% roun!= ing an! s+oothing with e+ery 6a6er. The 2est way of han!ling the !ecorati<e !esign is to etch it an!% if co66er or 2rass% treat it with color. *or etching% first co<er the +etal with 2lac as6haltu+ <arnish% on the 2ac an! all the 6arts that are not to 2e touche! with the aci!. In the !esign shown% the unsha!e! 6arts shoul! not 2e etche! an! shoul!% therefore% 2e co<ere! the sa+e as the 2ac . (66ly two coats% allowing each ti+e to !ry% after which i++erse the +etal in a solution 6re6are! as follows4 ' 6arts water% 1 6art nitric aci!% 1 6art sul6huric aci!. (llow the +etal to re+ain in this until the aci! has eaten to a !e6th of 1G'$ in.% then re+o<e it an! clean in a tur6entine 2ath% using a swa2 an! an ol! stiff 2rush. The a+ount of ti+e reJuire! to !o the etching will !e6en! u6on the strength of the liJui!% as well as the !e6th of etching !esire!.

Eatch *o2 *or coloring sil<er% as well as 2rass an! co66er% co<er the +etal with a solution of the following4 1G$ 6t. of water in which !issol<e% after 2rea ing u6% fi<e cents worth of sul6hurete! 6otassiu+. 7ut a teas6oonful of this into a tin with $ Jt. of water. 7olish a 6iece of scra6 +etal an! !i6 it in the solution. If it colors the +etal re!% it has the correct strength. Drying will cause this to change to 6ur6le. Du2 off the highlights% lea<ing the+ the natural color of the +etal an! a66ly a coat of 2anana=oil lacJuer. A" A4-t*$ " To) %&+'

(ll 6arts of the to6 are of woo! an! they are si+6le to +a e. The han!le is a 6iece of 6ine% L=1GI in. long% 1=1GI in. wi!e an! 'GI in. thic . ( han!le% 'GI in. in !ia+eter% is for+e! on one en!% allowing only 1=1GI in. of the other en! to re+ain rectangular in sha6e. Bore a 'GI=in. hole in this en! for the to6. ( 1G1)=in. hole is 2ore! in the e!ge to enter the large hole as shown. The to6 can 2e cut fro+ a 2roo+ han!le or a roun! stic of har!woo!.

7arts of the To6 To s6in the to6% ta e a 6iece of stout cor! a2out $ ft. long% 6ass one en! through the 1G1)=in. hole an! win! it on the s+all 6art of the to6 in the usual way% starting at the 2otto+ an! win!ing u6war!. Ehen the shan is co<ere!% set the to6 in the 'GI =in. hole. Ta e hol! of the han!le with the left han! an! the en! of the cor! with the right han!% gi<e a goo! Juic 6ull on the cor! an! the to6 will 8u+6 clear of the han!le an! s6in <igorously. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J.*. Tholl% -6silanti% Michigan.

Po(,et- 0o* S)ool- o0 T8*e d %&/' ( The 2eing nee!le. to 2e !etacha2le 6oc et for hol!ing threa! when sewing is shown herewith. !i+ensions +ay 2e <arie! to a!+it any nu+2er or siBe of s6ools. #ach 6oc et is +a!e to ta e a certain siBe s6ool% the en! of the threa! run through the cloth front for o2taining the length for threa!ing a This will ee6 the threa! fro+ 2eco+ing tangle! an! ena2le it always rea!ily !rawn out to the reJuire! length. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Miss 0. (l2erta /orrell% (ugusta% 9a.

7oc ets for Threa! Cle "$"# Le t8e* o" F4*"$t4*e %&/' Beat u6 the whites of three eggs carefully an! use a 6iece of flannel to ru2 it well into the leather which will 2eco+e clean an! lustrous. *or 2lac leathers% so+e la+62lac +ay 2e a!!e! an! the +i5ture a66lie! in the sa+e way. A B ,$"# P " %&/' Ehen +a ing coo ies% tarts or si+ilar 6astry% the housewife often wishes for so+ething 2y which to lift the 2a e! articles fro+ the 6an. The 2a ing tray or 6an shown in the s etch not only 6rotects the han!s fro+ 2urns 2ut allows the 2a e! articles easily to sli6 fro+ its surface. The 6an is +a!e fro+ a 6iece of sheet iron slightly larger than the 2a ing s6ace !esire!. #ach en! of the +etal is cut so that a 6art +ay 2e turne! u6 an! into a roll to +a e han!les for the 6an.

Ba ing 7an without Si!es ( wire or s+all ro! is 6lace! 2etween the han!les as shown. This wire is fastene! at each en! an! a loo6 +a!e in the center. The 6an can 2e re+o<e! fro+ the o<en 2y 6lacing a stic through the loo6 an! lifting it out without 6lacing the han!s insi!e the hot o<en. The 2a ing surface% ha<ing no si!es% 6er+its the 2a e! articles to 2e sli! off at each si!e with a nife or for . ==(. (. Houghton% /orth<ille% Mich.

A B*oo! Holde* %&/'

Broo+ Hol!er ( <ery si+6le an! effecti<e !e<ice for hol!ing a 2roo+ when it is not in use is shown in the s etch. It is +a!e of hea<y wire an! fastene! to the wall with two screw eyes% the eyes for+ing 2earings for the wire. The s+all turn on the en! of the straight 6art is to hol! the hoo out far enough fro+ the wall to +a e it easy to 6lace the 2roo+ in the hoo . The weight of the 2roo+ ee6s it in 6osition. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Irl Hic s% .entralia% Mo. St*$"#$"# W$*e- %&/' (. ( string for !rawing electric wires into 2ent fi5tures can 2e easily inserte! 2y rolling it into a s+all 2all an! 2lowing it through while hol!ing one en!. A D *,*oo! L "te*" %&2' 7rocure an or!inary $=Jt. glass fruit 8ar% 2rea out the 6orcelain lining in the co<er an! cut a hole through the +etal% 8ust large enough to fit o<er the soc et of an incan= !escent electric glo2e% then sol!er co<er an! soc et together% says Stu!io 0ight. 0ine the insi!e of the 8ar with two thic nesses of goo! orange 6ost office 6a6er. The 2est la+6 for the 6ur6ose is an 8=can!le6ower showcase la+6% the sa+e as shown in the illustration. Screw the la+6 into the soc et an! screw the co<er onto the 8ar% an! you ha<e a safe light of e5cellent illu+inating 6ower. Ehen you !esire to wor 2y white light% two turns will re+o<e the 8ar.

Dar roo+ 0antern If !e<elo6ing 6a6ers are 2eing wor e!% o2tain a secon! 8ar an! line with light orange 6a6er% screw into the co<er fastene! to the la+6 an! you ha<e a safe an! 6leasant light

for loa!ing an! !e<elo6+ent. By attaching sufficient cor! to the la+6% it can 2e +o<e! to any 6art of the !ar roo+% an! you ha<e three la+6s at a trifling cost.

P*e1e"t$"# Ve#et .le- 0*o! B4*"$"# $"

Pot %&2'

Many house ee6ers !o not now that there is a si+6le way to 6re<ent 6otatoes fro+ 2urning an! stic ing to the 2otto+ of the 6ot. (n in<erte! 6ie 6an 6lace! in the 2otto+ of the 6ot a<oi!s scorching 6otatoes. The water an! e+6ty s6ace 2eneath the 6an sa<es the 6otatoes. This also +a es the wor of cleaning 6ots easier as no a!hering 6arts of 6otatoes are left to 2e scoure! out. A Clot8e- R (, %&2' ( clothes=!rying rac that has +any goo! features can 2e +a!e as shown in the illustration. Ehen the rac is

*ol!ing .lothes Dac close! it will fit into a <ery s+all s6ace an! one or +ore wings can 2e use! at a ti+e as the occasion or s6ace 6er+its% an! not ti6 o<er. The rac can 2e +a!e of any har! woo! an! the +aterial list is as follows4 1 .enter 6ost. 1=1GI in. sJuare 2y )$ in. I Braces. 1=1GI in. sJuare 2y 1$ in. 1) HoriBontal 2ars. 1 2y 1=1GI 2y $I in. I Vertical 6ieces. 1GI 2y 1 2y )L in. (ttach the four 2races for the feet with finishing nails after a66lying a goo! coat of glue. The horiBontal 2ars are fastene! to the <ertical 6ieces with ri<ets using washers on 2oth si!es. The holes are 2ore! a little large so as to +a e a slightly loose 8oint. The other en!s of the 2ars are fastene! to the center 6ost with roun! hea! screws. They are fastene!% as shown in the cross=section s etch% so it can 2e fol!e! u6. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Her+an *osel% Janes<ille% Eis.

Ho!e! de S8o3e* B t8 %&5'

( Shower Bath That .osts 0ess Than ,ne Dollar to Ma e Ehile in the country !uring <acation ti+e% I +isse! +y !aily 2ath an! !e<ise! a shower 2ath that ga<e co+6lete satisfaction. The 2ac 6orch was enclose! with sheeting for the roo+% an! the a66aratus consiste! of a gal<aniBe!=iron 6ail with a short ni66le sol!ere! in the center of the 2otto+ an! fitte! with a <al<e an! s6rin ler. The whole% after filling the 6ail with water% was raise! a2o<e oneCs hea! with a ro6e run o<er a 6ulley fastene! to the roof of the 6orch% an! a tu2 was use! on the floor to catch the water. ( not shoul! 2e tie! in the ro6e at the right 6lace% to ee6 it fro+ running out of the 6ulley while the 6ail is lowere! to 2e fille! with water% an! a loo6 +a!e in the en!% which is 6lace! o<er a screw hoo turne! into the wall. If the loo6 is tie! at the 6ro6er 6lace% the 6ail will 2e raise! to the right height for the 6erson ta ing the shower 2ath. The water will run fro+ 10 to 1L +inutes. The a!!ition of so+e hot water will +a e a s6len!i! shower 2ath. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Dr. .. H. Dosenthal% .incinnati% ,. Ho3 to M ,e S! ll S)*o(,et W8eel- %&5' (s I nee!e! se<eral s+all s6roc et wheels an! ha! none on han!% I +a!e the+ Juic ly without other e56ense than the ti+e reJuire!% fro+ scra6 +aterial. Se<eral ol! hu2s with the 6ro6er siBe 2ore were secure!. These were 6ut on an ar2or an! turne! to the siBe of the 2otto+ of the teeth. Hole were !rille! an! ta66e! to corres6on! to the nu+2er of teeth reJuire! an! ol! stu! 2olts turne! into the+. The wheels were again 6lace! on the ar2or an! the stu!s turne! to the reJuire! siBe. (fter roun!ing the en!s of the stu!s% the s6roc ets were rea!y for use an! ga<e 6erfect satisfaction. == .ontri2ute! 2y .harles Ste+% 7hilli6s2urg% /ew -or . Pot7Co1e* Clo-et %&6' The si!es of the co<er closet are cut as shown in *ig. 1 an! shel<es are naile! 2etween the+ at a slight angle. /o !i+ensions are gi<en as the s6ace an! the siBes of the co<ers are not always the sa+e. The 2ac is co<ere! with thin 2oar!s 6lace! <ertically. The front can 2e co<ere!

with a curtain or a 6anele! !oor as shown. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9il2ert (. Eehr% Balti+ore% M!.

*I9. 1 *I9. $ .loset for Hol!ing 7ot .o<ers A$d $" M$9$"# S l d D*e--$"# %&6' So+e coo s fin! it a <ery !ifficult +atter to 6re6are sala! !ressing% 6rinci6ally +ayonnaise !ressing% as the constant stirring an! 6ouring of oil an! liJui!s are reJuire! in the o6eration. The si+6le ho+e+a!e !e<ice shown in the acco+6anying s etch greatly assists

Bottle in Stan! in this wor . It consists of a stan! to hol! a 2ottle% the +outh of which rests against a. s+all gate !irectly in the rear of the attache! tin trough. The weight of the 2ottle an! the contents against the gate ser<es as a chec or sto66er. If the gate is raise! slightly% it will 6er+it a continuous flow of liJui! of the !esire! a+ount. S 1$"# O1e*e9)o-ed De1elo)$"# P*$"t- %&6' In using !e<elo6ing 6a6ers% either for contact 6rinting or enlarge+ents% you are% 2y all rules of the ga+e% entitle! to a certain nu+2er of o<ere56ose! 6rints% says a corres6on!ent of .a+era .raft. But there is no reason why you shoul! lose either the 6a6er or the ti+e an! trou2le e56en!e! in +a ing these 6rints. By using the following +etho!% you can turn these <ery !ar 6rints into goo! ones. *irst4 these o<ere56ose! 6rints +ust 2e fully !e<elo6e!. Do not try to sa<e the+ 2y rushing the+ out of the !e<elo6er into the short=sto6 or fi5ing 2ath. The results will 2e 6oor% an!% if you try to tone the+ afterwar!% the color will 2e an un!esira2le% sic ly one. De<elo6 the+ into strong 6rints% thoroughly fi5% an! wash until you are sure all hy6o is re+o<e!. In +y own 6ractice% I carry out this 6art of the wor thoroughly% then !ry the 6rints an! lay asi!e these !ar ones until there is an accu+ulation of a !oBen or +ore% !oing this to a<oi! too freJuent use of the <ery 6oisonous 2leaching solution. The

2leacher is +a!e u6 as follows an! shoul! 2e 6lainly +ar e! N7oison.N .yani!e of 6otassiu+ .............. $ oB. Io!i!e of 6otassiu+ ............... $0 gr. Eater ..................................... 1) oB. 7lace the !ry 6rint% without 6re<ious wetting% in this solution. It will 2leach slowly an! e<enly% 2ut% when it starts to 2leach% transfer it to a tray of water% where it will continue to 2leach. Ehen the !esire! re!uction has ta en 6lace% sto6 the action at once 2y i++ersing the 6rint in a 10=6er=cent solution of 2ora5. The 6rints +ay 2e allowe! to re+ain in this last solution until they are finishe!. ( goo! final washing co+6letes the 6rocess. This washing +ust 2e thorough an! a s6onge or a tuft of cotton use! to clean the surface of the 6rint. Eith a little 6ractice% this +etho! of sa<ing 6rints that are too !ar 2eco+es easy an! certain. The 6rints are lightene! an! at the sa+e ti+e i+6ro<e! in tone% 2eing +a!e 2lue=2lac with a !elicate an! 6leasing Juality that will te+6t you to 6ur6osely o<ere56ose so+e of your 6rints in or!er to tone the+ 2y this +etho! for certain effects. The 6rocess is 6articularly <alua2le to the wor er in large siBes% as it 6ro<i!es a +eans of +a ing Juite a sa<ing of 6a6er that woul! otherwise 2e thrown away. A" I*o"$"#7Bo *d St "d %&7' (n or!inary ironing 2oar! is cut sJuare on the large en! an! a slot cut 1=1G$ in. wi!e an! I in. long to a!+it the angle su66ort. The su66ort is 6lace! against the ta2le an! the 2oar!

Stan! (ttache! to Ta2le is 6resse! !own against the outer notch which 8a+s against the ta2le% thus hol!ing the 2oar! rigi! an! in such a 6osition as to gi<e free access for ironing !resses% etc. ==.ontri2ute! 2y T. 0. 9ray% San *rancisco% .al. A De-, Blott$"# P d %&7' 7rocure four sheets of 2lotting 6a6er% 6refera2ly the colore! in!% as it will a66ear clean +uch longer than the white. The siBe of the 6a! !e6en!s on the siBe of the 2lotting 6a6er. *ol! four 6ieces of or!inary wra66ing 6a6er% L 2y 1L in. in siBe% three ti+es% to +a e it L 2y L in. *ol! each one fro+ corner to corner as shown in *ig. 1 an! again as in *ig. $. 7aste the last fol! together an! the corner hol!ers are co+6lete. 7ut one on each corner of the 2lotting 6a6er. They can 2e fastene! with a s+all 2rass 6a6er fastener 6ut through the to6 of the hol!er. The 2lotting 6a6er can

*ig ' 7a6er .orners for Blotter 7a!s 2e easily change! 2y re+o<ing the hol!ers an! fasteners. .orners co+6lete are shown in *ig. '. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. Eilson (l!re! Toronto% .ana!a. Slee1e Holde*- 0o* L 1 to*$e- %&7' ( <ery han!y article is an attach+ent on wash 2asins or la<atories for hol!ing the slee<es 2ac while washing the han!s. It is <ery annoying to ha<e the slee<es continually sli6 !own an! 2eco+e wet or soile!. The si+6le !e<ice shown herewith can 2e +a!e with 2ent wires or hoo s an! attache! in such a way that it can 2e !ro66e! out

Eires (ttache! to a 0a<atory of the way when not in use. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0.J. Monahan% ,sh osh% Eisconsin. Re!o1$"# T *"$-8 %&7' ( 6encil eraser will re+o<e the tarnish fro+ nic el 6late% an! the in eraser will re+o<e the rust fro+ !rawing instru+ents. Ho3 to M ,e B* -- Boo,! *, %&8'

Secure a 6iece of 2rass of /o. $0 gauge% ha<ing a wi!th of $=1GI in. an! a length of L in. Ma e a !esign si+ilar to that shown% the hea! of which is $ in. wi!e% the shaft 1 in. wi!e 2elow the

*I9. 1 *ig. $ The 7attern an! the *inishe! Boo +ar hea! an! the e5tre+e length I=1G$ in. Ma e one=half of the !esign% as shown in *ig. 1% freehan!% then trace the other half in the usual way% after fol!ing along the center line. Trace the !esign on the +etal% using car2on 6a6er% which gi<es the outline of the !esign *ig. $. Eith the +etal shears% cut out the outline as in!icate! 2y the !rawing. Eith files% s+ooth off any roughness

Drilling an! Sawing the Metal an! for+ the e!ge so that it shall 2e nicely roun!e!. The 6arts of the !esign in hea<y color +ay 2e treate! in se<eral ways. ( <ery satisfactory treat+ent is o2taine! 2y etching% then coloring. .lean the +etal thoroughly with 6u+ice stone an! water or with alcohol 2efore the !esign is a66lie!. .o<er all the +etal that is not to 2e lowere! with a thic coating of as6haltu+. (llow this to !ry% then 6ut on a secon! coat. (fter this has !rie!% thoroughly i++erse the +etal in a solution co+6ose! as follows4 ' 6arts water% 1 6art sul6huric aci!% 1 6art nitric aci!. (llow the +etal to re+ain in this solution until the e56ose! 6art has 2een eaten a2out 1G'$ in. !ee6% then re+o<e it an! clean off the as6haltu+% using tur6entine. Do not 6ut the han!s in the solution% 2ut use a swa2 on a stic . *or coloring oli<e green% use $ 6arts water to 1 6art 6er+uriate of iron. (66ly with a s+all 2rush. The lines at ( an! B will nee! to 2e cut% using a s+all +etal saw. 7ierce a hole with a s+all !rill% *ig. '% large enough to recei<e the saw an! cut along the lines as in *ig. I. ( 6iece of woo! with a V=sha6e! notch which is fastene! fir+ly to the 2ench for+s the 2est 6lace in which to !o such sawing. The teeth of the saw shoul! 2e so 6lace! that the sawing will 2e !one on the !ownwar! stro e. The +etal +ust 2e hel! fir+ly% an! the saw allowe! ti+e to +a e its cut% 2eing hel! 6er6en!icular to the wor . (fter the sawing% s+ooth the e!ges of the +etal with a s+all file an! e+ery 6a6er. The +etal cli6 +ay 2e 2ent outwar! to !o this 6art of the wor .

C8ee-e.o97Co1e* Te T* < %&8' The co<er fro+ a cheese2o5 can 2e con<erte! into a tea tray that is <ery !ainty for the 6iaBBa% or for ser<ing an in<ali!Cs 2rea fast. *irst san!6a6er the woo! until it is s+ooth% then stain it a +ahogany color. The +ahogany stain can 2e o2taine! rea!y 6re6are!. (fter the stain has !rie!% attach 2rass han!les% which can 2e o2taine! for a s+all su+ at an u6holstererCs sho6. ( roun! e+2roi!ere! !oily in the 2otto+ a!!s to the a66earance of the tray. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Fatharine D. Morse% Syracuse% /ew -or . P$e*($"#7P4"(8 0o* B* -- %&:' Drill a 1G$=in. hole through a 2loc of 6ine or other soft woo! $ in. thic . Tac o<er one en! of the hole a 6iece of 6aste2oar! in which se<en coarse sewing=+achine nee!les ha<e 2een inserte!. The nee!les shoul! 2e close together an! 6ushe! through the 6aste2oar! until the 6oints show. The hole is then fille! with +elte! 2a22itt +etal. Ehen this is col!% the 2loc is s6lit an! the 6aste2oar! re+o<e!. This tool +a es neat 6ierce! wor an! in +a ing 2rass sha!es% it !oes the wor ra6i!ly. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H. .arl .ra+er% #ast Hartfor!% .onn. >$t(8e" C8o))$"# Bo *d %&:' .oo s can slice% cho6 or +ince <egeta2les an! <arious other foo! ra6i!ly 2y 6lacing the little !e<ice% as shown% on a cho66ing 2oar!. Ii is an or!inary sta6le% !ri<en in 8ust far enough to allow a s6ace for the en! of an or!inary 6ointe! itchen nife to fit in it. The sta6le is !ri<en in the e!ge of the cho66ing 2oar!. The nife can 2e raise! an! lowere! with one han!% as

Fnife (ttache! to the Boar! the +aterial is 6asse! un!er the 2la!e with the other. 9reat 6ressure can 2e a66lie! an! the nife will not sli6. ==.ontri2ute! 2y M. M. Burnett% Dich+on!% .al. C **<$"# M tt*e--e- %&:' Sew stra6s to the si!es of +attresses an! they can 2e han!le! +uch easier. A C *)e"te*;- G 4#e %&:' The ho+e wor sho6 can 2e su66lie! with a car6enterCs gauge without any e56enseC 2y the use of a large s6ool an!

Doun! Stic In a S6ool a roun! stic of woo!. The stic shoul! 2e !resse! to fit the hole in the s6ool snugly an! a s+all 2ra! !ri<en through one en! so that the 6oint will 6rotru!e a2out 1G1) in. The a!8ust+ent of the gauge is secure! 2y !ri<ing the stic in the hole in the !irection !esire!. ( 2etter way an! one that will +a e the a!8usting easy is to file the 6oint en! of a screw eye flat an! use it as a set screw through a hole in the si!e of the s6ool.

A Fl t$*o" Re-t %&:' The iron rest an! wall hanger shown in the s etch is +a!e of sheet iron. The u6turne! e!ges of the +etal are

Boar! or Eall Iron Dest 2ent to fit the slo6ing si!es of the iron. The hol!er an! iron can 2e +o<e! at the sa+e ti+e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. (. ?aJuythe% Dich+on!% .al. U-e 0o* P )e* B #- %&:' Ehen groceries are !eli<ere!% sa<e the 6a6er 2ags an! use the+ for staring 2rea! an! ca es. Tie the nec of the 2ag with a string an! it will ee6 the contents fresh an! clean. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Mrs. 0. H. (twell% Fissi++ee% *lori!a. U-e C8 l, o" F$le- %&:' If a little chal is ru22e! on a file 2efore filing steel% it will ee6 the chi6s fro+ stic ing in the cuts on the file an! scratching the wor . A Ho!e! de Ste ! T4*.$"e %+0' By EI00I(M H. E(D/#.F# 7rocure so+e 2rass% a2out 'G1) in. thic an! I in. sJuareH L' steel 6ens% not o<er 1GI in. in wi!th at the shan H two ena+ele!% or tin% saucers or 6ans% ha<ing a !ia+eter on the insi!e 6art of a2out I=1G$ in.H two sto6coc s with 1G8 in. holesH one shaftH so+e 6ieces of

2rass% 1GI in. thic % an! se<eral 1G8=in. +achine screws. 0ay out two circles on the 'G1)=in. 2rass% one ha<ing a !ia+eter of '=1G$ in. an! the other with a !ia+eter of $='GI in. The outsi!e circle is the siBe of the finishe! 2rass wheel% while the insi!e circle in!icates the !e6th to which the slots are to 2e cut. Mar the 6oint where a hole is to 2e !rille! for the shaft% also locate the !rill holes% as shown at (% *ig. 1. (fter the shaft hole an! the holes ( are !rille! in the !is % it can 2e use! as te+6late for !rilling the si!e 6lates .. The ri+ of the !is is !i<i!e! into L' eJual 6arts an! ra!ial lines !rawn fro+ ri+ to line B% in!icating the !e6th of the slots. Slots are cut in the !is with a hac saw on the ra!ial lines. ( s+all <ise is con<enient for hol!ing the !is while cutting the slots. Ehen cutting the !is out of the rough 2rass% sufficient +argin shoul! 2e left for filing to the true line. The slots shoul! 2e left in their rough state as they ha<e a 2etter hol! on the 6ens which are use! for the 2la!es. The 6ens are inserte! in the slots an! +a!e Juite secure 2y forcing or!inary 6ins on the insi!e of the 6ens an! 2rea ing the+ off at the ri+% as shown in *ig. I.

Ehen the 6ens are all fastene! two 6ieces of +etal are 6ro<i!e!% each a2out 1 in. in !ia+eter an! 1G'$ in. thic % with a 'G8=in. hole in the center% for filling 6ieces which are first 6lace! aroun! the shaft hole 2etween the !is an! si!e 6lates .% *ig. 1. The si!e 6lates are then secure! with so+e of the 1G8=in. +achine screws% using two nuts on each screw. The nuts shoul! 2e on the si!e o66osite the inlet <al<es. The shaft hole +ay also 2e file! sJuare% a sJuare shaft use!% an! the en!s file! roun! for the 2earings. The casing for the !is is +a!e of two ena+ele!=iron saucers% *ig. $% 2olte! together with a thin 6iece of as2estos 2etween the+ to +a e a tight 8oint. ( 'GI=in. hole is cut near the e!ge of one of the saucers for the e5haust. If it is !esire! to carry the e5haust 2eyon! the casing% a thin 6i6e can 2e inserte! 1GI in. into the hole. Holes are !rille! through the 6i6e on 2oth insi!e an! outsi!e of the casing% an! 6ins inserte!% as shown in *ig. L. Sol!er is run aroun! the outsi!e 6in to ee6 the stea+ fro+ esca6ing. (t the lowest 6oint of the saucer or casing a 1G8=in. hole is !rille! to run off the water. ( woo! 6lug will answer for a sto6coc . If +etal !ishes% sha6e! fro+ thic +aterial with a goo! coating of tin% can 2e 6rocure!% it will 2e +uch easier to construct the casing than if ena+ele! ware is use!. The holes can 2e easily !rille! an! the 6arts fitte! together closely. (ll sea+s an! sur= faces aroun! fittings can 2e sol!ere!. /oBBles are +a!e of two sto6coc s ha<ing a 1G8=in. hole. These are connecte! to a 'G8=in. su66ly 6i6e. The noBBles shoul! 2e set at an angle of $0 !eg. with the face of the !is . The noBBle or sto6coc will gi<e 2etter results if the !ischarge en! is file! 6arallel to the face of the !is when at an angle of $0 !eg. There shoul! 2e a s6ace of 1G1) in. 2etween the noBBle an! the 2la!es to allow for sufficient 6lay% *ig. '. The 2earings are +a!e of 1GI=in. 2rass an! 2olte! to the casing% as shown% with 1G8=in. +achine screws an! nuts. Two nuts shoul! 2e 6lace! on each screw. The 6ulley is +a!e 2y sli!ing a 6iece of steel 6i6e on the engine shaft an! fastening it with +achine screws an! nuts as shown in *ig. ). If the shaft is sJuare% lea! shoul! 2e run into the seg+ents. The !ri<en shaft shoul! ha<e a long 2earing. The 6ulley on this shaft is +a!e of 6ieces of woo! naile! together% an! its circu+ference cut out with a scroll saw. *langes are screwe! to the 6ulley an! fastene! to the shaft as shown in *ig. 7. The 2earings are +a!e of oa 2loc s line! with hea<y tin or sheet iron for the running surface. Motion is trans+itte! fro+ the engine to the large 6ulley 2y a thin 2ut <ery goo! leather 2elt. Ho!e! de Tele#* )8 >e< %+&' ( si+6le an! easily constructe! telegra6h ey +ay 2e +a!e in the following +anner4 7rocure a 6iece of sheet 2rass% a2out 1G'$ in. thic % an! cut out a stri6 '=1G$ in. long 2y 'GI in. wi!e. Ben! as shown in *ig. 1 an! !rill a hole for the no2 in one en! an! a hole for a screw in the other. 7rocure a s+all woo! no2 an! fasten it in 6lace with a s+all screw. .ut a stri6 of the sa+e 2rass $='GI in. long an! LG1) in. wi!e an! 2en! as shown in *ig. $. Drill two holes in the feet for screws to fasten it to the 2ase% an! one hole in the to6 6art for a +achine screw% an! sol!er a s+all nut on the un!er si!e of the +etal o<er the hole. Mount 2oth 6ieces on a 2ase I=1GI 2y $='GI 2y 1GI in.% as in *ig. '% an! where

Brass Fey on a Eoo! Base

the screw of the no2 stri es the 2ase when 6resse! !own% 6ut in a screw or 2rass= hea!e! tac for a contact. *asten the 6arts !own with s+all 2rass woo!=screws an! sol!er the connections 2eneath the 2ase. Bin!ing 6osts fro+ an ol! 2attery cell are use! on the en! of the 2ase. The screw on to6 of the arch is use! to a!8ust the ey for a long or short stro e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y S. V. .oo e% Ha+ilton% .ana!a. >ee)$"# Food Cool $" C !)- %+&' .a+6s an! su2ur2an ho+es locate! where ice is har! to get can 2e 6ro<i!e! with a cooling arrange+ent herein !escri2e! that will +a e a goo! su2stitute for the ice2o5. ( 2arrel is sun in the groun! in a sha!y 6lace% allowing 6lenty of s6ace a2out the outsi!e to fill in with gra<el. ( Juantity of s+all stones an! san! is first 6ut in wet. ( 2o5 is 6lace! in the hole o<er the to6 of the 2arrel an! fille! in with clay or earth well ta+6e!. The 6orous con!ition of the gra<el !rains the sur6lus water after a rain. The en! of the 2arrel is fitte! with a light co<er an! a hea<y !oor hinge! to the 2o5. ( s+all 6ortion of !a+6 san! is s6rin le! on the 2otto+ of the 2arrel. The co<ers shoul! 2e left o6en occasionally to 6re<ent +ol! an! to re+o<e any 2a! air that +ay ha<e collecte! fro+ the contents. ==.ontri2ute! 2y *. S+ith% 0a Salle% Ill. Ho!e! de Wo*, B -,et %++' Secure a cheese 2o5 a2out 1$ in. high an! 1L in. or +ore in !ia+eter. It will 6ay you to 2e careful in selecting this 2o5. Be sure to ha<e the co<er. Score the woo! !ee6ly with a car6enterCs gauge insi!e an! out '=1G$ in. fro+ the to6 of the 2o5. Eith re6eate! scoring the woo! will 2e al+ost cut through or in sha6e to finish the cut with a nife. /ow you will ha<e the 2o5 in two 6ieces. The lower 6art% 8=1G$ in. !ee6 o<er all% we will call the 2as et% an! the s+aller 6art will 2e nown as the tray. De+o<e the 2an! fro+ the co<er an! cut the 2oar!s to fit in the tray flush with the lower e!ge% to +a e the 2otto+. *asten with 'GI=in 2ra!s. The in! of woo! use! in +a ing these 2o5es crac s easily an! lea<es a rough surface which shoul! 2e well san!6a6ere!. The four legs are each 'GI=in. sJuare an! '0=1G$ in. long. The to6s shoul! 2e 2e<ele! to ee6 the+ fro+ s6lintering at the e!ges. Eith a string or ta6e +easure% fin! the circu+ference of the tray or 2as et an! !i<i!e this into four eJual 6arts% arranging the la6 sea+ on 2oth to co+e +i!way 2etween two of the +ar s. Ehen asse+2ling% +a e these sea+s co+e 2etween the two 2ac legs. The tray is 6lace! 1=1GI in. fro+ the to6 en! an! the 2as et )='GI in. fro+ the 2otto+ en! of the legs. /otch the legs at the lower 6oint a2out 1G8 in. !ee6 an! 1=1GI in. wi!e to recei<e the 2an! at the lower en! of the 2as et. *asten with 'GI=in. screws% using four to each leg% three of which are in the 2as et. Insert the screws fro+ the insi!e of the 2o5 into the legs. Stain the woo! 2efore 6utting in the

lining. If all the 6arts are well san!6a6ere!% the woo! will ta e the stain nicely4 Three yar!s of cretonne will +a e a <ery attracti<e lining. .ut two sheets of car!2oar! to fit in the 2otto+ of the tray an! 2as et. .o<er the+ with the cretonne% sewing on the 2ac si!e. .ut four stri6s for the si!es fro+ the wi!th of the goo!s L=1G$ in. wi!e an! four stri6s 10 in. wi!e. Sew the+ en! to en! an! turn !own one e!ge to a !e6th of 1 in. an! gather it at that 6oint% ==also the lower e!ge when necessary. Sew on to the co<ere! car!= 2oar!s. *asten the+ to the si!es of the tray an! 2as et with the s+allest u6holsterersC tac s. The 6ro!uct of your la2or will 2e a <ery neat an! useful 6iece of furniture. == .ontri2ute! 2y Stanley H. 7ac ar!% Boston% Mass. A W$"do3 D$-)l < %++' ( no<el an! attracti<e aero6lane win!ow !is6lay can 2e easily +a!e in the following +anner4 #ach aero6lane is cut fro+ fol!e! 6a6er% as shown in the s etch% an! the wings 2ent out on the !otte! lines. The fol!e! 6art in the center is 6aste! together. #ach aero6lane is fastene! with a s+all threa! fro+ the 6oint ( as shown. ( figure of an air+an can 2e 6aste! to each aero6lane. ,ne or +ore of the aero6lanes can 2e fastene! in the 2last of an electric fan an! e6t in flight the sa+e as a ite. The fan can 2e conceale! to +a e the !is6lay +ore real. Ehen +a ing the !is6lay% ha<e the 2ac groun! of such

7a6er (ero6lanes in Draft a color as to conceal the s+all threa!s hol!ing the aero6lanes. ==.ontri2ute! 2y *re!eric Hennighausen% Balti+ore% M!. Ho3 to M ,e Fl$"t A**o38e d %+/'

If you li<e where flints a2oun!% 6ossess the reJuisite 6atience an! the nac of +a ing things% you can% with the cru!est of tools an! a little 6ractice% chi6 out as goo! arrowhea!s as any 6ainte! sa<age that e<er !rew a 2ow. Select a 6iece of straight=graine! flint as near the !esire! sha6e as 6ossi2le. It +ay 2e 2oth longer an! wi!er than the finishe! arrow 2ut it shoul! not 2e any thic er. The si!e% e!ge an! en! <iews of a suita2le frag+ent are shown in *ig. 1. Hol! the 6iece with one e!ge or en! resting on a 2loc of woo! an! stri e the u66er e!ge lightly with a ha++er% a s+all 2oul!er or anything that co+es han!y until the 6iece assu+es the sha6e shown in *ig. $.

*ig.$ *ig.' The Stone .hi66e! into Sha6e

The characteristic notches shown in the co+6lete! arrow% *ig. '% are chi66e! out 2y stri ing the 6iece lightly at the reJuire! 6oints with the e!ge of an ol! hatchet or a hea<y flint hel! at right angles to the e!ge of the arrow. These hea!s can 2e +a!e so that they cannot 2e !istinguishe! fro+ the real In!ian arrowhea!s. ==.ontri2ute! 2y B. ,rlan!o Taylor% .ross Ti+2ers% Mo. A" O)e"$"# H "dle 0o* St !) P d %+/'

( sta+6 6a! is a !es necessity an! the cleanliness of one !e6en!s on ee6ing it close! when it is not in use. The o6ening an! closing of a 6a! reJuires 2oth han!s an! conseJuently the closing of a 6a! is often neglecte! in or!er to a<oi! soiling the fingers. This trou2le can 2e a<oi!e! if the 6a! is fitte! with a s+all han!le as shown in the s etch. Ta e the or!inary 6a! an! wor the hinge until it o6ens freely.

Han!le on .o<er If necessary a66ly a little oil an! s6rea! the flanges of the co<er slightly. Saw off the to6 of a co++on woo! clothes6in 8ust a2o<e the slot% sa<ing all the soli! 6art. *asten this to the co<er near the 2ac si!e in an u6right 6osition with a screw. ( ta6 on the front si!e of the 6in will turn it o<er 2ac war! until the hea! rests on the !es thus 2ringing the co<er u6 in the u6right 6osition. Ehen through using the 6a!% a slight ta6 on the 2ac si!e of the co<er will turn it !own in 6lace. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H. 0. .roc ett% 9lo<= ers<ille% /. -. Co"(*ete >e""el %+/' The ennel shown in the illustration is large enough for the usual siBe of !og. It is cleanly% healthful an! +ore orna+ental than the a<erage ennel.

*inishe! Fennel This +ission style woul! 2e in ee6ing with the now 6o6ular +ission an! se+i=+ission style ho+e% an!% with slight +o!ifications% it coul! 2e +a!e to confor+ with the e<er 2eautiful colonial ho+e. It is not !ifficult to

.oncrete *or+s 2uil! an! will ee6 in goo! sha6e for +any years. The !i+ensions an! the +anner of +a ing the for+s for the concrete% an! the location for the 2olts to hol! the 6late an! rafters% are shown in the !iagra+. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #!ith #. 0ane% #l 7aso% Te5as. N4t-8ell P8oto#* )8 No1elt< %+2' S6lit an #nglish walnut in the center% re+o<e the contents% an! scra6e out the rough 6arts. Ma e an o<al

7hotogra6h in the Shell o6ening 2y filing or grin!ing. If a file is use!% it shoul! 2e new an! shar6. (fter this is !one% ta e a s+all half roun! file an! s+ooth the e!ges into sha6e an! goo! for+. The 6hotogra6h 6rint shoul! 2e Juite s+all==less than 1G$ in. across the face. Tri+ the 6rint to a siBe a little larger than the o6ening in the shell% an! secure it in 6lace with glue or 6aste. It +ay 2e well to fill the shell with cotton. Mount the shell on a s+all car! with glue% or if !esire!% a +ount of !ifferent sha6e can 2e +a!e of 2urnt woo!wor . == .ontri2ute! 2y .. S. Bourne% 0owell% Mass. S)oo" Holde* o" >ettle %+2'

In +a ing +ar+ala!e an! 8ellies the ingre!ients +ust 2e stirre! fro+ ti+e to ti+e as the coo ing 6rocee!s. (fter stirring% so+e of the +i5ture always re+ains on the s6oon. .oo s often lay the s6oon on a 6late or stan! it against the coo ing utensil with the han!le !own. Both of these +etho!s are wasteful. The acco+6anying illustration shows a !e<ice +a!e of sheet co66er to hol! the s6oon so that the !ri66ings will return to the

coo ing utensil. The co66er is not har! to 2en! an! it can 2e sha6e! so that the !e<ice can 2e use! on any 6ot or ettle. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #!win Marshall% ,a 7ar % Ill.

S6oon Hol!er Re) $*$"# C* (,ed G* !o)8o"e Re(o*d- %+2' So+e ti+e ago I recei<e! two gra+o6hone recor!s that were crac e! in shi6+ent 2ut the 6arts were hel! together with the 6a6er la2el. (s these were single=face! !is recor!s% I use! the following +etho! to stic the+ together4 I co<ere! the 2ac of one with shellac an! lai! the two 2ac to 2ac centering the holes with the crac in one running at right angles to the crac in the other. These were 6lace! on a flat surface an! a weight set on the+. (fter se<eral hoursC !rying% I cleane! the sur6lus shellac out of the holes an! 6laye! the+. (s the nee!le 6asse! o<er the crac s the noise was har!ly au!i2le. These recor!s ha<e 2een 6laye! for a year an! they soun! al+ost as goo! as new. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Marion 7. Eheeler% 9reenleaf% ,regon. Ne3 U-e 0o* V (44! Cle "e* %+5'

(n a+ateur +echanic who ha! 2een +uch annoye! 2y the insects which were attracte! to his electric lights foun! a solution in the 6neu+atic +oth tra6 !escri2e! in a recent issue of 7o6ular Mechanics. He fi5e! a funnel to the en! of the inta e tu2e of a <acuu+ cleaner an! hung it un!er a glo2e. The insects ca+e to the light% circle! o<er the funnel an! !isa66eare!. He ca6ture! se<eral 6oun!s in a few hours. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. *. Turl% .anton% Ill. F$lte*$"# 3$t8 S! ll F4""el %+5'

In filtering a large a+ount of solution one usually !esires so+e +eans other than a large funnel an! so+ething to +a e the watching of the 6rocess unnecessary. If a consi!era2le Juantity of a solution 2e 6lace! in a large 2ottle or flas % an! a cor with a s+all hole in it inserte! in the +outh% an! the a66aratus sus6en!e! in an in<erte! 6osition o<er a s+all funnel so that the o6ening of the cor is 8ust 2elow the water le<el in the funnel% the filtering 6rocess goes on continuously with no o<erflow of the funnel. (s soon as the solution in the funnel is 2elow the cor % air is let into the flas an! a s+all Juantity of new solution is let !own into the funnel. The 6rocess wor s well an! nee!s no watching% an! instea! of the filtrate 2eing in a large filter 6a6er% it is on one s+all 6iece an! can 2e han!le! with ease. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0oren Ear!% Des Moines% Iowa. A Po-t( *d R (, %+5'. The illustration shows a rac for 6ostcar!s. Those ha<ing houses

*inishe! Dac with +ission=style furniture can +a e such a rac of the sa+e +aterial as the !es % ta2le or roo+ furnishings an! finish it in the sa+e +anner. The !i+ensions are gi<en in the !etail s etch. The two en!s are cut fro+ 1GI=in. +aterial% the 2otto+ 2eing 'G8 in. thic . ,nly three 6ieces are reJuire!% an! as they are si+6le in !esign% anyone can cut the+ out with a

Details of the Dac saw% 6lane an! 6oc et nife. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E+. Dosen2erg% Eorcester% Mass. S4.-t$t4te S8oe Ho*" %+5' ( goo! su2stitute for a shoe horn is a han! erchief or any 6iece cloth use! in the following way4 (llow 6art of the han! erchief or cloth to enter the shoe% 6lace the toe of the foot in the shoe so as to hol! !own the cloth% an! 2y 6ulling u6 on the cloth so as to ee6 it taut aroun! the heel the foot will sli!e into the shoe 8ust as easily as if a shoe horn were use!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Tho+as #. Do22ins% 9len2roo % .onn. B4$ld$"# S! ll P8oto#* )8$( D *, Roo! %+6'

In 2uil!ing a 6hotogra6hic !ar roo+% it is necessary to +a e it 6erfectly light=tight% the 2est +aterial to use 2eing +atche! 2oar!s. These 2oar!s are tongue! an! groo<e! an! when 6ut together effectually 6re<ent the entrance of light. The ne5t i+6ortant thing to 2e consi!ere! is to +a e it weather=tight% an! as far as the si!es are concerne! the +atche! 2oar!s will !o this also% 2ut it is necessary to co<er the roof with felt or water=6roof 6a6er. The 2est thic ness for the 2oar!s is 1 in.% 2ut for chea6ness 'GI in. will !o as well% yet the sa<ing is so little that the 1=in. 2oar!s are 6refera2le. The !ar roo+ shown in the acco+6anying s etch +easures ' ft. ) in. 2y $ ft. ) in.% the height to the ea<es 2eing ) ft. *or+ the two si!es shown in *ig 1% fi5ing the cross6ieces which hol! the 2oar!s together in such 6ositions that the 2otto+ one will act as a 2earer for the floor% an! the secon! one for the !e<elo6ing 2ench. Both si!es can 2e 6ut together in this way% an! 2oth e5actly ali e. Fee6 the en!s of the cross6ieces 2ac fro+ the e!ges of the 2oar!s far enough to allow the en! 2oar!s to fit in against the+. ,ne of the narrow si!es can 2e for+e! in the sa+e way% fi5ing the cross6ieces on to corres6on!% an! then these three 6ieces can 2e fastene! together 2y screwing the two wi!e si!es on the narrow one. 0ay the floor ne5t% screwing or nailing the 2oar!s to the cross6ieces% an! +a ing the last 2oar! co+e e<en with the en!s of the cross6ieces% not e<en with the 2oar!s the+sel<es. The single 2oar!s can then 2e fi5e!% one on each si!e of what will 2e the

!oorway% 2y screwing to the floor% an! to the outsi!e 2oar! of the si!es. (t the to6 of the !oorway% fi5 a narrow 6iece 2etween the si!e 2oar!s% thus lea<ing a rectangular o6ening for the !oor. The roof 2oar!s +ay ne5t 2e 6ut on% nailing the+ to each other at the ri!ge% an! to the si!es of the roo+ at the outsi!es an! ea<es. They shoul! o<erhang at the si!es an! ea<es a2out $ in.% as shown in *igs. ' an! I. ,ne of the si!es with the cross6ieces in 6lace will 2e as shown in *ig. $ in section% all the cross6ieces an! 2earers intersecting aroun! the roo+. The !oor is +a!e of the sa+e in! of 2oar!s hel! together with cross6ieces% one of which is fastene! so as to fit closely to the floor when the !oor is hinge!% an! act as a tra6 for the light. The to6 cross6iece is also fastene! within 1 in. of the to6 of the !oor for the sa+e reason. 0ight tra6s are necessary at the si!es an! to6 of the !oor. That at the hinge! si!e can 2e as shown at (% *ig. L% the closing si!e as at B% an! the to6 as at . in the sa+e !rawing. These are all in section an! are self=e56lanatory. In hinging the !oor% three 2utt hinges shoul! 2e use! so as to ee6 the 8oint close. The fittings of the roo+ are as shown sectionally in *ig. )% 2ut 2efore fi5ing these it is 2est to line the roo+ with hea<y% 2rown wra66ing 6a6er% as an a!!itional safeguar! against the entrance of light. The !e<elo6ing 2ench is 18 in. wi!e% an! in the +i!!le an o6ening% & 2y 11 in.% is cut% 2elow which is fi5e! the sin . It is shown in !etail in *ig. 7% an! shoul! 2e Binc line!. The Binc shoul! not 2e cut 2ut fol!e! as shown in *ig. 8% so that it will fit insi!e the sin . The 2ench at each si!e of the sin shoul! 2e flute! :*ig. &;% so that the water will !rain off into the sin . ( stri6 shoul! 2e fi5e! along the 2ac of the 2ench as shown in *igs. ) an! &% an! an arrange+ent of slats :*ig. 10;% hinge! to it% so as to !ro6 on the sin as in *ig. )% an! shown to a larger scale in *ig. 11. ( shelf for 2ottles an! another for 6lates% etc.% can 2e fi5e! a2o<e the !e<elo6ing 2ench as at D an! # :*ig. ); an! another as * in the sa+e !rawing. This latter for+s the 2otto+ of the tray rac % which is fi5e! on as shown

Details of the Dar Doo

in *ig. 1'. The !i<isions of the tray rac are 2est fitte! loosely in groo<es for+e! 2y fi5ing stri6s to the shel<es an! un!er the 2ench an! sin as in *ig. 1'. #5tra 2earing 6ieces will 2e wante! for the shel<es +entione! a2o<e% these 2eing shown in *ig. 1I. The win!ow is for+e! 2y cutting an o6ening in the si!e o66osite the !oor% an! fi5ing in it a sJuare of white glass with stri6s of woo! on the insi!e an! 6utty on the outsi!e% as in *ig. 1L. ( ru2y glass is fra+e! as shown at 9% *ig. 1)% an! arrange! to sli!e to an! fro in the groo<e! runners H% which +a es it 6ossi2le to ha<e white light% as at I% or re! light as at F% *ig. 1). The white glass with runners in 6osition is shown at 0 in the sa+e !rawing% 2ut not the re! glass an! fra+e. Ventilation is arrange! for 2y 2oring a series of holes near the floor% as at M% *ig. )% an! near the roof as at / in the sa+e !rawing% an! tra66ing the light without sto66ing the 6assage of air% as shown in the sections% *ig. 17. The finish of the roof at the ga2les is shown in *ig. 18% the stri6 un!er the 2oar!s hol!ing the felt in 6osition when fol!e! un!er% an! the sa+e is true of the roll at the to6 of the roof in *ig. 1&. The house will 2e +uch strengthene! if stri6s% as shown in *ig. $0% are fastene! in the corners insi!e% after lining with 2rown 6a6er% screwing the+ each way into the 2oar!s. The !oor +ay ha<e a latch or loc with a no2% 2ut shoul! in a!!ition ha<e two 2uttons on the insi!e% fi5e! so as to 6ull it shut tightly at to6 an! 2otto+. ( waste 6i6e shoul! 2e attache! to the sin an! arrange! to !ischarge through the floor. ( cistern with 6i6e an! ta6 can 2e fastene! in the to6 of the !ar roo+% if !esire!% or the roo+ +ay 2e +a!e with a flat roof% an! a tan stan! on it% though this is har!ly a!<isa2le. It is a2solutely necessary that the roo+ 2e well 6ainte!% four coats at first is not too +any% an! one coat twice a year will ee6 it in goo! con!ition. ( 2ric foun!ation shoul! 2e lai! so that no 6art of the roo+ touches the groun!. T8e Ve*- t$le @4e*l %+8' N@uerlN is the 9er+an na+e for a itchen utensil which +ay 2e use! as an egg=2eater% 6otato=+asher or a le+on=sJueeBer. *or 2eating u6 an egg in a glass% +i5ing flour an! water% or stirring cocoa or chocolate% it is 2etter than anything on the +ar et.

@uerl Ma!e of Eoo! This utensil is +a!e of har!woo!% 6refera2ly +a6le or ash. ( circular 6iece a2out $ in. in !ia+eter is cut fro+ 1G$=in. stoc an! sha6e! li e a star as shown in *ig. 1% an! a 'G8=in. hole 2ore! in the center for a han!le. The han!le shoul! 2e at least 1$ in. in length an! fastene! in the star as shown in *ig. $. In use% the star is 6lace! in the !ish containing the +aterial to 2e 2eaten or +i5e! an! the han!le is ra6i!ly rolle! 2etween the 6al+s of the han!s. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. Farl Hil2rich% #rie% 7ennsyl<ania. A" E!e*#e"(< Solde*$"# Tool %+8' ,ccasionally one fin!s a 6iece of sol!ering to !o which is i+6ossi2le to reach with e<en the s+allest of the or!inary sol!ering irons or co66ers. If a length of co66er wire as large as the 8o2 will 6er+it an! sufficiently long to a!+it 2eing 2ent at one en! to for+ a rough han!le% an! file! or !resse! to a 6oint on the other% is heate! an! tinne! e5actly as a regular

co66er shoul! 2e% the wor will cause no trou2le on account of inaccessi2ility. == .ontri2ute! 2y #. 9. S+ith% #ure a S6rings% (r . S!oot8$"# P )e* 0te* E* -$"# %+:' Ehen an in line is erase! the roughene! surface of the 6a6er shoul! 2e s+oothe! or 6olishe! so as to 6re<ent the succee!ing lines of in fro+ s6rea!ing. ( con<enient !es accessory for this 6ur6ose can 2e +a!e of a short

.ollar Button #n!s In Eoo! Stic 6iece of har!woo! an! two 2one collar 2uttons. *ile off the hea! of one 2utton at ( an! the 2ase fro+ another at B. Bore a s+all hole D an! # in each en! of the woo! han!le . an! fasten the 2utton 6arts in the holes with glue or sealing wa5. The han!le can 2e left the sha6e shown or ta6ere! as !esire!. The s+all en! is use! for s+oothing s+all erasures an! the other en! for larger surfaces. A C8e**< Seede* %+:' (n or!inary hair6in is !ri<en 6art way into a s+all roun! 6iece of woo!% a2out 'G8 in. in !ia+eter an! $ or $=1G$ in. long% for a han!le% as shown in the s etch. The hair6in shoul! 2e a <ery

Hair6in In Stic s+all siBe. To o6erate% si+6ly insert the wire loo6 into the cherry where the ste+ has 2een 6ulle! off an! lift out the see!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0. 0. Schweiger% Fansas .ity% Mo. A Do1et $l ?o$"t %+:' The illustration shows an unusual !o<etail 8oint% which% when 6ut together 6ro6erly is a 6uBBle. The tenon or tongue of the 8oint is slo6ing on three surfaces an! the +ortise is cut slo6ing to +atch. The 2otto+ surface of the +ortise is the sa+e wi!th at

Sha6e of Tenon an! Mortise 2oth en!s% the to6 2eing ta6ering towar! the 2ase of the tongue. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E+. D. Mitchell% -on ers% /ew -or . B -e 0o* Ro4"d7E"d Bottle- %+:'

Base Ma!e=of .or s The +any for+s of roun!=2otto+e! glass 2ottles use! in che+ical la2oratories reJuire so+e s6ecial in! of su66ort on which they can 2e safely 6lace! fro+ ti+e to ti+e when the che+ist !oes not% for the +o+ent% nee! the+. These su66orts shoul! not 2e +a!e of any har! +aterial nor shoul! they 2e goo! con!uctors of heat% as such Jualities woul! result in freJuent 2rea age. ( *rench +agaBine suggests +a ing the su66orts fro+ the large cor s of glass 8ars in which crystal che+icals are usually su66lie! fro+ the !ealers. The +anner of +a ing the+ is clearly shown in the s etch. #ach cor is cut as in *ig. 1 an! 6lace! on a wire ring :*ig. $; whose en!s are twiste! together an! the last section of cor is cut through fro+ the inner si!e to the center an! thus fitte! o<er the wire co<ering the twiste! en!s% which 2in!s the+ together. The cor s in use are shown in *ig. '. R4-t$( W$"do3 Bo9e- %/0' Instea! of using an or!inary green=6ainte! win!ow 2o5% why not +a e an artistic one in which the color !oes not clash with the 6lants containe! in it 2ut rather har+oniBes with the+. Such a win!ow 2o5 can 2e +a!e 2y anyone ha<ing usual +echanical a2ility% an! will furnish +ore o66ortunities for artistic an! original !esign than +any other articles of +ore co+6licate! construction. The 2o5 6ro6er shoul! 2e +a!e a little shorter than the length of the win!ow to allow for the e5tra s6ace ta en u6 in tri++ing an! shoul! 2e nearly eJual in wi!th to the sill% as shown in *ig. 1. If the sill is incline!% as is usually the case% the 2o5 will reJuire a greater height in front% to +a e it set le<el% as shown in *ig. $. The 2o5 shoul! 2e well naile! or screwe! together an! shoul! then 2e 6ainte! all o<er to +a e it +ore !ura2le. ( nu+2er of 1G$=in. holes shoul! 2e !rille! in the 2otto+% to allow the e5cess water to run out an! thus 6re<ent rotting of the 6lants an! 2o5. Ha<ing co+6lete! the 2are 2o5% it +ay 2e tri++e! to suit the fancy of the +a er. The !esign shown in *ig. 1 is <ery si+6le an! easy to construct% 2ut +ay 2e re6lace! with a 6anel or other !esign. ,ne for+ of 6anel !esign is shown in *ig. '. Tri++ing ha<ing too rough a surface will 2e foun! unsuita2le for this wor as it is !ifficult to fasten an! cannot 2e s6lit as well as s+ooth tri++ing. It shoul! 2e cut the 6ro6er length 2efore 2eing s6lit an! shoul! 2e fastene! with 2ra!s. The half=roun! hoo6s of 2arrels will 2e foun! <ery useful in tri++ing% es6ecially for filling=in 6ur6oses% an! 2y using the+ the o6eration of s6litting is a<oi!e!. (fter the 2o5 is tri++e!% the rustic wor shoul! 2e <arnishe!% in or!er to thoroughly 6reser<e it% as well as i+6ro<e its a66earance.

(rtistic *lower Bo5es A"t$dote 0o* S=4$**el Pe-t %/0' To the owner of a gar!en in a town where sJuirrels are 6rotecte! 2y law% life in the su++er ti+e is a <e5ation. *irst the sJuirrels !ig u6 the sweet corn an! two or three re6lantings are necessary. Ehen the corn is within two or three !ays of 2eing suita2le for coo ing% the sJuirrels co+e in !ro<es fro+ far an! near. They eat all they can an! carry away the rest. Ehen the corn is gone cucu+2ers% ca22ages% etc.% share the sa+e fate% 2eing 6artly eaten into. (t the ris of 2eing arreste! for illing the sJuirrels I ha<e use! a s+all target rifle +orning an! night% 2ut !uring +y a2sence the !e<astation went on stea!ily. 0ast year they !estroye! +y entire corn cro6. Tra6s !o no goo!H canCt use 6oison% too !angerous. But I ha<e sol<e! the !ifficultyH itCs easy. Sha e cayenne 6e66er o<er the <arious <egeta2les which are 2eing ruin% an! o2ser<e results. Ho!e! de Ele(t*$( Sto1e %/&' By J. *. TH,00 The construction of an electric sto<e is <ery si+6le% an! it can 2e +a!e 2y any ho+e +echanic ha<ing a <ise an! han! !rill. The 2o!y is +a!e of sheet or gal<aniBe! iron% cut out an! !rille! as shown in *ig. 1. #ach long 6ro8ection re6resents a leg% which is 2ent at right angles on the center line 2y 6lacing the +etal in the 8aws of a <ise an! ha++ering the +etal o<er flat. If 8ust the ri+ is gri66e! in the <ise% it will gi<e a roun!ing for+ to the lower 6art of the legs. The s+all 6ro8ections are 2ent in to for+ a su66ort for the 2otto+. The 2otto+ consists of a sJuare 6iece of +etal% as shown in *ig. $. Holes are !rille! near the e!ges for sto<e 2olts to fasten it to the 2otto+ 6ro8ections. Two of the larger holes are use! for the en!s of the coile! ro! an! the other two for the heating=wire ter+inals. The latter holes shoul! 2e well insulate! with 6orcelain or +ica. The to6 consists of a sJuare 6iece of +etal !rille! as shown in *ig. '. *our s+all ears are turne! !own to hol! the to6 in 6lace. ,ne en! of the coile! ro! is shown in *ig. I. This illustrates how two 6ins are inserte! in holes% !rille! at right angles% to hol! the coil on the 2otto+ 6late. The coile! ro! is 'G1) in.

7attern for 7arts of the #lectric Sto<e in !ia+eter an! $7 in. long. The ro! is wra66e! with sheet as2estos% cut in 1G$=in. stri6s. The length of the heating wire +ust 2e !eter+ine! 2y a test. This wire can 2e 6urchase! fro+ electrical stores. Sto<e6i6e wire will answer the 6ur6ose when regular heating wire cannot 2e o2taine!. The wire is coile! aroun! the as2estos=co<ere! ro!% so that no coil will 2e in contact with another coil. If% 2y trial% the coil !oes not heat sufficiently% cut so+e of it off an! try again. (2out &=1G$ ft. of /o. $) gauge heating wire will 2e a2out right. The connection to an electric=la+6 soc et is +a!e with or!inary fle5i2le cor!% to which is attache! a screw 6lug for +a ing connections. Gl --7Cle "$"# Sol4t$o" %/&' 9lass tu+2lers% tu2ing an! fancy 2ottles are har! to clean 2y washing the+ in the or!inary way% as the 6arts are har! to reach with the fingers or a 2rush. The following solution +a es an e5cellent cleaner that will re+o<e !irt an! grease fro+ cre<ices an! shar6 corners. To & 6arts of water a!! 1 6art of strong sul6huric aci!. The aci! shoul! 2e a!!e! to the water slowly an! not the water to the aci!. (!! as +uch 2ichro+ate of 6otash as the solution will !issol<e. More 2ichro+ate of 6otash shoul! 2e a!!e! as the 6reci6itate is use! in cleaning. The che+icals can 2e 6urchase! chea6ly fro+ a local !rug store% an! +a!e u6 an! e6t in large 2ottles. The solution can 2e use! o<er an! o<er again. == .ontri2ute! 2y 0oren Ear! Des Moines% Iowa. A4to! t$(7Clo-$"# >e""el Doo* %/+' Ehen the neigh2orhoo! cats are retire! for the night an! there is nothing +ore to chase% +y fo5 terrier see+s to realiBe that his usefulness

Diagra+ of .losing Door for the !ay is o<er an! 2egs to 2e 6ut in his ennel that he +ay not 2ar at the +oon as so+e !ogs are a6t to !o. This necessitates +y 6utting hi+ out at a ti+e when it +ay not 2e con<enient. *reJuently in stor+y weather this is a !isagreea2le !uty an! I foun! a way to o2<iate it 2y +a ing a tra6!oor !e<ice for his ennel as shown in the s etch where2y he +ay loc hi+self in when he crosses the threshol!.

The outer half ( of the hinge! tra6!oor is +a!e hea<ier than the inner half B 2y a cleat% .% an! a stri6% D% to cause the !oor to swing shut. The tri66er stic # is set 2etween cleats . an! * to hol! the !oor o6en. Ehen the !og ste6s on the inner half of the tra6!oor B% it falls to sto6 9% releasing tri66er stic # :which is hea<ier on the to6 en! H; to cause it to fall clear of the 6ath of the tra6!oor. The !oor then swings shut in the !irection of the arrow% the latch I engaging a slot in the !oor as it closes% an! the !og has loc e! hi+self in for the night. The latch I is +a!e of an ol!=fashione! gate latch which is +ortise! in the 2otto+ 8oist of the ennel. Ehen releasing the !og in the +orning the !oor is set for the e<ening. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Victor 0a2a!ie% Dallas% Te5as. Pol$-8$"# Clot8- 0o* S$l1e* %/+' Mi5 $ l2. of whiting an! 1G$ oB. of oleic aci! with 1 gal. of gasoline. Stir an! +i5 thoroughly. Soa 6ieces of gray outing flannel of the !esire! siBe==1L 2y 1$ in. is a goo! siBe==in this co+6oun!. Ering the sur6lus flui! out an! hang the+ u6 to !ry% 2eing careful to ee6 the+ away fro+ the fire or an o6en fla+e. These cloths will s6ee!ily clean sil<er or 6late! ware an! will not soil the han!s. In cleaning sil<er% it is 2est to wash it first in hot water an! white soa6 an! then use the 6olishing cloths. The cloths can 2e use! until they are worn to shre!s. Do not wash the+. Fni<es% for s% s6oons an! other s+all 6ieces of sil<er will ee6 2right an! free fro+ tarnish if they are sli66e! into cases +a!e fro+ the gray outing flannel an! treate! with the co+6oun!. Se6arate 2ags for such 6ieces as the tea6ot% coffee 6ot% hot=water 6ot% ca e 2as et an! other large 6ieces of sil<erware will ee6 the+ 2right an! shining. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Fatharine D. Morse% Syracuse% /. -. A Boo,7Holde* %/+' Boo s ha<ing a fle5i2le 2ac are !ifficult to hol! in an u6right 6osition when co6ying fro+ the+. ( +a eshift co+2ination of 6a6erweights an! other 2oo s is often use!% 2ut with unsatisfactory results.

*ig $. Bo5 .orner Ma es a Boo Hol!er The 2oo =hol!er shown in the s etch will hol! such 2oo s securely% allow the 6ages to 2e turne! easily an! conceal the s+allest 6ossi2le 6ortion of each 6age. The hol!er can 2e cut out of a 2o5 corner an! fitte! with two screw eyes% which ha<e the 6art shown 2y the !otte! lines at ( :*ig. 1; re+o<e!. The length of the 2ac 2oar! !eter+ines the slo6e for the 2oo rest. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Ja+es M. Fane% Doylestown% 7a. Cl !)$"# Co*, %//'

It is aggra<ating to continually 2rea the cor of the stoc +ucilage 2ottle 2ecause of its stic ing to the nec of the 2ottle after a su66ly has 2een 6oure! out. If a sto<e 2olt is inserte! lengthwise through the cor with a washer on each en! an! the nut screwe! u6 tightly% as shown in the s etch% the cor +ay 2e +a!e to last longer than the su66ly of +ucilage an! can 2e 6lace! in a new 2ottle an! use! o<er an! o<er again.

W$t8d* 3$"# P )e* 0*o! 4"de* " I"1e*ted Bottle %//' In<ert a 2ottle on a 6iece of 6a6er near the e!ge of a ta2le to6 an! as anyone to re+o<e the 6a6er without o<erturning the 2ottle. They will at once 8er the 6a6er with the result that the 2ottle will turn o<er. To re+o<e the 6a6er 8ust stri e the ta2le to6 with your right fist while 6ulling the 6a6er slowly with your left han!. (s you stri e the ta2le the 2ottle will 8u+6 an! release the 6a6er. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Maurice Bau!ier% /ew ,r= leans% 0a. E!e*#e"(< T$*e Re) $* %//' ( 2one collar 2utton +a es a goo! su2stitute for a 6lug in re6airing a 6uncture in a single=tu2e 2icycle tire. B*oo! Holde* M de o0 H$"#e %//'

The 2roo+ hol!er shown in the s etch is +a!e of an or!inary hinge with one wing screwe! to the wall. The loose wing has a large hole !rille! in it to recei<e the han!le of the 2roo+. The +anner of hol!ing the 2roo+ is 6lainly shown in the s etch. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Theo!ore 0. *isherH Ea<erly% Ill.

M ,$"# P*oo0- .e0o*e t8e Ne# t$1e D*$e- %//' . ( corres6on!ent of .a+era .raft +a es 6roofs fro+ his !e<elo6e!% 2ut unfi5e!% negati<es% 2y sJueeBing a sheet of wet 2ro+i!e 6a6er into contact with the wet fil+ an! gi<ing an e56osure se<eral ti+es longer than woul! 2e reJuire! un!er or!inary con= !itions% using the 6a6er !ry. If the !e<elo6er is well rinse! out of the fil+% the e56osure to artificial light necessary to +a e a 6rint will ha<e no in8urious effect u6on the negati<e% which is% of course% later fi5e! an! washe! as usual. Flo3e*7Pot St "d %//' ( <ery useful stan! for flower 6ots can 2e +a!e of a 6iece of 2oar! su66orte! 2y four clothes hoo s. The to6 +ay 2e of any siBe suita2le for the flower 6ot. The hoo s which ser<e as legs are fastene! to the un!er si!e of the 2oar! in the sa+e +anner as fastening the hoo to a wall. ==.ontri2ute! 2y ,li<er S. S6rout% Harris2urg% 7a.

A L$"e H *!o"o#* )8 %/2'

(s an a66aratus ca6a2le of e5citing interest% 6ro2a2ly nothing so easily constructe! sur6asses the har+onogra6h. -our attention will 2e co+6letely a2sor2e! in the e<er changing% graceful swee6 of the long 6en!ulu+% the gyrations of which are faithfully recor!e! in the resulting har+onogra+. ( careless i+6etus gi<en to the 6en!ulu+ +ay result in a <ery 2eautiful har+onogra+% 2ut you +ay try innu+era2le ti+es to !u6licate this chance recor! without success. /o two ha+onogra+s are e5actly ali e. The har+onogra6h% while its 6en!ulu+ swings in accor!ance with well nown natural laws% is e5cee!ingly erratic when it co+es to o2eying any 6reconcei<e! calculations of its o6erator. In this uncertainty lies the char+. If ti+e hangs hea<ily or a 6erson is slightly ner<ous or uneasy% a har+onogra6h is a goo! 6rescri6tion. The 6ri+e essential in a well wor ing har+onogra6h is a 6ro6erly constructe! uni<ersal 8oint. Ehere such a 8oint is +a!e with 6i<ots for its 2earings% one 6air of 6i<ots are <ery lia2le to ha<e +ore friction than the other% which retar!s the +o<e+ent an! causes the har+onogra6h to un!ergo a continuous change of a5is. To o2<iate this !ifficulty% the 8oint shoul! 2e +a!e si+ilar to those use! on scales. The general a66earance of such a 8oint is shown in the first illustration% *ig. 1. Stirru6s ( an! B are +a!e of 7G8 2y 1GI=in. +etal. Holes are !rille! in each en! of these stirru6s an! file! out as shown at .. The two holes shown in the center of the stirru6 ( are !rille! to fasten the a66aratus to the ceiling. Two corres6on!ing holes are !rille! in B to fasten the long 6en!ulu+ * to the 8oint. The cross of the 8oint D has the en!s sha6e! as shown at #. The roun!e! shoul!er on # is to 6re<ent the cross fro+ 2eco+ing !is6lace! 2y a 8ar or acci!ent. The en!s of the cross are inserte! through the holes . of the stirru6s% then

sli66e! 2ac so the nife e!ges engage in the V=sha6e! holes of the stirru6s. The cross +ust 2e so +a!e that the nife e!ges will 2e in the sa+e 6lane. This can 2e !eter+ine! 2y 6lacing two of the nife e!ges on the 8aws of a <ise an! then laying two rules across the other two e!ges. The rules shoul! 8ust touch the 8aws of the <ise an! the two nife e!ges of the cross. This +a es a uni<ersal 8oint al+ost free fro+ friction an!% what is +ost i+6ortant% 6re<ents the 6en!ulu+ fro+ twisting on its own a5is. The 6en!ulu+ * shoul! 2e +a!e of ash or oa % 1='GI 2y $ in.% with a length !e6en!ing on the height of the ceiling. ( length of 7 ft. is a2out right for a 10=ft. ceiling. ( s+all ta2le or 6latfor+% F% as shown in the lower 6art of *ig. 1% is fastene! to the lower en! of the 6en!ulu+ as a su66ort for the car!s on which har+onogra+s are +a!e. ( weight% 9% of a2out '0 or I0 l2.=a 2o5 fille! with s+all weights will !o==is attache! to the 6en!ulu+ 8ust a2o<e the ta2le. (nother weight of a2out 10 l2. is attache! as shown at H. ( 6e!estal% J% 6ro<i!es a +eans of su66ort for the stylus. The stylus ar+ shoul! ha<e 6in=6oint 2earings% to 6re<ent any si!e +otion. The length of the short 6en!ulu+ H% which can 2e regulate!% as shown in *ig. 1% shoul! 2ear a certain an! e5actly fi5e! relation to the length of the +ain 6en!ulu+% for the swinging ti+es of 6en!ulu+s are in<ersely 6ro6ortionate to their lengths% an! unless the shorter 6en!ulu+ is% for instance% e5actly one=thir!% one=fourth% one=fifth% etc.% as long as the other% that is% +a es res6ecti<ely '% I or L swings to one swing of the long 6en!ulu+% they will not har+oniBe an! a 6erfect har+onogra+ is not o2taine!. ( goo! stylus to contain the in is easily +a!e fro+ a glass tu2e 1GI in. in !ia+eter. Heat the tu2e in an alcohol or Bunsen fla+e an! then% 2y !rawing the two 6ortions a6art an! twisting at the sa+e ti+e% the tu2e +ay 2e !rawn to a shar6 6oint. (n o6ening of any !esire! siBe is +a!e in the 6oint 2y ru22ing it on a whetstone. ,wing to the fact that the style of uni<ersal 8oint !escri2e! has so little friction% the stylus 6oint +ust 2e <ery

0ines Ma!e with the Har+onogra6h fine% or the lines will o<erla6 an! 2lur. ( s+all weight% such as a shoe 2uttoner% 6lace! on the ar+ near the stylus will cause enough friction to +a e the 6en!ulu+ N!ieN faster an! thus re+e!y the trou2le. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E+. D. Ingha+% Dose+ont% (riBona. C4tt$"# C$*(4l * Hole- $" T8$" S8eet Met l %/5' In arts an! crafts wor % occasion often arises to cut a 6erfectly circular hole in sheet co66er or 2rass. To saw an! file it out ta es ti+e an! s ill. Holes u6 to ' in. in !ia+eter can 2e cut Juic ly an! accurately with an or!inary e56ansi<e 2it. *asten the sheet +etal to a 2loc of woo! with han!screws or a <ise. 7unch a hole% with a nail set or 6unch% in the center of the circle to 2e cut% large enough to recei<e the s6ur of the e56ansi<e 2it. ( few turns of the 2race will cut out the circle an! lea<e a s+ooth e!ge. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Ja+es T. 9affney% .hicago. >e< C *d 0o* W*$t$"# U"*e d .le Po-t C *d- %/5'

( ey car! for use in corres6on!ence on 6ostals that +a es the +atter unrea!a2le unless the reci6ient has a !u6licate ey car! is +a!e as follows4 Dule two car!s the siBe of 6ostal% one for the sen!er an! one for the recei<er% !i<i!ing the+ into Juarters. These Juarters are su2seJuently !i<i!e! into any con<enient nu+2er of rectangular 6arts=si5 in this case. These 6arts are nu+2ere! fro+ one to si5 in each Juarter 2eginning at the outsi!e corners an! following in the sa+e or!er in each Juarter. .ut out one rectangle of each nu+2er with a shar6 nife% !istri2uting the+ o<er the whole car!. Then 6ut a 6ro+inent figure 1 at the to6 of one si!e% $ at the 2otto+ an! ' an! I on the other si!e. The nu+2ering an! the cutouts are shown in *ig. 1. The two ey car!s are +a!e ali e.

The Fey .ar! The ey car! is use! 2y 6lacing it o<er a 6ostal with the figure 1 at the to6 an! writing in the s6aces fro+ left to right as usual% *ig. '% then 6ut $ at the to6% *ig. I% an! 6rocee! as 2efore% then ' as in *ig. L% an! I as in *ig. ). The result will 2e a 8u+2le of wor!s as shown in *ig. $% which cannot 2e rea! to +a e any sense e5ce6t 2y use of a ey car!. == .ontri2ute! 2y E.J. Morey% .hicago. Ho!e! de C *)e"te*;- V$-e %/6' The s etch shows an easily +a!e% Juic =wor ing woo! <ise that has 6ro<e! <ery satisfactory. The usual screw is re6lace! 2y an o6en 2ar hel! on one en! 2y a we!ge= sha6e! 2loc %

an! the e5cess ta en u6 on the other en! 2y an eccentric le<er. The we!ge is wor e! 2y a string 6assing through the to6 of the 2ench an! shoul! 2e weighte! on the other en! to facilitate the auto+atic !ownwar! +o<e+ent. The ca6acity of the <ise% of course% !e6en!s on the siBe an! sha6e of the we!ge=sha6e! 2loc . ==.ontri2ute! 2y J.H. .ruger% .a6e May .ity% /.J. To"$"# Bl4e o" B*o!$de "d Pl t$"4! %/6' (fter so+e e56eri+enting to secure a 2lue tone on 2ro+i!e 6rints% a corres6on!ent of

the 7hotogra6hic Ti+es 6ro!uce! a <ery 6leasing 2luish green tint 2y i++ersing the 6rints in a solution co+6ose! of '0 gr. of ferricyani!e of 6otash% '0 gr. citrate of iron an! a++onia% 1G$ oB. acetic aci! an! I oB. of water. (fter securing the tint !esire!% re+o<e the 6rints% rinse the+ in clean water for a few +inutes% an! then 6lace the+ in a !ilute solution of hy!rochloric aci!. Eash the 6rints thoroughly an! hang the+ u6 with cli6s to !ry. C4tt$"# Lo 0 B*e d %/6' Ehen cutting a loaf of 2rea! !o not slice it fro+ the outer cruste! en!. .ut through the center% then cut slices fro+ the center towar! the en!s. The two cut surfaces can 2e 6lace! together% thus e5clu!ing the air an! ee6ing the 2rea! fresh as long as there is any left to slice. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0. (l2erta /orrell% (ugusta% 9a. Ho3 to M ,e " Ele(t*$( To -te* %/7' The electric toaster shown in the s etch is not har! to +a e. The fra+ewor co+6rising the 2ase an! the two u6rights +ay 2e +a!e either of har!woo! or as2estos 2oar!% says 7o6ular #lectricity. If constructe! of the for+er% the 6ortion of the 2ase un!er the coil% an! the insi!e surfaces of the two u6rights shoul! 2e co<ere! with a 1G8= in. sheet of well +a!e as2estos 6a6er% or thin as2estos 2oar! +ay 2e su2stitute! for this lining. (s2estos 2oar! is to 2e 6referre!% an! this +aterial in al+ost any !egree of har!= ness +ay 2e 6urchase!. It can 2e wor e! into sha6e an! will hol! woo! screws. The !etail !rawing gi<es all !i+ensions necessary to sha6e the woo! or as2estos 2oar!. (fter 6re6aring the 2ase an! u6rights% !rill 1L holes% 1GI in. !ee6% into the insi!e face of each u6right to su66ort the /o. ) gauge wires shown. The wires at the to6 an! 2otto+ for hol!ing the resistance wire are co<ere! with as2estos 6a6er an! the holes for these wires are 'GI in. fro+ the to6 an! 2otto+% res6ecti<ely% of the u6rights. The wires that for+ the cage a2out the heater coil an! are use! for a su66ort for the toast are 1L 6ieces of /o. ) gauge iron wire each 8 in. long. The screws that hol! the u6rights in 6osition shoul! ha<e the hea!s countersun on the un!er si!e of the 2ase. The 2in!ing=6osts shoul! now 2e set in 6osition an! their 6rotecting co<ering

Detail of Toaster containing the reinforce! cor! left until the other 6arts are finishe!. To asse+2le% secure one u6right in 6osition using 1=1G$ in. woo!=screws. 7lace the other u6right where it 2elongs without fastening it an! 6ut the stretcher wires for hol!ing the resistance wire in 6lace. 7ut the as2estos 6a6er on these an! with the assistance of a hel6er 2egin win!ing on the heater coil.

Toaster .o+6lete 1se 80 ft. of 18=6er=cent /o. $$ gauge 9er+an=sil<er wire. Ein! the successi<e turns of

wire so they will not touch each other an! fasten at each en! with a turn or two of /o. 1) gauge co66er wire. Ehen this is co+6lete ha<e the hel6er hol! the stretcher wires while you ti6 the unfastene! u6right out an! insert the wires of the cage% then fasten the u6right in 6lace. The wire fro+ the 2in!ing=6osts to the coil +ay 2e what is nown un!erwritersC wire or as2estos=co<ere! wire /o. 1I gauge% which is hel! in 6lace 2y !ou2le=hea!e! tac s containing an insulation at the hea!. These +ay 2e 6rocure! fro+ electrical su66ly houses. .onnect the reinforce! cor! an! ter+inals to the 2in!ing screws an! fasten the co<er in 6lace. This toaster will ta e four a+6eres on 110=<olt circuit. C .$"et 0o* t8e A! te4*;- Wo*,-8o) %/7' ,ne of the +ost con<enient a!8uncts to an a+ateurCs wor 2ench is a ca2inet of so+e sort in which to ee6 nails% ri<ets% screws% etc.% instea! of lea<ing the+ scattere! all a2out the 2ench. ( <ery easily +a!e ca2inet for this 6ur6ose is shown in the acco+6anying illustration. The case +ay 2e +a!e of 1G$=in. white 6ine or white woo! of a suita2le siBe to hol! the reJuire! nu+2er of !rawers which sli!e on stri6s of the sa+e +aterial% cut an! !resse! 1G$ in. sJuare. The !rawers are +a!e of e+6ty cigar 2o5es of unifor+ siBe% which% if one is not a s+o er% +ay 2e rea!ily o2taine! fro+ any cigar !ealer% as they are usually thrown away when e+6ty. S+all no2s +ay 2e a!!e! if !esire!% 2ut these are not necessary% as the s6aces shown 2etween the !rawers gi<e a+6le roo+ to gras6 the+ with the fingers. 0a2els of so+e in! are nee!e!% an! one of the neatest things for this 6ur6ose is the e+2osse! alu+inu+ la2el% such as is sta+6e! 2y the well nown 6enny=in=the=slot +achines to 2e foun! in +any railroa! stations an! a+use+ent 6laces. ==.ontri2ute! 2y *re!eric #. Ear!% (+6ere% /. -.

#+6ty .igar Bo5es 1se! for Drawers U"(4*l$"# P8oto#* )8- %/8' 7hotogra6h 6rints can 2e e6t fro+ curling when !ry% 2y gi<ing the+ the sa+e treat+ent as was once use! on fil+s. I++erse for L +inutes in a 2ath +a!e 2y a!!ing

1I oB. of glycerine to 1) oB. of water% Solde*$"# 0o* t8e A! te4* %/8' Successful sol!ering will 6resent no serious !ifficulties to anyone who will follow a few si+6le !irections. .ertain +etals are easier to 8oin with sol!er than others an! so+e cannot 2e sol!ere! at all. .o66er% 2rass% Binc% tin% lea!% gal<aniBe! iron% gol! an! sil<er or any co+2ination of these +etals can 2e easily sol!ere!% while iron an! alu+inu+ are co++on +etals that cannot 2e sol!ere!. It is necessary to 6ossess a sol!ering co66er% a 6iece of sol!er% tinnerCs aci!% san!6a6er or steel wool% a s+all file an! a 6iece of sal a++oniac. If the sol!ering co66er is an ol! one% or has 2eco+e corro!e!% it +ust 2e groun! or file! to a 6oint. Heat it until hot :not re! hot;% +elt a little sol!er on the sal a++oniac% an! ru2 the 6oint of the co66er on it% turning the co66er o<er to thoroughly tin the 6oint on each face. This 6rocess is nown as tinning the iron an! is <ery necessary to successful wor . (fter the co66er is tinne! you +ay 6lace it in the fire again% 2eing careful a2out the heat% as too hot an iron will 2urn off the tinning. The 6arts to 2e sol!ere! +ust 2e thoroughly cleane! 2y san!6a6ering or the use of steel wool until the +etal shows u6 2right. Then a66ly the aci! only to the 6arts to 2e sol!ere! with a s+all stiff 2rush or a s+all 6iece of cloth fastene! to a stic % or in a 2ent 6iece of tin to for+ a swa2. TinnerCs aci! is +a!e 2y 6utting as +uch Binc in co++ercial +uriatic aci! as will !issol<e. This 6rocess is 2est acco+6lishe! in an o6en earthenware !ish. (fter the aci! has cease! to 2oil an! 2eco+es cool it +ay 2e 6oure! into a wi!e=+outhe! 2ottle which has a goo! to6 or sto66er% an! la2ele! N7oison.N 7lace the 6arts to 2e sol!ere! in their correct 6osition an! a66ly the hot co66er to the sol!er% then to the 8oint to 2e sol!ere!% following aroun! with the co66er an! a66lying sol!er as is necessary. In 8oining large 6ieces it is 2est to Nstic N the+ together in se<eral 6laces to hol! the wor 2efore trying to get all aroun! the+. ( little 6ractice will soon teach the reJuisite a+ount of sol!er an! the s+oothness reJuire! for a goo! 8o2. In sol!ering gal<aniBe! iron% the 6ure +uriatic aci! shoul! 2e use!% 6articularly so when the iron has once 2een use!. ==.. 9. S.% #ure a S6rings% (r . W -8.o *d Holde* %/:' Ehen using a wash2oar! it will continually sli6 !own in the tu2. This is consi!era2le annoyance% es6ecially if a large tu2 is use!. The wash2oar! can 2e e6t in 6lace with s+all +etal hoo s% as shown in the s etch. Two of these are fastene! to the 2ac of

.li6 on the Eash2oar! the wash2oar! in the right 6lace to ee6 it at the 6ro6er slant. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. (. JaJuythe% Dich+on!% .alifornia. A M$--$o" B* (,et S8el0 %/:' The shelf consists of si5 6ieces of woo! (% B% .% D% # an! *. The +aterial can 2e of any woo!. I ha<e one +a!e of +ahogany finishe! in natural color% an! one +a!e of 6o6lar finishe! 2lac . The !i+ensions gi<en in the !etail !rawings are sufficient for anyone to +a e this 2rac et. The a+ount of +aterial reJuire! is <ery s+all an! can 2e +a!e fro+ scra6% or 6urchase! fro+ a +ill surface! an! san!e!. The 6arts are 6ut together with !owel 6ins. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (. 0arson% Fenosha% Eis.

Details of the Eall Brac et Ho3 to M ,e F$"#e* R$"# %/:'

Ehile the wearing of co66er rings for rheu+atis+ +ay 2e a foolish notion% yet there is a certain gal<anic action

Tools for *or+ing the Ding set u6 2y the contact of the aci! in the syste+ of the afflicte! 6erson with the +etal of the ring. (6art fro+ this% howe<er% a ring +ay 2e +a!e fro+ any +etal% such as co66er% 2rass an! sil<er% if such +etals are in 6late or sheet for+% 2y the following +etho!4 (ll the tools necessary are a !ie an! 6unch which are si+6le to +a e an! will for+ a ring that will fit the a<erage finger. Ta e a 'GI=in. nut% B% *ig. 1% an! !rill out the threa!s. This will lea<e a clear hole% 7G8 in. in !ia+eter% or a hole !rille! the !esire! siBe in a 6iece of iron 6late will !o as well. .ountersin the to6 of the hole so that the full !ia+eter of the countersin will 2e 1=1GI in. This co+6letes the !ie. The 6unch (% is +a!e of a 6iece of LG8 in. roun! iron% slightly roun!e! on the en! so that it will not cut through the +etal !is . The !i+ensions shown in *ig. 1 can 2e change! to suit the siBe of the finger to 2e fitte!. The +etal use! shoul! 2e a2out 1G1) in. thic an! 1=1GI in. in !ia+eter. (nneal it 6ro6erly 2y heating an! 6lunging in water. 0ay it on the !ie so that it will fit nicely in the countersin an! !ri<e it through the hole 2y stri ing the 6unch with a ha++er. Hol! the 6unch as nearly central as 6ossi2le when starting to !ri<e the +etal through the hole. The !is will co+e out 6an sha6e!% .% an! it is only necessary to re+o<e the 2otto+ of the 6an to ha<e a 2an! which will lea<e a hole LG8 in. in !ia+eter an! 1=1GI in. wi!e. 7lace the 2an!% D% *ig. $% on a stic so that the e!ges can 2e file! an! roun!e! to sha6e. *inish with fine e+ery cloth an! 6olish. Brass rings can 2e 6late! when finishe!. == .ontri2ute! 2y H. E. Han in% Troy% /. -. Ho3 to B$"d M # A$"e- %20' ( great +any rea!ers of 7o6ular Mechanics MagaBine sa<e their co6ies an! ha<e the+ 2oun! in 2oo for+ an! so+e ee6 the+ without 2in!ing. The 2oun! <olu+es +a e an attracti<e li2rary an! will always 2e <alua2le wor s of reference along +echanical lines. I 2in! +y +agaBines at ho+e e<enings% with goo! results. Si5 issues +a e a well 6ro6ortione! 2oo % which gi<es two 2oun! <olu+es each year. The co<ers of the +agaBines are re+o<e!% the wire 2in!ers 6ulle! out with a 6air of

6liers an! the a!<ertising 6ages re+o<e! fro+ 2oth si!es% after which it will 2e foun! that the re+ain!er is in sections% each section containing four !ou2le lea<es or si5teen 6ages. These sections are each re+o<e! in turn fro+ the others% using . a 6oc et nife to se6arate the+ if they stic % an! each section is 6lace! as they were in the +agaBine u6on each 6rece!ing one until all si5 nu+2ers ha<e 2een 6re6are!. If starte! with the January or the July issue% the 6ages will 2e nu+2ere! consecuti<ely through the entire 6ages of the si5 issues. The sections are then 6re6are! for sewing. They are e<ene! u6 on the e!ges 2y 8arring on a flat surface. They are then 6lace! 2etween two 6ieces of 2oar! an! all cla+6e! in a <ise. *i<e cuts% 1G8 in. !ee6% are +a!e with a saw across the 2ac of the sections% as shown in *ig. 1. Hea<y 6lain 6a6er is use! for the flylea<es. The 6a6er is cut !ou2le the sa+e as the lea<es co+6rising the sections% +a ing either one or two !ou2le sections for each si!e as !esire!. ( fra+e for sewing will ha<e to 2e +a!e as shown in *ig. $ 2efore the wor can 2e continue! on the 2oo . The fra+e is easily +a!e of four 6ieces of woo!. The 2otto+ 6iece ( shoul! 2e a little larger than the 2oo . The two u6right 6ieces B are naile! to the outsi!e e!ge% an! a thir! 6iece% .% is naile! across the to6. S+all nails are !ri<en 6art way into the 2ase . to corres6on! to the saw cuts in the sections. ( 6iece of soft fi2er string is stretche! fro+ each nail to the cross6iece . an! tie!. .oarse white threa!% siBe 1) or larger% is use! for the sewing +aterial. Start with the front of the 2oo . Be sure that all sections are in their right 6laces an! that the flylea<es are 6ro<i!e! in the front an! 2ac . Ta e the sections of the flylea<es on to6% which shoul! 2e notche! the sa+e as the saw cuts in the 2oo sections% an! 6lace the+ against the strings in the fra+e. 7lace the left han! on the insi!e of the lea<es where they are fol!e! an! start a 2lunt nee!le% threa!e! !ou2le% through the notch on the left si!e of the string /o. 1 in *ig. $. Ta e hol! of the nee!le with the right han! an! 6ass it to the left aroun! the string /o. 1% then 2ac through the notch on the right si!e. *asten the threa! 2y tying or +a ing a not in the en! an! 6assing the nee!le through it. (fter !rawing the threa! tightly% 6ass the nee!le through the notch on the left si!e of the string /o. $% 6assing it aroun! the string an! tying in the sa+e +anner as for /o. 1. #ach section is fastene! to the fi<e strings in the sa+e +anner% the threa! 2eing carrie! across fro+ each tie fro+ /o. 1 to $ then to ' an! so on

until all strings are tie!. The string /o. L is treate! in the sa+e +anner only that the nee!le is run through on the left si!e of the string a secon! ti+e% lea<ing the nee!le on the outsi!e in 6osition for the ne5t section% which is fastene! the sa+e as the first% the nee!le 2eing 6asse! through the notch on the right si!e of the string /o. L% an! then to string /o.I% 6assing aroun! on the right si!e an! 2ac on the left an! so on. Fee6 the threa! !rawn u6 tightly all the ti+e. (fter the sewing is co+6lete! cut the strings% allowing a2out $ in. of the en!s e5ten!ing on each si!e. The fi2ers of these en!s are se6arate! an! co+2e! out so that they can 2e glue! to the co<ers to ser<e as a hinge. ( 6iece of cheesecloth is cut to the siBe of the 2ac an! glue! to it. ,r!inary liJui! glue is the 2est a!hesi<e to use. 7rocure hea<y car!2oar! for the co<ers an! cut two 6ieces 1G$ in. longer an! 8ust the sa+e wi!th as the +agaBine 6ages. The co<ering can 2e of cloth% leather or 6a6er accor!ing to the taste an! resources of the +a er. The co<ering shoul! 2e cut out 1 in. larger on all e!ges than 2oth co<ers an! s6ace on the 2ac . 7lace the car!2oar! co<ers on the 2oo % allowing a +argin of 1GI in. on all e!ges e5ce6t the 2ac % an! +easure the !istance 2etween the 2ac e!ges of the co<ers across the 2ac of the 2oo .

7lace the car!2oar! co<ers on the 2ac of the co<ering the 6ro6er !istance a6art as +easure! for the 2ac % an! +ar aroun! each one. S6rea! thin coat of glue on the surface of each an! lay the+ on 2y the +ar s +a!e. .ut a notch out of the co<ering so it will fol! in% an!% after gluing

The Boun! Boo a stri6 of 6a6er to the co<ering 2etween the co<ers to strengthen the 2ac % fol! o<er the outsi!e e!ges of the co<ering an! glue it !own all aroun!. 7lace the co<er on the 2oo in the right 6osition% glue the hinges fast to the insi!e of the co<ers% then glue the first flyleaf to the insi!e of the co<er on 2oth front an! 2ac an! 6lace the whole un!er a weight until !ry. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .ly!e #. Di<ine% .ollege View% /e2r. Met l Co1e*$"#- 0o* Le t8e* H$"#e- %2&' ( +etho! of +a ing a leather hinge wor as well as an or!inary steel 2utt is to co<er the wings with sheet +etal. The +etal can 2e fastene! with nails or screws o<er the 6arts of the leather attache! to the woo!. Tin6late% iron

Metal 7arts Screwe! on 0eather Hinge hoo6s% Binc or thin 2rass cut in neat !esigns will +a e a leather hinge a66ear as well as a +etal hinge. ==.ontri2ute! 2y To+ Hutchinson% #ncanto% .al. Re!o1$"# Pl -te* 0*o! S,$" %2&' ( hot=water 2ottle hel! against a 6orous 6laster will assist in Juic ly re+o<ing it fro+ the s in. Ho3 to M ,e C8e ) B* (,et S 3 %2+'

*or the fra+e use 'G8=in. roun! iron% 2en!ing it as shown in the !iagra+ an! filing a no2 on each en!% at o66osite si!es to each other% on which to hoo the 2la!e. *or the 2la!e an ol! tal ing=+achine

Hac saw *ra+e an! Bla!e s6ring or a cloc s6ring will !o nicely. Heat the s6ring enough to ta e so+e of the te+6er out of it% in or!er to !rill the holes in the en!s% as shown% an! file in the teeth. Ma e the 2la!e 1$ in. long% with 10 teeth to the inch. ( an! B show how the 2la!e fits on the fra+e. =.ontri2ute! 2y Eillar! J. Hays% Su++it<ille% ,hio. Ho3 to M ,e C ""o" %2+'

( cannon li e the one in the cut +ay 2e +a!e fro+ a 6iece of 1=in. hy!raulic 6i6e% (% with a steel slee<e% B% an! a long threa! 6lug% .. Be sure to get hy!raulic 6i6e% or !ou2le e5tra hea<y% as it is so+eti+es calle!% as co++on gas 6i6e is entirely too light for this 6ur6ose. DonCt ha<e the 6i6e too long or the cannon will not +a e as +uch

Toy .annon noise. Se<en or eight inches is a2out the right length for a 1=in. 2ore. Screw the 6lug an! 6i6e u6 tightly an! then !rill a 1G1)=in. fuse hole at D. If !esire! the cannon +ay 2e +ounte! on a 2loc of woo!% *% 2y +eans of a 1=2olt or large sta6le% #. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .arson Bir hea!% Moorhea!% Miss. Co"t*olle* 0o* S! ll Moto* %2+'

(n easy way of +a ing a controlling an! re<ersing !e<ice for s+all +otors is as follows4 .ut a 6iece of woo! :(; a2out ) in. 2y I=1G$ in.% an! 1GI in. thic % an! another 6iece :B; ) in. 2y 1 in.% an! 1GI in. thic . Dri<e a nail through this near the center for a 6i<ot :.;. To the un!er si!e of one en! nail a co66er 2rush :D; to e5ten! out a2out an inch. ,n the u66er si!e% at the sa+e en!% nail another 2rush :#; so that it 6ro8ects at 2oth si!es an! is 2ent !own to the le<el of the en! 2rush. Then on the 2oar! 6ut

De<erse for Motor a se+i=circle of 2rass=hea!e! tac s as shown at *% lea<ing a s+all s6ace at the +i!!le an! 6lacing fi<e tac s on either si!e% so that the en! 2rush will co+e in contact with each one. .onnect these tac s on the un!er si!e of the 2oar! with coils of 9er+an=sil<er wire% using a2out 8 in. of wire to each coil. *i5 these 2y sol!ering or 2en!ing o<er the en!s of the tac s. Then nail two stri6s of co66er :9; in such 6osition that the si!e 2rush will re+ain on the one as long as the en! 2rush re+ains on the tac s on that si!e. 7ut si!es a2out 1=1G$ in. high aroun! this a66aratus% raising the 2oar! a little fro+ the 2otto+ to allow roo+ for the coil. ( li! +ay 2e a!!e! if !esire!. .onnect u6 as shown. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .has. H. Boy!% 7hila!el6hia. Ho3 to M ,e S$!)le W te* R8eo-t t %2/'

Eiring 7lan for Eater Dheostat The +aterials necessary are4 ,ne L=6oint woo!=2ase switch% I 8ars% so+e sheet co66er or 2rass for 6lates% a2out L ft. of ru22er=co<ere! wire% an! so+e /o. 18 gauge wire for the wiring. The siBe of the 8ars !e6en!s on the <oltage. If you are going to use a current of low tension% as fro+ 2atteries% the 8ars nee! not 2e <ery large% 2ut if you inten! to use the electric light current of 110 <oltage it will 2e necessary to use large 8ars or woo!en 2o5es +a!e watertight% which will hol! a2out ) or 7 gal. #ach 8ar to 2e fille! with $0 6arts water to 1 6art sul6huric aci!. Jars are set in a row in so+e con<enient 6lace out of

the way. /e5t cut out eight co66er or 2rass !is s% two for each 8ar. Their siBe also !e6en!s on the <oltage. The !is s that are 6lace! in the lower 6art of the 8ars are connecte! with a ru22er co<ere! wire e5ten!ing a little a2o<e the to6 of the 8ar. To wire the a66aratus% refer to the s etch an! you will see that 8ar /o. 1 is connecte! to 6oint /o. 1 on switchH /o. $% on /o. $% an! so on until all is co+6lete an! we ha<e one re+aining 6oint on switch. (2o<e the 8ars 6lace a wire to sus6en! the other or to6 !is s in the solution. This wire is also connecte! to one ter+inal on the +otor an! to re+aining 6oint on switch. The ar+ of the switch is connecte! to one ter+inal of 2attery% or source of current% an! the other ter+inal connecte! !irect to re+aining ter+inal of +otor. 7ut ar+ of switch on 6oint /o. 1 an! lower one of the to6 !is s in 8ar /o. 1 an! +a e contact with wire a2o<e 8ars. The current then will flow through the +otor. The s6ee! for each 6oint can 2e !eter+ine! 2y lowering to6 !is s in 8ars. The to6 !is in 8ar /o. $ is lower !own than in /o. 1 an! so on for /o. ' an! /o. I. The connection 2etween 6oint /o. L on switch% !irect to wire across 8ars% gi<es full current an! full s6ee!. Ho3 to B4$ld To.o## " Sled %22' By (. B,#TT# The first o28ect of the 2uil!er of a sle! shoul! 2e to ha<e a NwinnerN 2oth in s6ee! an! a66earance. The acco+6anying instructions for 2uil!ing a sle! are !esigne! to 6ro!uce these results. The sle! co+6lete! shoul! 2e 1L ft. $ in. long 2y $$ in. wi!e% with the cushion a2out 1L in. a2o<e the groun!. *or the 2ase2oar! select a 6ine 2oar! 1L ft. long% 11 in. wi!e an! $ in. thic % an! 6lane it on all e!ges. *it u6 the 2ase2oar! with ten oa foot=rests $$ in. long% ' in. wi!e an! 'GI in. thic . *asten the+ on the un!er si!e of the 2ase2oar! at right angles to its length an! 1) in. a6art% 2eginning at the rear. (t the front $I or $) in. will 2e left without cross 2ars for fitting on the auto front. ,n the u66er si!e of the cross 2ars at their en!s on each si!e screw a 6iece of oa 1 in. sJuare 2y 1I ft. long. ,n the u66er si!e of the 2ase2oar! at its e!ge on each si!e screw an oa stri6 ' in. wi!e 2y 'GI in. thic an! the length of the sle! fro+ the 2ac to the auto front. These are to ee6 the cushion fro+ falling out. See *ig. 1. *or the 2ac of the sle! use the u66er 6art of a chil!Cs high chair% ta ing out the s6in!les an! resetting the+ in the rear en! of the 2ase2oar!. .o<er u6 the outsi!e of the s6in!les with a 6iece of gal<aniBe! iron. The construction of the runners is shown 2y *igs. $ an! '. The stoc reJuire! for the+ is oa % two 6ieces '0 in. 2y L in. 2y 1=1GI in.% two 6ieces 'I in. 2y L in. 2y 1=1GI in.% two 6ieces 1I in. 2y ) in. 2y $ in.% an! four 6ieces 1I in. 2y $ in. 2y 1 in. They shoul! 2e 6ut together with large screws a2out ' in. long. 1se no nails% as they are not su2stantial enough. In 6ro6ortioning the+ the 6oints (% B an! .% *ig. $% are i+6ortant. *or the front runners these +easure+ents are4 (% '0 in.H B% I in.H .% 1L=1G$ in.% an! for the rear runners4 (% 'I in.H B% 7 in. H .% 1)=1G$ in. The screw eyes in!icate! +ust 2e 6lace! in a straight line an! the holes for the+ carefully centere!. ( <ariation of 1G1) in. one way or another woul! cause a great !eal of trou2le. *or the steel runners use 'G8 in. col!=rolle! steel flattene! at the en!s for screw holes. 1se no screws on the running surface% howe<er% as they NsnatchN the ice. The +echanis+ of the front steering gear is shown at *ig. '. ( 'GI=in. steel ro! +a es a goo! steering ro!. *latten the steering ro! at one en! an! sin it into the woo!. Hol! it in 6lace 2y +eans of an iron 6late !rille! to recei<e the ro! an! screwe! to 2loc O. (n iron washer% P% is use! to re!uce frictionH 2e<el 2loc F to gi<e a roc er +otion. #Jui6 2loc O with screw eyes% +a ing the+ clear those in the front runner% an! 2olt through. *or the rear runner 6ut a 2loc with screw eyes on the 2ase2oar! an! run a 2olt through. .onstruct the auto front :*ig. I; of 'GI=in. oa 2oar!s. The illustration shows how to sha6e it. Be<el it towar! all si!es an! ee6 the e!ges shar6% as shar6 e!ges are 2est suite! for the 2rass tri++ings which are to 2e a!!e!. Ehen the auto front is in 6lace ena+el the sle! either a !ar +aroon or a crea+y white. *irst san!6a6er all the woo!% then a66ly a coat of thin ena+el. 0et stan! for three !ays an! a66ly another coat. Three coats of ena+el an! one of thin <arnish will +a e a fine=loo ing sle!. *or the 2rass tri++ings use /o. $7 B. Q S. sheet 2rass 1 in. wi!e on all the front e!ges an! 6ieces ' in. sJuare on the cross 2ars to rest the feet against. ,n the !oor of the auto front 6ut the

+onogra+ of the owner or owners of the sle!% cutting it out of sheet 2rass. *or the steering=wheel 6rocure an ol! freight=car N2ra eN wheel% 2rass 6late!. *asten a horn% such as use! on auto+o2iles% to the wheel. Ma e the cushion of leather an! stuff it with hair. The 2est way is to get so+e strong% chea6 +aterial% such as 2urla6% sew u6 one en! an! +a e in

.onstruction a NEinnerN To2oggan Sle! the for+ of an o2long 2ag. Stuff this as tightly as 6ossi2le with hair. Then get so+e u6holstery 2uttons% fasten a cor! through the loo6% 2ring the cor! through to the un!ersi!e of the cushion% an! fasten the 2utton 2y sli66ing a nail through the not. Then 6ut a leather co<ering o<er the 2urla6% sewing it to the 2urla6 on the un!er si!e. Ma e the cushion for the 2ac in the sa+e way. ,n to6 of the cushion su66orts run a 2rass tu2e to ser<e the !ou2le 6ur6ose of hol!ing the cushion !own an! affor!ing so+ething to hol! on to. If !esire!% 2icycle la+6s +ay 2e fastene! to the front en!% to i+6ro<e the a66earance% an! it is well to ha<e a light of so+e in! at the 2ac to a<oi! the !anger of rear=en! collisions. The !oor of the auto front shoul! 2e hinge! an! 6ro<i!e! with a loc so that s ates% 6arcels% o<ershoes% lunch% etc. +ay 2e stowe! within. ( sil 6ennant with a +onogra+ a!!s to the a66earance. If !esire!% a 2ra e +ay 2e a!!e! to the sle!. This can 2e a wrought=iron le<er 1=1G$ in. 2y 1G$ in. 2y '0 in. long% so 6i<ote! that +o<ing the han!le will cause the en! to scra6e the ice. This sle! can 2e +a!e without la+6s an! horn at a cost of a2out K1L% or with these for K$L% an! the 6leasure !eri<e! fro+ it well re6ays the 2uil!er. If the e56ense is greater than one can affor!% a nu+2er of 2oys +ay share in the ownershi6. B4*"$"# I"-(*$)t$o"- o" T*eeScra6e off the 2ar 8ust enough to co+e to the first light un!er coating% which is so+ewhat +oist. Eith a lea! 6encil +a e an outline of the inscri6tion to 2e 2urnt on the

tree an! 2ring% the rays of a large +agnifying glass not Juite to a fine focus on the sa+e. The tree will 2e 2urnt along the 6encil +ar s% an! if the glass is not hel! in one s6ot too long% the inscri6tion will 2e 2urnt in as e<enly as if it ha! 2een written. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Stewart H. 0elan!% 0e5ington% Ill.

Ho3 to M ,e S! ll Ge *38eel- W$t8o4t

L t8e %26'

To +a e s+all +o!els sun!ry s+all gears an! rac s are reJuire!% either cut for the 6lace or 2y using the 6arts fro+ an ol! cloc . Eith no other tools than a hac saw% so+e files% a co+6ass%

Ma ing Mo!el Eheels an! with the e5ercise of a little 6atience an! +o!erate s ill% <ery goo! teeth +ay 2e cut on 2lan wheels. *irst ta e the case of a s+all gearwheel% say 1 in. outsi!e !ia+eter an! 1G1) in. thic % with twenty=four teeth. Draw a circle on 6a6er% the sa+e !ia+eter as the wheel. Di<i!e the circu+ference into the nu+2er of 6arts !esire!% 2y !rawing !ia+eters% *ig. 1. The !istance (B will 2e a66ro5i+ately the 6itch. /ow !escri2e a s+aller circle for the 2ase of the teeth an! halfway 2etween these circles +ay 2e ta en as the 6itch circle. /ow !escri2e a circle the sa+e siBe as the largest circle on a 6iece of 1G1)=in. sheet +etal% an! ha<ing cut it out an! file! it u6 to this circle% fasten the +ar e!=out 6a6er circle accurately o<er it with glue. Saw=cuts can now 2e +a!e !own the !ia+eters to the s+aller circle with the ai! of a saw gui!e% *ig. $% +a!e fro+ 1G1)=in. +il! steel or iron. This gui!e shoul! ha<e a 2e<ele! e!ge% #% fro+ * to 9% to lay along the line on which the saw=cut is to 2e +a!e. The straight=e!ge% .D% shoul! 2e set 2ac one=half the thic ness of the saw=2la!es% so that the center of the 2la!e% when flat against it% will 2e o<er the line *9. ( s+all clearance s6ace% *.% +ust 2e +a!e to allow the teeth of the saw to 6ass. The gui!e shoul! then 2e 6lace! along one of the !ia+eters an! hel! in 6osition until gri66e! in the <ise% *ig. '. The first tooth +ay now 2e cut% care 2eing ta en to ee6 the 2la!e of the saw flat u6 to the gui!ing e!ge. The Mo!el #ngineer% 0on!on% says if this is !one an! the saw=gui!e well +a!e% the cut will 2e central on the line% an! if the +ar ing=out is correct the teeth will 2e Juite unifor+ all the way roun!. ( s+all war! file will 2e nee!e! to finish off the teeth to their 6ro6er sha6e an! thic ness. In +a ing a wor+ wheel the cuts +ust 2e ta en in a slo6ing !irection% the slo6e an! 6itch !e6en!ing on the slo6e an! 6itch of the wor+ threa!% which% though +ore !ifficult% +ay also 2e cut with a hac saw an! file. ( 2e<el wheel shoul! 2e cut in the sa+e +anner as the s6ur wheel% 2ut the cut shoul! 2e !ee6er on the si!e which has the larger !ia+eter. To cut a rac the 6itch shoul! 2e +ar e! along the si!e% an! the gui!e an! saw use! as 2efore :*ig. I;. Ho3 to M ,e Fo4* P$(t4*e- o" O"e Pl te %26' Secure two e5tra sli!es for the 6late hol!ers an! cut one corner out on one

*our 7hotos on ,ne 7late of the+% as shown in *ig. 1. Ma e a hole in the other% as shown in *ig. $. Eith a lea! 6encil !raw on the groun! glass one line <ertical an! one horiBontal% each in the center. This will !i<i!e the groun! glass into four eJual 6arts. *ocus the ca+era in the usual +anner% 2ut get the 6icture !esire! to fill only one of the 6arts on the groun! glass. 7lace the 6late=hol!er in 6osition an! !raw the regular sli!eH su2= stitute one of the sli!es 6re6are! an! e56ose in the usual way. If a s+all 6icture is to 2e +a!e in the lower left=han! corner of the 6late% 6lace the 6re6are! sli!e with the corner cut% as shown in *ig. 1. The sli!e +ay 2e turne! o<er for the u66er left han! corner an! then change! for sli!e shown in *ig. $ for the u66er an! lower right=han! corners. Ele(t*$( Bl4e7L$#8t E9)e*$!e"t %27'

Ta e a 8u+6=s6ar coil an! connect it u6 with a 2attery an! start the <i2rator. Then ta e one outlet wire% D% an! connect to one si!e of a $=c6. electric la+6% an! the other outlet wire% B% hol! in one han!% an! 6ress all fingers of the other han! on glo2e at 6oint (. ( 2right% 2lue light will co+e fro+ the wires in the la+6 to the surface of the glo2e where the fingers touch. /o shoc will 2e 6erce6ti2le. B. I"te*e-t$"# Ele(t*$( l E9)e*$!e"t RI7S The +aterials necessary for 6erfor+ing this e56eri+ent are4 Tele6hone recei<er% trans+itter% so+e wire an! so+e car2ons% either the 6encils for arc la+6s% or ones ta en fro+ ol! !ry 2atteries will !o. Dun a line fro+ the insi!e of the house to the insi!e of so+e other 2uil!ing an! fasten it to one ter+inal of the recei<er. To the other ter+inal fasten another 6iece of wire an! groun! it on the water faucet in the house. If there is no faucet in the house% groun! it with a large 6iece of Binc. *asten the other en! to one ter+inal of the trans+itter an! fro+ the other ter+inal of the sa+e run a wire into the groun!. The groun! here shoul! consist either of a large 6iece of car2on% or se<eral 6ieces 2oun! tightly together.

( 1niJue Battery If a 6erson s6ea into the trans+itter% one at the recei<er can hear what is sai!% e<en though there are no 2atteries in the circuit. It is a well nown fact that two tele6hone recei<ers connecte! u6 in this way will trans+it wor!s 2etween two 6ersons% for the <oice <i2rating the !ia6hrag+ causes an in!ucti<e current to flow an! the other recei<er co6ies these <i2rations. But in this e56eri+ent% a trans+itter which in!uces no current is use!. Do the car2on an! the Binc an! the +oist earth for+ a 2atteryT ==.ontri2ute! 2y E+. J. Slattery% #+sworth% 7a. A C8e ) F$*e Al *! %27' (n electrical !e<ice for the 2arn that will gi<e an alar+ in case of fire is shown in the acco+6anying !iagra+. ( is a woo!en 2loc % which is fastene! un!er the loft at a ga2le en! of the 2arnH B is an iron weight attache! to the string .% an! this string 6asses u6 through the 2arn to the roof% then o<er a hoo or 6ulley an! across the 2arn% un!er the ga2le% an! is fastene! to the o66osite en! of the 2arn. D D are 2in!ing 6osts for electric wires. They ha<e screw en!s% as shown% 2y which +eans they are fastene! to the woo!en 2loc (. They also hol! the 2rass 6iece # an! the stri6 of s6ring 2rass * in 6lace against the woo!en 2loc . 9 is a leather stra6 fastene! to the weight B an! the s6ring * connecte! to the latter 2y a s+all sin 2olt.

#lectric *ire (lar+ (t the house an electric 2ell is 6lace! where<er con<enient. Se<eral 2attery cells% of course% are also nee!e!. Dry 2atteries are +ost con<enient. The 2attery cells an! 2ell are connecte! in the usual +anner% an! one wire fro+ the 2ell an! one fro+ the 2attery are strung to the 2arn an! connecte! to the 2in!ing 6osts D D. If a fire occurs in the hay=+ow the 2laBe will generally shoot towar! the ga2le soon after it starts% an! will then 2urn the string .% which allows the weight B to fall an! 6ull the 2rass s6ring against the iron 6iece #% which closes the circuit an! rings the 2ell in the house. If !esire!% the string +ay 2e stretche! 2ac an! forth un!er the roof se<eral ti+es or !rawn through any 6lace that is in !anger of fire. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. B. Erenn% (shlan!% ,hio. Ho3 to M ,e S! ll Ele(t*$( F4*" (e %28'

Ta e a 2loc of woo! an! sha6e into a core. ,ne li e a loaf of 2rea!% an! a2out that siBe% ser<es a!+ira2ly. Era6 a layer of as2estos aroun! it an! co<er this with a thin layer of 6laster=of=6aris. Ehen the 6laster is nearly !ry win! a coil of /o. ') wire aroun! it% ta ing care that the wire !oes not touch itself anywhere. 7ut another course of 6laster=of=6aris on this% an! again win! the wire aroun! it. .ontinue the 6rocess of alternate layers of 6laster an! wire until L00 ft. or +ore of the latter has 2een use!% lea<ing a2out 10 in. at each en! for ter+inals. Then set the whole core away to !ry. *or a 2ase use a 6ine 2oar! 10 in. 2y 1$ in. 2y 1 in. Bore four holes at one en! for 2in!ing=6osts% as in!icate! 2y # #. .onnect the holes in 6airs 2y or!inary house fuse

wire. (t one si!e secure two rece6tacles% B B% an! one single 6ost switch% .. 7lace another switch at I an! another 2in!ing=6ost at *. The o<en is now rea!y to 2e connecte!. Eith!raw the woo!en core fro+ the coils of wire an! secure the latter 2y 2an!s of tin to the 2oar!. .onnect the en!s of the wire to 2in!ing=6osts # an! *% as shown. *ro+ the other set of 2in!ing=6osts% #% run a /o. 1$ or /o. 1I wire% connecting la+6 rece6tacles% B B% an! switch% .% in 6arallel. .onnect these three to switch% D% in series with 2in!ing= 6ost% *% the ter+inal of the coil. 7lace 1)=c6. lights in the rece6tacles an! connect the fuses with a 110=<olt lighting circuit. The a66aratus is now rea!y for o6eration. Turn on switch% D% an! the la+6s% while . is o6en. The coil will co++ence to 2eco+e war+% soon !rying out the 6laster=of=6aris. To o2tain +ore heat

#lectric *urnace o6en one la+6% an! to o2tain still +ore o6en the other an! close switch .. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #ugene Tuttles% Jr.% /ewar % ,hio. Ho3 to M ,e " A!!ete* %2:' #<ery a+ateur +echanic who 6erfor+s electrical e56eri+ents will fin! use for an a++eter% an! for the 2enefit of those who wish to construct such an instru+ent the following !escri6tion is gi<en4 The o6erati<e 6rinci6le

.o+6lete (++eter an! Details of this instru+ent is the sa+e as that of a gal<ano+eter% e5ce6t that its wor ing 6osition is not confine! to the +agnetic +eri!ian. This is acco+6lishe! 2y +a ing the nee!le re<ol<e in a <ertical instea! of a horiBontal 6lane. The only a!8ust+ent necessary is that of le<eling% which is acco+6lishe! 2y turning the thu+2screw shown at (% *ig. 1% until the han! 6oints to Bero on the scale. *irst +a e a su66ort% *ig. $% 2y 2en!ing a 6iece of sheet 2rass to the sha6e in!icate! an! ta66ing for the screws ... These shoul! ha<e hollow en!s% as shown% for the

6ur6ose of recei<ing the 6i<ote! a5le which su66orts the han!. The core% *ig. '% is +a!e of iron. It is 1 in. long% 1GI in. wi!e an! 1G8 in. thic . (t a 6oint a little a2o<e the center% !rill a hole as shown at H% an! through this hole !ri<e a 6iece of nitting=nee!le a2out 1G$ in. long% or long enough to reach 2etween the two screws shown in *ig. $. The en!s of this s+all a5le shoul! 2e groun! 6ointe! an! shoul! turn easily in the ca<ities% as the sensiti<eness of the instru+ent !e6en!s on the ease with which this a5le turns. (fter asse+2ling the core as shown in *ig. I% it shoul! 2e file! a little at one en! until it assu+es the 6osition in!icate!. The 6ointer or han!% *ig. L% is +a!e of wire% alu+inu+ 2eing 6refera2le for this 6ur6ose% although co66er or steel will !o. Ma e the wire I=1G$ in. long an! +a e a loo6% D% 1G$ in. fro+ the lower en!. Sol!er to the short en! a 6iece of 2rass% #% of such weight that it will e5actly 2alance the weight of the han!. This is sli66e! on the 6i<ot% an! the whole thing is again 6lace! in 6osition in the su66ort. If the 6ointer is correctly 2alance! it shoul! ta e the 6osition shown in *ig. 1% 2ut if it is not e5actly right a little filing will 2ring it near enough so that it +ay 2e correcte! 2y the a!8usting=screw. /e5t +a e a 2rass fra+e as shown in *ig. ). This +ay 2e +a!e of woo!% although 2rass is 2etter% as the e!!y currents set u6 in a con!uctor surroun!ing a +agnet ten! to sto6 oscillation of the +agnet. :The core is +agnetiBe! when a current flows through the instru+ent.; The 2rass fra+e is woun! with +agnet wire% the siBe !e6en!ing on the nu+2er of a+6eres to 2e +easure!. Mine is woun! with two layers of /o. 1I wire% 10 turns to each layer% an! is a2out right for or!inary e56eri+ental 6ur6oses. The en!s of the wire are fastene! to the 2in!ing 6osts B an! .% *ig. 1. ( woo!en 2o5% D% is then +a!e an! 6ro<i!e! with a glass front. ( 6iece of 6a6er is 6aste! on a 6iece of woo!% which is then fastene! in the 2o5 in such a 6osition that the han! or 6ointer will lie close to the 6a6er scale. The 2o5 is L=1G$ in. high% I in. wi!e an! 1='GI in. !ee6% insi!e +easure+ents. (fter e<erything is asse+2le! 6ut a !ro6 of sol!er on the loo6 at D% *ig. L% to 6re<ent it turning on the a5le. To cali2rate the instru+ent connect as shown in *ig. 7% where ( is the ho+e+a!e a++eterH B% a stan!ar! a++eterH .% a <aria2le resistance% an! D% a 2attery% consisting of three or +ore cells connecte! in +ulti6le. Throw in enough resistance to +a e the stan!ar! instru+ent rea! 1 oh+ Rsic4 a+6ereS an! then 6ut a +ar on the 6a6er scale of the instru+ent to 2e cali2rate!. .ontinue in this way with $ a+6eres% ' a+6eres% I a+6eres% etc.% until the scale is full. To +a e a <olt+eter out of this instru+ent% win! with 6lenty of /o. ') +agnet wire instea! of /o. 1I% or if it is !esire! to +a e an instru+ent for +easuring 2oth <olts an! a+6eres% use 2oth win!ings an! connect to two 6airs of 2in!ing 6osts. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J.#. Dussault% Montreal. Ho3 to M ,e T8*ee7W < Co(, 0o* S! ll Model7Wo*, %50'

In +a ing +o!els of +achines it is often necessary to contri<e so+e +etho! for a '= or I=way <al<e or coc . To +a e one% secure a 6et coc an! !rill an! ta6 hole through% as shown in the cut. If for '=way% !rill in only to the o6ening alrea!y through% 2ut if for a I= way% !rill through the entire case an! <al<e. Be sure to ha<e <al<e B turne! so as to !rill at right angles to the o6ening through it. (fter !rilling% re+o<e the <al<e% ta e off the 2urr with a 6iece of e+ery 6a6er an! re6lace rea!y for wor . E -< E9)e*$!e"t- 3$t8 Ele(t*$(7L$#8t C$*(4$t %50' (n electric=light circuit will 2e foun! +uch less e56ensi<e than 2atteries for

6erfor+ing electrical e56eri+ents. The s etch shows how a s+all arc light an! +otor +ay 2e connecte! to the light soc et% (. The light is re+o<e! an! a 6lug with wire connections is 6ut in its 6lace. ,ne wire runs to the switch% B% an! the other connects with the water rheostat% which is use! for re!ucing the current.

(rc=0ight Motor an! Eater Dheostat ( tin can% . is fille! nearly to the to6 with salt water% an! a +etal ro!% D% is 6asse! through a 6iece of woo! fastene! at the to6 of the can. Ehen the +etal ro! is lowere! the current increases% an! as it is with!rawn the current grows wea er. In this way the !esire! a+ount of current can 2e o2taine!. By connecting the +otor% #% an! the arc light% *% as shown% either one +ay 2e o6erate! 2y turning switch B to the corres6on!ing 6oint. The arc light is easily +a!e 2y fastening two electric light car2ons in a woo!en fra+e li e that shown. To start the light% turn the current on strong an! 2ring the 6oints of the car2ons togetherH then se6arate slightly 2y twisting the u66er car2on an! at the sa+e ti+e !rawing it through the hole. Ho3 to M ,e " I"te**4)te* %5&' The Eenult interru6ter is an instru+ent +uch use! on large coils an! is far +ore efficient than the usual

Details of Interru6ter for+ of <i2rators. It can also 2e use! with success on s+all coils as well as large. (lthough it is a costly instru+ent to 6urchase% it can 2e +a!e with 6ractically no e56ense an! the construction is <ery si+6le. *irst 6rocure a wi!e=+outhe! 2ottle a2out I in. high% 6ro<i!e! with a ru22er sto66er. This sto66er shoul! 2e 6ierce!% +a ing two holes a2out 1GI in. in !ia+eter. *ro+ a sheet of lea! 1G1) in. in thic ness

The .o+6lete! Instru+ent cut a 6iece sha6e! li e (% *ig. 1. .o++on tea lea! fol!e! se<eral ti+es will ser<e the 6ur6ose. Ehen in the 2ottle this lea! shoul! 2e of such a siBe that it will only reach half way aroun!% as shown in B. To insert the lea! 6late% roll it u6 so it will 6ass through the nec of the 2ottle% then s+ooth it out with a s+all stic until it fits against the si!e% lea<ing the s+all stri6 at the to6 6ro8ecting through the nec of the 2ottle. Ben! this stri6 to one si!e an! fit in the sto66er% as shown in .. ( s+all 2in!ing=6ost is fastene! at the en! of the stri6. Ha<ing fi5e! the lea! 6late in 6osition% ne5t get a 6iece of glass tu2e ha<ing a 2ore of a2out 1G'$ of an inch in !ia+eter. ( 6iece of an ol! ther+o+eter tu2e will ser<e this 6ur6ose. Insert this tu2e in the hole in the sto66er farthest fro+ the lea! 6late. 9et a 6iece of wire that will fit the tu2e an! a2out ) in. long% an! fasten a s+all 2in!ing= 6ost on one en! an! stic the other into the tu2e. This wire shoul! fit the hole in the tu2e so it can 2e easily +o<e!. In the hole nearest the lea! 6late insert a s+all glass funnel. The interru6ter as it is when co+6lete is shown at D% *ig. 1. Ha<ing finishe! the interru6ter% connect it with the electric=light circuit as shown in *ig. $. *ill the 2ottle with water to a2out the line as shown in D% *ig. 1. (!8ust the wire in the s+all glass tu2e so that it 6ro8ects a2out 1G8 in. (!! sul6huric aci! until the water le<el rises a2out 1G1) in. Turn on the current an! 6ress the 2utton% B. If all a!8ust+ents are correct% there will 2e a lou! crac ling noise fro+ the interru6ter% a <iolet fla+e will a66ear at the en! of the wire an! a hot s6ar will 6ass 2etween the secon!ary ter+inals. If the interru6ter !oes not wor at first% a!! +ore sul6huric aci! through the funnel an! 6ress the wire !own a little +ore into the liJui!. ( 6iece of woo!% (% *ig. $% shoul! 2e inserte! in <i2rator to 6re<ent it fro+ wor ing. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Harol! 0. Jones% .arthage% /. -. A M$"$ t4*e BPe))e*;- G8o-tB Ill4-$o" %5+' 7ro2a2ly +any rea!ers ha<e seen a N7e66erCs 9hostN illusion at so+e a+use+ent 6lace. (s there shown% the au!ience is generally seate! in a !ar roo+ at the en! of which there is a stage with 2lac hangings. ,ne of the au!ience is in<ite! onto the stage% where he is 6lace! in an u6right o6en

coffin. ( white shrou! is thrown o<er his 2o!y% an! his clothes an! flesh gra!ually fa!e away till nothing 2ut his s eleton re+ains% which i++e!iately 2egins to !ance a horri2le rattling 8ig. The s eleton then fa!es away an! the +an is restore! again. ( si+6le e56lanation is gi<en in the Mo!el #ngineer. Between the au!ience an! the coffin is a sheet of trans6arent glass% incline! at an angle so as to reflect o28ects locate! 2ehin! the scenes% 2ut so clear as to 2e in<isi2le to the au!ience an! the +an in the coffin. (t the 2eginning the stage is lighte! only fro+ 2ehin! the glass. Hence the coffin an! its occu6ant are seen through the glass <ery 6lainly. The lights in front of the glass :2ehin! the scenes; are now raise! <ery gra!ually as those 2ehin! the glass are turne! !own% until it is !ar there. The 6erfectly 2lac surface 2ehin! the glass now acts li e the sil<er 2ac ing for a +irror% an! the o28ect u6on which the light is now turne!==in this case the s eleton==is reflecte! in the glass% a66earing to the au!ience as if really oc= cu6ying the stage. The +o!el% which reJuires no s6ecial s ill e5ce6t that of car6entry% is constructe! as shown in the !rawings. The 2o5 containing the stage shoul! 2e 1I in. 2y 7 in. 2y 7=1G$ in.% insi!e !i+ensions. The 2o5 nee! not 2e +a!e of 6articularly goo! woo!% as the entire interior% with the e5ce6tion of the glass% figures an! lights% shoul! 2e colore! a !ull 2lac . This can well 2e !one 2y 6ainting with a solution of la+62lac in tur6entine. If e<erything is not 2lac % es6ecially the 8oints an! 2ac groun! near (% the illusion will 2e s6oile!. The glass shoul! 2e the clearest 6ossi2le% an! +ust 2e thoroughly cleanse!. Its e!ges shoul! nowhere 2e <isi2le% an! it shoul! 2e free fro+ scratches an! i+6erfections. The figure ( shoul! 2e a !oll a2out I in. high% !resse! in 2rilliant% light=colore! gar+ents. The s eleton is +a!e of 6a6ier +achU% an! can 2e 2ought at Ja6anese stores. It shoul! 6refera2ly 2e one with ar+s sus6en!e! 2y s+all s6iral s6rings% gi<ing a li+6% loose= 8ointe! effect. The +etho! of causing the s eleton to !ance is shown in the front <iew. The figure is hung fro+ the nec 2y a 2lac ene! stiff wire attache! to the ha++er wire of an electric 2ell% fro+ which the gong has 2een re+o<e!. Ehen the 2ell wor s he will ic against the rear wall% an! wa<e his ar+s u6 an! !own% thus gi<ing as realistic a !ance as anyone% coul! e56ect fro+ a s eleton. The lights% 0 an! M% shoul! 2e +iniature electric la+6s% which can 2e run 2y three !ry cells. They nee! to gi<e a fairly strong light% es6ecially 0% which shoul! ha<e a conical tin reflector to increase its 2rilliancy an! 6re<ent its 2eing reflecte! in the glass. Since the stage shoul! 2e so+e !istance fro+ the au!ience% to ai! the illusion% the angle of the glass an! the inclination of the !oll% (% has 2een so !esigne! that if the stage is 6lace! on a +antle or other high shelf% the i+age of ( will a66ear u6right to an o2ser<er sitting in a chair so+e !istance away% within the li+its of an or!inary roo+. If it is !esire! to 6lace the 2o5 lower !own% other angles for the i+age an! glass +ay 2e foun! necessary% 2ut the 6ro6er tilt can 2e foun! rea!ily 2y e56eri+ent. The electric connections are so si+6le that they are not shown in the !rawings. (ll

that is necessary is a two=6oint switch% 2y which either 0 or M can 2e 6lace! in circuit with the 2attery% an! a 6ress 2utton in circuit with the 2ell an! its cell. If a gra!ual transfor+ation is !esire!% a !ou2le=6ointe! rheostat coul! 2e use!% so that as one light !i+s the other increases in 2rilliancy% 2y the insertion an! re+o<al of resistance coils. Eith a clear glass an! a !ar roo+ this +o!el has 6ro<e! to 2e fully as 2ewil!ering as its 6rototy6e. E9)e*$!e"t 3$t8 Colo*ed Ele(t*$( L !)- %5/' To +any the following e56eri+ent +ay 2e +uch +ore easily 6erfor+e! than e56laine!4 7lace the han! or other o28ect in the light co+ing fro+ two incan!escent la+6s% one re! an!

Two=.olore! Han! one white% 6lace! a2out a foot a6art% an! allow the sha!ow to fall on a white screen such as a ta2le=cloth. 7ortions of the sha!ow will then a66ear to 2e a 2right green. ( si+ilar e56eri+ent consists in first turning on the re! light for a2out a +inute an! then turning it off at the sa+e ti+e that the white one is turne! on. The entire screen will then a66ear to 2e a <i<i! green for a2out one secon!% after which it assu+es its nor+al color. To E9)lode Po3de* 3$t8 Ele(t*$($t< %5/' ( 1=in. hole was 2ore! in the center of a $=in. sJuare 2loc . Two finishing nails were !ri<en in% as shown in the s etch. These were connecte! to ter+inals of an in!uction coil. (fter e<erything was rea!y the 6ow!er was 6oure! in the hole an! a 2oar! weighte! with roc s 6lace! o<er the 2loc . Ehen the 2utton is 6resse!

or the circuit close! in so+e other way the !ischarge occurs. The !istance 2etween the nail 6oints==which +ust 2e 2right an! clean==shoul! 2e 8ust enough to gi<e a goo!% fat s6ar . ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. E. *ry% San Jose% .al. S$!)le W$*ele-- S<-te! %52' The illustrations will +a e 6lain a si+6le an! ine56ensi<e a66aratus for

Si+6le Eireless Syste+ wireless telegra6hy 2y which I ha<e ha! no !ifficulty in sen!ing +essages across 1=1G$ +iles of water surface. It is so si+6le that the cuts scarcely nee! e56lanation. In *ig. 1 is seen the sen!ing a66aratus% consisting of a I0=cell 2attery connecte! with two co66er 6lates ') 2y ') 2y 1G8 in. The 6lates are se6arate! ) in. 2y a 6iece of har! ru22er at each en!. In *ig. $ are seen !u6licates of these insulate! 6lates% connecte! with an or!inary tele6hone recei<er. Eith this recei<er I can hear !istinctly the electric signals +a!e 2y closing an! o6ening the Morse ey in *ig. 1% an! I 2elie<e that in a short ti+e I shall 2e a2le to 6erfect this syste+ so as to sen! wireless +essages o<er long !istances. == .ontri2ute! 2y Du!ley H. .ohen% /ew -or . Sto) C* 3l$"# W te* Colo*- %52' To 6re<ent water colors fro+ crawling% a!! a few !ro6s of a++onia or li+e water% or a solution of sal so!a. S! ll Ele(t*$( l H<d*o#e" Ge"e* to* %52' ( s+all hy!rogen generator +ay 2e +a!e fro+ a fruit 8ar% ( :see s etch;% with two tu2es% B an! .% sol!ere! in the to6. The 6lates # can 2e +a!e of tin or gal<aniBe! iron% an! shoul! 2e se6arate! a2out 1G8 in. 2y s+all 6ieces of woo!. ,ne of these 6lates is connecte! to +etal to6% an! the wire fro+ the other 6asses through the tu2e B% which is fille! with +elte! rosin or wa5% to +a e it airtight. This wire connects to one si!e of a 2attery of two cells% the other wire 2eing sol!ere! to the +etal to6 of the 8ar% as shown. The 8ar is 6artly fille! with a <ery !ilute solution of sul6huric aci!% a2out 1 6art of aci! to $0 of water. Ehen the current of electricity 6asses 2etween the 6lates #% hy!rogen gas is generate!% which rises an! 6asses through the ru22er hose D% into the recei<er 9. This is a wi!e=+outh 2ottle% which is fille! with water an! in<erte! o<er a 6an of water% *.

Hy!rogen 9enerator The gas 2u22ling u6 !is6laces the water an! fills the 2ottle. If the recei<er is re+o<e! when half full of gas% the re+aining s6ace will 2e fille! with air% which will +i5 with the gas an! for+ an e56losi<e +i5ture. If a lighte! +atch

is then hel! near the +outh of the 2ottle a shar6 re6ort will 2e hear!. If the 2ottle is fitte! with a cor containing two wires nearly touching% an! the a66aratus connecte! with an in!uction coil% in such a +anner that a s6ar will 2e 6ro!uce! insi!e the 2ottle% the e56losion will 2lowout the cor or 6ossi2ly 2rea the 2ottle. .aution shoul! 2e use! to a<oi! 2eing struc 2y 6ieces of flying glass if this e56eri+ent is trie!% an! un!er no con!ition shoul! a lighte! +atch or s6ar 2e 2rought near the en! of the ru22er hose D% as the 6resence of a little air in the generator will +a e an e56losi<e +i5ture which woul! 6ro2a2ly 2rea the 8ar. G -ol$"e B4*"e* 0o* Model Wo*, %55' Ehen +a ing a s+all +o!el traction engine or a loco+oti<e the Juestion arises% NEhat shall the fuel 2eTN If you ha<e !eci!e! to use gasoline% then a suita2le 2urner is necessary. ( 6iece of 2rass tu2ing a2out ' in. in !ia+eter an! ) in. long with ca6s screwe! on 2oth en!s an! fitte! with a filling 6lug an! a 2icycle <al<e +a es a goo! gasoline su66ly tan % says the Mo!el #ngineer% 0on!on. The 2icycle <al<e is use! to gi<e the tan an air 6ressure which forces the gasoline to the 2urner. The 2urner is +a!e fro+ a 6iece of 2rass tu2e% (% as is shown in the illustration% 1G$ in. in !ia+eter an! $=1G$ in. long% which is 6lugge! u6 at 2oth en!s% one en! 2eing !rille! an! rea+e! out to LG1) in. Three rows of holes 1G1) in. in !ia+eter are !rille! in the 2rass tu2e. ,ne row is !rille! to co+e !irectly on to6% an! the other two at a2out IL !egrees fro+ the <ertical. It is then fitte! to a sheet steel 2ase% B% 2y +eans of the cli6s% . .% *ig. 1. ( 6iece of 1G8=in. co66er 6i6e% 7% is then coile! aroun! the 2rass tu2e% (% which for+s the <a6oriBing coil. This coil shoul! ha<e a !ia+eter

9asoline Burner of only 1 in. ,ne en! of the co66er tu2e is 2ent aroun! so it will 6oint !irectly into the rea+e!=out hole in the en! of the 2rass tu2e% (. ( ni66le% /% is +a!e 2y !rilling a 1G8= in. hole halfway through a 6iece of 2rass an! ta66ing to screw on the en! of the 1G8=in. co66er 6i6e. ( 1G)I=in. hole is then !rille! through the re+aining 6art of the ni66le. The other en! of the co66er tu2e is connecte! to the su66ly tan . The !istance 2etween the ni66le% /% an! the en!s of the tu2e% (% shoul! 2e only LG1) of an inch. *ig. $ shows the en! <iew. A Ho!e! de Tele)8o"e Re(e$1e* %55' ( tele6hone recei<er that will !o goo! wor +ay 2e 2uilt <ery chea6ly as follows4 *or the case use an or!inary 1G$=l2. 2a ing=6ow!er 2o5 with a 6iece of hea<y wire sol!ere! on the insi!e% 1=LG1) in. fro+ the 2otto+. *or the +agnet use a 6iece of roun! har!ene! steel a2out 'G8 in. in !ia+eter an! 1=1GI in. long. If !esire!% a 6iece of an ol! roun! file +ay 2e use! for the +agnet core% which shoul! 2e +agnetiBe! 6re<ious to asse+2ling% either 2y 6assing a current of electricity aroun! it% or 2y !irect contact with another +agnet. The steel core shoul! 2e woun! with a2out $L0 ft. of /o. ') insulate! wire% the en!s of which shoul! 2e sol!ere! to a 6iece of

la+6 cor!% 6asse! through a hole in the 2otto+ of the can an! notte! insi!e to 6re<ent 6ulling out. ( !is of thin sheet=iron% such as is use! 2y 6hotogra6hers for tinty6es :*erroty6e;% shoul! 2e cut to the !ia+eter of the can% ta ing care not to 2en! the iron. The +agnet shoul! then 2e 6lace! in the 2otto+ of the can in an u6right 6osition an! enough of a +elte! +i5ture of 2eeswa5 an! resin 6oure! in to hol! it in 6osition. Ehile the wa5 is still in a 6lastic con!ition the +agnet shoul! 2e locate! centrally an! a!8uste! so that the en! will 2e 1G1) in. or less 2elow the le<el of the to6 of the co66er ring. (fter the wa5 has har!ene! the !is is sli66e! in an! fastene! tightly 2y a ring of sol!er when the instru+ent is rea!y for use. Ho3 to B$"d M # A$"e- %56' (n easy way to 2in! 7o6ular Mechanics in <olu+es of si5 +onths each is to arrange the +agaBines in or!er an! tie the+ securely 2oth ways with a strong cor!. It is well to 6ut two or three sheets of tough white 6a6er% cut to the siBe of the 6ages% at the front an! 2ac for fly lea<es. .la+6 the whole in a <ise or cla+6 with two stri6s of woo! e<en with the 2ac e!ges of the +agaBines. Eith a shar6 saw cut a slit in the +agaBines an! woo! stri6s a2out 1G$ in. !ee6 an! slanting as shown at ( an! B% *ig. 1. Ta e two stri6s of stout cloth% a2out 8 or 10 in. long an! as wi!e as the !istance 2etween the 2otto+s of the sawe! slits. 0ay these o<er the 2ac e!ge of the 6ac an! tie securely through the slits with a string threa!==wra66ing an! tying se<eral ti+es :.% *ig. $;. If you ha<e access to a 6rinterCs 6a6er nife% tri+ 2oth en!s an! the front e!geH this +a es a +uch nicer 2oo % 2ut if the 6a6er nife cannot 2e use!% cla+6 the whole 2etween two 2oar!s an! saw off the e!ges% 2oar!s an! all% s+oothly% with a fine saw. .ut four 6ieces of car!2oar!% 1GI in. longer an! 1GI in. narrower than the +agaBines after they ha<e 2een tri++e!. 0ay one 6iece of the 2oar! on the 2oo an! un!er the cloth stri6s. 1se or!inary flour 6aste an! 6aste the stri6s to the car!2oar! an! then ru2 6aste all o<er the to6 of the stri6s an! the 2oar!. Du2 6aste o<er one si!e of another 6iece of 2oar! an! 6ut it on to6 of the first 2oar! an! stri6s% 6ressing !own fir+ly so that the stri6s are hel! securely 2etween the two 2oar!s. Turn the 2oo o<er an! !o the sa+e with the other two 2oar!s. (fter the 6aste has !rie! a few +inutes ta e a 6iece of strong cloth% !uc or linen% fol! an! cut it 1 in. larger all aroun! than the 2oo % lea<ing the fol!e! e!ge uncut. Du2 6aste o<er one of the 2oar! 2ac s an! lay one en! of the cloth on it% s+oothing an! creasing as shown at (% *ig. '. Turn the 2oo o<er an! 6aste the other si!e. The 2ac e!ges shoul! ha<e a goo! coat of 6aste an! a stri6 of 6a6er

7rocess of Ho+e+a!e Bin!ing the wi!th of the thic ness of the 6ac 6aste! on 2efore 6asting the cloth to the secon! 2oar! 2ac . .ut off the corners an! fol! o<er the e!ges of the cloth% 6asting the+ !own :*ig. I;. Du2 6aste on one si!e of a fly leaf an! 6ress the 2ac !own on it. Turn the 2oo o<er an! 6aste a fly leaf to the other 2ac after the e!ges of the cloth ha<e 2een fol!e! !own. The 2ac s +ust not 2e o6ene! until the fly lea<es are thoroughly !ry. Tri+ an! tuc in the en!s of the stri6 at the 2ac e!ge. Ehen fi5e! this way your +agaBines +a e one of the +ost <alua2le <olu+es you can 6ossi2ly a!! to your li2rary of +echanical 2oo s. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Jose6h /. 7ar er% Be!for! .ity% Va. A Ho!e! de A(et<le"e7G - Ge"e* to* %57' ( si+6le acetylene=gas generator use! 2y +yself for se<eral years when

out on ca+6ing tri6s was +a!e of a gal<aniBe! iron tan % without a hea!% 18 in. in !ia+eter an! '0 in. !ee6% B% as shown in the s etch. (nother tan % (% is +a!e the sa+e !e6th as B% 2ut its !ia+eter is a little s+aller% so that in<erte! it will 8ust sli6 easily into the tan B. In the 2otto+% or rather the to6 now% of tan ( is cut a hole% an! a little can% D% is fitte! in it an! sol!ere!. ,n to6 an! o<er can D is sol!ere! a large tin can screw. ( ru22er washer is fitte! on this so that when the screw to6% #% is turne! on it% the 8oint will 2e gas tight. (nother can% .% which will 8ust sli6 insi!e the little can% is 6erforate! with a nu+2er of holes. This can . is fille! a2out half full of 2ro en 6ieces of car2i!e an! then 6lace! in the little can D. ( gas coc % H% is sol!ere! onto tan (% as shown% fro+ which the gas +ay 2e ta en through a ru22er tu2e. *ill tan B with water an! set tan ( into it. This will cause so+e air to 2e enclose!% which can 2e release! 2y lea<ing the coc o6en until tan ( settles !own to the 6oint where the water will 2egin to run in the 6erfora= tions of the little tan . The water then co+es in contact with the car2i!e an! for+s gas% which e56an!s an! sto6s the lowering of tan (. Then the coc +ust 2e close! an! tu2ing attache!. It is !angerous to atte+6t to stri e a +atch to light a 8et or the en! of the coc while air is esca6ing an! 8ust as the first gas is 2eing +a!e. Eait until the tan is well raise! u6 2efore !oing this. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Ja+es #. /o2le% Toronto% ,nt.

Ho!e! de A""4"($ to* %57' Ehen one electric 2ell is o6erate! fro+ two 6ush=2uttons it is i+6ossi2le to tell which of the two 6ush=2uttons is 2eing o6erate! unless an annunciator or si+ilar !e<ice is use!. ( <ery si+6le annunciator for in!icating two nu+2ers can 2e +a!e fro+ a s+all 2o5% *ig. 1% with an electric=2ell +agnet% (% fastene! in the 2otto+. The ar+ature% B% is 6i<ote! in the center 2y +eans of a s+all 6iece of wire an! has an in!icator or han!% .% which +o<es to either right or left% !e6en!ing on which half of the +agnet is +agnetiBe!. If the 2ac ar+ature% D% of the +agnet is re+o<e! the +o<ing ar+ature will wor 2etter% as this will 6re<ent the +agnetis+ fro+ acting on 2oth en!s of the ar+ature. The wiring !iagra+% *ig. $% shows how the connections are to 2e +a!e. If the 6ush2utton ( is close!H the 2ell will ring an! the 6ointer will 6oint at 1%

(nnuciator an! Eiring Diagra+ while the closing of the 6ush=2utton B will ring the 2ell an! +o<e the 6ointer to $. == .ontri2ute! 2y H. S. Bott% Be<erly% /. J. Ho3 to M ,e Bo9 >$te %58'

(s so+e of the rea!ers of (+ateur Mechanics +ay !esire to 2uil! a 2o5 ite% a si+6le +etho! of constructing one of the +o!ern ty6e is gi<en in !etail as follows4 The stic s shoul! 2e +a!e of straight graine! woo!% which +ay 2e either s6ruce% 2asswoo! or white 6ine. The longitu!inal corner s6ines% ( (% shoul! 2e 'G8 in. sJuare 2y I$ in. long% an! the four !iagonal struts% B% shoul! 2e 1GI in. 2y 1G$ in.% an! a2out $) in. long. Two cloth 2an!s shoul! 2e +a!e to the e5act !i+ensions gi<en in the s etch an! fastene! to the four longitu!inal stic s with 1 oB. tac s. It is well to +ar the 6ositions of the stic s on the cloth 2an!s% either with a soft lea!=6encil or crayon% in or!er to ha<e the four si!es of each 2an! e5actly eJual. The en!s of the 2an!s shoul! 2e la66e! o<er at least 1G$ in. an! sewe! !ou2le to gi<e e5tra strength% an! the e!ges shoul! 2e carefully he++e!% +a ing the wi!th% when finishe!% e5actly 1$ in. 7ro2a2ly the 2est cloth for this 6ur6ose is nainsoo % although lons!ale ca+2ric or lightweight 6ercaline will answer nearly as well. The !iagonal struts% B% shoul! 2e cut a little too long% so that they will 2e slightly 2owe! when 6ut in 6osition% thus hol!ing the cloth out taut an! flat. They shoul! 2e tie! together at the 6oints of intersection an! the en!s shoul! 2e woun! with coarse harness +a erCs threa!% as shown at .% to 6re<ent s6litting. The s+all guar!s% D% are naile! or glue! to the longitu!inal stic s to 6re<ent the struts sli66ing out of 6osition. ,f course the en!s of the struts coul! 2e fastene! to the longitu!inal stri6s if !esire!% 2ut if +a!e as !escri2e! the ite +ay 2e rea!ily ta en a6art an! rolle! u6 for con<enience in carrying. The 2ri!le nots% #% are shown in !etail at H an! J. H is a sJuare not% which +ay 2e easily loosene! an! shifte! to a !ifferent 6osition on the 2ri!le% thus a!8usting the

lengths of * an! 9. ( 2owline not shoul! 2e tie! at J% as shown% to 6re<ent sli66ing. If the ite is use! in a light win!% loosen the sJuare not an! shift nearer to 9% thus shortening 9 an! lengthening *% an! if a strong win! is 2lowing% shift towar! *% there2y lengthening 9 an! +a ing * shorter. In a <ery strong win! !o not use the 2ri!le% 2ut fasten a string securely to the stic at F. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #!w. #. Har2ert% .hicago.

Detail of Bo5 Fite L4.*$( t$"# C !e* S84tte* %58'

(n e56erience! 6hotogra6her uses 2lac lea! Rgra6hiteS for groo<es a2out a ca+era or hol!er. ( s+all Juantity is ru22e! well into the groo<es an! on the e!ges of shutters% that refuse to sli!e easily% with gratifying results. .are +ust 2e ta en to allow no !ust to settle in the hol!ers% howe<er. S$!)le O)e"7C$*(4$t Tele#* )8 L$"e %5:' By using the circuit shown in the s etch for short=!istance telegra6h lines% the e5tra switches an! wiring foun! in +any circuits are !one away with. .losing either ey will o6erate 2oth soun!ers% an!% as the resistance of

Si+6le Telegra6h 0ine the soun!ers is <ery high% the 2atteries !o not run !own for a long ti+e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (. D. Sto!!ar!% .lay .enter% Fan. Ho3 to M ,e T8e*!o B tte*< %5:'

( ther+o 2attery% for 6ro!ucing electricity !irect fro+ heat% can 2e +a!e of a woo!en

fra+e% (% with a nu+2er of nails% B% !ri<en in the <ertical 6iece an! connecte! in series with hea<y co66er wires% .. The connections shoul! all 2e sol!ere! to gi<e goo! results% as the <oltage is

Ther+o Battery <ery low an! the resistance of an unsol!ere! 8oint woul! sto6 the current. The heat +ay 2e su66lie! 2y an alcohol la+6 or other !e<ice% an! the current +ay then 2e !etecte! 2y +eans% of a si+6le gal<ano+eter consisting of a sJuare s6ool of /o. 1I or /o. 1) single=co<ere! wire% #% with a 6oc et co+6ass% *% 6lace! on to6. Turn the s6ool in a north an! south !irection% or 6arallel with the co+6ass nee!le. Then% when the nail hea!s are heate! an! the circuit co+6lete!% the nee!le will swing aroun! it at right angles to the coils of wire. (66lying ice or col! water to the nail hea!s will re<erse the current. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (. .. (.% .hicago. Ho3 to D$-(8 *#e To< C ""o" .< Ele(t*$($t< %5:'

( !e<ice for !ischarging a toy cannon 2y electricity can 2e easily +a!e 2y using three or four !ry 2atteries% a switch an! a s+all in!uction coil

#lectrical (ttach+ent for Discharging Toy .annon ca6a2le of gi<ing a 1G8=in. s6ar . *asten a 6iece of woo!% (% to the cannon% 2y +eans of +achine screws or% if there are no trunnions on the cannon% the woo! +ay 2e +a!e in the sha6e of a ring an! sli66e! on o<er the +uBBle. The fuse hole of the cannon is counter2ore! as shown an! a s+all hole is !rille! at one si!e to recei<e a s+all 6iece of co66er wire% #. The woo! screw% .% nearly touches # an! is connecte! to one 2in!ing 6ost of the in!uction coil. The other 2in!ing 6ost is connecte! with the woo! screw% D% which con!ucts the current into the cannon% an! also hol!s the 6ieces of woo!% ( an! B% in 6osition. Ehen the cannon is loa!e!% a s+all Juantity of 6ow!er is 6lace! in the counter2ore% an! the s6ar 2etween . an! # ignites this an! !ischarges the cannon. ( cannon +ay 2e fire! fro+ a !istance in this way% an! as there is no !anger of any s6ar re+aining after

the current is shut off% it is safer than the or!inary cannon which is fire! 2y +eans of a fuse. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Henry 7ec % Big Da6i!s% Mich. S$!)le Ele(t*$( Lo(, %60' The illustration shows an auto+atic loc o6erate! 2y electricity% reJuiring a strong +agnet% 2ut no weights or strings% which greatly si+6lifies the !e<ice o<er +any others of the in!.

0oc ,6erate! 2y a Magnet The weight of the long ar+% 0% is 8ust a trifle greater than the co+2ine! weights of the short ar+s% ( an! S. The fulcru+ of the le<er is at .% where there is a sta6le. The le<er swings on one ar+ of the sta6le an! the other ar+ is so 6lace! that when the le<er is in an u6right 6osition% with the long ar+ at 0C% it will not fall 2ecause of its greater weight 2ut stays in the 6osition shown. The 6ur6ose of this is to lea<e the short ar+% (% when in 6osition at (C% within the reach of the +agnet. (r+ 0 rests on an 0=sha6e! hoo % HH in this 6osition the !oor is loc e!. To unloc the !oor% 6ress the 2utton% B. The +o+entu+ acJuire! fro+ the +agnet 2y the short ar+s% ( an! S% is sufficient to +o<e the long ar+ u6 to the 6osition of 0C. To loc the !oor% 6ress the 2utton an! the +o+entu+ acJuire! fro+ the +agnet 2y the short ar+s% now at (C an! SC% is sufficient to +o<e the long ar+ !own fro+ 0C to the 6osition at 0. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Ben8a+in Fu2els y% .hicago. D$*e(t7Co""e(ted Re1e*-e 0o* S! ll Moto*- %60' ( si+6le re<erse for s+all +otors can 2e attache! !irectly to the +otor as shown in *ig. 1. *ig. $ shows the construction of the re<erse 2loc 4 ( is a stri6 of walnut LG8 in. sJuare an! 'G8 in. thic with stri6s of 2rass or co66er :BB; attache! as shown. Holes :..; are !rille! for the wire connections an! they +ust 2e flush with the surface of the 2loc . ( hole for a 1G$ in. screw is 2ore! in the 2loc . In *ig. 1% D is a thin stri6 of walnut or other !ense% har! woo! fitte! to the 2in!ing 6osts of the 2rush hol!ers% to recei<e the screw in the center. Before 6utting the re<erse 2loc on the +otor% re+o<e all the connections 2etween the lower 2in!ing 6osts an! the 2rush hol!ers an! connect 2oth en!s of the fiel! coil to the lower 6osts. Ben! the stri6s BB :*ig. $; to the 6ro6er 6osition to +a e a wi6ing contact with the nuts hol!ing the stri6 of woo! D% *ig. 1. 7ut the screw in tight enough to +a e the 2loc turn a little har!. .onnect as shown in the illustration. To re<erse% turn the 2loc so the stri6s change connections an! the +otor will !o the rest. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Jose6h B. Feil% Marion% ,hio.

Direct=.onnecte! De<erse A H "d< I(e C8$-el %6&' *ishing through the ice is great s6ort% 2ut cutting the first holes 6re6aratory to setting the lines is not always an easy tas . The ice chisel here !escri2e! will 2e foun! <ery han!y% an! +ay 2e +a!e at <ery slight e56ense. In the to6 of an ol! a5=hea! !rill a &G1)=in. hole% an! then ta6 it for a 'G8=in. gas=6i6e% a2out 18 in. long. Threa! the other en! of the 6i6e% an! screw on

.o+2ination (5 an! Ice .hisel an ol! snow=sho<el han!le. Ehen rea!y for use% screw the two 6ieces together an! you ha<e your chisel co+6lete. ( short a5=han!le +ay 2e inclu!e! in the outfit. Ehen the holes are finishe! an! your lines set% unscrew the 6i6e fro+ the hea! of the a5% 6ut in the han!le% an! your a5 is rea!y to cut the woo! to ee6 your fire going. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. J. Dan!% Eest So+er<ille% Mass. Mo*e U-e- 0o* P$)e F$tt$"#- %6&' It woul! see+ that the nu+2er of useful articles that can 2e +a!e fro+ 6i6es an! fittings is unli+ite!. The s etch shows two +ore that +ay 2e a!!e! to the list. ( an! B are front an! si!e <iews of a la+6=screen% an! . is a !u+22ell. The la+6 sha!e is 6articularly useful for sha!ing the eyes when rea!ing or writing an!% if ena+ele! white on the conca<e si!e% +a es an e5cellent reflector for !rawing at night% or for +icrosco6ic wor . The stan!ar! an! 2ase% consisting of an or!inary 6i6e flange 2ushe! !own to recei<e the u6right ni66le% are ena+ele! a 8et 2lac % an! if the !e<ice is to 2e use! on a 6olishe! ta2le% a 6iece of felt shoul! 2e glue! to the 2otto+. ( goo! way to hol! the fan in the ni66le is to use a s+all we!ge. The !u+22ells are +a!e of short 6ieces of 'GI=in. 6i6e with 1=$=in. cou6lings fastene! to each en! 2y 6ouring +elte! lea! in the s6ace 2etween the 6i6es an! the cou6lings. The a66earance is greatly i+6ro<e! 2y ena+eling 2lac % an! if !esire! the han!les +ay

2e co<ere! with leather. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. #. Earren% M. D.% /orth #aston% Mass.

0a+6 Sha!e an! Du+22ell Se l$"#7W 9 Be"t W8$le Cold %6&' If a 6iece of sealing=wa5 is su66orte! in a horiBontal 6osition 2y one en!% as shown at ( in the s etch% it will gra!ually 2en! to the sha6e in!icate! 2y the !otte! lines B. To atte+6t 2en!ing it with the han!s woul! result in 2rea ing it unless a stea!y 6ressure were a66lie! for a long ti+e. This 6eculiar 6ro6erty is also foun! in ice.

Ben!ing .ol! Sealing=Ea5 Ho!e! de Potte*< >$l" %6+' ( s+all iln for 2a ing clay figures +ay 2e 2uilt at a cost of K1. The following shows the general 6lan of such a iln which has stoo! the test of $00 firings% an! which is goo! for any wor reJuiring less than 1I00V .. 9et an iron 6ail a2out 1 ft. high 2y 1 ft. across% with a co<er. (ny ol! 6ail which is thic enough will !o% while a new one will cost a2out 80 cents. In the 2otto+ of this cut a $=in. roun! hole an! close it with a cor or woo! 6lug% (% *ig. 1% which shall 6ro8ect at least $ in. insi!e the 6ail. Ma e a cylin!rical core of woo!% B% *ig. 1% 8 in. long an! 8 in. across. Ma e a

Ho+e+a!e 7ottery Filn

+i5ture of clay% )0WH san!% 1LWH an! gra6hite% $LW% nea!ing thoroughly in water to a goo! +ol!ing consistency. 0ine the 6ail% 2otto+ an! si!es% with hea<y 6a6er an! co<er the core with sa+e. /ow 6ac the 2otto+ of the 6ail thoroughly with a $=in. layer of the clay +i5ture% an! on it set the 6a6er wra66e! core% carefully centering it. The $ in. of s6ace 2etween the core an! the si!es of the 6ail all aroun! is to 2e fille! with clay% .% as is shown in the s etch% using a little at a ti+e an! 6ac ing it <ery tight. In li e +anner +a e the co<er of the iln% cutting the hole a little s+aller% a2out 1 in. (t the e!ge or ri+ of the co<er encircle a $=in. stri6 of sheet iron% #% *ig. $% to hol! the clay +i5ture% .. Set asi!e for a few !ays until well !rie!. Ehile these are !rying you +ay 2e +a ing a +uffle% if there is to 2e any glaBing !one. This is a clay cylin!er :*ig. '; with false to6 an! 2otto+% in which the 6ottery to 2e glaBe! is 6rotecte! fro+ any s+o e or !ust. It is 6lace! insi!e the iln% setting on any con<enient 2loc s which will 6lace it +i!way. The walls of the +uffle shoul! 2e a2out 1G$ in. thic % an! the !i+ensions shoul! allow at least 1 in. of s6ace all aroun! for the 6assage of heat 2etween it an! the walls of the iln. By the ti+e the clay of the iln is well !rie!% it will 2e foun! that it has all shrun away fro+ the iron a2out 'G8 in. (fter re+o<ing all the 6a6er% 6ac this s6ace=to6% 2otto+ an! si!es=with +oist groun! as2estos. If the co<er of the 6ail has no ri+% it +ay 2e fastene! to the as2estos an! clay lining 2y 6unching a few holes% 6assing wire nails through an! clinching the+. *it all the 6arts together snugly% ta e out the 6lugs in the to6 an! 2otto+% an! your iln is rea!y for 2usiness. The han!le of the 6ail will 2e con<enient for +o<ing it a2out% an! it can 2e set on three 2ric s or so+e +ore ela2orate su66ort% as !ictate! 2y fancy an! e56ense. The te+6erature reJuire! for 2a ing earthenware is 1$L0V=1'10V% ..%H hotel china% 1''0VH har! 6orcelain% 1'&0V=1I10V. These te+6eratures can not 2e o2taine! in the a2o<e iln 2y +eans of the or!inary Bunsen 2urner. If will 2e necessary either to 2uy the largest siBe Bunsen% or +a e one yourself% if you ha<e the +aterials. If you can get a cone which can 2e screwe! into an inch 6i6e% file the o6ening of the cone to 1G1) in. !ia+eter% an! 8ac et the whole with a $=1G$=in. 6i6e. The fla+e en! of this 2urner tu2e shoul! 2e a2out I=1G$ in. a2o<e the cone o6ening an! shoul! 2e co<ere! with gauBe to 6re<ent fla+e fro+ sna66ing 2ac . Ehen lighte!% the 6oint of the 2lue fla+e% which is the hottest 6art% shoul! 2e 8ust in the hole in the 2otto+ of the iln. Such a 2urner will 2e chea6ly +a!e an! will furnish a iln te+6erature of 1I00 !egrees% 2ut it will 2urn a great !eal of gas. ( 6lu+2erCs torch of +e!iu+ siBe will cost +ore in the 2eginning% 2ut will 2e chea6er in o6eration. Ehate<er 2urner is use!% the firing shoul! 2e gra!ual% an! with es6ecial caution the first ti+e. By e56eri+ent you will fin! that a higher te+6erature is o2taine! 2y 6lacing a 1=in. 6i6e $=ft. long o<er the li! hole as a chi+ney. It woul! 2e still +ore effecti<e to get another iron 6ail% $ in. wi!er than the iln% an! get a !own !raft 2y in<erting it o<er the iln at whate<er height 6ro<es +ost suita2le.=9. 0. E. Ho3 to M ,e S! ll Med$( l I"d4(t$o" Co$l %6/'

The coil to 2e !escri2e! is '=1G$ in.% full length of iron core% an! 'GI in. in !ia+eter. 7rocure a 2un!le of s+all iron wire% say 1GI in. in !ia+eter% an! cut it '=1G$ in. longH 2in! neatly with coarse threa! an! file the en!s s+ooth :*ig. 1;. This !one% +a e two woo! en!s% 1=1GI 2y 1=1GI in. an! 'G8 in. thic % an! <arnish. Bore holes in the center of each so the core will fit in snugly an! lea<e a2out 1GI in. 6ro8ecting fro+ each en! :*ig. 1;. (fter finishing the core% shellac two layers of thic 6a6er o<er it 2etween the en!sH let this !ry thoroughly. Ein! two layers of 2ell +agnet wire o<er this% allowing se<eral inches of free wire to co+e through a hole in the en!. .o<er with 6a6er an! shellac as 2efore. Ein! a2out 1G8 in. of fine wire% such

Me!ical In!uction .oil as use! on tele6hone generators% aroun! the coil% lea<ing long ter+inals. Soa the whole in +elte! 6araffin an! let coolH 2in! tightly with 2lac sil . The <i2rator is +a!e of a 6iece of thin tin to which is sol!ere! the hea! of an iron screw an! on the other si!e a s+all 6iece of 6latinu+% which can 2e ta en fro+ an ol! electric 2ell :*ig. $;. ,f course% a regulator +ust 2e ha! for the <i2ratorH this can 2e acco+6lishe! 2y 2en!ing a stout 6iece of co66er wire as shown. The connections an! the 2ase for setting u6 are shown in the figures. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. T. D.% Eashington% D. .. Me(8 "$( l T*$(, W$t8 C *d- %6/' The following +echanical car! tric is easy to 6re6are an! si+6le to 6erfor+4 *irst% 6rocure a new !ec % an! !i<i!e it into two 6iles% one containing the re! car!s an! the other the 2lac ones% all car!s facing the sa+e way. Ta e the re! car!s% sJuare the+ u6 an! 6lace in a <ise. Then% with a 6lane% 6lane off the u66er right han! corner an! lower left han! corner% as in *ig. 1% a2out 1G1) in. Then ta e the 2lac car!s% sJuare the+ u6% an! 6lane off a2out 1G1) in. on the u66er left han! corner an! lower right han! corner% as in *ig. $. /e5t restore all the car!s to one 6ac % ta ing care to ha<e the first car! re!% the ne5t 2lac % an! so on% e<ery alternate car! 2eing the sa+e color. Ben! the 6ac so as to gi<e so+e s6ring to the car!s% an! 2y hol!ing one thu+2 on the u66er left=han! corner

.ar! Tric all the car!s will a66ear re! to the au!ienceH 6lace thu+2 in the center at to6 of 6ac an! they will a66ear +i5e!% re! an! 2lac H with thu+2 on u66er right=han! corner all car!s a6= 6ear 2lac . -ou can !is6lay either color calle! for. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Dal6h 9ingrich% .hicago. Ho3 to M ,e R $" G 4#e %62'

(n accurate rain gauge +ay 2e easily constructe! fro+ gal<aniBe! iron% as shown in the s etch herewith. The funnel% (% o<erla6s an! rests on the 2o!y% B% an! !ischarges into the tu2e% .% the area of which is one=tenth that of the to6 of the funnel. The !e6th of the water in . is thus ten ti+es the actual rainfall% so that 2y +easuring it with a stic +ar e! off in tenths of an inch% we o2tain the result in hun!re!ths of an inch. ( goo! siBe to +a e the rain gauge is as follows4 (% 8 in. !ia+eterH .% $.L' in. H length of

.% a2out $0 in. It shoul! 2e 6lace! in an e56ose! location% so that no inaccuracy will occur fro+ win! currents. To fin! the fall of snow% 6our a nown Juantity

Dain 9auge of war+ water on the snow containe! in the funnel an! !e!uct the Juantity 6oure! in fro+ the total a+ount in the tu2e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Thurston Hen!ric son% 0ong Branch% /.J. Ho3 to M ,e " A=4 *$4! %62' In +a ing an aJuariu+% the first thing to !eci!e on is the siBe. It is well not to atte+6t 2uil!ing a <ery large one% as the !ifficulties increase with the siBe. ( goo! siBe is 1$ 2y 1$ 2y $0 in.% an! this is ine56ensi<e to 2uil!. *irst 2uy one length of 'GI 2y 1G8=in. angle iron for the fra+e% *% *ig. 1. This can 2e o2taine! at any steel sho6 an! shoul! cost a2out $0 cents. (ll the horiBontal 6ieces% B% shoul! 2e 2e<ele! ILV at the en!s an! !rille! for 'G1) in. sto<e 2olts. The 2e<eling +ay 2e !one 2y roughing out with a hac saw an! finishing with a file. (fter all the 6ieces are cut an! 2e<ele! they shoul! 2e !rille! at the en!s for the 'G1)=in. sto<e 2olts% .. Drill all the horiBontal 6ieces% B% first an! then +ar the holes on the u6right 6ieces% (% through the holes alrea!y !rille!% thus +a ing all the holes coinci!e. Mar the en!s of each 6iece with a figure or letter% so that when they are asse+2le!% the sa+e en!s will co+e together again. The u6right 6ieces% (% shoul! 2e countersun as shown in the !etail% an! then the fra+e is rea!y to asse+2le. (fter the fra+e has 2een asse+2le! ta e it to glaBier an! ha<e a 2otto+ +a!e of s ylight glass% an! si!es an! en!s of !ou2le=thic win!ow glass. The 2otto+ glass shoul! 2e a goo! fit% 2ut the si!es an! en!s shoul! 2e +a!e slightly shorter to allow the ce+ent% #% to for+ a !o<etail 8oint as shown. Ehen the glass is 6ut in the fra+e a s6ace% D% will 2e foun! 2etween the glass an! the horiBontal 6ieces% B% of the fra+e. If this were allowe! to re+ain the 6ressure of the water woul! s6ring the glass an! cause a lea at #H so it is fille! u6 with 6laster of 6aris. The ce+ent% #% is +a!e as follows4 Ta e 1 gill of 6laster of 6aris% 1 gill of litharge% 1 gill of fine white san!% an! 1G' of a gill of finely 6ow!ere! rosin. Mi5 well an! a!! 2oile! linsee! oil an! tur6entine until as thic as 6utty. 0et

Detail of (Juariu+ *ra+e the ce+ent !ry three or four !ays 2efore 6utting any water in the aJuariu+. In choosing stoc for the aJuariu+ it shoul! 2e re+e+2ere! that a sufficient Juantity of <egeta2le life is reJuire! to furnish o5ygen for the fish. In a well 2alance! aJuariu+ the water reJuires renewal only two or three ti+es a year. It is well to ha<e an e5cess of 6lants an! a nu+2er of snails% as the snails will !e<our all the !ecaying <egeta2le +atter which woul! otherwise 6oison the water an! ill the fish.

(Juariu+ *inishe! If !esire!% a center6iece :(% *ig. $; can 2e +a!e of colore! stones hel! together 2y ce+ent% an! an in<erte! 8ar can 2e su66orte! in the 6osition shown at B. If the +outh of the 8ar is 2elow the surface of the water it will stay fille! an! allow the fish to swi+ u6 insi!e as shown. So+e washe! 6e22les or gra<el shoul! 2e 6lace! on the 2otto+% an!% if !esire!% a few .hinese lilies or other 6lants +ay 2e 6lace! on the center6iece. Ho!e! de P"e4! t$( Lo(, %65' Mount an ol! 2icycle han!=6u+6% (% on the !oor 2y +eans of a +etal 6late% B% ha<ing a swinging connection at .. *asten the le<er% D% to the !oor no2% an! +a e a hinge connection with the 6u+6 2y +eans of a 6iece of sheet

7neu+atic Door=,6ener 2rass% #% sol!ere! to the en! of the cylin!er. (ll this a66aratus is on the insi!e of the !oor an! is connecte! 2y a s+all ru22er tu2e% *% to a secret +outh6iece 6lace! at so+e con<enient location. ( s+all 6iece of s6ring 2rass% screwe! to the !oor fra+e% will o6en the !oor a2out 1G$ in. when the o6erator 2lows in the +outh6iece% or if the !oor is within reach of the +outh6iece% the o6erator +ay 6ush the !oor at the sa+e ti+e that he 2lows% thus !oing away with the s6ring% which is only use! to ee6 the !oor fro+ reloc ing. ,ne way of +a ing the air connection with the outsi!e is to 2en! the tu2e * aroun! an! stic it through the eyhole. *ew 2urglars woul! e<er thin to 2low in the eyhole. ==.ontri2ute! 2y ,rton #. Ehite% Buffalo% /. -. A Ho!e! de W te* Moto* %66' By MDS. 7(10 S. EI/T#D In these !ays of +o!ern i+6ro<e+ents% +ost houses are eJui66e! with a washing +achine% an! the Juestion that arises in the +in! of the househol!er is how to furnish the 6ower to run it econo+ically. I referre! this Juestion to +y hus2an!% with the result that he 2uilt a +otor which 6ro<e! so <ery satisfactory that I 6re<aile! u6on hi+ to gi<e the rea!ers of (+ateur Mechanics a !escri6tion of it% ho6ing it +ay sol<e the sa+e Juestion for the+. ( +otor of this ty6e will !e<elo6 a2out 1G$ h6. with a water 6ressure of 70 l2. The 6ower !e<elo6e! is corres6on!ingly increase! or !ecrease! as the 6ressure e5cee!s or falls 2elow this. In the latter case the 6ower +ay 2e increase! 2y using a s+aller 6ulley. *ig. 1 is the +otor with one si!e re+o<e!% showing the 6a!!le=wheel in 6ositionH *ig. $ is an en! <iewH *ig. ' shows one of the 6a!!les% an! *ig. I shows the +etho! of sha6ing the 6a!!les. To +a e the fra+e% se<eral lengths of scantling ' in. wi!e 2y 1 in. thic :6refera2ly of har! woo!; are reJuire!. .ut two of the+ I ft. long% to for+ the +ain su6= 6orts of the fra+e% ((% *ig. 1 H another% $ ft. ) in. long% for the to6% B% *ig. 1H another% $) in. long% to for+ the slanting 6art% .% *ig. 1H an! another% D% a66ro5i+ately 1 ft.% accor!ing to the slant gi<en .. (fter nailing these together as shown in the illustration% nail two short stri6s on each si!e of the outlet% as at #% to ee6 the fra+e fro+ s6rea!ing. .ut two 6ieces '0 in. long. 0ay these on the si!es of the fra+e with their center lines along the line **% which is 1L in. fro+ the outsi!e to6 of the fra+e. They are shown in *ig. $ at 99. Do not fasten these 2oar!s now% 2ut +ar their 6osition on the fra+e. Two short 2oar!s 1 in. wi!e

Detail of Ho+e+a!e Eaterwheel 2y 1 in. thic :HH% *ig. $; an! another 1 in. 2y 1=1G$ in. :I% *ig. $; for+ a su2stantial 2ase. .ut the wheel fro+ sheet iron 1G1) in. thic % $I in. in !ia+eter. This can 2e !one roughly with ha++er an! chisel an! then s+oothe! u6 on an e+ery wheel% after which cut $I ra!ial slots 'GI in. !ee6 on its circu+ference 2y +eans of a hac saw. ,n each si!e of the wheel at the center fasten a rectangular 6iece of 1GI=in. iron ' 2y I in. an! secure it to the wheel 2y +eans of four ri<etsH after which !rill a LG8 in. hole through the e5act center of the wheel. .ut $I 6ieces of 1G'$=in. iron% 1=1G$ 2y $=1G$ in. These are the 6a!!les. Sha6e the+ 2y 6lacing one en! o<er a section of 1=in. 6i6e% an! ha++er 2owl sha6e! with the 6een of a ha++er% as shown in *ig. I. Then cut the+ into the sha6e shown in *ig. ' an! 2en! the ta6ere! en! in along the lines JJ% after which 6lace the+ in the slots of the wheel an! 2en! the si!es o<er to cla+6 the wheel. Drill 1G8=in. holes through the wheel an! si!es of the 6a!!les an! ri<et 6a!!les in 6lace. /e5t secure a LG8=in. steel shaft 1$ in. long to the wheel a2out 8 in. fro+ one en! 2y +eans of a ey. This is !one 2y cutting a groo<e in the shaft an! a corres6on!ing groo<e in the wheel an! fitting in a 6iece of +etal in or!er to secure the wheel fro+ turning in!e6en!ently of the shaft. 7rocure two collars or roun! 6ieces of 2rass :FF% *ig. $; with a LG8=in. hole through the+% an! fasten these to the shaft 2y +eans of set screws to 6re<ent it fro+ +o<ing lengthwise. Ma e the noBBle 2y ta ing a 6iece of 1G$=in. gal<aniBe! 6i6e '=1G$ in. long an! filling it with 2a22itt +etalH then !rill a 'G1)=in. hole through its center. Ma e this hole conical% ta6ering fro+ 'G1) in. to a full 1G$ in. This is 2est !one 2y using a sJuare ta6er rea+er. Then 6lace the noBBle in the 6osition shown in *ig. 1% which allows the strea+ of water to stri e the 2uc ets full in the center when they reach the 6osition farthest to the right. Ta e the si!e 6ieces% 99% an! !rill a 1=in. hole through their si!es centrally% an! a 1GI =in. hole fro+ the to6s to the 1=in. holes. *asten the+ in their 6ro6er 6osition% with the wheel an! shaft in 6lace% the shaft 6ro8ecting through the holes 8ust +entione!. /ow 2loc the wheelH that is% fasten it 2y +eans of we!ges or 2loc s of woo! until the shaft is e5actly in the center of the inch holes in the si!e 6ieces. .ut four !is s of car!2oar! to sli6 o<er the shaft an! large enough to co<er the inch holes. Two of these are to 2e insi!e an! two outsi!e of the fra+es :one to 2ear against each si!e of each cross6iece;. *asten these to the cross6ieces 2y +eans of tac s to hol! the+ securely. 7our +elte! 2a22itt +etal into the 1GI=in. hole to for+ the 2earings. Ehen it has coole!% re+o<e the car!2oar!% ta e !own the cross6ieces% an! !rill a 1G8=in. hole fro+ the to6 of the cross6ieces through the 2a22itt for an oil=hole. Secure sufficient sheet Binc to co<er the si!es of the fra+e. .ut the Binc to the sa+e sha6e as the fra+e an! let it e5ten! !own to the cross6ieces ##. Tac one si!e on. :It is well to tac stri6s of hea<y cloth == 2urla6 will !o == along the e!ges un!er the Binc to for+

a water=tight 8oint.; *asten the cross6iece o<er the Binc in its 6ro6er 6osition. Drill a hole through the Binc% using the hole in the cross6iece as a gui!e. Then 6ut the wheel in a central 6osition in the fra+e% tac the other si!e 6iece of Binc in 6lace an! 6ut the other cross6iece in 6lace. 7lace the two collars +entione! 2efore on the shaft% an! fasten so as to 2ear against the cross6ieces% in or!er to 6re<ent the wheel an! shaft fro+ +o<ing si!ewise. If the 2earings are now oile!% the shaft shoul! turn easily an! s+oothly. *asten a 6ulley I or ) in. in !ia+eter to the longest ar+ of the shaft. .onnect the noBBle to a water faucet 2y +eans of a 6iece of hoseH 6lace the outlet o<er a !rain% an! 2elt the +otor !irect to the washing=+achine% sewing +achine% ice=crea+ freeBer% !rill 6ress% !yna+o or any other +achinery reJuiring not +ore than 1G$ h6. This +otor has 2een in use in our house for two years in all of the a2o<e ways% an! has ne<er once faile! to gi<e 6erfect satisfaction. It is o2<ious that% ha! the wheel an! 6a!!les 2een +a!e of 2rass% it woul! 2e +ore !ura2le% 2ut as it woul! ha<e cost se<eral ti+es as +uch% it is a Juestion whether it woul! 2e +ore econo+ical in the en!. If sheet=iron is use!% a coat of hea<y 6aint woul! 6re<ent rust an! therefore 6rolong the life of the +otor. The +otor will soon 6ay for itself in the sa<ing of laun!ry 2ills. Ee use! to s6en! K1 a +onth to ha<e 8ust +y hus2an!Cs o<eralls !one at the laun!ry% 2ut now I 6ut the+ in the +achine% start the +otor% an! lea<e the+ for an hour or so. (t the en! of this ti+e they are 6erfectly clean% an! I ha<e notice! that they wear twice as long as when I sent the+ to the laun!ry. Ho3 to M ,e S$l8o4ette- %68' 7hotogra6hy in all 2ranches is truly a +ost a2sor2ing occu6ation. #ach of us who has a ca+era is constantly e56eri+enting% an! e<eryone of us is !elighte! when so+ething new is suggeste! for such e56eri+ents.

Ma ing a Silhouette with the .a+era To use a ca+era in +a ing silhouettes select a win!ow facing north if 6ossi2le% or if use! only at ti+es when the sun is not on it% any win!ow will !o% says the 7hotogra6hic Ti+es. Daise the win!ow sha!e half way% re+o<e any white curtains there +ay 2e% an! in the center of the lower 6ane of glass 6aste 2y the four corners a sheet of tissue 6a6er that is 6erfectly s+ooth an! Juite thic % as shown in the s etch at B. Dar en the rest of the win!ow% shutting out all light fro+ a2o<e an! the si!es. 7lace a chair so that after 2eing seate! the hea! of the su28ect will co+e 2efore the center of the tissue 6a6er% an! as near to it as 6ossi2le% an! when loo ing straight 2efore hi+ his face will 2e in clear 6rofile to the ca+era. Draw the sha!es of all other win!ows in the roo+. *ocus the ca+era carefully% getting a shar6 outline of the 6rofile on the screen. Do not sto6 !own the lens% as this +a es long e56osure necessary% an! the su28ect +ay +o<e. .orrect e56osure !e6en!s% of course% on the lens% light an! the 6late. But re+e+2er that a 2lac an! white negati<e is wante! with as little !etail in the features as 6ossi2le. The 2est 6late to use is a <ery slow one% or what is calle! a 6rocess 6late.

In !e<elo6ing get all 6ossi2le !ensity in the high lights% without !etail in the face% an! without fog. 7rinting is 2est !one on contrasty !e<elo6+ent 6a6er with !e<elo6er not too strong. The i!eal silhouette 6rint is a 6erfectly 2lac 6rofile on a white groun!. Eith a 6iece of 2lac 6a6er% any sha6e in sto66ing off 6rint +ay 2e +a!e as shown at . in the s etch. Ho3 to M ,e G l1 "o-(o)e %68'

( gal<anosco6e for !etecting s+all currents of electricity can 2e +a!e fro+ a coil of wire% (H a glass tu2e% B% full of waterH a core% .H an! a 2ase% D% with 2in!ing 6osts as shown. The core .% which is +a!e of iron an! cor % is a trifle lighter than the water it !is6laces an! will therefore nor+ally re+ain in the to6 of the tu2eH 2ut as soon as a current of electricity 6asses through the coil% the core is !rawn !own out of sight. The current reJuire! is <ery s+all% as the core is so nearly 2alance! that the least attraction will cause it to sin . The glass tu2e +ay 2e a test tu2e% as shown in *ig. $% or an e+6ty !e<elo6er tu2e. If one has neither a test tu2e nor !e<elo6er tu2e% an e+6ty 6ill 2ottle +ay 2e use!. The washers at the en!s of the coil can 2e +a!e of fi2er% har! ru22er% or woo!H or can 2e ta en fro+ an ol! +agnet. The 2ase +ay 2e +a!e of woo! or any other insulating +aterial an! shoul! ha<e four short legs on the 2otto+. Ma e the coil of single=co<ere! wire a2out /o. 18 an! connect en!s to 2in!ing 6osts as shown in *ig. $. The core is +a!e 2y 6ushing a s+all nail through a 6iece of cor . It shoul! 2e +a!e so that it will rise slowly when 6lace! un!er water. So+e filing +ay 2e necessary to get the weight 8ust right% 2ut it shoul! 2e re+e+2ere! that the 2uoyancy of the core can 2e a!8uste! after the 6arts are asse+2le!% 2y 6ressing the cor in the 2otto+ of the test tu2e. This causes co+6ression in the water so that so+e is force! into the u66er cor % re!ucing its !is6lace+ent an! causing it to sin . The lower cor is then slowly with!rawn% 2y twisting% until the core slowly rises.

9al<anosco6e The instru+ent will then 2e a!8uste! rea!y for use. .onnect the 2in!ing 6osts to a single cell of 2attery==any in! will !o% as a slight current will answer. ,n co+6leting

Interior View the circuit the core will !escen!H or 6ut in a switch or 6ush 2utton on one of the 2attery wires. If the 2utton 2e conceale! where the o6erator can reach it% the core will o2ey his co++an! to rise or fall% accor!ing to his control of the current. This is a +ysterious loo ing instru+ent% the core 2eing +o<e! without <isi2le connection to any other 6art. L4.*$( t$"# S8eet Met l %6:' To lu2ricate sheet +etal +i5 1 Jt. whale oil% 1 l2. white lea!% 1 6t. water an! ' oB. finest gra6hite. (66ly with a 2rush 2efore the +etal enters the !ies. A" O)t$( l To) %6:' ,ne of the latest o6tical !elusions% an! one not easy to e56lain% is Benha+Cs color to6. .ut out the 2lac an! white !is shown in the figure% an! 6aste on a 6iece of stiff car!2oar!. Tri+ the e!ges of the car!2oar! to +atch the sha6e of the !is % an! +a e a 6inhole in the center. .ut the 6in in half an! 6ush it through fro+ the un!er si!e until the hea! of the 6in touches the car!2oar!. S6in slowly in a strong light an! so+e of the lines will a66ear colore!. The colors a66ear !ifferent to !ifferent 6eo6le% an! are change! 2y re<ersing the rotation.

(n ,6tical To6 C *d T*$(, 3$t8 T )e*ed De(, %70'

(nother si+6le tric to 6erfor+ 2ut one not easily !etecte!% is e5ecute! 2y using a ta6ere! !ec of car!s as shown in *ig. 1. ( chea6 !ec of car!s is e<ene! u6 sJuare% fastene! in a <ise an! 6lane! along the e!ge in such a +anner that all the 6ac will 2e ta6ere! a2out 1G1) in. This ta6er is e5aggerate! in the illustration which shows

.ar!s fro+ a Ta6ere! Dec one car! that has 2een turne! en! for en!. It is e<i!ent that any car! re<erse! in this way can 2e easily se6arate! fro+ the other car!s in the 6ac % which +a es it 6ossi2le to 6erfor+ the following tric 4 The 6erfor+er s6rea!s the car!s out% fan=li e% an! as s an o2ser<er to with!raw a car!% which is then re6lace! in any 6art of the 6ac . (fter thoroughly shuffling the car!s the 6erfor+er then hol!s the !ec in 2oth han!s 2ehin! his 2ac an! 6ronouncing a few +agic wor!s% 6ro!uces the car! selecte! in one han! an! the rest of the 6ac in the other. This is acco+6lishe! 2y si+6ly turning the !ec en! for en! while the o2ser<er is loo ing at his car!% thus 2ringing the wi!e en! of the selecte! car! at the narrow en! of the 6ac when it is re6lace!. The han!s are 6lace! 2ehin! the 6ac for a !ou2le 6ur6ose% as the feat then see+s +ore +ar<elous an! the o2ser<ers are not allowe! to see how it is !one. In 6riBe ga+es% 6layers ha<ing the sa+e score are freJuently calle! u6on to cut for low to !eter+ine which shall 2e the winner% 2ut a fairer way is to cut for high as a 6erson fa+iliar with the tric shown in *ig. $ can cut the car!s at the ace% !euce% or three s6ot% nearly e<ery ti+e% es6ecially if the !ec is a new one. This is !one 2y si+6ly 6ressing on the to6 of the !ec as shown% 2efore cutting% thus causing the increase! in surface of the high car!s to a!here to the a!8acent ones. ( little 6ractice will soon ena2le one to cut low nearly e<ery ti+e% 2ut the car!s +ust 2e gras6e! lightly an! the e56eri+ent shoul! 2e 6erfor+e! with a new !ec to o2tain successful results. =.ontri2ute! 2y D.B.0.% .hicago. A Co"-t "t7P*e--4*e H<d*o#e" Ge"e* to* %70' By fitting three 2ottles% (% B% .% with ru22er sto66ers an! connecting with glass tu2es as shown in the s etch% hy!rogen or other gases 6ro!uce! in a si+ilar +anner +ay 2e generate! un!er constant 6ressure. In +a ing hy!rogen% 2ottle B is 6artly fille! with Binc no!ules for+e! 2y slowly 6ouring +elte! Binc into water. Hy!rochloric aci! is then 6oure! in the s+all funnel% thus 6artly filling 2ottles ( an! C. Ehen the aci! rising fro+ . co+es in contact with the Binc% hy!rogen gas is generate! an! fills 2ottle B. The gas continues to generate until the 6ressure is sufficient to force the aci! 2ac !own the tu2e into 2ottle .% when the action ceases. (s fast as the gas is use! the aci! rises in the tu2e an! generates +ore% thus ee6ing the 6ressure nearly constant% the 6ressure !e6en!ing on the !ifference 2etween the le<els of the aci! in 2ottle ( an! 2ottle B. (s this !e<ice is easily u6set% a ring=stan! shoul! 2e use! to 6re<ent its 2eing 2ro en% or if it is to 2e a 6er+anent a66aratus it +ay 2e +ounte! on a su2stantial woo!en 2ase. This a66aratus +ay also 2e use! for 6re6aring acetylene gas or al+ost any gas which

reJuires a +i5ture of a soli! an! liJui! in its 6re6aration. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. S. J.% Detroit. Re-to*$"# To"e to C* (,ed Bell %7&'

Many a 2ell with a !ea!ene! tone !ue to a crac e! ri+% can 2e gi<en its original clear ringing soun! 2y sawing out the crac with a co++on hac saw. Ma e the saw cut along the line of the crac . The o6ening cause! 2y the saw will allow the free <i2ration of the +etal. ==.ontri2ute! 2y *. E. Bently% Jr.% Huron% S. Da . % Ho3 to M ,e P )e* P8o"o#* )8 Ho*" %7&'

Secure a 6iece of tu2ing a2out 1='GI in. long that will fit the connection to the re6ro!ucer% an! wra6 a Juantity of hea<y threa! aroun! one en! as shown in the enlarge! s etch (% *ig. 1. *or+ a cone of hea<y 6a6er% & in. long an! ' in. in !ia+eter% at the larger en! with the s+aller en! to fit the !ia+eter of the tu2e (% +a ing it three= 6ly thic an! gluing the layers together. (ttach this cone on the tu2e ( where the threa! has 2een wra66e! with glue% as shown in *ig. $. *ig. $ is also an enlarge! s etch. Ma e ten 6ieces a2out 1 ft. 10 in. in length an! ' in. wi!e fro+ the thin 2oar!s of a 2iscuit or crac er 2o5. .ut an arc of a circle in the+ on a ra!ius of $ ft. :*ig. ';. Ma e a 10=si!e! stic % 1$ in. long% that will fit loosely in the tu2e (% to which nail the 10 6ieces as shown in *ig. I% connecting the 2otto+ 2y cross 6ieces% using care to ee6 the+ at eJual !is= tances a6art an! in a circle whose !ia+eter is a2out $ ft.

Detail of 7honogra6h Horn

The cone is 6lace! o<er the stic as shown 2y the !otte! lines in *ig. I an! te+6orarily fastene! in 6osition. .ut out 6a6er sections :*ig. L; that will co<er each s6ace 2etween the 10 6ieces% allowing 1 in. on one si!e an! the to6% in which to cut slits that will for+ 6ieces to o<erla6 the ne5t section an! to attach with glue. *asten the sec= tions all aroun! in li e +anner. The ne5t course is 6ut on in stri6s o<erla66ing as shown at B% *ig. ). *inish 2y 6utting on sections in the sa+e way as the first course% +a ing it three=6ly thic . De+o<e the for+% tri+ to suit an! glue a 6iece of 6a6er o<er the e!ge. Ehen the glue is thoroughly har!ene!% 6ut on two coats of white an! one of 2lue 6aint% sha!ing it to suit an! stri6ing it with gol! 2ronBe. Ho3 to M ,e H<#*o!ete* %7&'

( ho+e+a!e hygro+eter% for !eter+ining the !egree of +oisture in the at+os6here% is shown in the acco+6anying s etch an! consists of a 2oar!% (% with a nail at each en! to hol! the sil threa! B. ( secon! 6iece of sil threa!% .% is tie! to the center of B an! connects with an in!icating han! or 6ointer su66orte! 2y the 2rac et D. The a5le on which the 6ointer re<ol<es consists of a 6iece of roun! woo!% a2out the siBe of a lea!= 6encil% with a 6in !ri<en in each en!. ( 6iece of tin% #% is cut V=sha6e! at each en! an! 2ent u6 at the en!s to for+ 2earings for the 6ins. The sil threa! . is fastene! to the woo!en a5le an! is wra66e! one or two turns aroun! it% so that when

The Hygro+eter the threa! is 6ulle! the 6ointer will +o<e on the scale. It will 2e notice! that the threa! B is not 6erfectly straight% 2ut 2en!s towar! D. *or this reason a <ery s+all shrin age of B% such as occurs when the at+os6here is !ry% will cause an increase! +o<e+ent of .% which will 2e further increase! in the +o<e+ent of the 6ointer. (n instru+ent of this in! is <ery interesting an! costs nothing to +a e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Dea!er% Den<er. T8e P*ote(t$o" o0 S)*$"# Lo(, %7+'

(fter shutting the front !oor an! hearing the s6ring loc sna6 into its soc et% +ost 6eo6le go off with a chil!li e faith in the safety of their goo!s an! chattels. But the col! fact is that there is scarcely any loc ing !e<ice which affor!s less 6rotection than the or!inary s6ring loc . It is the si+6lest thing in the worl! for a snea thief to sli6 a thin nife 2etween the !oor=casing an! the stri6% 6ush 2ac the 2olt% an! wal in. *ortunately% it is eJually easy to 2loc that tric . Ta e a narrow 6iece of tin ' or I in. long% 2en! it at right angles throughout its length% an! tac it fir+ly in the angle 2etween the casing an! stri6% so as to +a e it i+6ossi2le to reach the 2olt without tearing off the

stri6. (nother way is to !ri<e nails through the stri6 at inter<als of half an inch% enough to 6rotect the 2olt fro+ 2eing +e!!le! with. A Co"t*olle* "d Re1e*-e 0o* B tte*< Moto* %7+'

Secure a cigar or starch 2o5 an! use to +a e the 2ase% B. Two woo!=2ase switches% S S% are cut off a little 6ast the center an! fastene! to the 2ase with a 6iece of woo! 2etween the+. The u66er switch% S% is connecte! to !ifferent eJual 6oints on a coil of wire% E% while the lower switch% S% is connecte! each 6oint to a 2attery% as shown. The re<erse switch% D% is +a!e fro+ two 2rass or co66er stri6s fastene! at the to6 to the 2ase with screws an! 8oine! together 2y a 6iece of har! ru22er or woo! with a s+all han!le attache!. .onnect wires ( to the ar+ature an! wires * to the fiel! of the +otor. By this arrange+ent one% two or three an! so on u6 until all the 2attery cells are use! an! !if= ferent 6oints of resistance secure! on the coil of wire. The re<erse le<er when +o<e! fro+ right to left% or left to right% changes the !irection of the ar+ature in the +otor fro+ one way to the other. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. *re+ont Hilscher% Jr.% Eest St. 7aul% Minn.

Motor De<erse an! .ontroller Ho3 to B4$ld G* )e A*.o* %7/'

( gra6e ar2or +a!e of white 6ine% 6ut together as shown in the s etch% will last for se<eral years. The $ 2y I=in. 6osts% (% are 7 ft. long. The feet% B% are +a!e $ 2y I in.% I ft. long% an! rest on a 2ric 6lace! un!er each en!.

9ra6e=(r2or Trellis Ho3 to M ,e To< Ste ! E"#$"e %7/'

( toy engine can 2e easily +a!e fro+ ol! i+6le+ents which can 2e foun! in nearly

e<ery house.

Toy Stea+ #ngine (sse+2le! The cylin!er (% *ig. 1% is an ol! 2icycle 6u+6% cut in half. The stea+ chest D% is 6art of the 6iston tu2e of the sa+e 6u+6% the other 6arts 2eing use! for the 2earing B% an! the cran 2earing .. The flywheel @ can 2e any s+all=siBe! iron wheelH either an ol! sewing=+achine wheel% 6ulley wheel% or anything a<aila2le. Ee use! a wheel fro+ an ol! high chair for our engine. If the 2ore in the wheel is too large for the shaft% it +ay 2e 2ushe! with a 6iece of har! woo!. The shaft is +a!e of hea<y steel wire% the siBe of the hole in the 2earing B. The 2ase is +a!e of woo!% an! has two woo! 2loc s% H an! F% 'G8 in. thic %

Val<e Motion an! .onstruction of 7iston to su66ort 2earing B% an! <al<e cran S% which is +a!e of tin. The hose # connects to the 2oiler% which will 2e !escri2e! later. The cli6s ** are sol!ere! to the cylin!er an! naile! to the 2ase% an! the 2earing B is fastene! 2y sta6les. The <al<e +otion is shown in *igs. $ an! '. In *ig. $ the stea+ is entering the cylin!er% an! in *ig. ' the <al<e B has close! the stea+ inlet an! o6ene! the e5haust% thus allowing the stea+ in the cylin!er to esca6e. The 6iston is +a!e of a sto<e 2olt% #% *ig. $% with two washers% **% an! a cylin!rical

6iece of har! woo!% 9. This is woun! with soft string% as shown in *ig. '% an! saturate! with thic oil. ( slot is cut in the en! of the 2olt #% to recei<e the connecting ro! H. The <al<e B is +a!e of an ol! 2icycle s6o e% .% with the nut cut in half an! file! !own as shown% the s6ace 2etween the two hal<es 2eing fille! with string an! oile!. The <al<e cran S% *ig. 1% is cut out of tin% or gal<aniBe! iron% an! is +o<e!

#ngine in ,6eration 2y a s+all cran on the shaft. This cran shoul! 2e at right angles to the +ain cran . The 2oiler% *ig. I% can 2e an ol! oil can% 6ow!er can% or a syru6 can with a tu2e sol!ere! to it% an! is connecte! to the engine 2y a 6iece of ru22er tu2ing. The heat fro+ a s+all gas sto<e will furnish stea+ fast enough to run the engine at high s6ee!. This engine was 2uilt 2y E. 9. Schuh an! (. J. #ustice% of .u2a% Eis. W*$t$"# 3$t8 Ele(t*$($t< %72' Soa a 6iece of white 6a6er in a solution of 6otassiu+ io!i!e an! water for a2out a +inute an! then lay it on a 6iece of sheet +etal. .onnect the sheet +etal with the negati<e or Binc si!e of a 2attery an! then% using the 6ositi<e wire as a 6en% write your na+e or other inscri6tion on the wet 6a6er.

#lectrolytic Eriting The result will 2e 2rown lines on a white 2ac groun!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. E. *ry% San Jose% .al. To P8oto#* )8 M " $" Bottle %72'

/either a huge 2ottle nor a !warfe! +an is necessary for this 6rocess% as it is +erely a tric of 6hotogra6hy% an! a <ery a+using tric % at that. *irst% 6hotogra6h the 6erson to 2e enclose! in the 2ottle against a !ar 6lain 2ac groun! an! +ar the e5act 6osition on the groun! glass. 0et the e56osure 2e 8ust long enough to show the figure !istinctly. Then 6lace an e+6ty 2ottle against a !ar 2ac groun! an! focus so as to ha<e the outlines of the 2ottle enclose those of the +an. 0et this e56osure 2e a2out twice the length of the first% an! the !esire! result is o2taine!.

A M4-$( l W$"d!$ll %72' Ma e two wheels out of tin. They +ay 2e of any siBe% 2ut wheel ( +ust 2e larger than wheel B. ,n wheel ( fasten two 6ieces of woo!% .% to cross in the center% an! 6lace a 2ell on the four en!s% as shown. The s+aller wheel% B% +ust 2e se6arate! fro+ the other with a roun! 6iece of woo! or an ol! s6ool. Tie four 2uttons with s6lit rings to the s+aller wheel% B. The 2la!es on the wheels shoul! 2e 2ent o66osite on one wheel fro+ the others so as to +a e the wheels turn in !ifferent !irections. Ehen turning% the 2uttons will stri e the 2ells an! +a e the+ ring constantly.

O)t$( l Ill4-$o"- %72' By gi<ing the 6age a re<ol<ing or rinsing +otion the three circular figures 6rinte! on the ne5t 6age a66ear to rotate. The 2est effect will 2e 6ro!uce! 2y laying the 2oo !own flat on the !es or ta2le an! re<ol<ing% first

Mo<e These *igures Da6i!ly with a Dinsing Motion in one !irection an! then in the o66osite !irection% in such a way that any gi<en 6oint on the 6age will !escri2e a circle of a2out 1G$ in. !ia+eter. *ig. 1 then a66ears to rotate in the sa+e !irection as the re<olutionH *ig. $ a66ears to re<ol<e in the o66osite !irection% an! *ig. ' a66ears to re<ol<e so+eti+es in the sa+e !irection an! at other ti+es in the o66osite !irection. ( curious effect can 2e 6ro!uce! with *ig. 1 2y co<ering u6 *igs. $ an! ' with a 6iece of 6lain 6a6er an! laying a coin or other s+all o28ect on the 6a6er. If the <ision is then concentrate! on the coin or other o28ect while sa+e is 2eing re<ol<e!% *ig. 1 will 2e seen to rotate. B **el7St 1e H !!o(, %75' ( ha++oc +a!e of 2arrel sta<es is +ore co+forta2le than one woul! thin % consi!ering the nature of the +aterial e+6loye! in +a ing it. 9oo! s+ooth sta<es shoul! 2e selecte! for this 6ur6ose% an! if one cares to go to little trou2le a thorough san!6a6ering will +a e a great i+6ro<e+ent. .ut half circles out of each sta<e% as shown at ((% an! 6ass ro6es aroun!

.hea6 an! .o+forta2le the en!s as shown at B. Ehen finishe! the weight will then 2e su66orte! 2y four ro6es at each en!% which allows the use of s+all siBe! ro6es% such as clothes lines. ( ha++oc of this in! +ay 2e left out in the rain without in8ury. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H.9.M.% St. 0ouis% Mo. A S$"#$"# Tele)8o"e %75' Those who ha<e not alrea!y trie! the e56eri+ent +ay 2e intereste! to now that a tele6hone +ay 2e +a!e to sing 2y hol!ing the recei<er a2out 1G1) in. fro+ the trans+itter% as shown in the illustration. The e56eri+ent will

To Ma e a Tele6hone Sing wor well on +ost tele6hones% 2ut not on all. Ehen the recei<er is 6lace! in the 6osition shown it acts li e an or!inary 2uBBer% an! the function of the trans+itter will then 2e that of an interru6ter. The slightest +o<e+ent of the trans+itter !ia6hrag+ will cause an increase! +o<e+ent of the recei<er !ia6hrag+. This in turn will act on the trans+itter% thus setting u6 sy+6athetic <i2rations 2etween the two% which accounts for the soun!. A M$(*o-(o)e W$t8o4t Le"- %76' By E. W. DAVIS

/early e<eryone has hear! of the 6in=hole ca+era% 2ut the fact that the sa+e 6rinci6le can 2e use! to +a e a +icrosco6e% ha<ing a +agnifying 6ower of 8 !ia+eters :)I ti+es; will 6erha6s 2e new to so+e rea!ers. To +a e this lensless +icrosco6e% 6rocure a woo!en s6ool% ( :a short s6ool% say 1G$ or 'GI in. long% 6ro!uces a higher +agnifying 6ower;% an! enlarge the 2ore a little at one en!. Then 2lac en the insi!e with in!ia in an! allow to !ry. *ro+ a 6iece of thin

Detail of 0ensless Microsco6e trans6arent celluloi! or +ica% cut out a s+all !is % B% an! fasten to the en! ha<ing the enlarge! 2ore% 2y +eans of 2ra!s. ,n the other en! glue a 6iece of thin 2lac car!2oar!% .% an! at the center% D% +a e a s+all hole with the 6oint of a fine nee!le. It is <ery i+= 6ortant that the hole D shoul! 2e <ery s+all% otherwise the i+age will 2e 2lurre!. To use this +icrosco6e% 6lace a s+all o28ect on the trans6arent !is % which +ay 2e +oistene! to +a e the o28ect a!here% an! loo through the hole D. It is necessary to ha<e a strong light to get goo! results an!% as in all +icrosco6es of any 6ower% the o28ect shoul! 2e of a trans6arent nature. The 6rinci6le on which this instru+ent wor s is illustrate! in *ig. $. The a66arent !ia+eter of an o28ect is in<ersely 6ro6ortional to its !istance fro+ the eye% i. e.% if the !istance is re!uce! to one=half% the !ia+eter will a66ear twice as largeH if the !istance is re!uce! to one=thir!% the !ia+eter will a66ear three ti+es as large% an! so on. (s the nearest !istance at which the a<erage 6erson can see an o28ect clearly is a2out ) in.% it follows that the !ia+eter of an o28ect 'GI in. fro+ the eye woul! a66ear 8 ti+es the nor+al siBe. The o28ect woul! then 2e +agnifie! 8 !ia+eters% or )I ti+es. :The area woul! a66ear )I ti+es as large.; But an o28ect 'GI=in. fro+ the eye a66ears so 2lurre! that none of the !etails are !iscerni2le% an! it is for this reason that the 6in=hole is e+6loye!. Viewe! through this +icrosco6e% a flyCs wing a66ears as large as a 6ersonCs han!% hel! at ar+Cs length% an! has the general a66earance shown in *ig. '. The +other of <inegar e5a+ine! in the sa+e way is seen to 2e swar+ing with a +ass of wriggling little wor+s% an! +ay 6ossi2ly cause the o2ser<er to a2stain fro+ all sala!s fore<er after. (n innocent=loo ing !ro6 of water% in which hay has 2een soa ing for se<eral !ays% re<eals hun!re!s of little infusoria% !arting across the fiel! in e<ery !irection. These an! hun!re!s of other interesting o28ects +ay 2e o2ser<e! in this little instru+ent% which costs little or nothing to +a e. Ho3 to M ,e Tele#* )8 >e< "d So4"de* %76'

The soun!er% *ig. 1% is +a!e fro+ an ol! electric=2ell +agnet% D% fastene! to a woo!en 2ase. The le<er% (% can 2e +a!e of 2rass an! the ar+ature% .% is +a!e of iron. The 6i<ot% #% is +a!e fro+ a wire nail an! is sol!ere! to (. It shoul! 2e file! to a 6oint at each en! so as to +o<e freely in the 2earings% B% which are 6ieces of har! woo!. The s6ring% H% is fastene! at each en! 2y 6ins% 2ent as shown% an! shoul! not 2e too strong or the +agnet will 2e una2le to +o<e the ar+ature.

S,1/D#D=(. 2rass4 B. woo!4 .. soft ironH DD. coils woun! with /o. $) wire4 #. nail sol!ere! on (H **. 2in!ing 6osts4 H s6ring The sto6% F% is a wire nail !ri<en !ee6 enough in the 2ase to lea<e a2out 1G8 in. 2etween the ar+ature an! the +agnet. The 2in!ing 6osts% *% +ay 2e ta en fro+ ol! !ry 2atteries an! are connecte! to the two wires fro+ the +agnet 2y wires run in groo<es cut in the 2ase. The 2ase of the ey% *ig. $% is also +a!e of woo! an! has two woo!en 2earings% #% which are +a!e to recei<e a 6i<ot% si+ilar to the one use! in the soun!er. The le<er of the ey is +a!e of 2rass an! has a har!woo! no2% (% fastene! near the en!. ( switch% D% connects with the 6i<ot at * an! can 2e either +a!e fro+ sheet 2rass% or ta en fro+ a s+all one=6oint switch. The 2in!ing 6osts are li e those of the soun!er% an! are connecte! to the contacts% F% 2y wires run in groo<es cut in the woo!.

F#-=(. woo!H B. 2rass or iron sol!ere! to nailH .. 2rassH D. 2rass4 #. woo!4 F. connection of D to nailH HH. 2in!ing 6osts Ho3 to M ,e M4-$( C .$"et %77'

( neat +usic ca2inet can 2e +a!e as shown in the acco+6anying s etch. #ach si!e% ((% *ig. 1% is cut fro+ a 2oar! a2out ') in. in length an! 1) in. wi!e. Both are ali e an! can 2e cut fro+ the sa+e 6attern. (s the front legs cur<e out a little the +ain 2o!y of the 2oar!s (( shoul! 2e 1L in. wi!e. The 2ac % B% shoul! 2e a2out $$ in. long 2y 1) in. wi!e an! set in 2etween si!es ((. .ut the to6% .% 1) in. long an! 1I=1G$ in. wi!e. The 2otto+ +ust 2e the sa+e length as the to6 an! 1'=1G$ in. wi!e. The !oor% D% can 2e +a!e 6anel as shown% or a single 6iece% 1) in. wi!e an! a2out $0 in. long. (ll +aterial use! is to 2e +a!e fro+ 2oar!s that will !ress to 'GI in. thic .

How to Ma e a Music .a2inet Shel<ing +ay 2e 6ut in as shown in *ig. $ an! +a!e fro+ 1GI=in. +aterial. Ma e 1$ cleats% #% 1'=1G$ in. long% fro+ a stri6 of woo! 1G$ 2y 'GI in.% with a groo<e 1GI 2y 1GI in. cut in the+. *asten ) cleats e<enly s6ace! on the insi!e of each of the si!es% ((% with 'GI=in. 2ra!s. This will gi<e se<en s6aces for +usic an! as the shel<es are re+o<a2le two 6laces can 2e +a!e into one. E -$l< M de W$*ele-- Co8e*e* %77' ( goo! wireless coherer +ay 2e +a!e with <ery little e56ense% the only +aterials necessary 2eing a glass tu2e% two cor s4 a +agnetiBe! nee!le an! a Juantity of iron an! sil<er filings. 7ush a 6iece of wire through one cor an! 6lace in the 2otto+ of the tu2e% as shown in the s etch. 7our in the filings an! insert the to6 cor with the nee!le 6ushe! through

Detail of .oherer fro+ a2o<e. The 6oint of the nee!le shoul! 2arely touch the filings an! 2y slightly agitating the tu2e the iron filings will se6arate fro+ the sil<er an! cling to the +agnetiBe! nee!le% as shown. In o6eration% the !e<ice +ust stan! on en! an! shoul! 2e connecte! in the circuit as shown in the s etch. Ehen the electrical wa<es stri e the nee!le% the con!ucti<ity of the filings is esta2lishe! an! a clic is hear! in the recei<er. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .arl *or+hals% 9arfiel!% Ill. O"e7W$*e Tele#* )8 L$"e %78' The acco+6anying wiring !iagra+ shows a telegra6h syste+ that reJuires no switches an! +ay 2e o6erate! with o6en=circuit 2atteries on a one=wire

Diagra+ of ,ne=Eire 0ine line with groun! connections at each en!. (ny telegra6h set in which the ey +a es !ou2le contact can 2e connecte! u6 in this way. ==.ontri2ute! 2y D. (. Brown% *air6ort% /. -. Ho3 to M ,e W te* R8eo-t t %78'

( water rheostat +ay 2e +a!e 2y fitting a 2rass tu2e with a cor % through which a 6iece of wire is 6asse!. The 2rass tu2e +ay 2e an ol! 2icycle han! 6u+6% ( :see s etch;% fille! with water. 7ushing the wire% B% !own into the water increases the surface in contact% an! thus !ecreases the resistance. (n a66aratus of this in! is suita2le for regulating the current fro+ an in!uction coil% when the coil is not 6ro<i!e! with a regulator% an! 2y using a 6iece of 6i6e instea! of the tu2e% it can 2e use! to regulate the s6ee! of a +otor. Ehen the 6i6e is use!% a 6iece of 2rass or co66er ro! shoul! 2e su2stitute! for the wire% in or!er to increase the surface. (!!ing salt to the water will !ecrease the re= sistance% an!% when use! with a +otor% will gi<e a greater s6ee!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John Foehler% Di!gewoo!% /. J.

Diagra+ of ,ne=Eire 0ine Eater Dheostat Ele(t*$( Doo*7O)e"e* %78' ( <ery con<enient an! efficient !e<ice for unloc ing any !oor fitte! with a s6ring loc is shown in the acco+6anying s etches. ( fairly stiff s6ring% (% is connecte! 2y a fle5i2le wire cor! to the no2 B. The cor! is also fastene! to a le<er% .% which is 6i<ote! at D an! is release! 2y a +agnetic trigger% #% +a!e fro+ the ar+ature an! +agnet of an ol! electric 2ell. Ehen the circuit is co+6lete! 2y +eans of a secret contact !e<ice outsi!e the !oor% the +agnet% *% 6ulls !own the ar+ature% which releases the trigger an! allows the s6ring to o6en the loc . If there are +etal nu+2ers on the outsi!e of the !oor they +ay 2e use!

for the secret contact% if !esire!%

(66aratus 7lace! on Insi!e of Door 2ut if there are no nu+2ers on the !oor% a s+all contact=2oar! +ay 2e constructe! 2y !ri<ing a2out 1$ 2rass hea!e! tac s into a thin 6iece of woo! an! +a ing connections at the 2ac as shown in the wiring !iagra+. In this 6articular !iagra+ the tac s nu+2ere! 1 an! 7 are use! for unloc ing the !oor% the others 2eing connecte! with the electric=2ell circuit as in!icate!% for the 6ur6ose of gi<ing an alar+ shoul! any2o!y try to e56eri+ent with the secret contacts. By +eans of a 6oc et nife or other +etal article the o6erator can let hi+self in at any ti+e 2y connecting the tac s nu+2ere! 1 an! 7% while a 6erson not nowing the co+2ination woul! 2e lia2le to soun! the alar+. ,f course% the 2uil!er of this !e<ice +ay choose a co+2ination of his own an! +ay thus 6re<ent any2o!y else fro+ entering the !oor% e<en those who rea! this !escri6tion. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 7erry (. Bor!en% 9ach<ille% /. B.

Eiring Diagra+ Ho3 to T$#8te" C4*t $"7Rolle* S)*$"# %7:'

( co++on ta2le for can 2e use! to hol! the little 6ro8ection on the en! of a curtain roller for tightening the s6ring. Hol! the for fir+ly with one han! while turning the roller with the other. Do not let go of the for until the little catches are set in 6osition to 6re<ent the s6ring fro+ turning% or else the for +ay 2e thrown off with !angerous force. Al *! Clo(, C8$(,e" Feede* %7:' (n auto+atic 6oultry fee!er% which will !ischarge the necessary a+ount of corn or other fee! at any !esire! ti+e% +ay 2e +a!e 2y using an alar+ cloc as shown in the s etch. ( s+all wire trigger rests on the win!ing ey an! su66orts the swinging 2otto+ of the foo! ho66er 2y +eans of a 6iece of string which connects the two. Ehen the alar+ goes off the trigger !ro6s an! allows the !oor to o6en% thus !ischarging the contents of the ho66er. (fter the !e<ice has 2een in o6eration for so+e ti+e the hens will run to the fee!er

whene<er the 2ell rings. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Dr. H. (. Do2son% Eashington% D. ..

Eill ,6en or .lose .ircuit as Desire! Ho!e! de D$-,7Re(o*d C .$"et %7:' Select so+e 2oar!s that ha<e a nice grain an! a2out 1 in. thic an! 1$=in. wi!e. .ut the en! 6ieces each ')=in. long an! tri+ !own the e!ges so as to +a e the+ 11='G8 in. wi!e. The to6 2oar! is +a!e $8=in. long an! full 1$=in. wi!e. The three shel<es are cut $L=in. long an! the e!ges tri++e! so they will 2e 11='G8 in. wi!e. The !istance 2etween the 2otto+ of the to6 2oar! an! the to6 of the first shelf shoul! 2e ' in. Two !rawers are fitte! in this s6ace% as shown in *ig. 1. ( series of groo<es are cut 1GI in. wi!e%

.a2inet Hol!ing '$ Decor!s 1GI in. !ee6 an! 'GI in. a6art on one si!e of the to6 an! 2otto+ shel<es% as shown in *ig. $% an! on 2oth si!es of the +i!!le shelf. The shel<es shoul! 2e s6ace! &=LG8 in. for 10= in. recor!s an! L=LG8 in. for )=in. recor!s. ( neat scroll !esign is cut fro+ a 2oar! $L in. long to fill u6 an! finish the s6ace 2elow the 2otto+ shelf. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H. #. Mangol!% .o+6ton% .al. A B tte*< R8eo-t t %80' In a 2oar! 7 in. long an! L in. wi!e 2ore holes a2out 1GI in. a6art% in a se+icircle $ in. fro+ the 2otto+% an! cut notches in to6 en! to corres6on! with the holes. *ro+ a 6iece of 2rass a switch% .% is cut with a no2 sol!ere! on at the en!. /ails for sto6s are 6lace! at DD. Two 2in!ing=6osts are 6lace! in 2oar! at ( an! B. Eith a2out & ft. of fine iron wire attach one en! to the 2otto+ of 6ost ( an! run through first hole an! o<er in first notch to 2ac of 2oar! an! then through secon! hole an! o<er secon! notch an! so on until # is reache!% where the other en! of wire is fastene!. .onnect switch to 6ost B. == .ontri2ute! 2y #!+un! Fuhn% Jr.% #ast ,range% /. J.

Battery Dheostat A4to! t$( T$!e S3$t(8 %80' This !e<ice +ay 2e use! to either o6en or close the circuit at any !esire! ti+e. (n alar+ cloc is fir+ly fastene! to a woo!en 2rac et an! 6ro<i!e! with a s+all woo! or +etal !ru+% (% to which is fastene! a cor!% B. The other en! of the cor! is tie! to the switch han!le so that when the alar+ goes off the switch is either o6ene! or .. close!% !e6en!ing on whether the cor! is 6asse! o<er 6ulley . or 6ulley D. Ehen the cor! is 6asse! o<er 6ulley .% as shown in *ig. 1% the circuit will 2e close! when the alar+ goes off% 2ut if it is 6asse! o<er D the circuit will 2e o6ene!. 7ulley D is fastene! to a 6iece of s6ring steel% #% which in o6eration is 2ent% as shown 2y the !otte! lines% thus causing the switch to sna6 o6en Juic ly an! 6re<ent for+ing an arc. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Douglas Doyer% Doano e% Va.

Eill ,6en or .lose .ircuit as Desire! Ho3 to M ,e Rot *< P4!) %8&'

Details of Dotary 7u+6 ( si+6le rotary 6u+6 is constructe! on the 6rinci6le of creating a <acuu+ in a ru22er tu2e an! so causing water to rise to fill the <acuu+. *igs. '% I an! L show all the 6arts nee!e!% e5ce6ting the cran an! tu2ing. The !i+ensions an! !escri6tion gi<en are for a +ini+u+ 6u+6% 2ut a larger one coul! 2e 2uilt in 6ro6ortion. Through the center of a 2loc of woo! I in. sJuare an! 7G8 in. thic :(% *igs. 1% $ an! '; saw a circular o6ening $=7G8 in. in !ia+eter. ,n each si!e of this 2loc cut a larger circle '=1GI in. in !ia+eter% ha<ing the sa+e center as the first circle :*ig. ';. .ut the last circles only 1GI in. !ee6% lea<ing the first circle in the for+ of a ri!ge or trac 'G8 in. wi!e% against which the ru22er tu2ing% #% is co+6resse! 2y wheels. Bore two 1GI in. holes :HH% *ig. 1; fro+ the outsi!e of the 2loc to the e!ge of the inner circle. 7ut the ru22er tu2e% #% through one of these holes% 6ass it aroun! the trac an! out through the other hole. /otice the 2rea :S; in the trac H this is necessary in or!er to 6lace in 6osition the 6iece hol!ing the wheels. *ig. I shows the wheel=hol!er% B. Ma e it of har! woo! '=1G8 in. long% 1 in. wi!e an! a little less than 7G8 in. thic % so that it will run freely 2etween the si!es :*ig. L; when they are 6lace!. .ut two groo<es% one in each en!% 1 in. !ee6 an! 1G$ in. wi!e. In these groo<es 6lace wheels% ..% to turn on 6ins of stout wire. These wheels shoul! 2e 'GI in. in !ia+eter. Ehen 6lace! in the hol!er their centers +ust 2e e5actly $ in. a6art% or so arrange! that the !istance 2etween the e!ge of the wheels an! the trac :F% *ig. 1; is eJual to the thic ness of the tu2ing when 6resse! flat. If the wheels fit too tightly% they will 2in!H it too loose% they will let the air through. Bore a hole through the +i!!le of the wheel=hol!er an! insert the cran 6in% D% which shoul! 2e a2out 1G$ in. in !ia+eter. The cran 6in shoul! fit tightlyH if necessary !ri<e a 2ra! through to ee6 it fro+ sli66ing. In the si!es :*ig. L; 2ore a hole in the center of the cran 6in to run in loosely. /ow 6ut all these 6arts together% as shown in the illustration. Do not fasten the si!es too

securely until you ha<e trie! the !e<ice an! are sure it will run s+oothly. *or the cran a 2ent 6iece of stout wire or a nail will ser<e% though a s+all iron wheel is 2etter% as it gi<es stea!iness to the +otion. In this case a han!le +ust 2e attache! to the ri+ of the wheel to ser<e as a cran . The !ri<e wheel fro+ a 2ro en=!own egg2eater will !o nicely. *or ease in han!ling the 6u+6% a 6latfor+ shoul! 2e a!!e!. To use the 6u+6% fill the tu2e with water an! 6lace the lower en! of the tu2e in a reser<oir of water. Ma e a noBBle of the en! of a clay 6i6e ste+ for the other en! of the tu2e. Then turn the cran fro+ left to right. The first wheel 6resses the air out of the tu2e% creating a <acuu+ which is i++e!iately fille! with water. Before the first wheel releases the tu2e at the to6% the other wheel has reache! the 2otto+% this ti+e 6ressing along the water that was 2rought u6 2y the first wheel. If the +otion of the wheels is regular% the 6u+6 will gi<e a stea!y strea+. Two feet of 1GI=in. tu2ing% costing 10 cents% is all the e56ense necessary. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Dan H. Hu22ar!% I!ana% Fan. Ho3 to M ,e F$*e S(*ee" %8+'

*I9.$ Ma!e of Stra6 Iron ( screen which will not interfere with the ra!iation of the heat fro+ the fire% an! will ee6 s irts an! chil!ren safe can 2e +a!e at little e56ense out of so+e stra6 iron. The screen which is shown in *ig. 1% stan!s $0 in. high fro+ the 2ase to the to6 cross6iece an! is +a!e of 'GI 2y 1GI=in. an! 1G$ 2y 1GI=in. iron. The to6 an! 2otto+ 6ieces +ar e! ((% *ig. 1% are 'GI 2y 1GI in. an! are '0 in. long% 2ent at an angle to fit the fire6lace 7 in. fro+ each en!% as shown in *ig. $. The three legs +ar e! BBB% *ig. 1% are of the sa+e siBe iron an! each leg will ta e 'I in. of +aterial. In sha6ing the feet of these three 6ieces gi<e the+ a slight ten!ency to lean towar! the fire or insi!e of screen% says a corres6on!ent in the Blac s+ith an! Eheelwright. In the two cross 2ars 1 in. fro+ each en!% ( in *ig. $% +ar for hole an! ' in. fro+ that +ar the ne5t hole. Ta e the center of the 2ar% B% 1L in. fro+ each en!% an! +ar for a hole% an! '=1G$ in. on each si!e +ar again an! '=1G$ in. 2eyon! each of these two% +ar again. Mar the legs $='GI in. fro+ the 2otto+ an! $ in. fro+ the to6 an! after +a ing ri<et= holes ri<et the+ to the cross 2ars% ((% *ig. 1. .ut si5 6ieces% 17=1G$ in. long an! 6unch holes to fit an! ri<et onto the re+aining holes in cross 2ars% ((% *ig. 1. .lean it u6 an! gi<e it a coat of 2lac Ja6an or !ea! 2lac . T* ) 0o* S! ll A"$! l- %8+' This is a 2o5 tra6 with glass si!es an! 2ac % the 6anes of glass 2eing hel! in 6lace 2y 2ra!s 6lace! on 2oth si!es. The ani+al !oes not fear to enter the 2o5% 2ecause he can

see through it4 when he enters% howe<er% an! touches the 2ait the li! is release! an!% !ro66ing% shuts hi+ in. This is one of the easiest tra6s to 2uil! an! is usually successful.

Ho!e! de G*e"et B tte*< %8/' 7rocure an or!inary car2on=Binc% sal=a++oniac 2attery an! re+o<e the Binc ro!. If the 2attery has 2een use! 2efore% it is 2etter to soa the car2on cylin!er for a few hours to re+o<e any re+aining crystals of sal=a++oniac fro+ its 6ores. The truncate!% conical Binc reJuire! is nown as a fullerCs Binc an! can 2e 2ought at any electrical su66ly !ealerCs% or% it +ay 2e cast in a san! +ol! fro+ scra6 Binc or the worn=out Binc ro!s fro+ sal=a++oniac 2atteries. It shoul! 2e cast on the en! of a 6iece of /o. 1I co66er wire. (+alga+ation is not necessary for the Binc one 2uys% 2ut if one casts his own Binc% it is necessary to a+alga+ate it or coat it with +ercury. This +ay 2e !one as follows4 Di6 a 6iece of rag in a !ilute! solution of sul6huric aci! :water 1) 6arts% aci! 1 6art;H ru2 the Binc well% at the sa+e ti+e allowing a few !ro6s of +ercury to fall on a s6ot attac e! 2y the aci!. The +ercury will a!here% an! if the ru22ing is continue! so as to s6rea! the +ercury% it will co<er the entire surface of the Binc% gi<ing it a 2right% sil<ery a66earance. /e5t 6rocure what is nown as a wire connector. This is a 6iece of co66er tu2e a2out 1=1G$ in. long ha<ing two thu+2 screws% one on each en! on o66osite si!es :*ig. $;. The u66er screw is to connect the 2attery wire% the lower one to raise an! lower the Binc. The 2attery is now co+6lete% an! the solution :*ig. 1; +ust 2e 6re6are!. 7rocee! as follows4 In '$ oB. of water !issol<e I oB. 6otassiu+ 2ichro+ate. Ehen the 2ichro+ate has all !issol<e!% a!! slowly% stirring constantly% I oB. sul6huric aci!. Do not a!! the aci! too Juic ly or the heat generate! +ay 2rea the <essel containing the solution. Then 6our the solution into the 2attery 8ar% until it is within ' in. of the to6. Threa! the wire hol!ing the Binc through the 6orcelain insulator of the car2on cylin!er an! also through the wire connector. 7ull the Binc u6 as far as it will go an! tighten the lower thu+2 screw so that it hol!s the wire secure. 7lace the car2on in the 8ar. If the solution touches the Binc% so+e of it shoul! 2e 6oure! out. To !eter+ine whether or not the Binc is touche! 2y the solution% ta e out the car2on an! lower the Binc. If it is wet% there is too +uch liJui! in the 8ar. The 2attery is now rea!y for use. To cause a flow of electricity% lower the Binc until it al+ost touches the 2otto+ of the 8ar an! connect an electric 2ell or other electrical a66aratus 2y +eans of wires to the two 2in!ing 6osts. This 2attery when first set u6 gi<es a current of a2out two <olts. It is useful for running in!uction coils% or s+all electric +otors. Ehen through using the 2attery% raise the Binc an! tighten the lower thu+2 screw. This 6re<ents the Binc wasting away when no current is 2eing use!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H. .. Meyer% 7hila!el6hia.

*ig.1 Details of Ho+e+a!e Battery Doo*7O)e"e* 0o* F4*" (e %8/' The acco+6anying !iagra+ shows an arrange+ent to o6en the coal !oor of a furnace. Ehen a66roaching the furnace with a sho<elful of coal it is usually necessary to rest the sho<el on the to6 of the ash !oor% while the coal !oor is 2eing o6ene!. Eith +y !e<ice it is only necessary to 6ress the foot 6e!al% which o6ens the !oor. (fter 6utting in the coal% 6ressing the 6e!al closes the !oor. The 6ulley in the ceiling +ust 2e 6lace! a little in front of the !oor% in or!er to throw the !oor o6en after lifting it fro+ the catch. ( large gate hinge is use! to hol! the 6e!al to the floor. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #!war! Ehitney% Ma!ison% Eis.

*urnace Door ,6ener Ho3 to M ,e " E00$($e"t W$*ele-- Tele#* )8 %82' By 9#,D9# E. DI.H(DDS,/ ( si+6le 2ut <ery efficient wireless telegra6h +ay 2e constructe! at slight cost fro+ the following !escri6tion4 The sen!ing a66aratus consists of nothing 2ut an in!uction coil with a telegra6h ey inserte! in the 6ri+ary circuit% i. e.% the 2attery circuit. This a66aratus +ay 2e 6urchase! fro+ any electrical=su66ly house. The 6rice of the coil !e6en!s u6on its siBe% an! u6on the siBe !e6en!s the !istance signals can 2e trans+itte!. If% howe<er% one wishes to construct his own coil he can +a e an! use% with slight changes% the 8u+6=s6ar coil

!escri2e! elsewhere in this 2oo . This coil% 2eing a 1=in. coil% will trans+it nicely u6 to a !istance of one +ileH while a 1$=in. coil +a!e on the sa+e 6lan will trans+it $0 +iles or e<en +ore un!er fa<ora2le con!itions. .hange the coil !escri2e!% as follows4 Insert an or!inary telegra6h ey in the 2attery circuit% an! attach two s+all 6ieces of wire with a 2rass 2all on each% 2y inserting the+ in the 2in!ing=6osts of the coil as shown at B BN. ,f these two ter+inal wires one is groun!e! to earth% while the other wire is sent aloft an! is calle! the aerial line. This constitutes all there is to the sen!ing a66aratus. /ow for the recei<ing a66aratus. In the earlier recei<ing instru+ents a coherer was use!% consisting of a glass tu2e a2out 1G8=in. !ia+eter% in which were two sil<er 6istons se6arate! 2y nic el an! sil<er filings% in a 6artial <acuu+. This recei<er was !ifficult of a!8ust+ent an! slow in trans+ission. (n instru+ent +uch less co+6licate! an! ine56ensi<e an! which will wor well can 2e +a!e thus4 Ta e a L=c6. incan!escent la+6 an! 2rea off the ti6 at the !otte! line% as shown in *ig. L. This can 2e !one 2y gi<ing the glass ti6 or 6oint a Juic 2low with a file or other thin e!ge! 6iece of +etal. Then with a 2low=torch heat the 2ro en e!ges until re! hot an! turn the e!ges in as seen in *ig. ). De+o<e the car2on fila+ent in the la+6 an! 2en! the two s+all 6latinu+ wires so they will 6oint at each other as in *ig. )% E E. Screw the la+6 into an or!inary wall soc et which will ser<e as a 2ase as in *ig. 7. Ma e a solution of 1 6art sul6huric aci! to I 6arts of water% an! fill the la+6 a2out two= thir!s full :*ig. 7;. This will +a e an e5cellent recei<er. It will 2e necessary to a!8ust the 6latinu+ 6oints% E E% to suit the !istance the +essage is to 2e wor e!. *or a +ile or less the 6oints shoul! 2e a2out 1G1) in. a6art% an! closer for longer !istances. The tuning coil is si+6ly a <aria2le cho ing coil% +a!e of /o. 1I insulate! co66er wire woun! on an iron core% as shown in *ig. 7. (fter win!ing% carefully scra6e the insulation fro+ one si!e of the coil% in a straight line fro+ to6 to 2otto+% the full length of the coil% unco<ering 8ust enough to allow a

goo! contact for the sli!ing 6iece. The tuning is !one 2y sli!ing the contact 6iece% which is +a!e of light co66er wire% along the con<olutions of the tuning coil until you can hear the signals. The signals are hear! in a tele6hone recei<er% which is shown connecte! in shunt across the 2in!ing 6osts of the la+6 hol!er with one or two cells of !ry 2attery in circuit% *ig.7.

The aerial line% /o.) stran!e!% is run fro+ 2in!ing=6ost B through the cho ing or tuning coil% an! for 2est results shoul! e5ten! u6 L0 ft. in the air. To wor a $0=+ile !istance the line shoul! 2e 100 or 1L0 ft. a2o<e the groun!. ( goo! way is to erect a woo!en 6ole on a house or 2arn an! carry the aerial wire to the to6 an! out to the en! of a gaff or ar+. To the en! of the aerial wire fasten a 2unch of en!less loo6s +a!e of a2out /o. 1I +agnet wire :2are or insulate!;% attaching 2oth en!s to the lea!ing or aerial wire. The aerial wire shoul! not co+e nearer than 1 ft. at any 6oint to any +etal which is groun!e!. Dun a wire fro+ the other 2in!ing 6ost% (% to the groun! an! 2e sure to +a e a goo! groun! connection. *or si+6le e56eri+ental wor on !istances of 100 ft. only% an or!inary auto+o2ile s6ar coil can 2e use! in 6lace of the +ore ela2orate coil% *igs. 1 to I. The a2o<e=+entione! instru+ents ha<e no 6atents on the+% an! anyone is at li2erty to 2uil! an! use the+. The writer !oes not clai+ to 2e the originator% 2ut si+6ly illustrates the a2o<e to show that% after all% wireless is <ery si+6le when it is once un!erstoo!. The fun!a+ental 6rinci6les are that in!uction tra<els at right angles% &0V% to the !irection of the current. *or an illustration% if a 6erson stan!ing on a 2ri!ge shoul! !ro6 a 6e22le into the water 2elow% after contact he woul! note circles ra!iating out o<er the surface of the water. These circles% 2eing at right angles% &0V% to the !irection of the force that cause! the circles% are analogous to the flow of in!uction% an! hence the aerial line% 2eing <ertical% trans+its signals horiBontally o<er the earthCs surface. Bee-3 9 0o* Wood F$lle* %85' Ehen filling nail holes in yellow 6ine use 2eeswa5 instea! of 6utty% as it +atches the color well. Ho3 to M ,e L t8e %86'

( s+all s6ee!=lathe% suita2le for turning woo! or s+all +etal articles% +ay 2e easily +a!e at <ery little e56ense. ( lathe of this in! is shown in the cut :*ig. 1;% where ( is the hea!stoc % B the 2e! an! . the tailstoc . I run +y lathe 2y 6ower% using an electric +otor an! countershaft% 2ut it coul! 2e run 2y foot 6ower if !esire!. ( large cone 6ulley woul! then 2e reJuire!% 2ut this +ay 2e +a!e in the sa+e +anner as the s+all one% which will 2e !escri2e! later.

(sse+2le! 0athe Be! an! Bearing Details The 2e! of the +achine is +a!e of woo! as shown in *igs. $ an! '% har!woo! 2eing 6refera2le for this 6ur6ose. *ig. $ shows an en! <iew of the asse+2le! 2e!% an! *ig. ' shows how the en!s are cut out to recei<e the si!e 6ieces. The hea!stoc % *ig. )% is fastene! to the 2e! 2y +eans of carriage 2olts% (% which 6ass through a 6iece of woo!% B% on the un!er si!e of the 2e!. The shaft is +a!e of 'GI=in. steel tu2ing a2out 1G8 in. thic % an! runs in 2a22itt 2earings% one of which is shown in *ig. L. To +a e these 2earings% cut a sJuare hole in the woo! as shown% +a ing half of the sJuare in each half of the 2earing. Se6arate the two hal<es of the 2earing slightly 2y 6lacing a 6iece of car!2oar! on each si!e% 8ust touching the shaft. The e!ges which touch the shaft shoul! 2e notche! li e the teeth of a saw% so as to allow the 2a22itt to run into the lower half of the 2earing. The notches for this 6ur6ose +ay 2e a2out 1G8 in. 6itch an! 1G8 in. !ee6. 7lace 6ieces of woo! against the en!s of the 2earing as shown at ( an! B% *ig. I% an! !rill a hole in the to6 of the 2earing as shown in *ig. I. The 2earing is then rea!y to 2e 6oure!. Heat the 2a22itt well% 2ut not hot enough to 2urn it% an! it is well to ha<e the shaft hot% too% so that the 2a22itt will not 2e chille! when it stri es the shaft. If the shaft is thoroughly chal e! or s+o e! the 2a22itt will not stic to it. (fter 6ouring% re+o<e the shaft an! s6lit the 2earing with a roun!% ta6ere! woo!en 6in. If the 2earing has 2een 6ro6erly +a!e% it will s6lit along the line of the notche! car!2oar! where the section of the +etal is s+allest. Then !rill a hole in the to6 as shown at (% *ig. L% !rilling 8ust !ee6 enough to ha<e the 6oint of the !rill a66ear at the lower si!e. This ca<ity acts as an oil cu6 an! 6re<ents the 2earing fro+ running !ry. The 2olts B :*ig. L; are 6asse! through holes in the woo! an! screwe! into nuts .% which are let into holes

*I9. ) Hea!stoc Details D% the holes afterwar! 2eing fille! with +elte! lea!. This ty6e of 2earing will 2e foun! <ery satisfactory an! +ay 2e use! to a!<antage on

other +achines. (fter the 2earings are co+6lete! the cone 6ulley can 2e 6lace! on the shaft. To +a e this 6ulley cut three circular 6ieces of woo! to the !i+ensions gi<en in *ig. ) an! fasten these together with nails an! glue. If not 6erfectly true% they +ay 2e turne! u6 after asse+2ling% 2y rigging u6 a te+6orary toolrest in front of the hea!stoc . The tail stoc :*ig. 7; is fastene! to the 2e! in the sa+e +anner as the hea!stoc % e5ce6t that thu+2 nuts are use! on the carriage 2olts% thus allowing the tail stoc to 2e shifte! when necessary. The +echanis+ of the center hol!er is o2taine! 2y using a 1G$= in.

*I9.7 Details of Tailstoc 6i6e% (% an! a 1G$=in. loc nut% B% e+2e!!e! in the woo!. I foun! that a woo!en tool=rest was not satisfactory% so I ha! to 2uy one% 2ut they are ine56ensi<e an! +uch han!ier than ho+e+a!e tool rest. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Donal! Dee<es% ,a 7ar % Ill. To U-e Old B tte*< C$"(- %87' Ehen the lower half of a 2attery Binc 2eco+es eaten away the re+aining 6art can 2e use! again 2y sus6en!ing it fro+ a wire as shown in the cut. Be sure an! ha<e a goo! connection at the Binc 2in!ing 6ost an! co<er that with +elte! 6araffin. This 6re<ents corrosion% which woul! otherwise occur fro+ the action of the sal a++oniac or other che+ical. The wire +ay 2e hel! at the to6 2y twisting it aroun! a 6iece of woo! or 2y !ri<ing a 6eg through the hole in the 6orcelain insulator. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0ouis 0au!er2ach% /ewar % /.J.

Showing Pinc Sus6en!e! C lle*-; A))*o (8 Al *! %87' This alar+ rings so that callers a66roaching the !oor +ay 2e seen 2efore they ring the 2ell an! one can e5ercise his 6leasure a2out a!+itting the+. If one has a woo!en wal % the alar+ is easy to fi5 u6. Ta e u6 a2out L ft. of the wal

an! nail it together so as to +a e a tra6!oor that will wor easily. 7lace a s+all s6ring un!er one en! to hol! it u6 a2out 1GI in. :(% *ig. $;. /ail a stri6 of tin along the un!er si!e of the tra6 near the s6ring an! fasten another stri6 on the 2ase2oar!% so that they will not touch% sa<e when a weight is on the tra6. .onnect u6 an electric 2ell% 6utting the 2atteries an! 2ell anywhere !esire!% an! using ru22er=co<ere!

(lar+ Dings Ehen .aller (66roaches wire outsi!e the house% an! the alar+ is co+6lete. Ehen a 6erson a66roaching the house ste6s on the tra6% the 2ell will ring an! those in the house can see who it is 2efore the !oor 2ell rings. ==.ontri2ute! 2y D. S. Jac son% Minnea6olis% Minn. E -< Met8od o0 Ele(t*o)l t$"# %88' Before 6rocee!ing to electro6late with co66er% sil<er or other +etal% clean the articles thoroughly% as the least s6ot of grease or !irt will 6re<ent

#lectro6lating (66aratus the !e6osit fro+ a!hering. Then 6olish the articles an! ru2 the+ o<er with a cloth an! fine 6u+ice 6ow!er% to roughen the surface slightly. *inally% to re+o<e all traces of grease% !i6 the articles to 2e 6late! in a 2oiling 6otash solution +a!e 2y !issol<ing I oB. (+erican ash in 1=1G$ 6t. of water. Do not touch the wor with the han!s again. To a<oi! touching it% hang the articles on the wires% 2y which they are to 2e sus6en!e! in the 6lating 2ath% 2efore !i66ing the+ in the 6otash solutionH then hol! the+ 2y the wires un!er running water for ten +inutes to co+6letely re+o<e e<ery trace of the 6otash. *or 6lating with co66er 6re6are the following solution4 I oB. co66er sul6hate !issol<e! in 1$ oB. waterH a!! strong a++onia solution until no +ore green crystals are 6reci6itate!. Then a!! +ore a++onia an! stir until the green crystals are re=!issol<e! gi<ing an intense 2lue solution. (!! slowly a strong solution of 6otassiu+ cyani!e until the 2lue color !isa66ears% lea<ing a clear solutionH a!! 6otassiu+ cyani!e again% a2out one=fourth as +uch in 2ul as use! in the !ecoloriBing 6rocess. Then +a e the solution

u6 to $ Jt. with water. Eith an electric 6ressure of '.L to I <olts% this will gi<e an e<en !e6osit of co66er on the article 2eing 6late!. ( solution for sil<er 6lating +ay 2e 6re6are! as follows4 Dissol<e 'GI oB. of co++ercial sil<er nitrate in 8 oB. of water% an! slowly a!! a strong solution of 6otassiu+ cyani!e until no +ore white 6reci6itate is thrown !own. Then 6our the liJui! off an! wash the 6reci6itate carefully. This is 2est !one 2y filling the 2ottle with water% sha ing% allowing 6reci6itate to settle an! then 6ouring off the water. De6eat si5 ti+es. Ha<ing finishe! washing the 6reci6itate% slowly a!! to it a solution of 6otassiu+ cyani!e until all the 6reci6itate is !issol<e!. Then a!! an e5cess of 6otassiu+ cyani!e==a2out as +uch as was use! in !issol<ing the 6reci6itate==an! +a e the solution u6 to 1 Jt. with water. This solution% with an electric 6ressure of $ to I <olts% will gi<e a goo! white coat of sil<er in twenty +inutes to half=an=hourH use $ <olts for large articles% an! I <olts for <ery s+all ones. If +ore solution is reJuire!% it is only necessary to !ou2le all gi<en Juantities. Before sil<er 6lating% such +etals as iron% lea!% 6ewter% Binc% +ust 2e coate! with co66er in the al aline co66er 2ath !escri2e!% an! then treate! as co66er. ,n 2rass% co66er% 9er+an sil<er% nic el an! such +etals% sil<er can 2e 6late! !irect. The !e6osit of sil<er will 2e !ull an! +ust 2e 6olishe!. The 2est +etho! is to use a re<ol<ing scratch 2rushH if one !oes not 6ossess a 2uffing +achine% a han! scratch 2rush is goo!. Ta e Juic % light stro es. 7olish the articles finally with or!inary 6late 6ow!er. The s etch shows how to sus6en! the articles in the 6lating=2ath. If accu+ulators are use!% which is a!<ise!% 2e sure to connect the 6ositi<e :or re!; ter+inal to the 6iece of sil<er hanging in the 2ath% an! the negati<e :or 2lac ; ter+inal to the article to 2e 6late!. Ehere Bunsen cells are use!% the car2on ter+inal ta es the 6lace of the 6ositi<e ter+inal of the accu+ulator. ==Mo!el #ngineer. A" I"#e"$o4- Ele(t*$( Lo(, 0o* Sl$d$"# Doo* %8:'

The a66aratus shown in *ig. 1 not only unloc s% 2ut o6ens the !oor% also% 2y si+6ly 6ressing the ey in the eyhole. In rigging it to a sli!ing !oor% the +aterials reJuire! are4 Three flat 6ulleys% an ol! electric 2ell or 2uBBer% a2out $L ft. of clothesline ro6e an! so+e /o. 18 wire. The woo!en catch% ( :*ig. 1;% +ust 2e a2out 1 in. thic

#lectric 0oc for Sli!ing Door an! 8 in. longH B shoul! 2e of the sa+e woo!% 10 in. long% with the 6i<ot $ in. fro+ the lower en!. The woo!en 2loc .% which is hel! 2y catch B% .an 2e +a!e of a $=in. 6iece of 2roo+stic . Drill a hole through the center of this 2loc for the ro6e to 6ass through% an! fasten it to the ro6e with a little tire ta6e. Ehen all this is set u6% as shown in *ig. 1% +a e a ey an! eyhole. ( 1GI in. 2olt or a large nail shar6ene! to a 6oint% as at *% *ig. '% will ser<e for the ey. To 6ro<i!e the eyhole% saw a 6iece of woo!% I% 1 in. thic 2y ' in. sJuare% an! 2ore a hole to fit the ey in the center. Ma e a so+ewhat larger 2loc :#% *ig. '; of thin woo! with a 1G8=in. hole in its center. ,n one si!e of this 2loc tac a 6iece of tin :F% *ig. '; !irectly o<er the hole. Screw the two 2loc s together% 2eing careful to 2ring the holes o66osite each other. Then% when the 6oint of the ey touches the tin% an! the larger 6art :*% *ig. '; stri es the 2ent wire 0% a circuit is co+6lete!H the 2uBBer noc s catch ( :*ig. 1;% which

rises at the o66osite en! an! allows catch B to fly forwar! an! release the 6iece of 2roo+stic .. The weight D then falls an! 8er s u6 the hoo =loc M% which unloc s the !oor% an! the hea<ier weight / i++e!iately o6ens it. Thus% with a switch as in *ig. '% the !oor can only 2e o6ene! 2y the 6erson who has the ey% for the circuit cannot 2e close! with an or!inary nail or wire. B% *ig. $% shows catch B% *ig. 1% enlarge!H 0% *ig. $% is the cut through which the ro6e runsH H% *ig. 1% is an elastic that sna6s the catch 2ac into 6lace% an! at 9 the wires run outsi!e to the eyhole. This arrange+ent is <ery con<enient when one is carrying so+ething in one han! an! can only use the other. .losing the !oor win!s u6 the a66aratus again. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #. H. Fli6stein% 11) 7ros6ect St.% #ast ,range% /ew Jersey. P *lo* M #$( 0o* W$"te* E1e"$"#- %:0' By .. H. .0(1D-ou are seate! in a 6arlor at night% with the lights turne! low. In front of you% 2etween the 6arlor an! the roo+ 2ac of it% is an u6right sJuare of 2rightly 2urning lights% surroun!ing a 6erfectly 2lac s6ace. The +agician stan!s in front of this% in his shirt slee<es% an! after a few wor!s of intro!uction 6rocee!s to show the won!ers of his +agic ca<e. Showing you 6lainly that 2oth han!s are e+6ty% he 6oints with one finger to the 2o5% where i++e!iately a66ears a s+all white china 2owl. Hol!ing his e+6ty han! o<er this 2owl% so+e oranges an! a66les !ro6 fro+ his e+6ty han! into the 2owl. He re+o<es the 2owl fro+ the 2lac 2o5% or ca<e% an! han!s its contents roun! to the au!ience. Decei<ing the 2owl again% he tosses it into the ca<e% 2ut it ne<er reaches the floor==it !isa66ears in +i!air. The illusions he shows you are too +any to retail at length. ,28ects a66ear an! !isa66ear. Hea<y +etal o28ects% such as for s% s6oons an! 8ac ni<es% which ha<e 2een shown to the au!ience an! which can ha<e no strings attache! to the+% fly a2out in the 2o5 at the will of the o6erator. ,ne thing changes to another an! 2ac again% an! 2lac art reigns su6re+e. /ow all this N+agicN is <ery si+6le an! reJuires no +ore s ill to 6re6are or e5ecute than any cle<er 2oy or girl of fourteen +ay 6ossess. It is 2ase! on the 6erfor+ance of the fa+ous Her+ann% an! relies on a 6rinci6le of o6tics for its success. To 6re6are such a +agic ca<e% the reJuisites are a large soa6 2o5% a few si+6le tools% so+e 2lac 6aint% so+e 2lac cloth% an! 6lenty of can!les. The 2o5 +ust 2e altere! first. ,ne en! is re+o<e!% an! a slit% one=thir! of the length fro+ the re+aining en!% cut in one si!e. This slit shoul! 2e as long as the wi!th of the 2o5 an! a2out fi<e inches wi!e. ,n either si!e of the 2o5% half way fro+ o6en en! to close! en!% shoul! 2e cut a hole% 8ust large enough to co+forta2ly a!+it a han! an! ar+. /e5t% the 2o5 shoul! 2e 6ainte! 2lac 2oth insi!e an! out% an! finally line! insi!e with 2lac cloth. This lining +ust 2e !one neatly=no fol!s +ust show an! no hea!s of tac s. The interior +ust 2e a !ea! 2lac . The 2o5 is 6ainte! 2lac first so that the cloth use! nee! not 2e <ery hea<yH 2ut if the cloth 2e sufficiently thic % no 6ainting insi!e is reJuire!. The whole insi!e is to 2e cloth=line!% floor% to6% si!es an! en!.

/e5t% the illu+ination in front +ust 2e arrange!. If you can ha<e a 6lu+2er +a e you a sJuare fra+e of gas=6i6ing% with tiny holes all along it for the gas to esca6e an! 2e lit% an! connect this 2y +eans of a ru22er tu2e to the gas in the house% so +uch the 2etterH 2ut a 6lentiful su66ly of short can!les will !o 8ust as well% although a little +ore trou2le. The can!les +ust 2e close together an! arrange! on little 2rac ets aroun! the whole front of the Nca<eN :see s+all cut;% an! shoul! ha<e little 6ieces of 2right tin 2ehin! the+% to throw the light towar! the au!ience. The whole function of these can!les is to !aBBle the eyes of the s6ectators% heighten the illusion% an! 6re<ent the+ seeing <ery far into the 2lac 2o5.

*inally% you +ust ha<e an assistant% who +ust 2e 6ro<i!e! with either 2lac glo<es or 2lac 2ags to go o<er his han!s an! ar+s% an! se<eral 2lac !ro6 curtains% attache! to stic s greater in length than the wi!th of the 2o5% which are let !own through the slit in the to6. The au!ience roo+ shoul! ha<e only low lightsH the roo+ where the ca<e is shoul! 2e !ar % an! if you can !ra6e 6ortieres 2etween two roo+s aroun! the 2o5 :which% of course% is on a ta2le; so +uch the 2etter. The whole secret of the tric lies in the fact that if light 2e turne! away fro+ anything 2lac % into the eyes of hi+ who loo s% the +uch fainter light reflecte! fro+ the 2lac surface will not affect the o2ser<erCs eye. .onseJuently% if% when the e5hi2itor 6uts his han! in the ca<e% his confe!erate 2ehin! inserts his han!% co<ere! with a 2lac glo<e an! hol!ing a s+all 2ag of 2lac cloth% in which are oranges an! a66les% an! 6ours the+ fro+ the 2ag into a !ish% the au!ience sees the oranges an! a66les a66ear% 2ut !oes not see the 2lac ar+ an! 2ag against the 2lac 2ac groun!. The !ish a66ears 2y ha<ing 2een 6lace! in 6osition 2ehin! a 2lac curtain% which is snatche! swiftly away at the 6ro6er +o+ent 2y the assistant. (ny article thrown into the ca<e an! caught 2y the 2lac han! an! conceale! 2y a 2lac cloth see+s to !isa66ear. (ny o28ect not too large can 2e +a!e to Nle<itateN 2y the sa+e +eans. ( 6icture of anyone 6resent +ay 2e +a!e to change into a grinning s eleton 2y su!!enly screening it with a !ro66e! curtain% while another curtain is swiftly re+o<e! fro+ o<er a 6aste2oar! s eleton% which can 2e +a!e to !ance either 2y strings% or 2y the 2lac <eile! han! hol!ing on to it fro+ 2ehin!% an! the s eleton can change to a white cat. But illusions suggest the+sel<es. There is no en! to the effects which can 2e ha! fro+ this si+6le a66aratus% an! if the o6erators are sufficiently well !rille! the result is truly re+ar a2le to the uninitiate!. The illusion% as 6resente! 2y Her+ann% was i!entical with this% only he% of course% ha! a 2ig stage% an! 6eo6le clothe! in 2lac to cree6 a2out an! !o his 2i!!ing% while here the 6ower 2ehin! the throne is 2ut a 2lac =<eile! han! an! ar+. It can 2e +a!e e<en +ore co+6licate! 2y ha<ing two assistants% one on each si!e of the 2o5% an! this is the reason why it was a!<ise! that two holes 2e cut. This ena2les an a2solutely instantaneous change as one unco<ers the o28ect at the +o+ent the secon! assistant co<ers an! re+o<es the other.

The Magic .a<e It is i+6ortant that the assistants re+ain in<isi2le throughout% an! if 6ortieres are i+6ossi2le% a screen +ust 2e use!. But any 2oy ingenious enough to follow these si+6le instructions will not nee! to 2e tol! that the whole success of the e5hi2ition !e6en!s u6on the a2solute failure of the au!ience to un!erstan! that there is +ore than one concerne! in 2ringing a2out the curious effects which are seen. The e5hi2itor shoul! 2e

a 2oy who can tal H a goo! N6atterA ==as the +agicians call it == is often of +ore <alue than a whole host of +echanical effects an! hel6ers. It is essential that the e5hi2itor an! his confe!erate 2e well !rille!% so that the latter can 6ro!uce the 6ro6er effects at the 6ro6er cue fro+ the for+er. *inally% ne<er gi<e an e5hi2ition with the Nca<eN until you ha<e watche! the illusions fro+ the front yourselfH so that you can !eter+ine whether e<erything connecte! with the !ra6ing is right% or whether so+e stray 2it of light re<eals what you wish to conceal. Re1e*-$"#7S3$t(8 0o* Ele(t*$( l E9)e*$!e"t- %:+' ( ho+e+a!e re<ersing=switch% suita2le for use 2y stu!ents of electrical an! engineering courses in 6erfor+ing e56eri+ents% is shown in the !iagra+.

*I9.$ Suita2le for Stu!entsC 1se Deferring to *ig. 1% ( re6resents a 6ine 2oar! I in. 2y I in. an! a is a circular 6iece of woo! a2out 1GI in. sJuare% with three 2rass stri6s% 21% 2$% 2'% hel! !own on it 2y two ter+inals% or 2in!ing 6osts% c1% c$% an! a co++on screw% !. 7ost c1 is connecte! to ! 2y +eans of an insulate! wire% +a ing the+ carry the sa+e in! of current :" in the s etch;. (2out the center 6iece H +o<es a !is % hel! !own 2y another !is * :*ig. $;% which is fastene! through the center 6iece to the woo!en 2ase% (% 2y +eans of two woo! screws. ,n the !is 9 are two 2rass stri6s% e1 an! e$% so arrange! that% when han!le F is turne! to one si!e% their one en! 8ust sli6s un!er the stri6s 21% 2$% or 2$% 2'% res6ecti<ely% +a ing contact with the+% as shown in *ig. $% at 0% while their other en!s sli!e in two half=circular 2rass 6lates f1% f$% hel! !own on !is * 2y two other ter+inals% c'% cI% +a ing contact with the+ as shown at y% *ig. $. The action of the switch is shown in *ig. 1. .onnect ter+inal c1 to the car2on of a 2attery% an! c$ to the Binc. Then% if you turn han!le F to the right% so that the stri6s e1 an! e$ touch 21 an! 2$% res6ecti<ely% ter+inal c' will show "% an! c1 M electricityH <ice <ersa% if you turn the han!le to the left so that e1 an! e$ touch 2$ an! 2'% res6ecti<ely% ter+inal c' will show = % an! cI " electricity. The switch is easy to +a e an! of <ery neat a66earance. Ho3 to Re(e$1e W$*ele-- Tele#* )8 Me-- #e- 3$t8 Tele)8o"e %:+'

(ny tele6hone ha<ing car2on in the trans+itter :all or!inary tele6hones ha<e car2on trans+itters; can 2e use! to recei<e wireless +essages 2y si+6ly +a ing a few changes

in the connections an! 6ro<i!ing a suita2le antenna. .onnect the trans+itter an! recei<er in series with three !ry cells an! run one wire fro+ the trans+itter to the antenna. .onnect the other trans+itter wire to a water or gas 6i6e in or!er to groun! it% an! then hol! the recei<er to your ear. (ny wireless telegra6h +essage within a ra!ius of one +ile will cause the trans+itter to act as a coherer% thus +a ing the +essage au!i2le in the recei<er. By using an or!inary tele6hone trans+itter an! recei<er an! a 1G$=in. 8u+6 s6ar coil% a co+6lete wireless telegra6h station +ay 2e +a!e% which will sen! or recei<e +essages for a ra!ius of one +ile. The acco+6anying wiring !iagra+ shows how to +a e the connections. By 6utting in an e5tra switch three of the sen!ing 2atteries +ay 2e switche! in when recei<ing% thus o2<iating the necessity of an e5tra set of 2atteries. == .ontri2ute! 2y (. #. Joerin.

Eiring Diagra+ for Eireless Telegra6h Co""e(t$"# U) B tte*$e- to G$1e A"< Volt #e %:/' Deferring to the illustration4 ( is a fi<e=6oint switch :+ay 2e ho+e+a!e; H B is a one= 6oint switch% an! . an! .1 are 2in!ing 6osts. Ehen switch B is close! an! ( is on /o. 1%

you ha<e the current of one 2atteryH when ( is on /o. $ you recei<e the current fro+ two 2atteriesH when on /o. '% fro+ three 2atteriesH when on /o. I% fro+ four 2atteries% an! when on /o. L% fro+ fi<e 2atteries. More 2atteries +ay 2e connecte! to each 6oint of switch B. I ha<e 2een using the sa+e +etho! for +y water rheostat :ho+e+a!e;. I ha<e the 8ars of water where the 2atteries are an! the current co+ing in at a an! 2. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #ugene *. Tuttle% Jr.% /ewar % ,hio.

A S$!)le A((ele*o!ete* %:/'

( si+6le accelero+eter for in!icating the increase in s6ee! of a train was !escri2e! 2y Mr. (. 7. Trotter in a 6a6er rea! 2efore the Junior Institution of #ngineers of 9reat Britain. The !e<ice consists of an or!inary $=ft. rule% (% with a 6iece of threa! tie! to the $$=in. +ar % as shown in the s etch% an! su66orting the s+all weight% B% which +ay 2e a 2utton or other s+all o28ect. The !e<ice thus arrange!% an! 6lace! on the win!owsill of the car% will in!icate the acceleration an! retar!ation as follows4 #<ery 1G$ in. tra<ele! 2y the threa!% o<er the 2ent 6ortion of the rule% in!icates an increase of or !ecrease of <elocity to the e5tent of 1 ft. 6er secon! for each secon!. Thus% it the threa! +o<e! $=1GI in. in a !irection o66osite to the +o<e+ent of the train% then the train woul! 2e increasing its s6ee! at the rate of I= 1G$ ft. 6er secon!. If the threa! is tie! at the 17=in. +ar % then each half inch will re6resent the +ile 6er hour increase for each secon!. Thus if the threa! +o<es 1 in.% it shows that the train is gaining $ +iles an hour each secon!. A" E##7S8ell F4""el %:/' Bottles ha<ing s+all nec s are har! to fill without s6illing the liJui!. ( funnel cannot 2e use! in a s+all o6ening% an! 6ouring with a gra!uate glass reJuires a stea!y han!. Ehen you !o not ha<e a gra!uate at han!% a half egg=shell with a s+all hole 6ric e! in the en! will ser<e 2etter than a funnel. 7lace the shell in an o<en to 2rown the surface slightly an! it will 2e less 2rittle an! last +uch longer. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Maurice Bau= !ier% /ew ,rleans% 0a. H "d< Ele(t*$( Al *! %:2' (n electric alar+ which one +ay turn off fro+ the 2e! without arising co+2ine! with a light which +ay 2e turne! on an! off fro+ a lying 6osition% so one can see the ti+e% is the !e<ice of H. #. De!+on!% of Burlington% Eis. The alar+ cloc rests on a shelf% (%

Han!y #lectric (lar+

which has a 6iece of +etal% B% fastene! in such a 6osition that the +etal ro! .% sol!ere! to the alar+ win!er% will co+6lete the circuit an! ring the 2ell. The two=6oint switch D is close! nor+ally at #% 2ut +ay 2e close! at * any ti+e !esire!% thus turning on the s+all incan!escent light 9% which illu+inates the face of the cloc . Ehen the alar+ goes off% the 2ell will continue to ring until the switch is o6ene!. To >ee) Do#- "d C t- A3 < 0*o! t8e G *. #e7C " %:2' 0ast su++er I was annoye! a great !eal 2y !ogs u6setting our gar2age can on the lawn% 2ut finally e5ecute! a 6lan that ri! the yar! of the+ in one afternoon. I first secure! a +agneto out of an ol! tele6hone% then !ro<e a s6i e in a !a+6 6lace un!er the 6orch% attache! a wire to the s6i e an! ran the wire to one of the 6oles of the +agneto. Then I set the gar2age=can on so+e 2loc s of woo!% 2eing careful not to ha<e it touch the groun! at any 6oint. I ne5t ran a wire fro+ the other 6ole of the

+agneto to the can% wra66ing the wire aroun! the can se<eral ti+es. Then I sat !own on the 6orch to wait. It was not long 2efore a 2ig greyhoun! ca+e along% 6utting his fore6aws on the to6 of the can to u6set it. (t the sa+e instant I ga<e the +agneto a Juic turn% which sent the !og away a <ery sur6rise! ani+al. This was re6eate! se<eral ti+es !uring the afternoon with other !ogs% an! with the sa+e result. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9or!on T. 0ane% .rafton% 7a. Ho3 to C*o-St*e ! o" Lo# %:2'

Ehen crossing a water course on a fence rail or s+all log% !o not face u6 or !own the strea+ an! wal si!eways% for a wetting is the ine<ita2le result. Instea!% fi5 the eye on the o66osite shore an! wal stea!ily forwar!. Then if a +isha6 co+es% you will fall with one leg an! ar+ encircling the 2ri!ge. ==.. .. S.

Rel < M de 0*o! Ele(t*$( Bell %:2' It is not necessary to re+o<e the a!8usting=screw when changing an electric 2ell into a relay. Si+6ly twist it aroun! as at ( an! 2en! the circuit=2rea ing contact 2ac as shown. It +ay 2e necessary to re+o<e the hea! of the screw% (% to 6re<ent short= circuiting with the ar+ature. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (. 0. Macey% /ew -or .ity.

Fo4"d*< Wo*, t Ho!e %:5' The #Jui6+ent R&LS Many a+ateur +echanics who reJuire s+all +etal castings in their wor woul! li e to +a e their own castings. This can easily 2e !one at ho+e without going to any great e56ense% an! the <ariety an! usefulness of the articles 6ro!uce! will +a e the eJui6+ent a goo! in<est+ent. Eith the easily +a!e !e<ices a2out to 2e !escri2e!% the young +echanic can +a e his own telegra6h eys an! soun!ers% 2attery Bincs% 2in!ing 6osts% engines% cannons% 2earings% s+all +achinery 6arts% +o!els an! +iniature o28ects% orna+ents of <arious in!s% an! !u6licates of all these% an! +any other interesting an! useful articles. The first thing to +a e is a +ol!ing 2ench% as shown in *ig. 1. It is 6ossi2le to +a e +ol!s without a 2ench% 2ut it is a +ista e to try to !o this% as the san! is sure to get on the floor% whence it is soon trac e! into the house. The 2ench will also +a e the o6eration of +ol!ing +uch easier an! will 6ro<e to 2e a great con<enience. The 2ench shoul! 2e +a!e of lu+2er a2out 1 in. thic an! shoul! 2e constructe! in the for+ of a trough% as shown. Two cleats% ((% shoul! 2e naile! to the front an! 2ac to su66ort the cross=2oar!s% B#% which in turn su66ort the +ol! while it is 2eing +a!e. The o28ect of using the cleats an! re+o<a2le cross=2oar!s instea! of a stationary shelf is to gi<e access to the san!% .% when it is 2eing 6re6are!. (2out one or two cu2ic feet of fine +ol!ing=san! will 2e reJuire!% which +ay% 2e 6urchase! at the nearest foun!ry for a s+all su+. -ellow san! will 2e foun! a little 2etter for the a+ateurCs wor than the 2lac san! generally use! in +ost foun!ries% 2ut if no yellow san! can 2e o2taine! the 2lac in! will !o. If there is no foun!ry

*ig. 1 = .on<enient (rrange+ent of Bench an! Tools

near at han!% try using san! fro+ other sources% gi<ing 6reference to the finest san! an! that which clings together in a ca e when co+6resse! 2etween the han!s. .o++on la e or ri<er san! is not suita2le for the 6ur6ose% as it is too coarse an! will not +a e a goo! +ol!. *or +i5ing an! 6re6aring the san! a s+all sho<el% D% an! a sie<e% #% will 2e reJuire!. If !esire! the sie<e +ay 2e ho+e+a!e. ,r!inary wire netting such as is use! in screen !oors% is a2out the right +esh% an! this% naile! to re6lace the 2otto+ of a 2o5% +a es a <ery goo! sie<e. The ra++er% *% is +a!e of woo!% an! is we!ge=sha6e! at one en! an! flat at the other% as shown. In foun!ries each +ol!er generally uses two ra++ers% 2ut for the s+all wor which will 2e !escri2e! one will 2e sufficient. (n ol! teas6oon% 9% will 2e foun! useful in the +ol!ing o6erations an! +ay 2e hung on the wall or other con<enient 6lace when not in use. The cloth 2ag% H% which can 2e +a!e of a nitte! stoc ing% is fille! with coal !ustH which is use! for a 6arting +e!iu+ in +a ing the +ol!s. Ta e a s+all lu+6 of soft coal an! re!uce to 6ow!er 2y 6oun!ing. Screen out all the coarse 6ieces an! 6ut the re+ain!er in the 2ag. ( slight sha e of the 2ag

*ig. $ = Ho+e+a!e *las o<er the +ol! will then cause a clou! of coal=!ust to fall on it% thus 6re<enting the two layers of san! fro+ stic ing% 2ut this o6eration will 2e !escri2e! +ore fully later on. The flas % J% *ig. 1% is shown +ore clearly in *ig. $. It is +a!e of woo! an! is in two hal<es% the Nco6e%N or u66er half% an! the N!rag%N or lower 6art. ( goo! way to +a e the flas is to ta e a 2o5% say 1$ in. 2y 8 in. 2y ) in. high% an! saw it in half longitu!inally% as shown. If the 2o5 is not <ery strong% the corners shoul! 2e 2race! with triangular woo!en stri6s% ( (% which shoul! 2e naile! in% 6re<ious to sawing. The woo!en stri6s BB are use! to hol! the san!% which woul! otherwise sli!e out of the flas when the two hal<es of the +ol! are se6arate!. The !owels% .., are a <ery i+6ortant 6art of the flas as u6on the+ !e6en!s the +atching of the two hal<es of the +ol!. ( we!ge=sha6e! 6iece% .., is naile! to each en! of the co6e% an! the lower 6ieces% DD% are then naile! on the !rag so that they 8ust touch . when the flas is close!. The two hal<es of the flas will then occu6y e5actly the sa+e relati<e 6osition whene<er they are 6ut together. (fter the flas is !one +a e two 2oar!s as shown at F% *ig. 1% a little larger than the outsi!e of the flas . ( cou6le of cleats naile! to each 2oar! will +a e it easier to 6ic u6 the +ol! when it is on the floor. ( cast=iron glue=6ot +a es a <ery goo! cruci2le for +elting the +etal% which can 2e either alu+inu+% white +etal% Binc or any other +etal ha<ing a low +elting=6oint. This co+6letes the eJui6+ent with the e5ce6tion of one or two si+6le !e<ices which will now 2e !escri2e!. II = How to Ma e a Mol! R&)S

Ha<ing finishe! +a ing the flas an! other eJui6+ent% as !escri2e!% e<erything will 2e rea!y for the o6eration of +ol!ing. It woul! 2e well for those who ha<e ne<er ha! any e56erience in this line to <isit a s+all 2rass foun!ry% where they can watch the +ol!ers at wor % as it is +uch easier to learn 2y o2ser<ationH 2ut they +ust not e56ect to +a e a goo! +ol! at the first trial. The first atte+6t usually results in the san! !ro66ing out of the co6e when it is 2eing lifte! fro+ the !rag% either 2ecause of insufficient ra++ing aroun! the e!ges or 2ecause the san! is too !ry. ( goo! way to tell when the san! is +oist enough is to sJueeBe it in the han!. If it for+s into a ca e an! shows all the finger=+ar s% it has a sufficient a+ount of +oisture% 2ut if it cru+2les or fails to ca e it is too !ry. (n or!inary watering=6ot will 2e foun! useful in +oistening the san!% 2ut care shoul! 2e ta en not to get it too wet% or the hot +etal co+ing in contact with it when the +ol! is 6oure! will cause such ra6i! e<a6oration that the +ol! will N2oilN an! +a e a 6oor casting. ( little 6ractice in this o6eration will soon ena2le the +ol!er to !eter+ine the correct a+ount of +oisture. Ehen +ol!ing with san! for the first ti+e it will 2e necessary to screen it all 2efore using it% in or!er to re+o<e the lu+6s% an! if water is a!!e!% the san! shoul! 2e thoroughly sho<ele! until the +oisture is e<enly !istri2ute!. The san! is then rea!y for +ol!ing. The o6eration of +a ing a +ol! is as follows4 The lower half of the flas % or N!rag%N an! the 6attern to 2e +ol!e! are 2oth 6lace! on the co<er 2oar! as shown at (. ( Juantity of san! sufficient to co+6letely co<er the 6attern is then sifte! into the !rag% which is then fille! le<el with the to6 with unscreene! san!. This is ra++e! !own slightly with the ra++er% an! then +ore san! is a!!e! until

*ig. '=Ma ing a Mol! it 2eco+es hea6e! u6 as shown at B. It is then ra++e! again as 2efore. It is i+6ossi2le to !escri2e 8ust how har! a +ol! shoul! 2e ra++e!% 2ut 2y o2ser<ing the results the 2eginner can tell when a +ol! is too har! or too soft% an! thus 8u!ge for hi+self. If the san! falls out of the flas when lifting the co6e% or if it o6ens u6 or s6rea!s after it is 6oure!% it shows that the +ol! has 2een ra++e! too little% an! if the surface of the san! ne5t to the 6attern is crac e! it shows that the +ol! has 2een ra++e! too har!. It will 2e foun! that the e!ges of the +ol! can stan! a little +ore ra++ing than the +i!!le. In finishing the ra++ing% 6oun! e<enly all o<er the surface with the 2lunt en! of the ra++er. (fter ra++ing% scra6e off the sur6lus san! with a straight=e!ge! stic % as shown at .% an! scatter a2out 1G1) in. of loose san! o<er the surface for a goo! 2earing. 7lace another co<er 2oar! on to6% as shown at D% an! 2y gras6ing with 2oth han!s% as shown% turn the !rag other si!e u6. De+o<e the u66er co<er 2oar! an! 6lace the u66er half of the flas % or Nco6e%N in 6osition% as shown at #. In or!er to 6re<ent the two layers of san! stic ing together% the surface of the san! at

# shoul! 2e co<ere! with coal=!ust. This is !one 2y sha ing the coal=!ust 2ag o<er the flas % after which the !ust on the 6attern +ay 2e re+o<e! 2y 2lowing. The co6e is then fille! with san! an! ra++e! in e5actly the sa+e +anner as in the case of the !rag. (fter the ra++ing is !one a nu+2er of <ent holes are +a!e% as shown at *% fro+ the surface of the +ol! to the 6attern% in or!er to allow the esca6e of air an! stea+ when the +ol! is 2eing 6oure!. These <ent holes +ay 2e +a!e 2y 6ushing a wire a2out the siBe of a nitting=nee!le !own through the san! until it touches the 6attern. The Ns6rue%N or 6ouring=hole% is ne5t cut% 2y +eans of the s6rue=cutter shown at the right% which consists of a 6iece of thin 2rass or steel tu2ing a2out 'GI in. in !ia+eter. /ow co+es the critical 6art of the +ol!ing o6eration==that of lifting the co6e fro+ the !rag. It is here that the a+ateur often 2eco+es !iscourage!% as the san! is lia2le to fall out of the co6e an! s6oil the +ol!H 2ut with a little 6ractice an! 6atience the +ol!er can lift the co6e e<ery ti+e without 2rea ing it% as shown at 9. The ne5t o6eration is that of cutting the gate% which carries the +olten +etal fro+ the s6rue to the o6ening left 2y the 6attern. This is !one with a s6oon% a channel 2eing cut a2out 'GI in. wi!e an! a2out 1GI in. !ee6. The 6attern is then !rawn fro+ the +ol!% as shown at H% 2y !ri<ing a shar6 6ointe! steel ro! into the 6attern an! lifting it fro+ the san!. Ehen a +etal 6attern is use! a threa! ro! is use!% which is screwe! into a ta66e! hole in the 6attern. Before !rawing it is well to ta6 the !rawing=ro! lightly with another an! larger ro!% stri ing it in all !irections an! thus loosening the san! slightly fro+ the 6attern. So+e +ol!ers ta6 the 6attern gently when with!rawing% as shown at H% in or!er to loosen any san! which has a ten!ency to stic . (fter !rawing the 6attern% 6lace the co6e 2ac on the !rag% as shown at J. 7lace a 2ric or other flat% hea<y o28ect on to6 of the +ol! a2o<e the 6attern% to 6re<ent the 6ressure of the +elte! +etal se6arating the two hal<es of the +ol!% an! then 6our. III= Melting an! 7ouring R&8S Ha<ing 6re6are! one or +ore +ol!s% the ne5t o6eration is that of +elting an! 6ouring. (n or!inary cast=iron glue=6ot +a es a goo! cruci2le an! can 2e easily han!le! 2y a 6air of tongs% +a!e out of steel ro!% as shown in the s etch. In or!er to hol! the tongs together a s+all lin can 2e sli66e! on o<er the han!le% thus hol!ing the cruci2le securely. ( secon! 6iece of steel ro! 2ent in the for+ of a hoo at the en! is <ery useful for su66orting the weight of the cruci2le an! 6re<ents s6illing the +olten +etal shoul! the tongs sli6 off the cruci2le. The hoo is also useful for re+o<ing the cruci2le fro+ the fire% which shoul! 2e !one soon after the +etal is entirely +elte!% in or!er to 6re<ent o<erheating. The +etal shoul! 2e 6oure! into the +ol! in a s+all strea+% to gi<e the air a chance to esca6e% an! shoul! not 2e 6oure! !irectly into the center of the o6ening% as the +etal will then stri e the 2otto+ har! enough to loosen the san!% thus +a ing a !irty casting.

*ig. I =7ouring the Metal If% after 2eing 6oure!% the +ol! s6utters an! e+its large <olu+es of stea+% it shows that the san! is too wet% an! the castings in such cases will 6ro2a2ly 2e i+6erfect an! full of holes.

( +ol! +a!e in the +anner 6re<iously !escri2e! +ay 2e 6oure! with any !esire! +etal% 2ut a +etal which is easily +elte! will gi<e the least trou2le. ,ne of the easiest +etals to +elt an! one which +a es <ery attracti<e castings is 6ure tin. Tin +elts at a te+6erature slightly a2o<e the +elting 6oint of sol!er% an!% although so+ewhat e56ensi<e% the 6er+anent 2rightness an! sil<er=li e a66earance of the castings is <ery !esira2le. ( goo! Nwhite +etalN +ay 2e +a!e 2y +i5ing 7LW tin% 1LW lea!% LW Binc an! LW anti+ony. The o28ect of a!!ing anti+ony to an alloy is to 6re<ent shrin age when cooling. ( <ery econo+ical alloy is +a!e 2y +elting u6 all the ol! ty6e=+etal% 2a22itt% 2attery Bincs% white +etal an! other scra6 a<aila2le% an! a!!ing a little anti+ony if the +etal shrin s too +uch in cooling. If a goo! furnace is a<aila2le% alu+inu+ can 2e +elte! without any !ifficulty% although this +etal +elts at a higher te+6erature than any of the +etals 6re<iously +entione!. In casting Bincs for 2atteries a se6arate cruci2le% use! only for Binc% is <ery !esira2le% as the 6resence of a <ery s+all a+ount of lea! or other i+6urity will cause the 2atteries to 6olariBe. ( <ery goo! way to +a e the 2in!ing 6osts is to re+o<e the 2in!ing 6osts fro+ worn=out !ry 2atteries an! 6lace the+ in the +ol!s in such a way that the +elte! Binc will flow aroun! the+. The ti+e reJuire! for a casting to soli!ify <aries with the siBe an! sha6e of the casting% 2ut unless the 6attern is a <ery large one a2out fi<e +inutes will 2e a+6le ti+e for it to set. The casting is then !u+6e! out of the +ol! an! the san! 2rushe! off. The gate can 2e re+o<e! with either a col! chisel or a hac saw% an! the casting is then rea!y for finishing. B tte*< S3$t(8 %::' In cases where 2atteries are use! in series an! it is !esira2le to change the strength an! !irection of the current freJuently% the following !e<ice will 2e foun! +ost con<enient. In +y own case I use! four 2atteries% 2ut any reasona2le nu+2er +ay 2e use!. Deferring to the figure% it will 2e seen that 2y +o<ing the switch ( towar! the left the current can 2e re!uce! fro+ four 2atteries to none% an! then 2y +o<ing the switch B towar! the right the current can 2e turne! on in the o66osite

!irection to the !esire! strength. In the <arious 6ositions of these two switches the current fro+ each in!i<i!ual cell% or fro+ any a!8acent 6air of cells% +ay 2e use! in either !irection. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Harol! S. Morton% Minnea6olis. A" O)t$( l Ill4-$o" %::' The engra<ing shows a 6erfectly straight 2o5woo! rule lai! o<er a nu+2er of turne! 2rass rings of <arious siBes. (lthough the effect in the illustration

(n ,6tical Illusion is less 6ronounce! than it was in reality% it will 2e notice! that the rule a66ears to 2e 2ent% 2ut sighting along the rule fro+ one en! will show that it is 6erfectly straight. The 2rass rings also a66ear !istorte!. The 6ortions on one si!e of the rule !o not a66ear to 2e a continuation of those on the other% 2ut that they really are can 2e 6ro<e! 2y sighting in the sa+e +anner as 2efore. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Draughts+an% .hicago. Ne3 Met8od o0 L$0t$"# T .le %::'

To 6erfor+ this feat effecti<ely the little !e<ice illustrate! will 2e reJuire!. To +a e it ta e a sheet=iron 2an!% (% 'GI in. wi!e an! attach a stra6 to fasten on the forear+ 2etween the wrist an! el2ow. 7ut a shar6 nee!le 6oint% B% through the sheet=iron so that it e5ten!s 'GI in. outwar!. Ma e one of these 6ieces for each ar+. In lifting the ta2le first show the han!s un6re6are! to the au!ience an! also a tight ta2le% re+o<ing the co<er to show that the surface of the ta2le is not 6re6are! in any way. Then re6lace the ta2le%

rest the han!s u6on it an! at the sa+e ti+e 6ress the nee!le 6oints in the ar+ 6ieces into the woo! of the ta2le% which will 2e sufficient to hol! it% says a corres6on!ent of the S6hin5. Then wal !own a+ong the au!ience. Ho3 to M ,e P ddle Bo t %&00'

( row2oat has se<eral !isa!<antages. The o6eration of the oars is 2oth tireso+e an! uninteresting% an! the oars+an is o2lige! to tra<el% 2ac war!.

By re6lacing the oars with 6a!!les% as shown in the illustration% the o6erator can see where he is going an! en8oy the e5ercise +uch 2etter than with oars. He can easily steer the 2oat with his feet% 2y +eans of a 6i<ote! stic in the 2otto+ of the 2oat% connecte! 2y cor!s to the ru!!er. (t the 2lac s+ith sho6 ha<e a LG8=in. shaft +a!e% as shown at (% *ig. $. It will 2e necessary to furnish a s etch gi<ing all the !i+ensions of the shaft% which shoul! 2e !esigne! to suit the !i+ensions of the 2oat% ta ing care that sufficient clearance is allowe!% so that the cran s in re<ol<ing will not stri e the o6eratorCs nees. If !esire!% s6lit=woo! han!les +ay 2e 6lace! on the cran s% to 6re<ent the+ fro+ ru22ing the han!s. The 2earings% B% +ay 2e +a!e of har!woo!% 2ut 6refera2ly of iron 6i6e fille! with

+elte! 2a22itt. If 2a22itt is use!% either thoroughly s+o e or chal the shaft or wra6 6a6er aroun! it to 6re<ent the 2a22itt stic ing. The 6ieces of 6i6e +ay 2e then fastene! to the 2oat 2y +eans of s+all 6i6e stra6s% such as +ay 2e o2taine! at any 6lu+2erCs at a <ery s+all cost. The hu2s% .% shoul! 2e +a!e of woo!% !rille! to fit the shaft an! +ortise! out to hol! the 6a!!les% D. The co<ers% #% +ay 2e constructe! of thin woo! or gal<aniBe! iron an! shoul! 2e 2race! 2y triangular 2oar!s% as shown in *ig. 1. If gal<aniBe! iron is use!% it shoul! 2e e56ose! to the weather two or three +onths 2efore 6ainting% or the 6aint will co+e off% s6oiling its a66earance.

Detail of 7a!!le Boat Pe(4l$ * P*o)e*t$e- o0 I(e %&00' ,f all the 2oys who +a e snow2alls 6ro2a2ly few now what occurs !uring the 6rocess. 1n!er or!inary con!itions water turns to ice when the te+6erature falls to '$V% 2ut when in +otion% or un!er 6ressure% +uch lower te+6eratures are reJuire! to +a e it a soli!. In the sa+e way% ice which is so+ewhat 2elow the freeBing 6oint can 2e +a!e liJui! 2y a66lying 6ressure% an! will re+ain liJui! until the 6ressure is re+o<e!% when it will again return to its original state. Snow% 2eing si+6ly finely !i<i!e! ice% 2eco+es liJui! in 6laces when co+6resse! 2y the han!s% an! when the 6ressure is re+o<e! the liJui! 6ortions soli!ify an! unite all the 6articles in one +ass. In e5tre+ely col! weather it is al+ost i+6ossi2le to +a e a snow2all% 2ecause a greater a+ount of 6ressure is then reJuire! to +a e the snow liJui!. This 6rocess of +elting an! freeBing un!er !ifferent 6ressures an! a constant te+6erature is well illustrate! 2y the e56eri+ent shown in *igs. 1% $ an! '. ( 2loc of ice% (% *ig. 1% is

#56eri+ent with a Bloc of Ice su66orte! at each en! 2y 2o5es BB% an! a weight% E% is hung on a wire loo6 which 6asses aroun! the ice as shown. The 6ressure of the wire will then +elt the ice an! allow the wire to sin !own through the ice as shown in *ig. $. The wire will continue to cut its way through the ice until it 6asses all the way through the 6iece% as shown in *ig. '. This e56eri+ent not only illustrates how ice +elts un!er 6ressure% 2ut also how it soli!ifies when the 6ressure is re+o<e!% for the 2loc wi11 still 2e left in one 6iece after the wire has 6asse! through. (nother 6eculiar 6ro6erty of ice is its ten!ency to flow. It +ay see+ strange that ice

shoul! flow li e water% 2ut the glaciers of SwitBerlan! an! other countries are literally ri<ers of ice. The snow which accu+ulates on the +ountains in <ast Juantities is turne! to ice as a result of the enor+ous 6ressure cause! 2y its own weight% an! flows through the natural channels it has +a!e in the roc until it reaches the <alley 2elow. In flowing through these channels it freJuently 6asses aroun! 2en!s% an! when two 2ranches co+e together the 2o!ies of ice unite the sa+e as water woul! un!er the sa+e con!itions. The rate of flow is often <ery slowH so+eti+es only one or two feet a !ay% 2ut% no +atter how slow the +otion +ay 2e% the large 2o!y of ice has to 2en! in +o<ing. This 6ro6erty of ice is har! to illustrate with the su2stance itself% 2ut +ay 2e clearly shown 2y sealing=wa5% which rese+2les ice in this res6ect. (ny atte+6t to 2en! a 6iece of col! sealing=wa5 with the han!s results in 2rea ing it% 2ut 2y 6lacing it 2etween 2oo s% as shown on 6age )L% or su66orting it in so+e si+ilar way% it will gra!ually change fro+ the original sha6e (% an! assu+e the sha6e shown at B. Ret4*"7C ll Bell W$t8 O"e W$*e %&0&' To use only one wire for a return call 2ell connect u6 as shown in the !iagra+% using a close! circuit or gra<ity 2attery% B. The current is flowing through 2oth 2ells all the ti+e% the sa+e as the coils of a telegra6h soun!er% 2ut is not strong enough to ring 2oth connecte! in series. 7ressing either 6ush 2utton% 7% +a es a short circuit of that 2ell an! rings the one at the other en! of the line. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9or!on T. 0ane% .rafton% 7a.

Eiring Diagra+ C$*(4$t B*e ,e* 0o* I"d4(t$o" Co$l- %&0&' (+ateurs 2uil!ing in!uction coils are generally 2othere! 2y the <i2rator contacts 2lac ening% thus gi<ing a high resistance contact% whene<er there is any connection +a!e at all. This trou2le +ay 2e !one away with 2y !e6arting fro+ the ol! single= contact <i2rator an! using one with self=cleaning contacts as shown. (n ol! 2ell +agnet is rewoun! full of /o. $) !ou2le cotton=co<ere! wire an! is +ounte!

Interru6ter for In!uction .oil u6on one en! of a 6iece of thin sheet iron 1 in. 2y L in. as 6er s etch. To the other en! of the stri6 of iron is sol!ere! a 6iece of 2rass 1G)I in. 2y 1GI% in. 2y $ in.% on each en! of which has 2een sol!ere! a 6atch of 6latinu+ foil 1GI in. sJuare. The whole is connecte! u6 an! +ounte! on a 2ase2oar! as 6er s etch% the contact 6osts 2eing of 1GI in. 2y 1G$ in. 2rass% 2ent into sha6e an! 6ro<i!e! with 6latinu+ ti66e!

thu+2 screws. The a!<antage of this style of an interru6ter is that at each stro e there is a wi6ing effect at the hea<y current contact which auto+atically cleans off any car2on !e6osit. In the wiring !iagra+% ( is the circuit 2rea erH B% the in!uction coil% an! .% the 2attery. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (. 9. Ear!% Eil ins2urg% 7a. S)$t T4*"ed .< W te* Po3e* %&0+' Many of the Bulgarian 6easants !o their coo ing in the o6en air o<er 2onfires. The illustration shows a la2orsa<ing +achine in use which ena2les the coo to go away an! lea<e +eat roasting for an hour at a ti+e. The

*or a Su++er .a+6 illustration shows how the s6it to which the +eat is fastene! is constantly turne! 2y +eans of a slowly +o<ing water wheel. So+e of our rea!ers +ay wish to try the sche+e when ca+6ing out. The success !e6en!s u6on a slow current% for a fast=turning wheel will 2urn the +eat. A S8o*t7D$-t "(e W$*ele-- Tele#* )8 %&0+' The acco+6anying !iagra+s show a wireless=telegra6h syste+ that I ha<e use! successfully for signaling a !istance of '%000 ft. The trans+itter consists of an in!uction coil% a2out the siBe use! for auto+o2iles% a ey or 6ush=2utton for co+6leting the circuit% an! fi<e !ry 2atteries. The s+all single=6oint switch is left o6en as shown when sen!ing a +essage% 2ut when recei<ing it shoul! 2e close! in or!er that the electric wa<es fro+ the antenna +ay 6ass through the coherer. The coherer in this case is si+6ly two electric=light car2ons shar6ene! to a we!ge at one en! with a nee!le

Eiring Diagra+ for Eireless Telegra6h connecting the two% as shown. (n or!inary tele6hone recei<er is connecte! in series with the coherer% as shown. To recei<e +essages hol! the recei<er to the ear an! close the switch% an! answer 2y o6ening the switch an! o6erating the ey. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .oulson 9lic % In!iana6olis. A4to! t$( D* 0t7O)e"e* %&0+' ( si+6le a66aratus that will o6en the !raft of the furnace at any hour !esire! is illustrate!. The 6arts are4 (% furnaceH B% !raftH .% !raft chainH D% 6ulleysH #% woo!en su66ortsH *% <ertical le<erH 9% horiBontal le<erH H% cor!H ID alar+ cloc H J% weight. F

shows where an! how the !raft is regulate! !uring the !ay% the auto+atic

Draft Degulator !e<ice 2eing use! to o6en it early in the +orning. The s6ool on the alar+ cloc is fastene! to the alar+ ey 2y sawing a slit across the to6 of the s6ool an! gluing it on. Ehen the alar+ goes off a cor! is woun! u6 on the s6ool an! 6ulls the horiBontal le<er u6% which releases the <ertical le<er an! allows the weight to 6ull the !raft o6en. == .ontri2ute! 2y 9or!on Da<is% Fala+aBoo% Mich. A W$"do3 Co"-e*1 to*< %&0/' During the winter +onths% where house 6lants are e6t in the ho+e% it is always a Juestion how to arrange the+ so they can get the necessary light without occu6ying too +uch roo+. The s etch shows how a neat win!ow conser<atory +ay 2e +a!e at s+all cost that can 2e fastene! on the house 8ust co<ering a win!ow% which will 6ro<i!e a fine 6lace for the 6lants. The fra+e :*ig. $; is +a!e of a2out $ 2y $=in. +aterial fra+e! together as shown in *ig. '. This fra+e shoul! 2e +a!e with the three o6enings of such a siBe that a four=6ane! sash% such as use! for a stor+ win!ow% will fit nicely in the+. If the four <ertical 6ieces that are shown in *ig. $ are !resse! to the right angle% then it will 2e easy to 6ut on the finishing corner 2oar!s that hol! the sash.

(rtistic Ein!ow Bo5es The to6% as well as the 2otto+% is constructe! with two s+all 6ieces li e the rafters% on which is naile! the sheathing 2oar!s an! then the shingles on to6 an! the finishing 2oar!s on the 2otto+. Ho3 to M ,e " Ele(t*o-(o)e %&0/'

(n electrosco6e for !etecting electrifie! 2o!ies +ay 2e +a!e out of a 6iece of note 6a6er% a cor an! a nee!le. 7ush the nee!le into the cor % an! cut the 6a6er in the sha6e of a s+all arrow. Balance the arrow on the nee!le

Si+6le #lectrosco6e as shown in the s etch% an! the instru+ent will then 2e co+6lete. If a 6iece of 6a6er is then heate! o<er a la+6 or sto<e an! ru22e! with a 6iece of cloth or a s+all 2roo+% the arrow will turn when the 6a6er is 2rought near it. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E+. E. 9rant% Hali= fa5% /. S.% .ana!a. M$"$ t4*e Ele(t*$( L$#8t$"# %&02' 7ro!ucing electric light 2y +eans of s+all 2ul2s that gi<e fro+ one=half to si5 can!le 6ower% an! a suita2le source of 6ower% is so+ething that will interest the a<erage (+erican 2oy. These circular 2ul2s range fro+ 1GI to $ in. in !ia+eter% an! cost $7 cents

*I9. 1 each co+6lete with 2ase. They are co++only nown as +iniature 2attery 2ul2s% since a 2attery is the +ost 6o6ular source of 6ower. The 1G$=c6. 2ul2s are usually $=1G$ <olts an! ta e 1GI a+6ere of current. It reJuires a2out three +e!iu+ !ry cells to o6erate it. Howe<er% there is now u6on the +ar et a 2attery consisting of ' s+all !ry cells connecte! in series% 6ut u6 in a neat case with $ 2in!ing 6osts% which sells for $L cents. This is +ore econo+ical than !ry cells% as it gi<es a2out I <olts an! ' a+6eres. It will run as large a la+6 a '=1G$ <olts% 1 c6.% for so+e ti+e <ery satisfactorily. More than one la+6 can 2e run 2y connecting the 2ul2s in 6arallel% as in!icate! 2y *ig. 1% which shows the s6ecial 2attery with ' !ry cells in the case% an! the $ 2in!ing 6osts for connection with the 2ul2s. In this case it is also a!<isa2le to connect se<eral 2atteries in 6arallel also% so as to increase the current% 2ut +aintain the <oltage constant. Thus the in!i<i!ual cells are in +ulti6le series% i. e.% +ulti6les of series of three. By ee6ing in +in! the a+6ere out6ut of the 2attery an! rating of the la+6% one can regulate the 2atteries as reJuire!. It +ust 2e re+e+2ere!% in this connection% that any 2attery which is !rawn u6on for half of its out6ut will last a66ro5i+ately three ti+es as long% as if !rawn u6on for its total out6ut. Thus% in any syste+ of la+6s% it is econo+ical to 6ro<i!e twice as +any 2atteries as necessary. This also su66lies a +eans of still +aintaining the can!le 6ower when the 2atteries are 6artially e5hauste!% 2y connecting the+ in series. Howe<er% this +ust 2e !one with <ery great caution% as the lights will 2e 2urnt out if the <oltage is too high. 7ersons li<ing in the city will fin! an econo+ical +eans of lighting la+6s 2y securing e5hauste! 2atteries fro+ any garage% where they are gla! to ha<e the+ ta en away. ( certain nu+2er of these% after a rest% can 2e connecte! u6 in series% an! will gi<e the

6ro6er <oltage. In conclusion% for 2attery 6ower4 .onnecting 2atteries in series increases the <oltage% an! slightly cuts !own the current or a+6erage% which is the sa+e as that of one 2atteryH while connecting 2atteries in 6arallel increases the a+6erage% 2ut hol!s the <oltage the sa+e as that of one cell. Thus% if the <oltage an! a+6erage of any cell 2e nown% 2y the 6ro6er co+2ination of these% we can secure the reJuire! <oltage an! a+6erage to light any +iniature la+6. (n! it +ight 2e sai! that !ry cells are the 2est for this 6ur6ose% es6ecially those of low internal resistance. *I9.$

*or those ha<ing a goo! water su66ly there is a +ore econo+ical +eans of +aintenance% although the first cost is greater. *ig. $ shows the sche+e. ( s+all !yna+o !ri<en 2y a water +otor attache! to a faucet% generates the 6ower for the lights. The cost of the s+allest outfit of the in! is a2out K' for the water +otor an! KI for the !yna+o. This !yna+o has an out6ut of 1$ watts% an! will 6ro!uce fro+ 18 to $L c6.% accor!ing to the water 6ressure o2taina2le. It is a!<isa2le to install the outfit in the 2ase+ent% where the water 6ressure is the greatest% an! then lea! /o. 18 B & S. !ou2le = insulate! wire where<er nee!e!. The !yna+o can also 2e use! as a +otor%

an! is woun! for any <oltage u6 to ten. The win!ing shoul! corres6on! to the <oltage of the la+6s which you !esire to run. Howe<er% if woun! for ) <olts% one coul! run 6arallel series of two '=<olt% 1=c6. la+6sH +a ing% as in *ig. '% 11 series% or $$ lights. If woun! for 10 <olts% it woul! gi<e 1=1GI a+6eres an! run four )=c6. la+6s. Thus% it will 2e seen that any can!le 6ower la+6 can 2e o6erate! 2y 6utting the 6ro6er nu+2er of lights in each series% an! running the series in 6arallel. So% to secure light 2y this +etho!% we si+6ly turn on the water% an! the water consu+6tion is not so great as +ight 2e i+agine!. *or the 6arty who has electric light in his house there is still an easier solution for the 6ro2le+ of 6ower. If the lighting circuit gi<es 110 <olts he can connect ele<en 10=<olt la+6s in series. These will gi<e ' c6. each% an! the whole set of 11 will ta e one a+6ere of current% an! cost a2out the sa+e as a '$=c6. la+6% or 1=1GI cents 6er hour. Si+6ly connect the +iniature circuit to an #!ison 6lug% an! insert in the nearest la+6 soc et. (ny nu+2er of !ifferent can!le 6ower la+6s can 2e use! 6ro<i!ing each la+6 ta es the sa+e a+ount of current% an! the su+ of their <oltages eJuals the <oltage of the circuit use!. This arrange+ent of s+all lights is use! to 6ro!uce a wi!ely !istri2ute!% an! !iffuse! light in a roo+% for !is6lay of show cases% an! for .hrist+as trees. ,f all these sources of 6ower the two last are the +ost econo+ical% an! the latter of these two has in its fa<or the s+all initial cost. These la+6s are 2y no +eans 6laythings or e56eri+ents% 2ut are as ser<icea2le an! 6ractical as the larger la+6s. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0in!say #l!ri!ge% .hicago.

Ho3 to M ,e

Ne3 L "#4 #e %&05'

(nyone 6ossessing a 6honogra6h can try a <ery interesting an! a+using e56eri+ent without going to any e56ense. De+o<e the 2elt an! re6lace with a longer one% which can 2e +a!e of narrow 2rai! or a nu+2er of stran!s of yarn. The new 2elt shoul! 2e long enough to allow crossing it% thus re<ersing the +achine. This re<erses e<ery soun! on the recor! an! changes it to such an e5tent that <ery few wor!s can 2e recogniBe!. Ho3 to M ,e C4)7 "d7S 4(e* R (, %&05'

The rac is +a!e of any suita2le in! of woo!% an! the si!es% (% are cut 8ust ali e% or fro+ one 6attern. The shel<es are +a!e in <arious wi!ths to fit the si!es at the 6laces where they are wante!. The nu+2er of shel<es can 2e <arie! an! to suit the siBe of the !ishes. .u6 hoo s are 6lace! on to6 an! 2otto+ shel<es. It is hung on the wall the sa+e as a 6icture fro+ the +ol!ing. ==.ontri2ute! 2y *. B. #+ig% Santa .lara% .al.

Re1e*-$"#

S! ll Moto* %&05'

(ll that is necessary for re<ersing the +otor is a 6ole=changing switch. .onnect the two +i!!le 6osts of the switch with each other an! the two outsi!e 6osts with each other. Then connect one of the outsi!e 6osts of the switch to one 2rush of the +otor an! one +i!!le 6ost to the other 2rush. .onnect one 2ar of the switch to one en! of the fiel! coil an! the other 2ar to one 6ole of the 2attery% an! connect the other 6ole of the 2attery to the other fiel! coil. To re<erse the +otor% si+6ly change the switch.

De<erse for a S+all Motor Deferring to the illustration% the letters in!icate as follows4 **% fiel! of +otorH BB% 2rushes of +otorH ((% 2ars of 6ole=changing switchH DD% center 6oints of switchH ..% outsi!e 6oints of switch. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0eonar! #. 7ar er% 7ly+outh% In!. To D*$1e A3 < Do#- %&06' The !ogs in +y neigh2orhoo! use! to co+e aroun! 6ic ing u6 scra6s. (fter I connecte! u6 +y in!uction coil% as shown in the s etch% we were not 2othere! with the+. ( in!icates the groun!H B% switchH an! .% a 2ait of +eat% or a te+6ting 2one.

Shoc ing=Machine ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. E. *ry% &0' Vine St.% San Jose% .al. A" A4to! t$( Lo(, %&06' The illustration shows an auto+atic loc o6erate! 2y electricity% one cell 2eing sufficient. Ehen the circuit is 2ro en a weight% (% attache! to the en! of the ar+ature B% ten!s to 6ush the other en! of the ar+ature into the screw eye or hoo .% which is in the !oor% thus loc ing the !oor. To unloc the !oor% +erely 6ush the 2utton #% The +agnet then !raws the ar+ature out of the screw eye an! the !oor is unloc e!. The !otte! line at D shows the 6osition of the ar+ature when the circuit is co+6lete an! the !oor unloc e!. The weight +ust 2e in 6ro6ortion to the strength of the +agnet. If it is not% the !oor will not

(uto+atic #lectric 0oc for Doors loc % or woul! re+ain loc e!. The 2utton can 2e hi!!en% as it is the ey to the loc . == .ontri2ute! 2y .lau!e B. Melchior% Hutchinson% Minn. E9)e*$!e"t 3$t8 T3o7Foot R4le "d H !!e* %&06' (n e5a+6le of unsta2le eJuili2riu+ is shown in the acco+6anying s etch. (ll that is nee!e! is a $=foot rule% a ha++er% a 6iece of string% an! a ta2le or 2ench. The e56eri+ent wor s 2est

(n #56eri+ent in #Juili2riu+ with a ha++er ha<ing a light han!le an! a <ery hea<y hea!. Tie the en!s of the string together% for+ing a loo6% an! 6ass this aroun! the ha++er han!le an! rule. Then 6lace the a66aratus on the e!ge of the ta2le% where it will re+ain sus6en!e! as shown. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. 7. Sch+i!t% .ule2ra% 7orto Dico% E. I. S$!)le C4**e"t Re1e*-e* %&07' ,n a 2loc of har!woo! !raw a sJuare :*ig. 1; an! !rill a hole in each corner of the sJuare. *ill these holes with +ercury an! connect the+ to four 2in!ing 6osts :*ig. 1;. ,n another 2loc of woo! fasten two wires% as shown in *ig. $% so that their en!s can 2e 6lace! in the holes in the first 2loc . Then connect u6 with the

Details of De<erser +otor an! 2attery as in *ig. '. Ehen the 2loc is 6lace! on with the 2ig arrow ( 6ointing in the !irection in!icate! in *ig. '% the current flows with the s+all arrows. To re<erse turn through an angle of &0 !egrees :*ig. I;. == .ontri2ute! 2y *. .rawfor! .urry% Broc <ille% ,ntario% .ana!a. Al *! Clo(, to P4ll 4) F4*" (e D* 0t %&07' ( stout cor!% (% is attache! to the !raft B of the furnace% run through a 6ulley% .% in the ceiling an! has a win!ow weight% D% attache! at the other en!. ( s+all stic is 6ut through a loo6 in the cor! at a2out the le<el of the ta2le to6 on which the alar+ cloc * stan!s. The other en! of stic # is 6lace! un!er the ey 9 of the alar+ cloc . Ehen the alar+ rings in the early +orning% the ey turns% the stic falls away% releasing the weight% which 6ulls the !raft o6en. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #!war! Ehitney% 18 9orha+ St.% Ma!ison% Eis.

(uto+atic Ti+e Draft=,6ener Ho3 to T* "-!$t P8o"o#* )8 M4-$( to D$-t "(e %&07'

(n interesting e56eri+ent% an! one calculate! to +ystify anyone not in the secret% is to trans+it the +usic or s6eech fro+ a 6honogra6h to another 6art of the house or e<en a greater !istance. *or an out!oor su++er 6arty the +usic can 2e +a!e to co+e fro+ a 2ush% or tree% or fro+ a 2e! of flowers. The a66aratus is not !ifficult to construct. The cut shows the arrange+ent. 7rocure a long=!istance tele6hone trans+itter% D% inclu!ing the +outh6iece% an! fasten it to the re6ro!ucer of the 6honogra6h. (lso a watch case

The 0ong=Distance 7honogra6h recei<er% D% which fasten to the horn. These 6arts +ay 2e 6urchase! fro+ any electrical= su66ly house. .onnect two wires to the trans+itter% running one !irect to the recei<er% an! the other to the 2attery% thence to a switch% S% an! then to the recei<er. The +ore 2atteries use! the lou!er will 2e the soun! 6ro!uce! 2y the horn% 2ut a<oi! using too +uch 2attery or the recei<er is a6t to heat. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E+. J. *arley% Jr.% .a+!en% /. J. Ho3 to M ,e Tele-(o)e %&08'

Eith a telesco6e li e the one here !escri2e!% +a!e with his own han!s% a far+er 2oy not +any years ago !isco<ere! a co+et which ha! esca6e! the watchful eyes of +any astrono+ers. *irst% get two 6ieces of 6late glass% ) in. sJuare an! 1 in. thic % an! 2rea the corners off to +a e the+ roun!% grin!ing the rough e!ges on a grin!stone. 1se a 2arrel to wor on% an!

Ho+e+a!e Telesco6e fasten one glass on the to6 of it in the center 2y !ri<ing three s+all nails at the si!es to hol! it in 6lace. *asten% with 6itch% a roun! I=in. 2loc of woo! in the center on one si!e of the other glass to ser<e as a han!le. 1se wet grain e+ery for coarse grin!ing. Ta e a 6inch an! s6rea! it e<enly on the glass which is on the 2arrel% then ta e the glass with the han!le an! +o<e it 2ac an! forth across the lower glass% while wal ing aroun! the 2arrelH also rotate the glass% which is necessary to +a e it grin! e<enly. The u66er glass or s6eculu+ always 2eco+es conca<e% an! the un!er glass or tool con<e5. Eor with straight stro es L or ) in. in lengthH after wor ing L hours hol! the s6eculu+ in the sunshine an! throw the rays of the sun onto a 6a6erH where the rays co+e to a 6oint gi<es the focal length. If the glass is not groun! enough to 2ring the rays to a 6oint within L ft.% the coarse grin!ing +ust 2e continue!% unless a longer focal length is wante!. Ha<e rea!y si5 large !ishes% then ta e $ l2. flour e+ery an! +i5 in 1$ Jt. of waterH i++e!iately turn the water into a clean !ish an! let settle '0 secon!sH then turn it into another !ish an! let settle $ +inutes% then 8 +inutes% '0 +inutes an! &0 +inutes% 2eing careful not to turn off the coarser e+ery which has settle!. Ehen !ry% turn the e+ery fro+ the L 8ars into L se6arate 2ottles% an! la2el. Then ta e a little of the coarsest 6ow!er% wetting it to the consistency of crea+% an! s6rea! on the glass% wor as 2efore :using short straight stro es 1= 1G$ or $ in.; until the holes in the glass left 2y the grain e+ery are groun! outH ne5t use the finer gra!es until the 6its left 2y each coarser gra!e are groun! out. Ehen the two last gra!es are use! shorten the stro es to less than $ in. Ehen !one the glass shoul! 2e se+i= trans6arent% an! is rea!y for 6olishing. Ehen 6olishing the s6eculu+% 6aste a stri6 of 6a6er 1=1G' in. wi!e aroun! the con<e5 glass or tool% +elt 1 l2. of 6itch an! turn on to it an! 6ress with the wet s6eculu+. Mol! the 6itch while hot into sJuares of 1 in.% with 1GI=in. s6aces% as in *ig. 1. Then war+ an! 6ress again with the s6eculu+% 2eing careful to ha<e all the sJuares touch the s6eculu+% or it will not 6olish e<enly. Tri+ the 6a6er fro+ the e!ge with a shar6 nife% an! 6aint the sJuares se6arately with 8ewelerCs rouge% wet till soft li e 6aint. 1se a 2inger to s6rea! it on with. Eor the s6eculu+ o<er the tool the sa+e as when grin!ing% using straight stro es $ in. or less. Ehen the glass is 6olishe! enough to reflect so+e light% it shoul! 2e teste! with the nife=e!ge test. In a !ar roo+% set the s6eculu+ against the wall% an! a large la+6% 0% *ig. $% twice the focal length away. 7lace a large sheet of 6aste2oar!% (% *ig. $% with a s+all nee!le hole o66osite the 2laBe% 2y the si!e of the la+6% so the light

Detail of Telesco6e .onstruction fro+ the 2laBe will shine onto the glass. 7lace the s6eculu+ S% *ig. $% so the rays fro+ the nee!le hole will 2e thrown to the left si!e of the la+6 :facing the s6eculu+;% with the nife +ounte! in a 2loc of woo! an! e!geways to the la+6% as in F% *ig. $. The nife shoul! not 2e +ore than ) in. fro+ the la+6. /ow +o<e the nife across the rays fro+ left to right% an! loo at the s6eculu+ with the eye on the right si!e of the 2la!e. Ehen the focus is foun!% if the s6eculu+ is groun! an! 6olishe! e<enly it will !ar en e<enly o<er the surface as the nife shuts off the light fro+ the nee!le hole. If not% the s6eculu+ will show so+e !ar rings% or hills. If the glass see+s to ha<e a !ee6 hollow in the center% shorter stro es shoul! 2e use! in 6olishingH if a hill in the center% longer stro es. The 6olishing an! testing !one% the s6eculu+ is rea!y to 2e sil<ere!. Two glass or earthenware !ishes% large enough to hol! the s6eculu+ an! $ in. !ee6% +ust 2e 6ro= cure!. Eith 6itch% ce+ent a stri6 of 2oar! 8 in. long to the 2ac of the s6eculu+% an! lay the s6eculu+ face !own in one of the !ishesH fill the !ish with !istille! water% an! clean the face of the s6eculu+ with nitric aci!% until the water will stic to it in an un2ro en fil+. The reci6e for sil<ering the s6eculu+ is4 Solution (4 Distille! water XXXXXXXXXXX.. I oB. Sil<er nitrate XXXXXXXXXXX..100 gr. Solution B4 Distille! water XXXXXXXXXXX.. I oB. .austic stic 6otash :6ure 2y alcohol; X. 100 gr. Solution .4 (Jua (++onia. Solution D4 Sugar loaf .XXXXXXXXXXX..... 8I0 gr. /itric aci! ..XXXXXXXXXXXX. '& gr. (lcohol :7ure; XXXXX.XXXXX... $L gr. Mi5 solution D an! +a e u6 to $L flui! oB. with !istille! water% 6our into a 2ottle an! carefully 6ut away in a safe 6lace for future use% as it wor s 2etter when ol!4 /ow ta e solution ( an! set asi!e in a s+all 2ottle one=tenth of it% an! 6our the rest into the e+6ty !ishH a!! the a++onia solution !ro6 2y !ro6H a !ar 2rown 6reci6itate will for+ an! su2si!eH sto6 a!!ing a++onia solution as soon as the 2ath clears. Then a!! solution B% then a++onia until 2ath is clear. /ow a!! enough of the solution (% that was set asi!e% to 2ring the 2ath to a war+ saffron color without !estroying its trans6arency. Then a!! 1 oB. of solution D an! stir until 2ath grows !ar . 7lace the s6eculu+% face !own% in the 2ath an! lea<e until the sil<er rises% then raise the s6eculu+ an! rinse with !istille! water. The s+all flat +irror +ay 2e sil<ere! the sa+e way. Ehen !ry% the sil<er fil+ +ay 2e 6olishe! with a 6iece of cha+ois s in% touche! with rouge% the 6olishing 2eing acco+6lishe! 2y +eans of a light s6iral stro e. *ig. ' shows the 6osition of the glasses in the tu2e% also how the rays D fro+ a star

are thrown to the eye6iece # in the si!e of the tu2e. Ma e the tu2e I of sheet iron% co<er with 6a6er an! cloth% then 6aint to +a e a non=con!uctor of heat or col!. Ma e the +ounting of goo! seasone! lu+2er. Thus an e5cellent )=in. telesco6e can 2e +a!e at ho+e% with an outlay of only a few !ollars. My telesco6e is )I in. long an! cost +e 8ust K1L% 2ut I use! all +y s6are ti+e in one winter in +a ing it. I first 2egan stu!ying the hea<ens through a s6yglass% 2ut an instru+ent such as I !esire! woul! cost K$00==+ore than I coul! affor!. Then I +a!e the one !escri2e!% with which I !isco<ere! a new co+et not 2efore o2ser<e! 2y astrono+ers.= John #. Mellish. Ho3 to M ,e BF*e ,B P8oto#* )8- %&&0' The Nfrea N 6ictures of well= nown 6eo6le which were use! 2y so+e !aily news6a6ers recently +a!e e<ery2o!y won!er how the !istorte! 6hotogra6hs were +a!e. ( writer in .a+era .raft gi<es the secret% which 6ro<es to 2e easy of e5ecution. The !istortion is acco+6lishe! 2y the use of 6ris+s% as follows4 Secure fro+ an o6tician or lea!e!=glass esta2lish+ent% two glass 6ris+s% slightly wi!er than the lens +ount. The flatter they are the less they will !istort. (2out $0. !eg. is a satisfactory angle. Secure the+ as shown 2y the sectional s etch% using straw2oar! an! 2lac 6a6er. Then +a e a ring to fit o<er the lens +ount an! connect it with the 6ris+s in such a way as to e5clu!e all light fro+ the ca+era e5ce6t that which 6asses through the face of the 6ris+s. The inner surface of this hoo! +ust 2e

(rrange+ent of 7ris+s !ull 2lac . The 6a6er which co+es aroun! 6lates answers nicely. If the ring which sli6s o<er the lens +ount is line! with 2lac <el<et% it will e5clu!e all light an! hol! fir+ly to the +ount% 7lace o<er lens% sto6 !own well after focusing% an! 6rocee! as for any 6icture. A"ot8e* Ele(t*$( Lo(, %&&0' The !etails of the construction of an electrically o6erate! loc are shown in the illustration. Ehen the !oor is close! an! the 2olt ( 6ushe! into 6osition%

Si+6le #lectric 0oc it auto+atically loc s. To unloc % 6ush the 2utton D% which act will cause the electro+agnet to raise the latch .% when the 2olt +ay 2e !rawn an! the !oor o6ene!. == .ontri2ute! 2y (. D. Pi++er+an% Boo!y% Ill. Ho3 to M$9 Pl -te* o0 P *$- %&&0' *or the +i5ing of 6laster of 7aris for any 6ur6ose% a!! the 6laster gra!ually to the water% instea! of the contrary% says the Master 7ainter. Do not stir it% 8ust s6rin le it in until you ha<e a crea+y +ass without lu+6s. #Jual 6arts of 6laster an! water is a66ro5i+ately the correct 6ro6ortion. The a!!ition of a little <inegar or glue water will retar! the setting of the 6laster% 2ut will not 6reser<e its har!ening. Marsh+allow 6ow!er also retar!s the setting. In this way the 6laster +ay 2e han!le! a long ti+e without getting har!. If you wish the 6laster to set e5tra har!% then a!! a little sul6hate of 6otash% or 6ow!ere! alu+. E"l *#$"# 3$t8 H "d C !e* %&&&'

#<eryone who owns a han! ca+era has so+e 6ictures he woul! li e enlarge!. It is not necessary to ha<e a large ca+era to !o this% as the 6rocess is e5cee!ingly si+6le to +a e large 6ictures fro+ s+all negati<es with the sa+e han! ca+era. ( roo+ fro+ which all light +ay 2e e5clu!e! an! a win!ow through which the light can enter without o2struction fro+ trees or near2y 2uil!ings% with a shelf to hol! the ca+era an! a ta2le with an u6right !rawing=2oar! attache!% co+6lete the arrange+ent. The 2ac is ta en out of the ca+era an! fitte! close against the 2ac of the shelf% which +ust 2e 6ro<i!e! with a hole the sa+e siBe an! sha6e as the o6ening in the 2ac of the ca+era. The negati<e use! to +a e the enlarge! 6rint is 6lace! in the shelf at (% *ig. 1. The rays of the clear% uno2structe! light stri e the +irror% B% an! reflect through the negati<e% (% through the lens of the ca+era an! on the 2oar!% as shown in *ig. $. The win!ow +ust 2e !ar ene! all aroun! the shelf. (fter 6lacing the negati<e an! focusing the lens for a clear i+age on the 2oar!% the shutter is set an! a 2ro+i!e 6a6er is 6lace! on the 2oar!. The 6a6er is e56ose!% !e<elo6e! an! fi5e! 2y the !irections that are enclose! in the 6ac age of 2ro+i!e 6a6ers.

Ma ing 0arge 7ictures with a S+all .a+era Po-$t$o"$"# A H "#$"# L !) %&&&' DonCt 6ull a la+6 hung 2y fle5i2le cor! to one si!e with a wire an! then fasten to a gas 6i6e. I ha<e seen a wire 2eco+e re! hot in this +anner. If the la+6 hung 2y a cor! +ust 2e 6ulle! o<er% use a string. A C4*$o4- Co!)*e--ed A$* P8e"o!e"o" %&&&' 7ush a 6in through an or!inary 2usiness car! an! 6lace the car! against one en! of a s6ool with the 6in insi!e the 2ore% as shown in the s etch. Then 2low through the s6ool% an! it will 2e foun! that the car! will not 2e 2lown away% 2ut will re+ain sus6en!e! without any <isi2le su66ort. This 6heno+enon is e56laine! 2y the fact that the air ra!iates fro+ the center at a <elocity which is nearly constant% there2y 6ro!ucing a 6artial <acuu+ 2etween the s6ool an! the car!. .an

#56eri+ent with S6ool an! .ar! the rea!er !e<ise a 6ractical a66lication of this contri<anceT S$!)le S3$t(8 0o* Re1e*-$"# C4**e"t %&&&'

Ta e two stri6s of co66er or 2rass an! fasten the+ together 2y +eans of gutta=6ercha :*ig. 1;H also 6ro<i!e the+ with a han!le. Saw out a rectangular 2loc a2out one an! one=half ti+es as long as the 2rass stri6s an! fasten to it at each en! two for e! 6ieces of co66er or 2rass% as in *ig. $. *asten on the switch le<er% as at ( an! B% *ig. $% so that it can rotate a2out these 6oints. .onnect the wires as shown in *ig. '. To re<erse% throw

Si+6le .urrent=De<ersing Switch the le<er fro+ one en! of the 2loc to the other. ==.ontri2ute! 2y D. 0. Tho+as% San Marcos% Te5. No1el Mo4-et* ) %&&+' ( 6iece of an ol! 2icycle tire an! a glass fruit 8ar are the only +aterials reJuire! for +a ing this tra6. 7ush one en! of the tire into the hole% +a ing sure that there is a s6ace left at the en! so that the +ice can get in. Then

( Baitless Tra6 2en! the other en! !own into a fruit 8ar or other glass 8ar. Bait +ay 2e 6lace! in the 8ar if !esire!% although this is not necessary. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. 9o McVic er% /orth Ben!% /e2. Pol$-8$"# N$(,el %&&+' ( 2rilliant 6olish +ay 2e gi<en to tarnishe! nic el 2y i++ersing in alcohol an! $ 6er cent of sul6huric aci! fro+ L to 1L secon!s. Ta e out% wash in running water% rinse in alcohol% an! ru2 !ry with linen cloth. Ho!e! de A*( L$#8t %&&+' By rewin!ing an electric=2ell +agnet with /o. 1) wire an! connecting it in series with two electric=light car2ons% as shown in the s etch% a s+all arc will 2e for+e! 2etween the car2on 6oints when the current is a66lie!. In the s etch% ( is the electric= 2ell +agnetH B% the ar+atureH . .% car2on soc etsH D% car2ons% an! # #% 2in!ing 6osts. Ehen connecte! with 10 or 1$ !ry 2atteries this la+6 gi<es a fairly goo! light. == .ontri2ute! 2y Morris 0. 0e<y% San (ntonio% Te5.

(rc 0ight L$#8t$"# " I"( "de-(e"t L !) 3$t8 " I"d4(t$o" Co$l %&&+' (n incan!escent la+6 of low can!le6ower +ay 2e illu+inate! 2y connecting to an in!uction coil in the +anner shown in the s etch. ,ne wire is connecte! to the +etal ca6 of the la+6 an! the other wire is fastene! to the glass ti6. If the a66aratus is then 6lace! in the !ar an! the current turne! on% a 6eculiar 6hos6horescent glow will fill the whole interior of the la+6. The in!uction coil use! for this 6ur6ose shoul! gi<e a s6ar a2out 1G$ in. long or +ore. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Jose6h B. Bell% Broo lyn.

9eissler Tu2e Ho3 to M ,e ?4!)7S) *, Co$l %&&/'

The in!uction coil is 6ro2a2ly the +ost 6o6ular 6iece of a66aratus in the electrical la2oratory% an! 6articularly is it 6o6ular 2ecause of its use in e56eri+ental wireless telegra6hy. Ten years ago wireless telegra6hy was a !rea+ of scientistsH to!ay it is the 6laything of school=2oys an! thousan!s of grown=u6 2oys as well. Di<este! of nearly all technical 6hrases% an in!uction coil +ay 2e 2riefly !escri2e! as a ste6=u6 transfor+er of s+all ca6acity. It co+6rises a core consisting of a cylin!rical 2un!le of soft=iron wires cut to 6ro6er length. By +eans of two or +ore layers of /o. 1I or /o. 1) +agnet wire% woun! e<enly a2out this core% the 2un!le 2eco+es +agnetiBe! when the wire ter+inals are connecte! to a source of electricity. Shoul! we now sli6 o<er this electro+agnet a 6a6er tu2e u6on which has 2een woun! with regularity a great an! continuous length of /o. ') +agnet wire% it will 2e foun! that the lines of force e+anating fro+ the energiBe! core 6enetrate the new coil=win!ing al+ost as though it were 2ut a 6art of the surroun!ing air itself% an! when the 2attery current is 2ro en ra6i!ly a secon! electrical current is sai! to 2e in!uce! into the secon! coil or secon!ary. (ll or any of the 6arts of an in!uction coil +ay 2e 6urchase! rea!y=+a!e% an! the first thing to !o is to !eci!e which of the 6arts the a+ateur +echanic can +a e an!

which woul! 2e 2etter to 2uy rea!y=+a!e. If the 2uil!er has ha! no e56erience in coil= win!ing it woul! 6ro2a2ly 6ay to 6urchase the secon!ary coil rea!y=woun!% as the o6eration of win!ing a +ile or +ore of fine wire is <ery !ifficult an! te!ious% an! the results are often unsatisfactory. In or!ering the secon!ary it is always necessary to s6ecify the length of s6ar !esire!. The following +etho! of co+6leting a 1=in. coil illustrates the general !etails of the wor . The sa+e +etho!s an! circuits a66ly to s+all an! larger coils. The rea!y=+a!e secon!ary is in soli! cylin!rical for+% a2out ) in. long an! $=LG8 in. !ia+eter% with a hole

Ju+6=S6ar .oil through the win!ing 1=1GI in. in !ia+eter% as shown in *ig. 1. The secon!ary will stan! consi!era2le han!ling without fear of in8ury% an! nee! not 2e set into a case until the 6ri+ary is co+6lete!. The 6ri+ary is +a!e of fine anneale! /o. $I iron wire cut 7 in. or 8 in. in length% as the +a er 6refers% an! 2un!le! to a !ia+eter of 7G8 in. The wires +ay 2e straightene! 2y rolling two or three at a ti+e 2etween two 6ieces of har! woo!. If the a+ateur has !ifficulty in 6rocuring this wire% the entire core +ay 2e 6urchase! rea!y= +a!e. (fter the core wires are 2un!le!% the core is wra66e! with one or two layers of +anila 6a6er. The straighter the wire the +ore iron will enter into the construction of the core% which is !esira2le. Beginning half an inch fro+ one en!% /o. 1) cotton=co<ere! +agnet wire is woun! fro+ one en! to the other e<enly an! then returne!% +a ing two layers% an! the ter+inals tie! !own to the core with twine. .ore an! 6ri+ary are then i++erse! in 2oiling 6araffine wa5 to which a s+all Juantity of resin an! 2eeswa5 has 2een a!!e!. This sa+e wa5 +ay 2e use! later in sealing the co+6lete! coil into a 2o5. ,<er this 6ri+ary is now wra66e! one layer of o onite ta6e% or sa+e thic ness of hea<ily shellac e! +uslin. This co+6lete! 6ri+ary will now allow of sli66ing into the hole in the secon!ary. Shoul! the secon!ary ha<e 2een 6urchase! without a case% a woo!en 2o5 of +ahogany or oa is +a!e% large enough to contain the secon!ary an! with an inch to s6are all aroun!% with roo+ also for a s+all con!enserH 2ut if it is not con<enient to !o this wor % a 2o5 li e that shown in *ig. $ +ay 2e 6urchase! at a s+all cost. ( 7G8=in. hole is 2ore! in the center of one en!% through which the 6ri+ary core 6ro8ects 1G8 in. This core is to 2e use! to attract +agnetically the iron hea! of a <i2rating interru6ter% which is an i+6ortant factor of the coil. This interru6ter is sha6e! as in *ig. I% an! is fastene! to the 2o5 in such a way that the <i2rator ha++er 6lays in front of the core an! also that sol!ere! connections +ay 2e +a!e insi!e the 2o5 with the screws use! in affi5ing the <i2rator 6arts to the 2o5. The con!enser is +a!e of four stri6s of thin 6a6er% $ y!. long an! L in. wi!e% an! a sufficient Juantity of tinfoil. Ehen cut an! lai! in one continuous length% each 6iece of tin=foil +ust o<erla6 the a!8oining 6iece a half inch% so as to for+ a continuous electrical circuit. In sha6ing the con!enser% one 6iece of the 6a6er is lai! !own% then the stri6 of tin=foil% then two stri6s of 6a6er an! another layer of foil% an! finally the fourth stri6 of 6a6er. This +a es a con!enser which +ay 2e fol!e!% 2eginning at one en! an! 2en!ing a2out ) in. at a ti+e. The con!enser is ne5t wra66e!

securely with 2an!s of 6a6er or ta6e% an! 2oile! in 6ure 6araffine wa5 for one hour% after which it is 6resse! un!er consi!era2le weight until fir+ an! har!. ,ne of the sheets of tin=foil is to for+ one 6ole of the con!enser% an! the other sheet% which is insulate! fro+ the first% for+s the other 6ole or ter+inal. :This con!enser +aterial is 6urchasa2le in long stri6s% rea!y for asse+2ling.; The wiring !iagra+% *ig. '% shows how the connections are +a!e. This +etho! of connecting is suita2le for all coils u6 to 1=1G$ in. s6ar % 2ut for larger coil 2etter results will 2e o2taine! 2y using an in!e6en!ent ty6e of interru6ter% in which a se6arate +agnet is use! to interru6t the circuit. Besi!es the +agnetic <i2rators there are se<eral other ty6es% such as the +ercury !ash=6ot an! rotary=co++utator ty6es% 2ut these will 2eco+e 2etter nown to the a+ateur as he 6rocee!s in his wor an! 2eco+es +ore e56erience! in coil o6eration. Co!.$"ed Doo* Bell "d Ele(t*$( Al *! %&&2' This !e<ice consists of a 2attery an! 2ell connection to an alar+ cloc which also acts as a !oor 2ell% the whole 2eing +ounte! on a 2oar! 18 in. long an! 1$ in. wi!e. Deferring to the s etch acco+6anying this article% the letters in!icate as follows4 (% 2ellH B% 2attery H .% switchH D% V=sha6e! co66er stri6H #% co66er le<er with 1=in. flange turne! on one si!e% whole length% I in.H *% s6ring to throw le<er # !own in V=sha6e! 6iece to +a e connectionH 9% le<er to hol! out # when !e<ice is use! as a !oor 2ellH lines H% go% one fro+ 2ell% (% an! one fro+ 2attery% B% to the !oorH I% shelf for cloc . See that the ring in the alar+ ey of the cloc wor s easily% so that when it is sJuare across the cloc it will !ro6 !own. *asten a 6iece of co66er a2out

1 in. long to ey% then win! the alar+ 8ust enough so that the ey stan!s straight u6 an! !own. 7lace the cloc on the shelf an! the ey un!er the flange of le<er #. 7ull le<er 9 !own out of the way an! close the le<er on the switch. The alar+ ey will turn an! !ro6 !own% letting le<er # !ro6 into the V=sha6e! 6iece D an! +a e connection. *or the !oor=2ell connection close le<er on switch .% an! 6ut 9 u6 so that D an! # !o not co+e in contact. If anyone is ill an! you !o not want the 2ell to ring% o6en switch .. The wiring for this !e<ice +ay all 2e on the 2ac of the 2oar!. The switch an! le<ers are fastene! with s+all screw 2olts% which allows wiring at the 2ac . Saw two s6ools in half an! fasten the hal<es to the four corners of the 2oar! at the 2ac % an! the a66aratus +ay 2e 6ut u6 where one li es. To B4$ld S! ll B* -- F4*" (e %&&5'

Ben! a 6iece of stout sheet iron $' in. 2y 1$ in. roun! so that the insi!e

!ia+eter is 7 in.% an! then ri<et the sea+. *it in a roun! 6iece of sheet iron for the 2otto+. Ma e a hole a2out the siBe of a shilling in the si!e% $ in. fro+ the 2otto+. This is for 2lowing. 0ine the furnace% 2otto+ an! si!es with fire=clay to a !e6th of 1G$ in. 1se charcoal to 2urn an! an or!inary 2ellows for 2lowing% says the Mo!el #ngineer% 0on!on. The 2est 2last is o2taine! 2y hol!ing the noBBle of the 2ellows a2out an inch fro+ the hole% instea! of close to it. A1o$d P )e* L !) S8 de- %&&5' DonCt wra6 6a6er aroun! a la+6 for a sha!e. -ou +ight go away an! forget it an! a fire +ight 2e starte! fro+ the heat. 1se a glass or +etal sha!e. That is what they are for. W8< G* 1$t< B tte*$e- F $l to Wo*, %&&5' Many a+ateur electricians an! so+e 6rofessionals ha<e ha! consi!era2le trou2le with gra<ity 2atteries. They

Setting 16 a 9ra<ity Battery follow !irections carefully an! then fail to get goo! results. The usual trou2le is not with the 2attery itself% 2ut with the circuit. ( gra<ity 2attery is suita2le only for a circuit which is nor+ally close!. It is therefore un!esira2le for electric 2ells% in!uction coils an! all other o6en=circuit a66aratus. The circuit shoul! also ha<e a high resistance. This +a es it i+6ractical for running fan +otors% as the +otor woul! ha<e to 2e woun! with fine wire an! it woul! then reJuire a large nu+2er of 2atteries to gi<e a sufficiently high <oltage. To set u6 a gra<ity 2attery4 1se a2out '=1G$ l2. of 2lue stone% or enough to co<er the co66er ele+ent 1 in. 7our in water sufficient to co<er the Binc 1G$ in. Short=circuit for three hours% an! the 2attery is rea!y for use. If !esire! for use i++e!iately% !o not short= circuit% 2ut a!! L or ) oB. of Binc sul6hate.

Fee6 the !i<i!ing line 2etween the 2lue an! white liJui!s a2out 1G$ in. 2elow the 2otto+ of the Binc. If too low% si6hon off so+e of the white liJui! an! a!! the sa+e a+ount of water% 2ut !o not agitate or +i5 the two solutions. This ty6e of 2attery will gi<e a2out 0.& of a <olt% an! shoul! 2e use! on a circuit of a2out 100 +illi=a+6eres. A S,$doo7S,$dee T*$(, %&&6' In a recent issue or 7o6ular Mechanics an article on NThe Turning .ar! 7uBBleN was !escri2e! an! illustrate!. ,utsi!e of the scientific si!e in<ol<e!% herein I !escri2e a +uch 2etter tric . (2out the ti+e when the e56ression Ns i!ooN first 2egan to 2e use! I In<ente! the following tric an!

How to .ut the /otches calle! it NS i!ooN an! NS i!ee%N which create! +uch +erri+ent. 1nless the tric is thoroughly un!erstoo!% for so+e it will turn one way% for others the o66osite way% while for others it will not re<ol<e at all. ,ne 6erson who+ I now recall 2eca+e re! in the face 2y shouting s i!oo an! s i!ee at it% 2ut the thing woul! not +o<e at all% an! he finally fro+ <e5ation threw the tric into the fire an! a new one ha! to 2e +a!e. Very few can +a e it turn 2oth ways at will% an! therein is the tric . Ta e a 6iece of har!woo! 'G8 in. sJuare an! a2out & in. long. ,n one of the e!ges cut a series of notches as in!icate! in *ig. 1. Then slightly ta6er the en! +ar e! B until it is nicely roun!e! as shown in *ig. $. /e5t +a e an ar+ of a two=ar+ win!+ill such as 2oys +a e. Ma e a hole through the center or this one ar+. #nlarge the hole slightly% enough to allow a co++on 6in to hol! the ar+ to the en! B an! not interfere with the re<ol<ing ar+. Two or three of these ar+s +ay ha<e to 2e +a!e 2efore one is secure! that is of the e5act 6ro6ortions to catch the <i2rations right. To o6erate the tric % gri6 the stic fir+ly in one han!% an! with the forwar! an! 2ac war! +otion of the other allow the first finger to sli!e along the to6 e!ge% the secon! finger along the si!e% an! the thu+2 nail will then <i2rate along the notches% thus +a ing the ar+ re<ol<e in one !irection. To +a e the ar+ re<ol<e in the o66osite !irection== ee6 the han! +o<ing all the ti+e% so the o2ser<er will not !etect the change which the han! +a es ==allow the first finger to sli!e along the to6% as in the other +o<e+ent% the thu+2 an! secon! finger changing 6laces4 e. g.% In the first +o<e+ent you scratch the notches with the thu+2 nail while the han! is going fro+ the 2o!y% an! in the secon! +o<e+ent you scratch the notches with the nail of the secon! finger when the han! is co+ing towar! the 2o!y% thus 6ro!ucing two !ifferent <i2rations. In or!er to +a e it wor 6erfectly :T; you +ust or course say Ns i!ooN when you 2egin the first +o<e+ent% an! then% no +atter how fast the little ar+ is re<ol<ing when change! to the secon! +o<e+ent you +ust say Ns i!eeN an! the ar+ will i++e!iately sto6 an! 2egin re<ol<ing in the o66osite !irection. By using the +agic wor!s the little ar+ will o2ey your co++an!s instantly an! your au!ience will 2e +ystifie!. If any or your au!ience 6resu+e to !is6ute% or thin they can !o the sa+e let the+ try it. -ou will no !ou2t 2e accuse! of 2lowing or !rawing in your 2reath% an! +any other things in or!er to +a e the ar+ o6erate. (t least it is a+using. Try it an! see. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .harles .le+ent Bra!ley Tole!o% ,hio. E00e(t- o0 R d$4! %&&6' Da!iu+ acts u6on the che+ical constituents of glass% 6orcelain an! 6a6er% i+6arting to the+ a <iolet tingeH changes white 6hos6horus to yellow% o5ygen to oBone% affects

6hotogra6h 6lates an! 6ro!uces +any other curious che+ical changes. N 1 l S)eed Re(o*d %&&6' ,n its official trial tri6 the British tor6e!o 2oat !estroyer NMohaw N attaine! the recor! s6ee! of a little o<er '& +iles an hour. Ho3 to E"l *#e 0*o! L$0e $" t8e C !e* %&&7' 1sually the a+ateur 6hotogra6her gets to a 6oint in his wor where the +iscellaneous ta ing of e<erything in sight is so+ewhat unsatisfying4 There are +any s6ecial fiel!s he +ay enter% an! one of the+ is 6hoto+icrogra6hy. It is usually un!er= stoo! that this 2ranch of 6hotogra6hy +eans an e56ensi<e a66aratus. If the wor er is not after too high a +agnification% howe<er% there is a <ery si+6le an! effecti<e +eans of +a ing 6hoto+icrogra6hs which reJuires no a!!itional a66aratus that cannot 2e easily an! Juic ly constructe! at ho+e. De6ro!uce! with this article is a 6hotogra6h of !an!elion see!s == a +agnification of nine !ia+eters or eighty=one ti+es. The a66aratus which 6ro!uce! this 6hotogra6h consiste! of a ca+era of fairly long !raw% a +eans for hol!ing it <ertical% a short=focus lens% an!% if 6ossi2le% 2ut not essential% a +eans for focusing that lens in a +inute +anner. ,n to6 of the tri6o! is the fol!ing arrange+ent% which is easily constructe! at ho+e with two hinge! 2oar!s% an ol! tri6o! screw% an ol! 2e! 6late fro+ a ca+era for the screw to fit in% an! two sli!ing 2rass 6ieces with sets crews that +ay 2e 6urchase! fro+ any har!ware store un!er the na+e of !es sli!ing 2races. To the front 2oar! is attache! a 2o5% carrying the lens an! the 2e! of the sli!ing o28ect carrier% which can 2e +o<e! forwar! an! 2ac 2y the rac an! 6inion% that also can 2e o2taine! fro+ har!ware stores. If the 2e! for the o28ect carrier 2e attache! to the 2e! of the ca+era instea! of to the front 2oar!% the o28ect carrier nee! ha<e no in!e6en!ent +o<e+ent of its own% focusing 2eing !one 2y the front an!

2ac focus of the ca+eraH 2ut this is less satisfactory% 6articularly when accurate !i+ensions are to 2e !eter+ine!% says the 7hotogra6hic Ti+es. This outfit nee! not 2e confine! to see!s alone% 2ut s+all flowers% earth% che+icals% insects% an! the thousan! an! one little things of !aily life==all +a e 2eautiful su28ects for enlarge! 6hotogra6hs. These cannot 2e +a!e 2y ta ing an or!inary 6hotogra6h an! enlarging through a lantern. Ehen a gelatine !ry 6late is +agnifie! nine !ia+eters% the grains of sil<er in the negati<e will 2e +agnifie! also an! 6ro!uce a result that will not stan!

Magnifie! /ine Dia+eters close e5a+ination. 7hotogra6hs +a!e 2y 6hoto+icrogra6hy can 2e e5a+ine! li e any other 6hotogra6hs an! show no +ore te5ture than will any 6rint. Steel Pe" U-ed $" D* 0t-! ";- I", Bottle Co*, %&&7' ( steel 6en +a es an i!eal su2stitute for a Juill in the sto66er of the !rafts+anCs in 2ottle. The a!<antage of this su2stitute is that there is always one han!y to re6lace a 2ro en or lost 6en% while it is not so with the Juill.==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eorge .. Ma!= ison% Boston% Mass. Ho3 to M ,e P$lot B lloo" %&&8' By #. 9o!!ar! Jorgensen

1nusual interest is 2eing !is6laye! in 2allooning% an! as it is fast 2eco+ing the fa<orite s6ort +any 6ersons woul! li e to now how to construct a +iniature 2alloon for +a ing e56eri+ents. The following ta2le will gi<e the siBe% as well as the ca6acity an! lifting 6ower of 6ilot 2alloons4 Dia+eter. .a6. in .u. *t 0ifting 7ower. L ft. )L I l2. ) ft. 11' 7 l2. 7 ft. 17& 11 l2. 8 ft. $)8 17 l2. & ft. '81 $I l2. 10 ft L$' '' l2. 11 ft. )&7 II l2. 1$ ft. &0L L7 l2. The +aterial +ust 2e cut in suita2le sha6e! gores or seg+ents. In this article we shall confine oursel<es to a 10=ft. 2alloon. If the 2alloon is 10 ft. in !ia+eter% then the circu+ference will 2e a66ro5i+ately '=1G7 ti+es the !ia+eter% or '1 ft. L in. Ee now ta e one=half this length to +a e the length of the gore% which is 1L ft. 7=1G$ in. 9et a 6iece of 6a6er 1L ft. 7=1G$ in. long an! ' ft. wi!e fro+ which to cut a 6attern% *ig. 1. ( line% (B% is !rawn lengthwise an! e5actly in the +i!!le of the 6a6er% an! a line% .D% is !rawn at right angles to (B an! in the +i!!le of the 6a6er lengthways. The intersecting 6oint of (B an! .D is use! for a center to ascri2e a circle whose !ia+eter is the sa+e as the wi!th of the 6a6er% or ' ft. Di<i!e one=Juarter of the circle

7attern for .utting the Seg+ents into 10 eJual 6arts an! also !i<i!e one=half of the line (B in 10 eJual 6arts. 7er6en!icular lines are !rawn 6arallel with the line .D intersecting the !i<ision 6oints +a!e on the one=half line (B. HoriBontal an! 6arallel lines with (B are !rawn intersecting the !i<ision 6oints +a!e on the one=Juarter circle an! intersecting the 6er6en!icular line !rawn 6arallel with .D. ( line is now !rawn fro+ B to # an! fro+ # to *% an! so on% until all the intersecting lines are touche! an! the 6oint . is reache!. This will for+ the 6ro6er cur<e to cut the 6attern. The 6a6er is now fol!e! on the line (B an! then on the line .D% ee6ing the +ar e! 6art on the outsi!e. The 6attern is now cut% cutting all four Juarters at the sa+e ti+e% on the cur<e! line fro+ B to .. Ehen the 6a6er is unfol!e! you will ha<e a 6attern as shown in *ig. $. This 6attern is use! to +ar the cloth% an! after +ar e! is cut the sa+e sha6e an! siBe. The cloth seg+ents are sewe! together% using a fine nee!le an! /o. 70 threa!% +a ing a !ou2le sea+ as shown in *ig. '. Ehen all sea+s are co+6lete! you will ha<e a 2ag the sha6e shown in *ig. I. ( s+all 6ortion of one en! or a sea+ +ust 2e left o6en for inflating. ( s+all tu2e +a!e fro+ the cloth an! sewe! into one en! will +a e a 2etter 6lace for inflating an! to tie u6 tightly. It is now necessary to <arnish the 2ag in or!er to +a e it retain the gas. 7rocure 1 gal. of the <ery 2est hea<y 2o!y% 2oile! linsee! oil an! i++erse the 2ag in it. The sur6lus oil is sJueeBe! out 2y running the 2ag through an or!inary clothes wringer se<eral ti+es. The 2ag is now 6lace! in the sun for a thorough !rying. 7ut the re+aining oil in a ettle with 1G8 l2. of 2eeswa5 an! 2oil well together. This solution is afterwar! !ilute! with tur6entine so it will wor well. Ehen the 2ag is !ry a66ly this +i5ture 2y ru22ing it on the 2ag with a 6iece of flannel. De6eat this o6eration four ti+es%

Sewing Seg+ents Together 2eing sure of a thorough !rying in the sun each ti+e. *or in!oor coating an! !rying use a s+all a+ount of 6lu+2ic o5i!e. This will !ry ra6i!ly in the sha!e an! will not +a e the oil har!. *ill the 2ag with air 2y using a 6air of 2ellows an! lea<e it o<er night. This test will show if the 2ag is airtight. If it is not tight then the 2ag nee!s another ru22ing. The ne5t o6eration is to fill the 2ag with gas. Hy!rogen gas is +a!e fro+ iron an! sul6huric aci!. The a+ounts necessary for a 10=

ft. 2alloon are 1$L l2. of iron 2orings an! 1$L l2. of sul6huric aci!. 1 l2. of iron% 1 l2. of sul6huric aci! an! I l2. of water will +a e I cu. ft. of gas in one hour. Secure two e+6ty 2arrels of a2out L$ gal. ca6acity an! connect the+% as shown in *ig. L% with 'GI= in. 6i6e. In the 2arrel% (% 6lace the iron 2orings an! fill one=half full of clear water. *ill the other 2arrel% B% with water $ in. a2o<e the le<el of the water in 2arrel (. This is to gi<e a water 6ressure hea! against foa+ing when the generator is in action. (2out 1L l2. of li+e shoul! 2e well +i5e! with the water in the 2arrel B. (ll

*I9. L = The Hy!rogen 9enerator 8oints +ust 2e seale! with 6laster of 7aris. 7our in one=half of the aci! into the 2arrel% (% with the iron 2orings. The 2arrels are e6t tight while the generation is going on with the e5ce6tion of the outlet% .% to the 2ag. Ehen the action is sto66e! in the generator 2arrel% (% let the solution run out an! fill again as 2efore with water an! aci! on the iron 2orings. The outlet% .% shoul! 2e always connecte! with the 2ag while the generator is in action. The 'GI=in. 6i6e e5ten!ing !own into the cooling tan % B% shoul! not enter into the water o<er 8 in. Ehen fille! with gas the 2alloon is rea!y for a flight at the will of the o6erator. Ho3 to Cle " Clo(, %&&:'

It is <ery si+6le to clean a cloc % which +ay soun! rather a2sur!. *or an a+ateur it is not always necessary to ta e the cloc to 6ieces. Eith a little care an! 6atience an! using so+e 2enBine% a clean white rag% a sa2le 2rush an! so+e oil a cloc can 2e cleane! an! 6ut into first=class running or!er. The 2enBine shoul! 2e clean an! free fro+ oil. -ou can test 2enBine 2y 6utting a little on the 2ac of the han!H if it is goo! it will !ry off% lea<ing the han! Juite clean% 2ut if any grease re+ains on the han!% it is not fit to use. The oil shoul! 2e of the <ery 2est that can 2e 6rocure!. Vegeta2le oils shoul! ne<er 2e use!. .loc oil can 2e 6rocure! fro+ your !ruggist or 8eweler. (ll loose !irt shoul! 2e re+o<e! fro+ the wor s 2y 2lowing with 2ellows% or a fan% or !usting with a !ry 2rushH in the latter case great care shoul! 2e e5ercise! not to in8ure any of the 6arts. Di6 the 2rush in the 2enBine an! clean the s6in!les an! s6in!le holes% an! the teeth of the esca6e+ent wheel. (fter washing a 6art% wi6e the 2rush on the rag an! rinse in the 2enBineH this shoul! 2e re6eate! freJuently% until no +ore !irt is seen. Ehen the cloc has !rie!% oil the s6in!le holes carefullyH this +ay 2e !one with a tooth6ic or a sli<er of woo!cut to a fine 6oint. ,il the tooth of the esca6e+ent wheel slightly% using a fine 2rush. Ho3 to M ,e Bl4e)*$"t L "te*" Sl$de- %&+0' 0antern sli!es of a 2lue tone that is a 6leasing <ariety fro+ the usual 2lac +ay 2e +a!e fro+ s6oile! or ol! 6lates which ha<e not 2een !e<elo6e!% 2y fi5ing% washing well an! then !i66ing fi<e +inutes in the following solution4 (.9reen Iron a++oniu+ citrate .. 1L0 gr. H Eater 1 oB. B. 7otassiu+ ferrocyani!e L0 gr. SH

Eater 1 oB. 7re6are the solutions se6arately an! +i5 eJual 6arts for use% at the ti+e of e+6loy+ent. Dry the 6lates in the !ar % an! ee6 in the !ar until use!. 7rinting is !one in the sun% an! a <igorous negati<e +ust 2e use!% says the Mo<ing 7icture Eorl!. #56osure% $0 to '0 +inutes. Eash 10 +inutes in running water an! !ry. Brown or 6ur6le tones +ay 2e ha! 2y sensitiBing with the following solution instea! of the a2o<e4 Distille! water 1 oB. H Sli<er nitrate L0 gr. H Tartaric or citric aci! 1G$ oB. Bathe the 6lates L +inutes% ee6ing the fingers out of the solution% to a<oi! 2lac ene! s in. Dry in the !ar . 7rint to 2ronBing un!er a strong negati<eH fi5 in hy6o% toning first if !esire!. A S4.-t$t4te 0o* R < F$lte* %&+0'

/ot +any a+ateur 6hotogra6hers 6ossess a ray filter. ( goo! su2stitute is to use the orange glass fro+ the ru2y la+6. This can 2e hel! in 6osition in front of the lens with a ru22er 2an!. ( longer e56osure will 2e necessary% 2ut goo! clou! effects can 2e 6rocure! in this +anner. Ele(t*$( L !) E9)e*$!e"t- %&+0' Incan!escent electric la+6s can 2e +a!e to glow so that they +ay 2e seen in a !ar roo+ 2y ru22ing the glo2e on clothing or with a 6a6er% leather or tinfoil an! i++e!iately hol!ing near a 1G$=in. Duh+ orff coil which is in action 2ut not s6ar ing. The +iniature 1) c6.% $0 an! $$=<olt la+6s will show Juite 2rilliantly% 2ut the 110=<olt glo2es will not glow. Ehen e56eri+enting with these glo2es e<erything shoul! 2e !ry. ( col!% !ry at+os6here will gi<e 2est results. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

(nnual Degatta% 7ort Mel2ourne% (ustralia Ho3 to M ,e S$!)le W$*ele-- Tele#* )8 %&+&' By (DTH1D #. J,#DI/ (n efficient wireless=telegra6h recei<ing a66aratus for !istances u6 to 1%000 ft. +ay 2e constructe! in the following +anner4 (ttach a watchcase tele6hone recei<er to a !ry cell% or 2attery% of any +a e. The negati<e 6ole% or Binc% of the cell is connecte! to a groun! wire. This is !one 2y attaching to a gas or water 6i6e. The 6ositi<e 6ole% or car2on% of the cell is connecte! to the aerial line. This aerial collector can 2e +a!e in

<arious ways% either 2y using a screen wire or nu+erous wires

*or Distances u6 to 1000 *eet +a!e in an o6en coil an! hung in the air. *ile a V=sha6e! groo<e in the u66er en! of the car2on of the cell. (ttach a s+all 2ent co66er wire in the 2in!ing 6ost that is attache! to the Binc of the cell. In the 2en! of this wire an! the V=sha6e! groo<e file! into the car2on% lay a nee!le. This will co+6lete the recei<ing station. 1se a s6ar coil in connection with a telegra6h ey for the sen!ing station% +a ing a groun! with one wire% an! ha<e the other connecte! with another aerial line. By connecting the tele6hone recei<er to the cell an! at the sa+e ti+e ha<ing a short circuit a recei<ing station is +a!e. (s the tele6hone offers a high resistance% 6art of the current will try to ta e the shorter high resistance through the nee!le. If the wa<es stri e across the nee!le% the resistance is less% an! thus less current tra<els through the tele6hone recei<er. If the wa<e ceases% the resistance 2etween the nee!le an! the car2on is increase!% an! as less current will flow the short way% it is co+6elle! to ta e the longer +etallic way through the win!ings of the recei<er% which will cause the clic ings that can 2e hear!. To P*e-e*1e P4tt< %&+&' 7utty% when left e56ose! to the air% will soon 2eco+e !ry an! useless. I ha<e e6t 6utty in goo! con!ition for +ore than a year 2y 6lacing it in a glass 8ar an! ee6ing it entirely co<ere! with water. Ho3 to M ,e S! ll Sto* #e B tte*< %&+&'

The cell of a storage 2attery consists of two 6lates% a 6ositi<e an! a negati<e% +a!e of lea! an! 6lace! in a !ilute solution of sul6huric aci!. 0arge 2atteries +a!e of large cells ha<e a great nu+2er of 6lates% 2oth 6ositi<e an! negati<e% of which all 6ositi<e 6lates are connecte! to one ter+inal an! the negati<e 6lates to the other ter+inal. The storage cell% as !escri2e! 2elow% is the right siBe to 2e charge! 2y a few gra<ity cells an! is easily +a!e. Secure a 6iece of 1='GI=in. lea! 6i6e% L in. long% an! cut 2oth en!s s+ooth an! sJuare with the 6i6e. Sol!er a circular !is of lea! to one en!% for+ing a cu6 of the 6i6e. (s this cu6 +ust hol! the sul6huric aci! it +ust 2e 6erfectly liJui!=tight. It is also necessary to get another lea! 6i6e of the sa+e length 2ut only 'GI =in. in !ia+eter. In this 6i6e shoul! 2e 2ore! as +any 1G8=in. holes

as 6ossi2le% e5ce6t for a2out 1 in. on each en!. ,ne en! of this tu2e is ha++ere! together as shown at ( in the s etch to +a e a 6oc et to hol! the 6aste. This% of course% !oes not nee! to 2e watertight. ( 2o5 of woo! is +a!e to hol! the larger tu2e or cu6. This 2o5 can 2e sJuare% an! the corners left o6en aroun! the cu6 can 2e fille! with saw!ust. ( su66ort is now +a!e fro+ a 2loc of woo! to hol! the tu2e% B% in 6lace an! to ee6 it fro+ touching the cu6 .. This su66ort or 2loc % D% is cut circular with the sa+e !ia+eter as the lea! cu6 .. The lower 6ortion of the 2loc is cut away so it will 8ust fit insi!e of the cu6 to for+ a sto66er. The center of this 2loc is now 2ore! to +a e a hole the sa+e siBe as the s+aller lea! 6i6e. 7lace the lea! 6i6e in the hole an! i++erse it in s+o ing hot 6araffine wa5% an! lea<e it until the woo! has 2eco+e thoroughly saturate! with the hot wa5. 1se care to ee6 the wa5 fro+ running on the lea! at any 6lace other than the en! within the woo! 2loc . Two 2in!ing=6osts shoul! 2e attache!% one to the 6ositi<e% or tu2e B% an! the other to the negati<e% or tu2e .% 2y sol!ering the 8oint. ( 6aste for the 6ositi<e 6late is +a!e fro+ 1 6art sul6huric aci! an! 1 6art water with a sufficient a+ount of re! lea! a!!e! to +a e of thic !ry consistency. Ehen +i5ing the aci! an! water% 2e sure to a!! the aci! to the water an! not the water to the aci!. (lso re+e+2er that sul6huric aci! will !estroy anything that it co+es in contact with an! will +a e a 6ainful 2urn if it touches the han!s. Stir the +i5ture with a stic an! when a goo! !ry 6aste is for+e!% 6ut it into the s+aller tu2e an! ra+ it !own until the tu2e is al+ost fille!. The 6aste that +ay ha<e co+e through the holes is scra6e! off an! the tu2e set asi!e to !ry. The large tu2e or cu6 is fille! with a !ilute! solution of sul6huric aci!. This solution shoul! 2e a2out one=twelfth aci!. The cell is now co+6lete an! rea!y for storing the current. The cell +ay 2e charge! with three gra<ity cells. These are connecte! in series an! the 6ositi<e ter+inal 2in!ing=6ost on the storage cell is connecte! to the wire lea!ing fro+ the co66er 6late in the gra<ity cell. The other 6late is connecte! to the Binc. The first charge shoul! 2e run into the cell for a2out one wee an! all su2seJuent charges shoul! only ta e fro+ 10 to 1$ hours. F$tt$"# Pl4# $" D$00e*e"t S8 )ed Hole- %&++'

( certain ing offere! to gi<e the 6rince his li2erty if he coul! whittle a 6lug that woul! fit four !ifferent sha6e! holes% na+ely4 a sJuare hole% a roun! one% an o2long one an! a trian= gular one% says the 7athfin!er. ( 2roo+stic was use! to +a e the 6lug an! it was whittle! in the sha6e shown

*its *our Different Sha6e! Holes in *ig. 1. The holes in the !ifferent 6laces as shown in *ig. $% were fitte! 2y this one 6lug. Ho3 to M ,e L$#8t"$"# A**e-te* %&++'

Secure a 6iece of woo! a2out '=1G$ in. sJuare that will furnish a nice finish an! roun! the corners an! +a e a s+all roun!ing e!ge as shown in the s etch. *ro+ a 6iece of 2rass 1G1) in. thic cut two 6ieces ali e% ( an! B% an! +atch the+ together% lea<ing a2out 1G1) in. 2e= tween their u66er e!ges an! fasten the+ to the woo! with 2in!ing=6osts. The thir! 6iece of 2rass% .% is fitte!

2etween the 6ieces ( an! B allowing a s6ace of 1G1)=in. all aroun! the e!ge. ,ne 2in!ing= 6ost an! a s+all screw will hol! the 6iece of 2rass% .% in 6lace on the woo!. The connections are +a!e fro+ the line wires to the two u66er 2in!ing=6osts an! 6arallel fro+ the lower 2in!ing=6osts to the instru+ent. The thir! 2in!ing=6ost on . is connecte! to the groun! wire. (ny hea<y charge fro+ lightning will 8u+6 the saw teeth 6art of the 2rass an! is groun!e! without !oing har+ to the instru+ents use!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #!win Eal er% .hicago% Ill. A Ho!e7M de P4"t %&+/' ( flat 2otto+ 2oat is easy to +a e an! is one of the safest 2oats% as it is not rea!ily o<erturne!. It has the a!<antage of 2eing rowe! fro+ either en!% an! has 6lenty of goo! seating ca6acity. This 6unt% as shown in *ig. 1% is 2uilt 1L ft. long% a2out $0 in. !ee6 an! I ft. wi!e. The en!s are cut slo6ing for a2out $0 in. 2ac an! un!er. The si!es are each +a!e u6 fro+ 2oar!s hel! together with 2attens on the insi!e of the 2oat near the en!s an! in the +i!!le. ,ne wi!e 2oar! shoul! 2e use! for the 2otto+ 6iece. Two 6ins are !ri<en in the to6 2oar! of each si!e to ser<e as oarloc s. The 2otto+ is co<ere! with +atche! 2oar!s not o<er L in. wi!e. These 6ieces are 6lace! together as closely as 6ossi2le% using white lea! 2etween the 8oints an! nailing the+ to the e!ges of the si!e 2oar!s an! to a eel stri6 that runs the length of the 6unt% as shown in *ig. $. Before nailing the 2oar!s 6lace la+6 wic ing 2etween the+ an! the e!ges of the si!e 2oar!s. ,nly gal<aniBe! nails shoul! 2e use!. In or!er to +a e the 6unt 6erfectly water= tight it is 2est to use the !riest lu+2er o2taina2le. (t one en! of the 6unt a s ag an! a ru!!er can 2e attache! as shown in *ig. '.

#asy to Buil! an! Safe to 1se P8oto#* )8e*-; P*$"t$"# F* !e St "d %&+/' Ehen using !e<elo6ing 6a6ers it is always 2otherso+e to 2uil! u6 2oo s or

(!8usta2le to (ny Height s+all 2o5es to +a e a 6lace to set the 6rinting fra+e in front of the light. Details for +a ing a s+all stan! that is a!8usta2le to any !esire! height are shown in the s etch. In *ig. 1 is shown the construction of the sli!ing hol!er. ( 6iece of 1GI=in. gas 6i6e% (% is cut 1 in. long an! fitte! with a thu+2screw% B. The 6iece of 6i6e is sol!ere! to the +i!!le on the 2ac si!e of a 6iece of +etal that is a2out I 2y I=1G$ in. with its lower e!ge turne! u6 to for+ a s+all shelf as shown at .. The +ain 6art of the stan! is +a!e 2y inserting a LG1)=in. ro! tightly into a 2loc of har! +a6le woo! that is 1 in. thic an! '=1G$ in. sJuare :*ig $;. The 6i6e that is sol!ere! to the +etal su66ort will sli!e u6 an! !own the ro! an! the thu+2screw can 2e set to hol! it at the !esire! 6oint. He t "d E9) "-$o" %&+2' Ta e an electric light 2ul2 fro+ which the air has not 2een e5hauste! an! i++erse it in water an! then 2rea off the 6oint. (s there is a <acuu+ in the 2ul2 it will Juic ly fill with water. Sha e the 2ul2 gently until a 6art of the water is out an! then screw the 2ul2 into a soc et with the 6oint always !ownwar!. (66ly the current an! the heate! air insi!e will soon e56an! an! force the water out with great ra6i!ity. So+eti+es this e56eri+ent can 2e !one se<eral ti+es 2y using the sa+e 2ul2.=.ontri2ute! 2y .urtiss Hill% Taco+a% Eash. P8oto#* )8$"# St*e , o0 L$#8t"$"# %&+2'

The acco+6anying illustration is a re+ar a2le 6hotogra6h of a strea of lightning. Many interesting 6ictures of this in! can 2e +a!e !uring a stor+ at night. The ca+era is set in a 6lace where it will not get wet an! left stan!ing with the shutter o6en an! the 6late rea!y for the e56osure. Shoul! a lightning strea a66ear within the range of the lens it will 2e +a!e on the 6late% which can 2e !e<elo6e! in the usual +anner. It will reJuire so+e atten= tion to that 6art of the s y within the range of the lens so as to not +a e a !ou2le e56osure 2y letting a secon! flash enter the o6en lens.==.ontri2ute! 2y .harles H. Eagner. Y Y Y Y Y

Bora5 +ay 2e use! as a sol<ent for shellac gu+. Y Y Y Y Y S! ll S$"#le7P8 -e I"d4(t$o" Moto* %&+2' By .. H. Bell

Ho3 to M ,e

The following notes on a s+all single=6hase in!uction +otor% without au5iliary 6hase% which the writer has +a!e% +ay 2e of interest to so+e of our rea!ers% says the Mo!el #ngineer. The 6ro2le+ to 2e sol<e! was the construction of a +otor large enough to !ri<e a sewing +achine or <ery light lathe% to 2e su66lie! with 110=<olt alternating current fro+ a lighting circuit% an! to consu+e% if 6ossi2le% no +ore current than a 1)=c6. la+6. In !esigning% it ha! to 2e 2orne in +in! that% with the e5ce6tion of insulate! wire% no s6ecial +aterials coul! 2e o2taine!.

The 6rinci6le of an in!uction +otor is Juite !ifferent fro+ that of the co++utator +otor. The win!ing of the ar+ature% or Nrotor%N has no connection with the outsi!e circuit% 2ut the current is in!uce! in it 2y the action of the alternating current su66lie! to the win!ing of

the fiel!=+agnet% or Nstator.N /either co++utator nor sli6 rings are reJuire!% an! all s6ar ing is a<oi!e!. 1nfortunately% this little +achine is not self=starting% 2ut a slight 6ull on the 2elt 8ust as the current is turne! on is all that is nee!e!% an! the +otor ra6i!ly gathers s6ee! 6ro<i!e! no loa! is 6ut on until it is in ste6 with the alternations of the su66ly. It then runs at constant s6ee! whether gi<en +uch or little current% 2ut sto6s if o<erloa!e! for +ore than a few secon!s. The stator has four 6oles an! is 2uilt u6 of 6ieces of sheet iron use! for sto<e 6i6es% which runs a2out 'L sheets to the inch. (ll the 6ieces are ali e an! cut on the lines with the !i+ensions as shown in *ig. 1% with the !otte! line% .% to 2e file! out after they are 6lace! together. #ach layer of four is 6lace! with the 6ointe! en!s of the 6ieces alternately to the right an! left so as to 2rea 8oints as shown in *ig. $. The la+inations were carefully 2uilt u6 on a 2oar! into which hea<y wires ha! 2een !ri<en to ee6 the+ in 6lace until all were in 6osition an! the whole coul! 2e cla+6e! !own. In the +i!!le of the 6ieces 1GI=in. holes% B% were then !rille! an! 1GI=in. 2olts 6ut in an! tightene! u6% large holes 2eing cut through the woo! to ena2le this to 2e !one. The ar+ature tunnel was then carefully file! out an! all ta en a6art again so that the rough e!ges coul! 2e scra6e! off an! the la+inations gi<en a thin coat of shellac <arnish on one si!e. (fter asse+2ling a secon! ti+e% the 2olts were coate! with shellac an! 6ut into 6lace for goo!. Holes L='$ in. in !ia+eter were !rille! in the corners% (% an! fille! with ri<ets% also <arnishe! 2efore they were 6ut in. Ehen 6ut together they shoul! +a e a 6iece $ in. thic . This 6eculiar construction was a!o6te! 2ecause 6ro6er sta+6ings were not a<aila2le% an! as e<ery 2it of sheet iron ha! to 2e cut with a s+all 6air of tinnersC sni6s% it was i+6ortant to ha<e a <ery si+6le outline for the 6ieces. They are not 6articularly accurate as it is% an! when so+e of the+ got out of their 6ro6er or!er while 2eing <arnishe!% an aw war! 8o2 occurre! in the +agnet which was ne<er entirely correcte!. /o !ou2t so+e energy is lost through the large nu+2er of 8oints% all re6resenting 2rea s in the +agnetic circuit% 2ut as the la+inations are tightly hel! together an! the circuit is a2out as co+= 6act as it coul! 6ossi2ly 2e% 6ro2a2ly the loss is not as great as it woul! a66ear at first sight. The rotor is +a!e of la+inations cut fro+ sheet iron% as shown in *ig. '% which were <arnishe! lightly on one si!e an! cla+6e! on the shaft 2etween two nuts in the usual way. ( <ery slight cut was ta en in the lathe afterwar!s to true the circu+ference. The shaft was turne! fro+ 1G$=in. wrought iron% no steel 2eing o2taina2le% an! is shown with !i+ensions in *ig. I. The 2earings were cast of 2a22itt +etal% as shown in *ig. L% in a woo!en +ol! an! 2ore! to siBe with a twist !rill in the lathe. They are fitte! with or!inary wic lu2ricators. *igures ) an! 7 are sections showing the general arrange+ent of the +achine. The stator is woun! full with /o. $$ !ou2le cotton=co<ere! co66er wire%

a2out $=1G$ l2. 2eing use!% an! the connections are such as to 6ro!uce alternate 6oles==that is% the en! of the first coil is 8oine! to the en! of the secon! the 2eginning of the secon! to the 2eginning of the thir!% an! the en! of the thir! to the en! of the fourth% while the 2eginnings

of the first an! fourth coils connect to the su66ly. The rotor is woun! with /o. $I !ou2le cotton=co<ere! co66er wire% each li+2 2eing fille! with a2out $00 turns% an! all woun! in the sa+e !irection. The four co++encing en!s are connecte! together on one si!e of the rotor an! the four finishing en!s are sol!ere! together on the other. (ll win!ing s6aces are carefully co<ere! with two layers of ca+2ric soa e! in shellac% an! as each layer of wire was woun!% it was well saturate! with <arnish 2efore the ne5t was 6ut on. This ty6e of +otor has !raw2ac s% as 2efore state!% 2ut if regular sta+6ings are use! for the la+inations% it woul! 2e <ery si+6le to 2uil!% ha<ing no co++utator or 2rushes% an! woul! not easily get out of or!er. /o starting resistance is nee!e!% an! as the +otor runs at constant s6ee!% !e6en!ing u6on the nu+2er of alternations of the su66ly% a regulating resistance is not nee!e!. C *.ol$( A($d B4*"- %&+6' The 6ain of car2olic aci! 2urns can 2e relie<e! 6ro+6tly 2y washing with alcohol% if a66lie! i++e!iately. If too late for alcohol to 2e of use% 2rush with water containing saturate! solution of 6icric aci!. Ho3 to M ,e P )e* Boo, Co1e* %&+6'

Boo co<ers 2eco+e soile! in han!ling an! es6ecially school 2oo s. Various +etho!s are a66lie! for +a ing a te+6orary co<er that will 6rotect the 2oo co<er. ( 6a6er co<er can 2e Juic ly +a!e 2y using a 6iece of 6a6er larger than 2oth co<ers on the 2oo when they are o6en. *ol! the 6a6er on the long !otte! line% as shown in *ig. 1. Ehen the fol!s are +a!e the 6a6er shoul! then 2e 8ust as wi!e as the 2oo co<er is high. The en!s are then fol!e! on the short !otte! lines% which will +a e it a66ear as shown in *ig. $. The 6a6er thus fol!e! is 6lace! on the 2oo co<er as shown in *ig. '=.ontri2ute! 2y .. #. McFinney% Jr.% /ewar % /. J.

To 7rotect Boo .o<ers Ho3 to M ,e L "te*" Sl$de- %&+7' The 6o6ularity of lantern sli!es% an! es6ecially of colore! ones% as a +eans of illustrating songs% has cause! so large a !e+an! for this class of wor that al+ost any a+ateur +ay ta e u6 sli!e +a ing at a goo! 6rofit. The lantern sli!e is a glass 6late% coate! with slow an! e5tre+ely fine=graine! e+ulsion. The siBe is '=1GI 2y I in. ( lantern sli!e is +erely a 6rint on a glass 6late instea! of on 6a6er. 0antern sli!es can 2e +a!e in two !ifferent ways. ,ne is 2y contact% e5actly the sa+e as a 6rint is +a!e on 6a6er% an! the other 2y re!uction in the ca+era. In +a ing sli!es 2y contact% select the negati<e an! 6lace it in the 6rinting fra+e an! 6ut the lantern 6late u6on it% fil+ to fil+. .la+6 !own the 2ac an! e56ose 8ust as in +a ing a 6rint. ( goo! +etho! of e56osing is to hol! a lighte! +atch a2out ' in. fro+ the fra+e for three or +ore secon!s accor!= ing to the !ensity. De<elo6+ent is carrie! on in the sa+e +anner as with a negati<e. The i+age shoul!

a66ear in. a2out a +inute% an! !e<elo6+ent shoul! 2e o<er in three or four +inutes. If the e56osure has 2een correct% the high lights will stay white throughout the !e<elo6+ent an! will co+e out as clear glass after fi5ing. It is 2est to use the !e<elo6ers reco++en!e! 2y the +anufacturer of the 6lates use!% the for+ulas 2eing foun! in each 6ac age of 6lates. It is 2est% also% to use a 6lain fi5ing 2ath% which +ust 2e fresh an! e6t as cool as 6ossi2le in hot weather. The lantern=sli!e fil+ that is new on the +ar et can 2e han!le! in the sa+e +anner as the glass=6late sli!e% e5ce6t that the 2in!ing is !ifferent. The results are the sa+e an! the sli!es are not so 2ul y to han!le. Being un2rea a2le% they are +uch use! 2y tra<elers. The +anner of 2in!ing the+ for use in a lantern is !escri2e! on the circular enclose! with the fil+.

The .a+era as It is (rrange! in *ront of the Ein!ow for De!ucing the SiBe of a 7icture% an! the Metho! of Bin!ing the Sli!es Ehen the negati<e is larger than the lantern=sli!e 6late% an! it is !esira2le to re!uce the entire <iew u6on the sli!e% a little e5tra wor will 2e necessary. Select a roo+ with one win!ow% if 6ossi2le% an! fit a light=6roof fra+e into it to ee6 out all light with the e5ce6tion of a hole in which to 6lace the negati<e% as shown in *ig. 1. 1nless this hole is on a line with the s y it will 2e necessary to 6lace a sheet of white car!2oar! at an angle of IL !eg. on the outsi!e of the fra+e to reflect the light through the negati<e as shown in *ig. $. Ma e or secure an insi!e it to 6lace in the 6late hol!er of your ca+era to hol! the lantern sli!e 6late as shown in *ig. '. Draw lines with a 6encil% outlining on the groun! glass of the ca+era the siBe of the lantern sli!e 6late% an! in the 6lace where the 6late will 2e in the 6late hol!er when 6lace! in 6osition in the ca+era. This will ena2le you to focus to the 6ro6er siBe. 7lace the ca+era in front of the hole in the fra+e% 6lace the negati<e in the hole an! focus the ca+era for the lantern sli!e siBe. #56ose with a +e!iu+ sto6 for a2out $0 secon!s an! treat the 6late the sa+e as with the contact e56osure. Ehen !ry the lantern sli!e 6late +ay 2e tinte! any color 2y +eans of liJui! colors. These can 2e 6urchase! fro+ any 6hoto +aterial store. In coloring the sli!e 6late it is only necessary to +oisten the gelatine fil+ fro+ ti+e to ti+e with a 6iece of cloth !a+6ene! in water. The colors +ay then 2e s6rea! e<enly with a soft 2rush% which shoul! 2e e6t in +otion to 6re<ent s6ots. The sli!e is 6ut together 2y 6lacing a +at +a!e of 2lac 6a6er% as shown in *ig. I% on the gelatine si!e of the lantern sli!e% (% *ig. L% an! then a 6lain glass% B% o<er the +at% .% an! the three 2oun! together with 6asse6artout ta6e% D. .ontrasty negati<es +a e the 2est sli!es% 2ut the lantern sli!e 6late shoul! 2e +a!e without any atte+6t to gain !ensity. HOW TO MA>E A PORCH SWING CHAIR %&+8'

The +aterial nee!e! for +a ing this 6orch swing chair are two 6ieces of roun! woo! $= 1G$ in. in !ia+eter an! $0 in. long% an! two 6ieces 1=1GI in. in !ia+eter an! I0 in. long. These longer 6ieces can 2e +a!e sJuare% 2ut for a66earance it is 2est to ha<e the+ roun! or sJuare with the corners roun!e!. ( 6iece of can<as% or other stout cloth% 1) in. wi!e an! L0 in. long% is to 2e use! for the seat. The two short 6ieces of woo! are use! for the en!s of the chair an! two 1=in. holes are 2ore! in each en! of the+ 1=1G$ in. fro+ the en!s% an! 2etween the holes an! the en!s groo<es are cut aroun! the+ to +a e a 6lace to fasten ro6es% as shown at B% *ig. 1. The two longer 6ieces are use! for the si!es an! a tenon is cut on each en! of the+ to fit in the 1=in. holes 2ore! in the en! 6ieces% as shown at (% *ig. 1. The can<as is now tac e! on the en! 6ieces an! the 6ieces gi<en one turn 2efore 6lacing the +ortising together.

The chair is now hung u6 to the 6orch ceiling with ro6es attache! to a large screw eye or hoo . The en! of the chair to 2e use! for the lower 6art is hel! a2out 1) in. fro+ the floor with ro6es !irect fro+ the groo<es in the en! 6ieces to the hoo . The u66er en! is su66orte! 2y using a ro6e in the for+ of a loo6 or 2ail% as shown in *ig. $. The +i!!le of the loo6 or 2ail shoul! 2e a2out 1L in. fro+ the en! 6iece of the chair. (nother ro6e is attache! to the loo6 an! through the hoo an! to a sli!e as shown. This will allow for a!8ust+ent t6 +a e the !e<ice into a chair or a ha++oc ==.ontri2ute! 2y #arl D. Hastings% .orinth% Vt. Ho3 to F$"d t8e Bl$"d S)ot $" t8e E<e %&+:' Ma e a s+all 2lac circular !ot 1G$ in. in !ia+eter on a 6iece of car!2oar! an! a2out ' in. fro+ the center of this !ot !raw a star. Hol! the car!2oar! so that the star will 2e !irectly in front of one eye% while the !ot will 2e in front of the other. If the star is in front of the left eye% close the right eye an! loo stea!ily at the star while you +o<e the car!2oar! until the 6oint is reache! where the !ot !isa66ears. This will 6ro<e the 6resence of a 2lin! s6ot in a 6ersonCs eye. The other eye can 2e gi<en the sa+e e56eri+ent 2y turning the car!2oar! en! for en!. The 2lin! s6ot !oes not in!icate !isease! eyes% 2ut it si+6ly +ar s the 6oint where the o6tic ner<e enters the eye2all% which 6oint is not 6ro= <i!e! with the necessary <isual en! organs of the sight% nown as ro!s an! cones. Bee-3 9 S4.-t$t4te %&+:' ( wa5 fro+ the rafie 6al+ of Ma!agascar is 2eing use! as a su2stitute for 2eeswa5. Ho!e7M de W te* W8eel Doe- F !$l< W -8$"# %&+:'

The acco+6anying s etch illustrates a <ery ingenious !e<ice which !oes the fa+ily washing% as well as to o6erate other househol! +achines. ( !is 1 in. in thic ness an! 10 in. in !ia+eter was cut fro+ a 6iece of rough 2oar!% an! on its circu+ference were naile! a nu+2er of cu6=sha6e! 6ieces cut fro+ ol! tin cans. ( hole was then 2ore! through the center of the !is an! an ol! 6iece of iron ro! was !ri<en through to for+ a shaft. Two holes were then 2ore! o66osite each other through the si!es of a woo!en 2o5 in which the !is was 6lace!% allowing the shaft to 6ro8ect through the holes. ( s+all groo<e! woo!en 6ulley was !ri<en tightly on one of the 6ro8ecting en!s of the shaft. The to6 of the 2o5 was then tightly close! an! a hole% large enough to a!+it the noBBle of a gar!en hose% was 2ore! so that the 8et of water woul! flow u6on the tin 2uc ets that were naile! to the circu+ference of the wheel or !is . (nother hole was 2ore! in the 2otto+ of the 2o5 large enough to allow the waste water to run away freely. ( 2elt% +a!e fro+ an or!inary sash cor!% was run fro+ the s+all 6ulley on the waterwheel to a large 6ulley% as shown in *ig. 1. ( 6it+an was attache! to the large 6ulley% which o6erates the washing +achine 2y its reci6rocating +otion% an! the length of the stro e is a!8uste! 2y +o<ing the 6osition of the hinge 8oint on the ar+ of the washing +achine% as shown in *ig. $. The 6ressure at the noBBle is a2out $0 l2. 6er sJuare inch% an! is sufficient to !ri<e the waterwheel un!er all or!inary circu+stances.=.ontri2ute! 2y 7. J. O;G * D (u2urn% .al% A" O)t$( l Ill4-$o" %&/0' Ehen loo ing at the acco+6anying s etch you will say that the letters are alternately incline! to the right an! left. They are not so an! can 2e 6ro<e! 2y +easuring the !istance of the to6 an! 2otto+ of any <ertical stro es fro+ the e!ge of the entire 2loc . They will 2e foun! to 2e e5actly the sa+e !istance. ,r ta e any of the horiBontal stro es of the four letters an! see how far their e5tre+ities are fro+ the to6 an! 2otto+ of the entire 2loc . It will 2e foun! that a line 8oining the e5tre+ities of the stro es are strictly 6arallel to the to6 or 2otto+ an! that they are not on a slant at all. It is the slant of the nu+erous short lines that go to +a e u6 the letter as a whole that !ecei<es the eye.

Ho!e7M de M$(*o!ete* %&/0' It often 2eco+es necessary to fin! the thic ness of +aterial so thin% or incon<enient to +easure% that a rule or other +easuring !e<ice will not ser<e the 6ur6ose. ( si+6le% fairly accurate% an! easily +a!e a66aratus of the +icro+eter for+ +ay 2e constructe! as shown 2y the acco+6anying s etch. Secure a co++on iron or 2rass 2olt a2out 1GI=in. in !ia+eter an! a2out $=1G$ in. long% with as fine a threa! as 6ossi2le% an! the threa! cut to within a short !istance of the hea! of the 2olt. The hea! of the 2olts shoul! ha<e a slot cut for the use of a screw!ri<er. .la+6 together two 2loc s of woo! with sJuare corners which are a2out 1 in. wi!e% 'GI in. thic an! $=1G$ in. long an! fasten the+ together with s+all 6ieces naile! across the en!s. The wi!th of the 2loc s will then 2e a2out $ in. Bore a 1GI=in. hole through the center of the 2loc s in the $ in. !irection. De+o<e the cla+6 an! set the nut into one of the 2loc s% so that the hole will 2e continuous with the hole in the woo!. .ut out a 6iece fro+ the 2loc co+2ination% lea<ing it sha6e! li e a 2ench% an! glue the 2otto+s of the legs to a 6iece of thin 2oar! a2out $=1G$ in. sJuare for a su66ort. Sol!er one en! of a stiff wire that is a2out $ in. long to the hea! of the 2olt at right angles to the shaft% an! fi5 a !isc of hea<y 6aste2oar! with a ra!ius eJual to the length of the wire% an! with its circu+ference gra!uate! into eJual s6aces% to ser<e in +easuring re<olutions of the en! of the wire% to the to6 of the 2ench. 7ut the 2olt in the hole% screwing it through the nut%

an! the construction is co+6lete. The 2ase is i+6ro<e! for the +easuring wor 2y fastening a s+all 6iece of woo! on the 2oar! 2etween the legs of the 2ench. ( s+all 6iece of +etal is glue! on this 6iece of woo! at the 6oint where the 2olt +eets it. *in! the nu+2er of threa!s of the screw to the inch 2y 6lacing the 2olt on a +easuring rule% an! counting the threa!s in an inch of its length. The 2olt in +a ing one re<olution will !escen! a !istance eJual to the !istance 2etween the threa!s. The !e<ice is use! 2y 6lacing the o28ect whose thic ness is to 2e +easure! on the 2ase un!er the 2olt% an! screwing the 2olt !own until its en! 8ust touches the o28ect% then re+o<ing the o28ect% an! screwing the 2olt !own until its en! 8ust touches the 2ase% carefully noting while !oing so the !istance that the en! of the wire +o<es o<er the scale. The 6art of a rotation of the 2olt% or the nu+2er of rotations with any a!!itional 6arts of a rotation a!!e!% !i<i!e! 2y the nu+2er of threa!s to the inch% will 2e the thic ness of the o28ect. @uite accurate +easure+ents +ay 2e +a!e with this instru+ent% says the Scientific (+erican% an! in the a2sence of the e56ensi<e +icro+eter% it ser<es a <ery useful 6ur6ose.

A"ot8e* Ele(t*$( L !) E9)e*$!e"t %&/&' Brea a 6ortion of the en! off fro+ a 1)=c6. glo2e that has 2een thrown away as useless. Sha e the glo2e until all the fila+ent is 2ro en away% lea<ing only the en!s of the 6latinu+ wire e56ose!. Screw the glo2e into a soc et that sets u6right an! fill it with salt water. Ma e one connection to the soc et fro+ the 6ositi<e wire of a 110 <olt circuit an! the other to a groun!. Ehen the current is turne! on s+all stars will 2e seen in the glo2e% which show u6 fine at night. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0in!say McMillan% Santa Maria% ,al. Re!o1$"# I", St $"- %&/&' Two or three a66lications of +il which are wi6e! u6 with a !ry cloth will re+o<e in!ia in s6ots on car6ets. Fe t o0 B l "($"# o" C8 $*- %&/&'

(+ong the nu+erous 6hysical e5ercises is the feat of 2alancing on the two rear legs of a chair while one foot rests on the front 6art of the seat an! the other on the 2ac of the chair. This +ay a66ear to 2e a har! thing to !o% yet with a little 6ractice it +ay 2e acco+6lishe!. This e5ercise is one of +any 6ractice! 2y the 2oys of a 2oysC ho+e for an annual !is6lay gi<en 2y the+. ( !oBen of the 2oys will +ount chairs at the sa+e ti+e an! ee6 the+ in 2alance at the wor! of a co++an!ing officer. Ho3 to M ,e Me**<7Go7Ro4"d S3$"# %&/&'

( ) 2y )=in. 6iece of woo! 1$ ft. long is use! for the center 6ole. Bore a 'GI=in. hole in each en! to a !e6th of ) in. 7lace a 'GI=in. 2olt in each hole% the 2olt 2eing long enough to 6rotru!e $ in. 2eyon! the en! of the woo!. Short 6ieces of woo! are naile! on the center 6ole a2out $ ft. fro+ the en! that is to 2e use! for the 2otto+. This shoul! for+ a hu2 on which to 6lace the inner en!s of the e5ten!ing s6o es that hol! the 6latfor+. The s6o es are +a!e fro+ twel<e 6ieces of $ 2y I=in. +aterial 1$ ft. long. 1sually a wheel can 2e foun! in a scra6 6ile suita2le to 6lace on the 6in that is in the to6 en! of the center 6ole. The wheel shoul! 2e o6en

Si!e an! To6 View or ha<e s6o es. This wheel is use! to attach wires for guying. The 2otto+ 6in in the center 6ole is 6lace! in a hole that is 2ore! into a 2loc of woo! a2out 1$=in. sJuare an! ' or I in. thic . ( 6iece of sheet +etal shoul! 2e !rille! an! 6lace! on the 6in 2etween the 2loc an! en! of the 6ole to +a e a s+ooth 2earing. The center 6ole is now 6lace! in 6osition an! guye! with si5 wires that are a2out 'L ft. long. Sta es are !ri<en into the groun! an! the wires fastene! to the+ an! to the wheel at the to6 en! of the 6ole. .are shoul! 2e ta en when attaching the wires to get the center 6ole to stan! 6er6en!icular. Twel<e hoo s shoul! 2e 6lace! at eJual !istances aroun! the center 6ole a2out 1 ft. fro+ the to6 en!. Eires are fastene! to these hoo s an! to the twel<e $ 2y I=in. 6ieces use! for the s6o es. The wires shoul! 2e tie! aroun! each s6o e a2out $ ft. fro+ the en!s. S6ace the s6o es with eJual !i<isions an! co<er the outer $ ft. of the en!s with 2oar!s% as shown in the 6lan s etch on the right han! en! of the !rawing. The 2oar!s +ay 2e naile! or 2olte!. If 2olte! an! the wires +a!e in a loo6 at the hoo s% the swing can easily 2e ta en a6art an! change! fro+ one 6lace to another.=.ontri2ute! 2y (. ,. 9raha+% *ort Eorth% Te5. Ho!e7M de A*( L !) %&/+' The fra+e of the la+6 is +a!e fro+ 2ar +etal 'GI in. wi!e an! 1G8 in. thic % 2ent an! wel!e! to +a e a continuous loo6 in the sha6e as shown at 9 in the s etch. This fra+e shoul! 2e a2out 10=1G$ in. long with the u66er or wi!er 6art I in. long% an! the lower 6art )= 1G$ in. long. The wi!th shoul! 2e a2out L=1GI in. at

the to6 an! I in. at the 2otto+. ( cross 2ar% 0% +a!e of the sa+e +aterial% is fitte! into the off=set in the fra+e an! ri<ete!. Holes are !rille! through the fra+e an! 2rass 2ushings% H an! J% are fitte! for 2earings to recei<e the a!8usting 2rass ro!% B% which shoul! 2e 1GI in. in !ia+eter. ( 2rass curtain ro! can 2e use! for the ro! B% an! on its lower en! a soc et% 7% is sol!ere!. ( 6iece of 2rass $ in. long% 1G$ in. wi!e an! 1G8 in. thic is use! for the ar+ature% (% to 2e o6erate! 2y the +agnet coil% .. The coil% .% is +a!e in the usual +anner 2y wra66ing /o. 1I cotton=co<ere! +agnet wire on a woo!en s6ool that has a soft iron core. The s6ool

is a2out $=1G$ in. long. The ar+ature% (% is !rille!% +a ing a hole 8ust a little larger than the ro!% B% an! is a!8uste! in 6lace 2y two set screws% D an! #. ( soft 6iece of iron% *% is fast= ene! to the o66osite en! of the ar+ature with a screw% which shoul! 2e 6lace! !irectly un!er the en! of the coilCs core. This en! of the ar+ature +ay 2e e6t fro+ swinging aroun! 2y 6lacing it 2etween a 1=sha6e! 6iece of 2rass fastene! to the cross 6iece 0. (t the 2otto+ en! of the fra+e% an! !irectly centering the holes H an! J% a hole is !rille! to recei<e a har! ru22er 2ushing% D% for insulating the 2rass ferrule% S% that hol!s the lower car2on. ,ne connection is +a!e fro+ the +ain to the u66er 2in!ing=6ost% which is in turn connecte! to one ter+inal of the coil% .% the other coil ter+inal 2eing attache! to the fra+e. The other +ain connection is +a!e to the lower 2in!ing=6ost% which is also connecte! to the 2rass ferrule% S% 2y sol!ering. The two 2in!ing=6osts are insulate! fro+ the fra+e the sa+e as the ferrule S. Ehen using on a 110=<olt circuit there +ust 2e so+e resistance in connection% which +ay 2e ha! 2y using 9er+an sil<er wire% or a water rheostat heretofore !escri2e!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (rthur D. Bra!le<. Dan!ol6h% Mass. I**$# t$o" %&/+' The Me5ican go<ern+ent has a66ro6riate! K$L%000%000 for irrigation wor . Ho3 to H "# Yo4* H t o" Le d Pe"($l %&//'

Ta e a s+ooth he5agon lea! 6encil% one without either ru22er or +etal en!% an! 6lace it against a !oor or win!ow casingH then with a fir+% hea<y 6ressure sli!e the 6encil so+e ' or I in. an! it will stay as if glue! to the casing. -ou +ay now hang your hat on the en! of the 6encil. Ehen you sli!e the 6encil along the casing% !o it without any a66arent effort% an! it will a66ear to your au!ience as though you ha! hy6notiBe! it. This is a <ery neat tric if 6erfor+e! right. *igure 1 shows the 6encil on the casing an! *ig. $ the hat hanging on it.

T<$"#

>"ot 0o* Foot. ll- %&//'

,ne of the +ost 6ro+inent #nglish foot2all clu2s e6t the tying of this not on the ru22er hose of their foot2all a secret an! ne<er allowe! all of its +e+2ers to now how it was tie!. This tie can 2e use! on grain sac s% an! in nu+erous other li e instances. Ma e one loo6 in the cor! an! then another e5actly the sa+e way% as

( Secure Fnot shown in *ig. 1% 6lacing the en! of the cor! un!er the first loo6% then 6ulling at each en! of the cor! as in *ig. $.==(.#.J.

Sto1e )ol$-8 %&//' Sto<e 6olish consists of $ 6arts gra6hite% I 6arts co66eras an! $ 6arts 2one 2lac % +i5e! with water to for+ a 6aste. Ho3 to G$1e " Ele(t*$( S8o(, W8$le S8 ,$"# H "d- %&//' There is nothing Juite so startling as to recei<e an electric shoc une56ecte!ly an! such a shoc +ay 2e gi<en to a frien! while sha ing han!s u6on +eeting. The shoc 6ro!uce! is not har+ful an! the a66aratus can 2e carrie! in the 6oc et. It consists of a s+all in!uction coil that can 2e constructe! at ho+e. The core of the coil% (% *ig. 1% is constructe! in the usual +anner% of s+all soft=iron wire to +a e a 2un!le a2out 'G1) in. in !ia+eter an! $ in. long. The coil en!s are +a!e fro+ car!2oar!% a2out 1 in. in !ia+eter% with a 'G1)=in. hole in the center. The hole

Details of In!uction .oil shoul! 2e cut as shown in *ig. $% so as to ha<e four s+all 6ieces that can 2e 2ent out% lea<ing the 6ro8ections as shown. (fter wra66ing three or four turns of 6a6er aroun! the 2un!le of wires the car!2oar! en!s are 6ut on with the 6ro8ections insi!e% so the coils of wire will hol! the+ in 6lace. (2out 70 turns of /o. $I gauge !ou2le co<ere! +agnet wire is first 6lace! on the core% for the 6ri+ary% an! then 1%L00 turns of /o. '$ or 'I gauge !ou2le=co<ere! wire is wra66e! on to6 of the 6ri+ary% for the secon!ary. Suf= ficient length of wire +ust 2e left outsi!e at each en! of 2oth win!ings to +a e connections. The <i2rator B% *ig. 1% an! the su66ort . are +a!e fro+ thin s6ring steel% a2out 1G8 in. wi!e% 2ent as shown an! securely fastene! to the car!2oar! en! of the coil. The ar+ature is +a!e fro+ a soft 6iece of iron% a2out 'G1) in. in !ia+eter an! 1G1) in. thic % which is sol!ere! to the en! of the <i2rator !irectly o66osite the en! of the core. ( s+all screw is fitte! in the en! of the su66ort% .% for a!8ust+ent% which shoul! 2e ti66e! with 6latinu+ an! also a s+all 6iece of 6latinu+ 6lace! where the screw will touch the <i2rator% B. ,ne of the 6ri+ary wires is connecte! to the screw su66ort. The <i2rator% is connecte! to a flash la+6 2attery% D. The other 6ri+ary wire is connecte! to a switch% S% which in turn is connecte! to the other ter+inal of the 2attery. The switch% S% +ay 2e +a!e fro+ a 'G8=in. cor with the wires 6ut through a2out 'G1) in. a6art an! allow the+ to 6ro8ect a2out 1G$ in. The 6late # is cut a2out 1G$ in. sJuare fro+ a 6iece of co66er an! is fastene! to the heel of one shoe an! connecte! with a wire fro+ the secon!ary coil which +ust 2e conceale! insi!e of the trouser leg. The other secon!ary wire is connecte! through the coat slee<e to a finger ring% *. The <i2rator screw +ust 2e 6ro6erly a!8uste!. Ehen the <i2rator is not wor ing the ar+ature shoul! 2e a2out 1G1) in. fro+ the core an! !irectly o66osite. The coil when co+6lete will 2e a2out $=1G$ in. long an! 1 in. in !ia+eter. The coil can 2e 6lace! in an ol! 2o5 that has 2een use! for talcu+ 6ow!er or sha<ing stic . The s6ace aroun! the coil in the 2o5 can 2e fille! with 6a6er to ee6 it tight. The coil an! 2attery are carrie! in the 6oc ets an! the cor 2utton 6ut in the outsi!e coat 6oc et% where it can 2e 6resse! without attracting attention. E9)e*$!e"t 3$t8 He t %&/2'

7lace a s+all 6iece of 6a6er% lighte!% in an or!inary water glass. Ehile the 6a6er is 2urning turn the glass o<er an! set into a saucer 6re<iously fille! with water. The water will ra6i!ly rise in the glass% as shown in the s etch. Ho3 to Att (8 Co!.$" t$o" T*4", Lo(, %&/2'

( s+all co+2ination loc for chests can 2e 6urchase! for a s+all su+ of +oney an! attache! to a trun co<er after first re+o<ing the ol! loc as shown in *ig. 1. It is necessary to a!! 1G$=in. to the thic ness of the trun li! or co<er. This +ay 2e !one 2y 6lacing a 2rass 6late 1G8=in. thic on the outsi!e an! a 2oar! 'G8=in. thic on the insi!e. The loc % 2rass 6late% 2oar! an! trun co<er are all securely ri<ete! together. The su66ort for the !ial is sol!ere! to the 2rass 6late. The has6% if that 2e the na+e for the !ou2le toothe! arrange+ent that catches into the loc % was to 2e secure! 2y only three 2rass screws% which see+e! to 2e insufficient% says a corres6on!ent of the Metal Eor erH therefore a 6iece of hea<y tin was for+e! o<er the front of the trun % which is only 'G8=in. 2oar!% the has6 tinne! an! sol!ere! to the 2ac of the now 1=sha6e! tin% an! the tin 6lace! o<er the 2oar! an! all fastene! in 6osition. The tin is I in. wi!e% 1) in. long an! when 6lace! o<er the 2oar!% it la6s !own a2out 8 in. 2etween the 2oar!s% an! the sa+e !istance insi!e of the new 2oar!% as shown 2y the hea<y line in the cross section% *ig. 1. Erought nails are use! which 6ass twice through the tin an! 2oth 2oar!s% an! then well clinche!. The three screws were then 6ut in the has6. The no2 on the !ial e5ten!s out too far% which +ay 2e file! off an! two holes su2stitute!% as shown% with which to o6erate the !ial. (n ol! ey is file! !own in the sha6e shown in *ig. $ to fit the two holes. (s the !ial is con<e5 it will nee! 6rotection to 6re<ent in8ury 2y rough han!ling. ( leather shiel! +ay 2e use! for this 6ur6ose% which is cut with two holes% one for the ey an! the other to 6er+it the o6erator to o2ser<e the nu+2ers on the !ial. The shiel! answers a further 6ur6ose of 6re<enting any 2ystan!er fro+ noting the nu+2ers on the !ial.

AN ELECTRIC ILLUSION BOE %&/5' The acco+6anying engra<ings show a +ost interesting for+ of electrically o6erate! illusion consisting of a 2o5 !i<i!e! !iagonally an! each !i<ision alternately lighte! with an electric la+6. By +eans of an auto+atic ther+ostat arrange! in the la+6 circuit causing the la+6s to light successi<ely% an aJuariu+ a66arently without fish one +o+ent is in the ne5t instant swar+ing with li<e gol! fishH an e+6ty <ase <iewe! through the o6ening in the 2o5 su!!enly is fille! with flowers% or an e+6ty cigar 2o5 is seen an! i++e!iately is fille! with cigars. These electric +agic 2o5es as shown are +a!e of +etal an! o5i!iBe! co66er finishe!% 2ut for or!inary use they can 2e +a!e of woo! in the sa+e sha6e an! siBe. The u66er +agic 2o5es as are shown in the engra<ing are a2out 1$ in. sJuare an! 8=1G$ in. high for 6arlor use an! the lower 2o5es are 18 in. sJuare an! 10=1G$ in. high for use in win!ow !is6lays. There is a 6artition arrange! !iagonally in the 2o5 as shown in the 6lan <iew% which co+6letely !i<i!es the 2o5 into two 6arts. ,ne=half the 6artition is fitte! with a 6lain% clear glass as shown. The 6artition an! interior of the 2o5 are ren!ere! non=reflecting 2y 6ainting with a !ull% not shiny% 2lac color. Ehen +a ing of woo!% a !oor +ust 2e 6ro<i!e! on the si!e or rear to +a e changes of e5hi2its. If the 2o5 is +a!e large enough% or in the larger siBe +en= tione!% o6enings +ay 2e +a!e in the 2otto+ for this 6ur6ose% an! also use! in case of 6erfor+ing the +agic tric of allowing two 6ersons to 6lace their

.onstruction of Magic Bo5es hea!s in the 2o5 an! change fro+ one to the other. The electric glo2es are inserte! as shown at 00 through the to6 of the 2o5% one in each !i<ision. Ehen the rear 6art is illu+inate!% any article arrange! within that 6art will 2e <is= i2le to the s6ectator loo ing into the 2o5 through the front o6ening% 2ut when the front 6art is illu+inate!% an! the 2ac left !ar % any article 6lace! therein will 2e reflecte! in. the glass% which ta es the sa+e 6osition to the o2ser<er as the one in the rear. Thus a 6lain aJuariu+ is set in the rear 6art an! one with swi++ing fish 6lace! in

*our #lectric Magic Bo5es .o+6lete for 1se the front% an! with the 6ro6er illu+ination one is change!% as it a66ears% into the other. Ehen using as a win!ow !is6lay% 6lace the goo!s in one 6art an! the 6rice in the other. Many other changes can 2e +a!e at the will of the o6erator. #lectric la+6s +ay 2e controlle! 2y <arious +eans to 6ro!uce !ifferent effects. 0a+6s +ay 2e connecte! in 6arallel an! each turne! on or off 2y +eans of a han!=o6erate! switch or the 2utton on the la+6 soc et% or if !esire! a han!=o6erate! a!8usta2le resistance +ay 2e inclu!e! in the circuit of each la+6 for gra!ually causing the o28ect to fa!e away or rea66ear slowly. Instea! of changing the current o6erate! 2y han!% this +ay 2e !one auto+atically 2y connecting the la+6s in 6arallel on the lighting circuit an! each connecte! in series with a ther+ostatic switch 6lug 6ro<i!e! with a heating coil which o6erates to auto+atically o6en an! close the circuit through the res6ecti<e la+6. Ehen there is no electric current a<aila2le% +atches or can!les +ay 2e use! an! inserte! through the holes H% as shown in the s etch% alternately. Re)l (e D*< P4tt< %&/6' 7ainting o<er 6utty that has not 2eco+e !ry will cause scaling or crac ing aroun! the e!ges of the 6utty. P8oto P*$"t W -8$"# T ", %&/6' The acco+6anying s etch shows a si+6le for+ of a 6rint washing tan that ti6s fro+ si!e to si!e 2y the weight of the water. *or 6rints I 2y L an! L 2y 7=in. a tan $ ft. long an! 1 ft. wi!e will 2e a2out the right siBe. This tan is then !i<i!e! with a 6artition 6lace! e5actly in the center. This 6artition shoul! e5ten! ' or I in. a2o<e the to6 of the tan . The 6artition +ay also e5ten! 2elow the tan a2out 1=1G$ in.% or a 6iece of this wi!th 6ut on the 2otto+% as shown at ( in the s etch.

Fee6s 7rints .onstantly Mo<ing ( row of holes a2out 1G$ in. in !ia+eter is 2ore! through each en! of the tan % as shown at B. These holes will allow the water to s6ill out while the o66osite si!e is filling. The tan +ay 2e +a!e fro+ 1G$=in. +aterial an! when co+6lete! as shown% line! with oil cloth to +a e it watertight. The tan is 6lace! with the 6artition !irectly un!er a water ta6 an! the flow of water will cause it to ti6 fro+ ti+e to ti+e% ee6ing the 6rints constantly +o<ing a2out in the water. Ho!e7M de Solde*$"# Cl !)- %&/7' Ta e a cotter 6in an! 2en! it o<er a s+all ro! to 2ring the 6oints together% as shown in the s etch. This will +a e a s6ring cla+6 that is o6ene! to sli6 o<er the articles to 2e cla+6e! together 2y inserting a scratch awl or scri2er 2etween the legs at the 2owe! 6ortion. To +a e a +ore 6ositi<e cla+6 2efore 2en!ing the legs to a 2ow% sli6 a short coil of wire o<er the 6in% 6assing it !own to the ring en!. Eire 1G'$ in. in !ia+eter woun! o<er a wire slightly larger in !ia+eter than that of the cotter will !o. In sol!ering% s+o e the legs well to a<oi! sol!er a!hering to the+. The cla+6 is tightene! 2y 6ushing u6 the coil ring towar! the 2ow of the legs an! then twisting it li e a nut% the coil 2eing woun! right=han!e!% so that it will ha<e a screw effect.

A Tele)8o"e E9)e*$!e"t %&/7' If the s+all a66aratus% as shown in the acco+6anying s etch% is attache! to the un!er si!e of an or!inary !ining ta2le% it will% if connecte! to a tele6hone circuit% set the ta2le in <i2ra= tion% so that any nu+2er of 6eo6le who 6ut their ears flat u6on the ta2le will hear the <oice of a 6erson s6ea ing fro+ a !istance% a66arently co+ing out of the ta2le% says the Mo!el #ngineer. ( s+all 6iece of woo!% (% *ig. 1% is cut a2out L in. sJuare% to the center of which is attache! a s+all 6iece of soft iron wire% such as use! for cores

Mechanical Ta2le Tal of in!uction coils% a2out I in. long an! 2ent in the for+ of a hoo at the lower en!% as shown at B. This wire is attache! to the 2loc of woo!% (% as shown in *ig. $. The en! of the wire is sol!ere! to a s+all 2rass 6late which is set in the 2loc so it will 2e le<el or flush with the to6 of the 2loc an! then fastene! with two screws. The 2loc ( is fastene! to the un!er si!e of the ta2le with two screws. ( s+all coil% .% is +a!e 2y win!ing /o. $I sil or cotton co<ere! wire aroun! a s+all tu2e% either a 6iece of glass% a short straw or a Juill. The coil is +a!e ta6ering as shown without using woo! en!s. This coil is sli66e! o<er the wire B 6re<ious to sol!ering it to the s+all 2rass 6late. The en!s of the coil are connecte! to two 2in!ing=6osts which are fastene! to the 2loc (. ( s+all lea! weight weighing $ or ' oB. is hung on the hoo +a!e in the lower en! of the wire B. Ehen all connections are +a!e% as shown in *ig. 1% an! the 2loc fastene! to the un!er si!e of the ta2le% the a66aratus is rea!y for use% an! has only to 2e connecte! to an or!inary tele6hone trans+itter an! 2atteries as shown. The a66aratus will wor to a certain e5tent e<en if the weight is re+o<e!% though not so clear. W 9 Wood S(*e3- %&/7' So+e wor +en use tallow on lag or woo! screws. Try 2eeswa5 for this 6ur6ose. It is +uch cleaner to use an! is 8ust as goo! if not 2etter. Ho3 to Make an I"d4(t$o" Co$l %&/8' ( s+all shoc ing coil% suita2le for +e!ical 6ur6oses% +ay 2e constructe! o0 +aterials foun! in nearly e<ery a+ateur +echanicCs collection of o!!s an! en!s. The core% (% *ig. 1% is a 6iece of roun! soft iron ro! a2out 1GI in. in !ia+eter an! a2out I in. long. ( stri6 of stiff 6a6er a2out 'GI in. wi!e is co<ere! with glue an! wra66e! aroun! one en! of the core% as shown at B% until the !ia+eter is a2out 'G8 in. The 6ortion of the core re+aining unco<ere! is then wra66e! with a 6iece of 6a6er a2out I in. wi!e. /o glue is use! on this 6iece% as it is re+o<e! later to for+ the s6ace% .% after the 6a6er shell% D% has 2een woun! u6on it. This 6a6er shell is +a!e of stiff 6a6er an! glue the sa+e as B an! is +a!e a2out 'G)I in. thic . Two 6ieces of har!woo!% ##% 1='GI in. sJuare an! a2out LG1) in. thic % are !rille! in the center an! glue! on the en!s of the 6a6er shell as shown. The 6ri+ary win!ing consists of I or L layers of /o. 18 or $0 single cotton=co<ere! +agnet wire% the en!s of which +ay 2e 6asse! through s+all holes in the woo!en en!s. If a !rill s+all enough is not a<aila2le% the holes +ay 2e +a!e with a hot nitting nee!le or a 6iece of wire heate! to re!ness. (fter the 6ri+ary coil is woun! it shoul! 2e thoroughly in= sulate! 2efore win!ing the secon!ary. This +ay 2e !one 2y wra66ing with I or L thic nesses of 6a6er. The secon!ary coil shoul! 2e woun! with single co<ere! wire% 6refera2ly sil =co<ere!% although cotton will !o. The +ore turns there are on the secon!ary the higher the <oltage will 2e% so the wire use! +ust 2e fine. /u+2er '$ to ') will gi<e goo! results% the latter gi<ing +ore <oltage 2ut less a+6erage. #ach layer of the secon!ary win!ing shoul! 2e insulate! fro+ the others 2y a 6iece of thin 6araffine! 6a6er wra66e! o<er each layer as it is finishe!.

It is well not to win! to the e5tre+e en!s of the 6a6er insulations% 2ut to lea<e a s6ace of a2out 1G8=in. at each en! of the win!ing to 6re<ent the wires of one layer sli66ing o<er the en!s of the 6araffin

6a6er an! co+ing in contact with the layer 2eneath% thus causing a short circuit. The secon!ary win!ing shoul! ha<e at least a !oBen layers an! shoul! 2e carefully woun! to 6re<ent short circuiting. In or!er to re!uce the strength of the current a 6iece of 2rass tu2ing% *% is 6ushe! into the s6ace% .% surroun!ing the core% or if no 2rass tu2ing of the reJuire! siBe is on han!% roll a 6a6er tu2e% co<er with I or L thic nesses of tinfoil an! then wra6 with +ore 6a6er% using glue to hol! the tinfoil in 6lace an! to ee6 the tu2e fro+ unwin!ing. Ehen the tu2e is 6ushe! all the way in% the current 6ro!uce!

will 2e al+ost unnoticea2le% 2ut when it is with!rawn the current will 2e so strong that a 6erson cannot let go the han!les until the coil is shut off. (fter the secon!ary coil is woun! it shoul! 2e co<ere! with stiff 6a6er% an! the whole coil% inclu!ing the woo! en!s% shoul! then 2e ena+ele! 2lac . It is then rea!y to 2e +ounte! on a woo!en 2ase as shown in *ig. $. The secon!ary ter+inals are connecte! to the 2in!ing=6osts% ((% which +ay 2e fastene! on the 2ase if !esire!. ,ne wire fro+ the 6ri+ary is connecte! with the 2in!ing=6ost% B% an! the other is connecte! with the ar+ature% D% which +ay 2e ta en fro+ an ol! electric 2ell. The contact screw% #% also fro+ an electric 2ell% is connecte! to the 2in!ing=6ost% .. The contact s6ring% *% shoul! 2e 2ent against an! sol!ere! to the ar+ature in or!er to +a e the <i2rations +ore ra6i!. If a false 2otto+ is use! on the 2ase% all the wiring +ay 2e conceale!% which a!!s greatly to the a66earance an! if !esire! a s+all switch +ay 2e a!!e!. The han!les% which +ay 2e ol! 2icycle 6u+6s or electric light car2ons% are connecte! to the 2in!ing=6osts% ((% 2y +eans of wires a2out ' or I ft. long. This coil when o6erating with the tu2e 6ulle! all the way out an! connecte! to a single !ry cell will gi<e a current stronger than +ost 6ersons can stan!. Ho!e7M de To -te* %&/:' #ach outsi!e fra+e of the toaster is +a!e fro+ one 6iece of wire '0 in. long. These are 2ent in a 6erfect sJuare +a ing each si!e 7=in. long. This will allow 1 in. on each en! for tying 2y twisting the en!s together. The first two wires insi!e an! on each si!e of each fra+e are 8 in. long. #ight wires will 2e reJuire! for this 6ur6ose an! as they are 8 in. long 1G$ in. is allowe! on each en! for a 2en! aroun! the outsi!e fra+e% as shown in the s etch. The two +i!!le wires are e5tensions of the han!les. #ach of these wires are +a!e fro+ a 6iece a2out $) in. long an! 2ent in the sha6e of a 1. The en!s of the wire are 2ent aroun! the fra+e in the sa+e +anner

as the other wires. This will lea<e the han!le laying across the other si!e of the fra+e. The fra+e is fastene! to the han!le on this si!e 2y gi<ing the han!le one turn aroun! the fra+e. The insi!e e!ges of the fra+e are now tie! together with a s+all ring of wire which is loose enough to allow each half to swing freely. ==.. D. M. Ho!e7M de S8o(,$"# M (8$"e %&/:' (n or!inary electric 2ell +ay 2e connecte! u6 in such a way as to 6ro!uce the sa+e results as an e56ensi<e

Ine56ensi<e an! #ffectual shoc ing +achine. The connections are +a!e fro+ the 2atteries to the 2ell in the usual +anner. Two other wires are then connecte!% one to the 2in!ing=6ost of the 2ell that is not insulate! fro+ the fra+e an! the other to the a!8usting screw on the +a e an! 2rea contact of the 2ell as shown in the s etch. The other en!s of the wires are connecte! each to a co++on ta2le nife. This will gi<e Juite a goo! shoc an! a +uch larger one can 2e ha! 2y 6lacing one nife in a 2asin of water an! while hol!ing the other nife in one han!% !i66ing the fingers of the other han! in the water. ==.ontri2ute! 2y D. *oster Hall. M 8o# "< Wood P4tt< %&/:' Mi5 <enetian re! with Juite thic ara2ic +uscilage% +a ing it into a 6utty% an! 6ress this well into the crac s of +ahogany 2efore finishing. The 6utty shoul! 2e colore! to suit the finish of the woo!% says the Master 7ainter% 2y a!!ing such !ry color to the gu+ as will gi<e the 2est result. Ho3 to M ,e T8e*!oele(t*$( B tte*< %&20' By (rthur #. Joerin

( no<el way of 6ro!ucing an electric current 2y +eans of hot an! col! water% heat fro+ a +atch or alcohol

Details of Battery la+6% is o2taine! fro+ a !e<ice constructe! as shown in the s etch. Ta e two har!woo! 2oar!s% +ar2le% or slate 6lates% a2out 8 or 10 in. long% 6lace the+ together% as in *ig. 1% an! +ar an! !rill a2out L00 holes. These two 6ieces shoul! 2e se6arate! a2out 8 in. an! fastene! with 2oar!s across the en!s% as shown in *ig. $. Ta e soft co66er wire% not s+aller than /o. 18 gauge% an! cut in lengths to 6ass through the holes in the two 2oar!s% lea<ing sufficient en! to +a e a tie. It will reJuire a2out 70 ft. of wire to fill one=half the nu+2er of holes. (lso% cut the sa+e nu+2er of lengths fro+ the sa+e gauge gal<aniBe!=iron wire to fill the re+aining holes. The wires are 6ut through the holes in the 2oar!s alternately% that is4 2egin with co66er% the ne5t hole with iron% the ne5t co66er% the ne5t iron% an! so on% twisting the en!s together as shown in *ig. '. The connections% when co+6lete% shoul! 2e co66er for the first an! iron for the last wire. Ehen the whole a66aratus is thus strung% the connections% which +ust 2e twiste!% can 2e sol!ere!. .onnect one co66er wire to the 2ell an! the other ter+inal% which +ust 2e an iron wire% to the other 6ost of the 2ell. The a66aratus is then short=circuite!% yet there is no current in the instru+ent until a lighte! +atch% or% 2etter still% the fla+e of an alcohol la+6 is 6lace! at one en! only. Best results are o2taine! 2y 6utting ice or col! water on one si!e an! a fla+e on the other. The e56eri+enter +ay also 6lace the whole a66aratus un!er sin faucets with the hot water turne! on at one ter+inal an! the col! water at the other. The greater the !ifference of te+6erature in the two ter+inals% the +ore current will 2e o2taine!. Very interesting e56eri+ents +ay thus 2e 6erfor+e!% an! these +ay lea! to the sol<ing of the great ther+oelectric 6ro2le+. Ho3 to M ,e H<#*o!ete* %&20'

Mount a wire on a 2oar! which is use! for a 2ase an! shoul! 2e 'G8 2y I 2y 8 in.% as shown in the s etch. ( 6iece of catgut==a string use! on a <iolin will !o==is sus6en!e! fro+ the 2ent en! of the wire. ( han! or 6ointer is cut fro+ a 6iece of tin an! secure! to the catgut string a2out 1G$ in. fro+ the 2ase. ( s+all 6iece of woo! an! so+e glue will fasten the 6ointer to the string. The scale is

Si+6le Hygro+eter +ar e! on a 6iece of car!2oar!% which is fastene! to the 2ase an! 6rotecte! with a 6iece

of glass.=.ontri2ute! 2y J. Thos. Dha+stine. So0te"$"# Le t8e* $" Glo1e- "d Boot- %&20' The leather in high=to6 2oots an! gauntlet glo<es +ay 2e softene! an! +a!e water6roof 2y the use of 6lain +utton tallow. (66ly hot an! ru2 in well with the fingers. Ho3 to M ,e M$--$o" L$.* *< T .le %&2&'

The +ission li2rary ta2le% the !rawings for which are here gi<en% has 2een foun! well 6ro6ortione! an! of 6leasing a66earance. It can 2e +a!e of any of the se<eral furniture woo!s in co++on use% such as selecte!% Juarter=sawe! white oa which will 2e foun! e5ce6tionally 6leasing in the effect 6ro!uce!. If a 6laning +ill is at han! the stoc can 2e or!ere! in such a way as to a<oi! the har! wor of 6laning an! san!6a6ering. ,f course if +ill=6lane! stoc cannot 2e ha!% the following !i+ensions +ust 2e enlarge! slightly to allow for NsJuaring u6 the rough.N *or the to6% or!er 1 6iece 1=1G8 in. thic % 'I in. wi!e an! I) in. long. Ha<e it S=I=S :surface on four si!es; an! NsJuare!N to length. (lso% s6ecify that it 2e san!6a6ere! on the to6 surface% the e!ges an! en!s. *or the shelf% or!er 1 6iece 7G8 in. thic % $$ in. wi!e an! I$ in. long% with the four si!es surface!% sJuare! an! san!6a6ere! the sa+e as for the to6. *or the si!e rails% or!er $ 6ieces 7G8 in. thic % ) in. wi!e an! '7 in. long% S=I=S an! san!e! on one si!e. *or the en! rails% $ 6ieces 7G8 in. thic % ) in. wi!e an! $L in. long. ,ther s6ecifications as for the si!e rails. *or the stretchers% into which the shelf tenons enter% $ 6ieces 1=1G8 in. thic %

This 7icture Is fro+ a 7hotogra6h of the Mission Ta2le Descri2e! '='GI in. wi!e an! $L in. long% surface! an! san!e! on four si!es. *or the slats% 10 6ieces LG88 in. thic % 1=1G$ in. wi!e an! 17 in. long% surface! an! san!e! on four si!es. *or the eys% I 6ieces 'GI in. thic % 1=1GI in. wi!e an! $=7G8 in. long% S=I=S. This wi!th is a little wi!eH it will allow the ey to 2e sha6e! as !esire!. The !rawings o2<iate any necessity for going into !etail in the

!escri6tion. *ig. 1 gi<es an asse+2ly !rawing showing the relation of the 6arts. *ig. $ gi<es the !etail of an en!. The tenons for the si!e rails are lai! off an! the +ortises 6lace! in the 6ost as are those on the en!. .are +ust% 2e ta en% howe<er% not to cut any +ortises on the 6ost% 2elow% as was !one in cutting the stretcher +ortises on the en!s of the ta2le. ( goo! 6lan is to set the 6osts u6right in the 6ositions they are to occu6y relati<e to one another an! +ar with 6encil the a66ro5i+ate 6ositions of the +ortises. The legs can then 2e lai! flat an! the +ortises accurately +ar e! out with a fair !egree of assurance that they will not 2e cut where they are not wante! an! that the legs shall N6airN 6ro6erly when effort is +a!e to asse+2le the 6arts of the ta2le. The ta2le en!s shoul! 2e glue! u6 first an! the glue allowe! to har!en% after which the tenons of the shelf +ay 2e inserte! an! the si!e rails 6lace!. There is a reason for the sha6e% siBe an! location of each tenon or +ortise. *or illustration% the sha6e of the tenon on the to6 rails 6er+its the surface of the rail to e5ten! al+ost flush with the surface of the 6ost at the sa+e ti+e 6er+itting the +ortise in the 6ost to 2e e6t away fro+ that surface. (gain% the sha6e of the en!s of the slats is such that% though they +ay <ary slightly in length% the fitting of the 8oints will not 2e affecte!. .are +ust 2e ta en in cutting the +ortises to ee6 their si!es clean an! shar6 an! to siBe. In +a ing the +ortises for the eye! tenons% the length of +ortise +ust 2e slightly in e5cess of the wi!th of the tenon>a2out 1G8=in. of 6lay to each si!e of each tenon. Eith a shelf of the wi!th s6ecifie! for this ta2le% if such allowance is not +a!e so that the tenons +ay +o<e si!eways% the shrin age woul! s6lit the shelf. In cutting across the en!s of the shelf% 2etween the tenons% lea<e a hole in the waste so that the turning saw or co+6ass saw can 2e inserte!. Saw within one=si5teenth of the line% after which this +argin +ay 2e re+o<e! with chisel an! +allet.

In *ig. ' is shown two <iews of the eye! tenon an! the ey. The +ortise for the ey is to 2e 6lace! in the +i!!le of the tenon. It will 2e note! that this +ortise is lai! out 1=1G1)in. fro+ the shoul!er of the tenon while the stretcher is 1=1G8 in. thic . This is to insure the eyCs 6ulling the shelf tightly against the si!e of the stretcher. Feys +ay 2e +a!e in a <ariety of sha6es. The one shown is si+6le an! structurally goo!. Ehate<er sha6e is use!% the i+6ortant thing to ee6 in +in! is that the siBe of the ey an! the slant of its forwar! surface where it 6asses through the tenon +ust 2e e6t the sa+e as the +ortise +a!e for it in the tenon. The to6 is to 2e fastene! to the rails 2y +eans either of woo!en 2uttons% *ig. I% or s+all angle irons. There are a 2ewil!ering nu+2er of +ission finishes u6on the +ar et. ( <ery satisfactory one is o2taine! 2y a66lying a coat of 2rown *le+ish water stain% !ilute! 2y the a!!ition of water in the 6ro6ortion of $ 6arts water to 1 6art stain. Ehen this has !rie!% san! with nu+2er 00 6a6er% 2eing careful not to Ncut through.N /e5t% a66ly a coat of !ar 2rown fillerH the !irections for !oing this will 2e foun! u6on the can in which the filler is 2ought. ,ne coat usually suffices. Howe<er% if an es6ecially s+ooth surface is !esire! a secon! coat +ay 2e a66lie! in a si+ilar +anner. (fter the filler has har!ene!% a <ery thin coat of shellac is to 2e 6ut on. Ehen this has !rie!% it shoul! 2e san!e! lightly an! then one or two coats of wa5 shoul! 2e 6ro6erly a66lie! an! 6olishe!. Directions for wa5ing are u6on the cans in which the wa5 is 2ought. ( 2eautiful !ull gloss so +uch sought 2y finishers of +o!ern furniture will 2e the result of carefully following these !irections. A H "#e* 0o* T*o4-e*- %&2/' Secure two clothes 6ins of the +etal s6ring in! for the cla+6s of the hanger. The 6ins are fastene! one to each en! of a loo6e! gal<aniBe! wire. This wire shoul! 2e a2out ) in. long after a coil is 2ent in the center as shown in the s etch. The !ia+eter of the wire shoul! 2e a2out 1G8 in.

Ho3 to M ,e " AdF4-t .le Ne# t$1e W -8e* %&2/' The s etch herewith shows a washing 2o5 for negati<es +a!e fro+ an or!inary woo!en 2o5. (s can 2e seen% the groo<e! 6artition% (% is re+o<a2le% an! as se<eral 6laces are 6ro<i!e! for

Eashing Bo5 its insertion% the tan can 2e +a!e to acco++o!ate anyone of se<eral siBes of 6lates% says .a+era .raft. The other stationary 6artition% B% which !oes not reach Juite to the 2otto+ of

the tan % is 6lace! i++e!iately ne5t to the en! of the tan % lea<ing a channel 2etween the two for the inflow of the wash water. ( narrow% thin stri6% .% is fastene! to the 2otto+ of the tan to ee6 the 6lates slightly raise!% at the sa+e ti+e allowing a clearer flow of the water fro+ the 2otto+ u6war!s to the !ischarge. The water enters the narrow 6artition at the en!% flows un!er the 6artitions B an! (% then u6war! 2etween an! 6arallel to the surface of the 6lates% esca6ing at the o66osite en! o<er the to6 of the tan en!% in which the u66er 6art has 2een cut away for that 6ur6ose. The !e6th of this cut% in the u66er 6art of the tan en!% shoul! allow the o<erflow to 2e a trifle higher than the wi!th of the largest siBe 6late for which the tan is fitte!. 7artition B 2eing stationary% can 2e naile! in 6osition 6er+anently% allowing the 2otto+ e!ge to clear the 2otto+ of the tan the !esire! !istance. 7artition ( 2eing +o<a2le shoul! ha<e attache! to its 2otto+ e!ge a cou6le of nails% D% or 2etter still% woo!en 6egs% which will ee6 it also a2o<e the 2otto+ of the tan at the !esire! height. ( coat of 6araffin 6aint shoul! 2e a66lie!% an!% 8ust 2efore it sets 6erfectly har!% any rough s6ots tri++e! !own with a nife or chisel an! a secon! lighter coat a66lie!. If the woo! is <ery !ry an! 6orous a 6reli+inary coat of the 6aint shoul! 2e a66lie! an! allowe! to soa into the 6ores. It is also well to a66ly a coat of the 6aint to the 8oints at the corners an! aroun! the e!ge of the 2otto+ 2efore nailing together. T4*"7Do3" S8el0 0o* S! ll S) (e %&22'

The a<erage a+ateur 6hotogra6her !oes not ha<e <ery +uch s6ace in which to !o his wor . The itchen is the roo+ use! or!inarily for finishing the 6hotogra6hs. In +any instances there will not 2e s6ace enough for any e5tra ta2les% an! so a te+6orary 6lace is 6re= 6are! fro+ 2o5es or a chair on which to 6lace the trays an! che+icals. Shoul! there 2e s6ace enough on one of the walls a shelf can 2e +a!e to hang !own out of the way when not in use. ( shelf constructe! on this or!er +ay 2e of any length to suit the s6ace or of such a length for the 6ur6ose inten!e!. ( hea<y 6iece of woo!% a2out

Turn Down Shelf 1=1G$ in. thic % an! I to ) in. wi!e% is first fastene! to the wall at the 6ro6er height with nails% or% +uch 2etter% large screws. The shelf is cut an! 6lane! s+ooth fro+ a 2oar! 1$=in. wi!e an! a2out 1=in. thic . This 2oar! is fastene! to the 6iece on the wall with two hinges as shown in *ig. 1. ( s+all cleat is naile! to the outer an! un!er e!ge of the 2oar! an! in the +i!!le as shown. This is use! to 6lace a su66ort un!er the outer e!ge of the shelf. The su66ort% (% *ig. $% shoul! 2e long enough to e5ten! !iagonally to the floor or to6 of the 2ase2oar! fro+ the inner e!ge of the cleat when the shelf is u6 in its 6ro6er 6lace. ==0. 0. Ho!e7M de Ele(t*$( B tte*< M -- #e %&22' ( si+6le an! chea6 electric +assage !e<ice can 2e +a!e 2y using three or

#lectric Massage four cells of !ry 2attery connecte! to two or!inary sil<er ta2les6oons% as shown in the s etch. The han!les of the s6oons shoul! 2e insulate! or the o6erator can wear either i! or ru22er glo<es. Ho3 to M ,e T$"t L "te*" Sl$de- %&22' 7urchase so+e lantern sli!e 6lates an! fi5 the+ in hy6o without e56osing% in the usual +anner% sa+e as you woul! an e56ose! 6late% says the Mo<ing 7icture Eorl!. This lea<es a thin% 6erfectly trans6arent e+ulsion fil+ on the glass% which will rea!ily ta e color. Mi5 a rather wea solution of clear aniline !ye of the !esire! color an! !i6 the 6late in it% wi6ing the 6late si!e clean. If not !ar enough% !i6 again an! again until !esire! tint is attaine!% letting it !ry 2etween each !i66ing. ( <ery light 2lue tint sli!e will 2righten a yellow fil+ consi!era2ly% 2ut the tint +ust 2e <ery light% 8ust a 2are tint. A B$(<(le C t ! * " %&25' The acco+6anying 6hotogra6hs show a 2icycle 2oat +a!e to carry two 6ersons.

This .ata+aran .arries Two 7eo6le This 2oat is constructe! 2y using two gal<aniBe! iron tu2es 18 ft. long an! 1$ in. in !ia+eter% ta6ere! at the front en! !own to cast=iron 6oints% an! the rear en! sha6e! to attach ru!!ers. These tu2es are 6lace! $) in. a6art% gi<ing the 2oat an e5tre+e wi!th of L0 in. The cylin!ers su66ort a 6latfor+ an! on the rear en! of this 6latfor+ is constructe! a 6a!!le wheel L$ in. in !ia+eter with 1) s6o es. ,n the en! of each s6o e is fastene! a gal<aniBe! sheet +etal 2la!e ) in. wi!e an! 8 in. long. ( large guar! 6lace! o<er the 6a!!le wheel for+s a seat for one 6erson an! a chair in front on the 6latfor+ 6ro<i!es a 6lace for a secon! 6erson. The 6erson in front hel6s to 6ro6el the 2oat with han! le<ers which are connecte! with ro!s to s6roc et wheels on each si!e of the 6latfor+. The occu6ant of the rear seat contri2utes his 6art of the 6ower with his feet on 6e!als of the shaft that carries the s6roc et wheels. This shaft an! s6roc et wheels !ri<e the 6a!!le wheel 2y si!e chains of the 2icycle in!. The 2oat is steere! fro+ the rear seat 2y ro6es attache! to !ou2le ru!!ers. This 2oat will run at consi!era2le s6ee! an! is <ery stea!y in rough water as it goes !irectly through large wa<es instea! of going o<er the+.==.ontri2ute! 2y #rnest Schoe!sac % .ouncil Bluffs% Iowa.

Ho3 to M ,e

Le d Pe"($l R8eo-t t %&25'

Ta e an or!inary lea! 6encil an! cut se<en notches at eJual inter<als on the 6encil !own to an! aroun! the lea!% lea<ing it 2are. ( se<en=6oint switch is constructe! on a 2oar! of suita2le siBe +a ing the 6oints 2y using screws that will go through the 2oar!. ( s+all 6iece of tin or 2rass will !o for a switch an! is fastene! as shown. The connections are +a!e on the 2ac si!e of the 2oar! as shown 2y the !otte! lines. This will re!uce I0 to L0 <olts !own to L or 10 <olts for short lengths

Si+6le Dheostat of ti+e.==.ontri2ute! 2y Doy /ew2y% San Jose% .al. Ho!e! de S8oe R (, %&26' The acco+6anying s etch e56lains how a 2oy can +a e his own shoe rac that can 2e 6lace! on the wall in

the clothes closet. *igure 1 shows the construction of the 2otto+ to 6er+it the !irt to fall through. Two 2oar!s% & in. wi!e an! a2out ' ft. long% with si5 6artitions 2etween% as shown% will +a e 6oc ets a2out ) in. long. The wi!th of the 6oc ets at the 2otto+ is $ in. an! at the to6 L in.=.ontri2ute! 2y 9uy H. Har<ey% Mill Valley% .al. Ho3 to W te*)*oo0 C "1 - %&26' The +etho! use! 2y the British na<y yar!s for water6roofing an! 6ainting can<as so it will not 2eco+e stiff an! crac e! is as follows4 ,ne ounce of yellow soa6 an! 1G$ 6t. of hot water are +i5e! with e<ery 7 l2. of 6aint to 2e use!. The +i5ture is a6= 6lie! to the can<as with a 2rush. This is allowe! to !ry for two !ays an! then a coat of the sa+e 6aint% without the soa6% is lai! on. Ehen this last coat is !ry the can<as +ay 2e 6ainte! any color !esire!. (fter three !ays of !rying the can<as +ay 2e fol!e! u6 without stic ing together% an! is% of course% water6roof. .an<as water6roofe! in this +anner +a es an e5cellent co<ering for 6orta2le canoes an! can<as 2oats. The color +i5ture for the soa6 an! secon! a66lication is +a!e fro+ 1 l2. of la+62lac an! ) l2. of yellow ocher% 2oth in oilH the finish coat +ay 2e any color !esire!. Ehen no 6aint is

to 2e use! on the can<as it +ay 2e water6roofe! with a +i5ture +a!e fro+ soft soa6 !issol<e! in hot water% an! a solution of iron sul6hate a!!e!. Iron sul6hate% or ferrous sul6hate% is the green <itriol. The <itriol co+2ines with the 6otash of the soa6% an! the iron o5i!e is 6reci6itate! with the fatty aci! as insolu2le iron soa6. This 6reci6itate is then washe!% !rie! an! +i5e! with linsee! oil. B4$ld$"# Ho4-e $" T*ee To) %&26'

The acco+6anying 6hotogra6h shows a s+all house 2uilt in a tree to6 $0 ft. fro+ the groun!. The house is

0ofty Sentry Bo5 for 9uar!ing Eater+elon 7atch L ft. wi!e% L ft. 1 in. long% an! ) ft. ) in. high. ( s+all 6latfor+% $ ft. wi!e% is 2uilt on the front. Three win!ows are 6ro<i!e!% one for each si!e% an! a !oor in front. The entrance is +a!e through a tra6 !oor in the floor of the house. This house was constructe! 2y a 2oy 1I years ol! an! +a!e for the 6ur6ose of watching o<er a +elon 6atch. == .ontri2ute! by Mac Eilson% .olu+2us% ,. Ho3 to M ,e L !) St "d "d S8 de %&27'

( li2rary light stan! of 6leasing !esign an! easy construction is +a!e as follows4 SJuare u6 a 6iece of white oa so that it shall ha<e a wi!th an! thic ness of 1='GI in. with a length of 1' in. SJuare u6 two 6ieces of the sa+e in! of +aterial to the sa+e wi!th an! thic ness% 2ut with a length of 1$ in. each. SJuare u6 two 6ieces to a wi!th an! length of ' in. each with a thic ness of 1=1G8 in. If a 6laning +ill is near% ti+e an! 6atience will 2e sa<e! 2y or!ering one 6iece 1='GI in. sJuare an! I0 in. long% two 6ieces 1=1G8 in. thic an! ' in. sJuare% all 6lane! an! san!6a6ere! on all surfaces. The long 6iece can then 2e cut at ho+e to the lengths s6ecifie! a2o<e. The 1'=in. 6iece is for the u6right an! shoul! ha<e a 1G$=in. hole 2ore! the full length through the center. If the 2it is not long enough to reach entirely through% 2ore fro+ each en!% then use a re!=hot iron to finish. This hole is for the electric wire or gas 6i6e if gas is use!. The two 6ieces for the 2ase are ali e e5ce6t the groo<e of one is cut fro+ the to6 an! of the other fro+ the un!er si!e% as shown. Sha6e the un!er si!es first. This can 2est 2e !one 2y 6lacing the two 6ieces in a <ise% un!er si!es together% an! 2oring two holes with a 1=in. 2it. The center of each hole will 2e $=1G$ in. fro+ either en! an! in the crac 2etween the 6ieces. The 6ieces can then 2e ta en out% lines gauge! on each si!e of each% an! the woo! 2etween the holes re+o<e! with turning saw an! scra6er steel. The wi!th of the groo<es +ust 2e !eter+ine! 2y laying one 6iece u6on the otherH a trysJuare shoul! 2e use! to sJuare the lines across the 6ieces% howe<er% gauge for !e6th% gauging 2oth 6ieces fro+ their to6 surfaces. .hisel out the groo<es an! roun! off the cor= ners as shown in the s etch% using a 'GI=in. ra!ius. These 6arts +ay 2e 6ut together an! fastene! to the u6right 2y +eans of two long screws fro+ the un!er si!e% 6lace! to either si!e of the 1G$=in. hole. This hole +ust 2e continue!

through the 6ieces for+ing the 2ase. The 2races are easiest +a!e 2y ta ing the two 6ieces which were 6lane! to 1=1G8 in. thic an! ' in. sJuare an! !rawing a !iagonal on each. *in! the +i!!le of this !iagonal 2y !rawing the central 6ortion of the other !iagonalH at this 6oint 6lace the s6ur of the 2it an! 2ore a 1=in. hole in each 2loc . Saw the two 2loc s a6art% sawing

Details of .onstruction of 0i2rary 0a+6 Stan! along a !iagonal of each. 7lane the surfaces on the saw cut s+ooth an! san!6a6er the cur<e +a!e 2y the 2it. *asten the 2races in 6lace 2y +eans of roun!hea! 2lue! screws. To +a e a sha!e such as is shown in the illustration is rather !ifficult. The sha!e is +a!e of woo! glue! u6 an! has art glass fitte! in ra22ets cut on the inner e!ges. Such sha!es can 2e 6urchase! rea!y to attach. The s etch shows one +etho! of attaching. *our s+all 6ieces of stra6 iron are 2ent to the sha6e shown an! fastene! to the four si!es of the u6right. #lec= tric glo2es==two% three or four +ay 2e attache! as shown. The in! of woo! finish for the stan! will !e6en! u6on the finish on the woo!en sha!e% if sha!e is 6urchase!. Brown *le+ish is o2taine! 2y first staining the woo! with *le+ish water stain !ilute! 2y the a!!ition of two 6arts water to one 6art stain. Ehen this is !ry% san!6a6er the Nwhis ersN which were raise! 2y the water an! fill with a +e!iu+ !ar filler. Directions will 2e foun! on the filler cans. Ehen the filler has har!ene!% a66ly two coats of wa5. The +etal sha!e as shown in the s etch is a NlayoutN for a co66er or 2rass sha!e of a siBe suita2le for this 6articular la+6. Such sha!es are freJuently +a!e fro+ one 6iece of sheet +etal an! !esigns are 6ierce! in the+ as suggeste! in the Nlayout.N This 6iercing is !one 2y !ri<ing the 6oint of a nail through the +etal fro+ the un!er si!e 2efore the 6arts are sol!ere! or ri<ete! together. If the 6arts are to 2e ri<ete!% enough a!!itional +etal +ust 2e left on the last 6anel to allow for a la6. /o la6 is nee!e! when 8oints are sol!ere!. ( 2etter way% an! one which will 6er+it the use of hea<ier +etal% is to cut each si!e of the sha!e se6arately an! fasten the+ together 2y ri<eting a 6iece of +etal o<er each 8oint. The sha6e of this 6iece can 2e +a!e so as to accentuate the ri<et hea!s an! thus gi<e a 6leasing effect. *or art=glass the +etal 6anels are

The .o+6lete! 0a+6 cut out% the glass is inserte! fro+ the un!er si!e an! hel! in 6lace 2y s+all cli6s sol!ere! to the fra+e of the sha!e. 7leasing effects are o2taine! 2y using one in! of +etal% as 2rass% an! reinforcing an! ri<eting with another +etal% such as co66er.

M#T(0 SH(D# = .onstruction of Sha!e

Ill4!$" t$"#

W t(8 D$ l t N$#8t %&2:'

This 6icture shows a watch hol!er% with a !e<ice to recei<e an or!inary electric 6oc et la+6 an! 2attery. The 2attery is set in a 2rac et un!er which a reflector e5ten!s !ownwar! to throw the light on the !ial of the watch an! to 6rotect the eyes fro+ the !irect light. The entire stan! an! 2rac et are +a!e fro+ sheet +etal. The 2ase is for+e! to +a e a tray to hol! 6ins an! collar 2uttons. It is not necessary to see in the !ar ness for a 6ush 2utton or switch% as in or!inary !e<ices% 2ut a light 6ressure with the 6al+ of the han! will +a e the la+6 glow.

Ho!e7M de P8oto#* )8$( Co)<$"# St "d %&2:' The !ifficulties of 2a! lighting on s+all articles can 2e entirely a<oi!e! 2y the use of a suita2le su66ort for the ca+era% the o28ect an! the 2ac groun!.

Secures 9oo! 0ight on S+all ,28ects *or illustrations it is often an a!<antage to show an o28ect with a 6erfectly 6lain 2ac groun! an! no !ee6 sha!ows. Ehen using the stan! as illustrate! this is a <ery si+6le +atter. *igure 1 shows the si!e% an! *ig. $ the front <iew of this stan!. The stan! is <ery easily constructe! fro+ 6i6e an! 6i6e fittings. The +ain 6i6e of the stan! will nee! to 2e of 6ro6er length to suit the focus of your ca+era. This can 2e !eter+ine! 2y fin!ing the length fro+ the lens to the o28ect after the 2ellows are e5ten!e! to their full length. The ar+s hol!ing the glass% as shown in the s etch% shoul! 2e set at a 6oint a2out the +i!!le of the +ain tu2e. The cross that hol!s the +i!!le ar+s shoul! 2e 'GI in. one way an! 1G$ in. the other. This will allow for a!8ust+ent of the glass ta2le. ( s+all set screw 6ro<i!e! in the 2ac of this cross will hol! the ta2le in any 6osition !esire!. The 6i6es an! other connections are all 1G$=in. an! the lengths of the 6i6es are +a!e suita2le for the siBe of the ca+era. Ehen a s+all o28ect is to 2e 6hotogra6he! it is 6lace! u6on the glass ta2le an! the 2ac groun! fastene! to the 2oar!. In this +anner s+all o28ects can 2e 6hotogra6he! without any !ee6 sha!ow on one si!e. The 2otto+ cross an! ells shoul! 2e cor e! so as to

6re<ent any sli66ing an! !a+age to the floor. Ho!e7M de Po(,et L !) %&2:' ( si+6le an! safe 6oc et la+6 that will last for a2out ) +onths without e5tra e56ense can 2e +a!e at ho+e for a few cents. Ha<e your !ruggist ta e a strong <ial of clear glass% or a 6ill 2ottle with screw or cor to6 an! 6ut into it a 6iece of 6hos6horus a2out the siBe of a 6ea an! fill the 2ottle one=thir! full of 6ure oli<e oil that has 2een heate! for 1L +inutes==2ut not 2oile!. .or tightly an! the result will 2e a lu+inous light in the u66er 6ortion of the 2ottle. If the light 2eco+es !i+% uncor an! recor again. The la+6 will retain its 2rilliancy for a2out ) +onths. This +a es a 6erfectly safe la+6 to carry. These la+6s are use! 2y watch+en of 6ow!er +agaBines. .are shoul! 2e e5ercise! in han!ling the 6hos6horus% as it is <ery 6oisonous. Ho3 to M ,e T "#e"t G l1 "o!ete* %&50'

Secure a 6iece of woo! 1G$ in. thic an! cut out a ring with an outsi!e !ia+eter of 10=1G$ in. an! an insi!e !ia+eter of & in. an! glue to each si!e two other rings 1GI in. thic with the sa+e insi!e !ia+eter as the first ring an! 11 in. outsi!e !ia+eter% thus for+ing a 1GI=in. channel in the circu+ference of the ring. If a lathe is at han! this ring can 2e +a!e fro+ a soli! 6iece an! the channel turne! out. .ut another circular 6iece 11 in. in !ia+eter for a 2ase. Ma e a hole in the center of this 6iece 1 in. wi!e an! )=LG1) in. long% into which the ring first +a!e shoul! fit so that its inner surface is 8ust e<en with the u66er surface of the 2ase2oar!. The ring is hel! u6right in the hole 2y a s+all stri6 screwe! to the 2ase as shown. (ll screws an! 2ra!s that are use! +ust 2e of 2rass. The cutting of these circular 6ieces is not so !ifficult if a 2an! saw !ri<en 2y 6ower is use!. They can 2e cut 2y +eans of a ey=hole saw if a 2an! saw is not accessi2le. Before +ounting the ring on the 2ase% the groo<e shoul! 2e woun! with 8 turns of /o. 1) !ou2le cotton=co<ere! +agnet wire. The two en!s +ay 2e tie! together with a string to hol! the+ te+6orarily. *asten two stri6s of woo! 1GI=in. thic LG8=in. wi!e an! 11 in. long across the si!es of the ring with their u66er e!ges 6assing e5actly through the center of the ring. (n or!inary 6oc et co+6ass% a2out 1=1GI in. in !ia+eter% is fitte! in these stri6s so that the center of the nee!le or 6ointer will 2e e5actly in the center of the ring an! its Bero 6oint +ar at the half=way 6oint 2etween the two stri6s. 7ut the ring in 6lace on the 2ase% as shown in the s etch% an! connect the two en!s of the wire to two 2in!ing=6osts that are 6re<iously attache! to the 2ase. .oat the entire surface with 2rown shellac. (ny !e<iation fro+ the !i+ensions will cause errors in the results o2taine! 2y its use. De+o<e all 6ieces of iron or steel an! es6ecially +agnets in the near <icinity of the instru+ent when in use. 7lace the gal<ano+eter on a le<el ta2le an! turn it until the nee!le% 6ointing north an! south% an! swinging freely% lies e5actly in the 6lane of the coil% as shown in the cut. The nee!le then will 6oint to Bero if the !irections ha<e 2een followe! closely. .onnect one

Tangent 9al<ano+eter

cell of 2attery to the instru+ent an! allow the current to flow through the coils. The nee!le of the co+6ass will 2e !eflecte! to one si!e or the other% an! will finally co+e to rest at a certain angle=let us say IL !eg. The !i+ensions of the instru+ent are such that when the !eflection is IL !eg. the current flowing through the coils u6on the ring is 1G$ a+6ere. The a+6ere is the unit chosen to !esignate the strength of the electric current. *or other angles the <alue of the current +ay 2e foun! fro+ the following ta2le4 (ngles Degrees 10 $0 '0 I0 IL L0 LL )0 70 .urrent (+6eres .088 .18$ .$8& .I$0 .L00 .)00 .71L .8)L 1.'7L

(s the +agnetic force that acts u6on a +agnet nee!le <aries in !ifferent 6laces the <alues gi<en for the current will not 2e true in all 6arts of the country. The ta2le gi<es correct <alues for the i++e!iate <icinity of .hicago an! that 6art of the 1nite! States lying east of .hicago% an! north of the ,hio ri<er. The results gi<en shoul! 2e +ulti6lie! 2y 1.' for 6laces south of the ,hio ri<er an! east of the Mississi66i. Ho!e7M de E7R < I"-t*4!e"t %&5&' Two cylin!ers% ((% are +ounte! on a 2ase% B% an! +irrors% ..% are fitte! at an angle of IL !eg. into these cylin!ers. .orres6on!ing +irrors% ##% are 6ut in the 2ase 6arallel with those in those cylin!ers. (n o6ening e5ten!s !ownwar! fro+ D of each cylin!er so that light entering at one en! of the

Details of O=Day Machine cylin!er is reflecte! !own at right angles 2y the first +irror to the secon!% fro+ the secon! to the thir!% fro+ the thir! to the fourth which reflects the light to the eye. Thus the light ne<er 6asses through the cylin!ers an! the o2ser<er !oes not see through% 2ut aroun! any o28ect inserte! at O 2etween the cylin!ers. Ho3 to M ,e No"7Pol *$A$"# B tte*< %&5&'

Bichro+ate 2atteries are <ery e56ensi<e to +aintain an! !ry cells !o not furnish enough a+6erage for so+e in!s of e56eri+ental wor . ( cell of a 2attery that will run 10 hours with an out6ut of o<er 1 a+6ere can 2e +a!e as follows4 Secure a 8ar a2out I in. in !ia+eter an! 8 in. high an! 6lace in the 2otto+ of this 8ar the lower half of a tin 2a ing 6ow!er can% to which a wire has 2een sol!ere! for connections. 7lace in the can a +i5ture of $ oB. 2lac o5i!e of co66er% 1 oB. 2lac o5i!e of +anganese an! so+e iron filings. 7urchase a s+all crowfoot Binc an! hang it a2out 1 in. a2o<e the half can. 7re6are a 10 6er cent solution of caustic so!a an! fill the 8ar within 1 in. of the to6. 7lace on to6 the so=

lution a thin layer of erosene or 6araffin. The cell will only cost a2out L0 cents to +a e an! $L cents for each renewal. Ehen renewing% always re+o<e the oil with a si6hon. == .ontri2ute! 2y Do2ert .anfiel!% 1ni<ersity 7ar % .olo. A Ho!e7M de B *o!ete* %&5&' Ta e 1GI oB. of 6ul<eriBe! ca+6or% )$ gr. of 6ul<eriBe! nitrate of 6otassiu+% '1 gr. nitrate of a++onia an! !issol<e in $ oB. alcohol. 7ut the solution in a long% slen!er 2ottle% close! at the to6 with a 6iece of 2la!!erC containing a 6inhole to a!+it air% says Metal Eor er. Ehen rain is co+ing the soli! 6articles will ten! gra!ually to +ount% little crystals for+ing in the liJui!% which otherwise re+ains clearH if high win!s are a66roaching the liJui! will 2eco+e as if fer+enting% while a fil+ of soli! 6articles for+s on the surfaceH !uring fair weather the liJui! will re+ain clear an! the soli! 6articles will rest at the 2otto+. Lo(, L4.*$( "t %&5&' ( !oor loc +ay 2e lu2ricate! 2y using so+e lea! scra6e! fro+ the lea! in a 6encil an! 6ut in the loc . This +ay 2e !one 2y 6utting the scra6ings on a 6iece of 6a6er an! 2lowing the+ into the loc through the eyhole. R4-t P*oo0$"# Bolt- %&5&' Ehere 2olts are su28ect to rust% the threa!s shoul! 2e 6ainte! with 6ure white lea!H then they will not rust fast. P $"t$"# Yello3 P$"e %&5&' Ehen 6ainting yellow 6ine e56ose! to the weather a!! a little 6ine tar with the 6ri+ing coat. Re1ol1$"# W8eel 3$t8 Bo t S $l- %&5+'

( no<el win!+ill or re<ol<ing wheel can 2e +a!e 2y 6lacing a light wheel so it will turn freely on the en!

(n 1nusual Ty6e of Ein!+ill of a 6ost% an! 6lacing four s+all sailing 2oats at eJual 6oints on the ri+ of the wheel. It +a es no !ifference which way the win! 2lows% the wheel will re<ol<e in one !irection. In *ig. 1 the !irection of the win! is shown 2y the arrows% an! how the sails catch the win! an! cause the wheel to re<ol<e. *igure $ shows how the wheel will a66ear when co+6lete. This !e<ice +a es an attracti<e a!<ertising sign. A Flo t$"# Ele(t*o! #"et %&5+'

( 6iece of iron 6lace! in a coil of wire carrying a current of electricity 2eco+es an electro+agnet. If such a coil an! iron core 2e +a!e s+all enough they can 2e attache! to a cor an! the cor % floating on a solution% will allow the +agnet to 6oint north an! south. The s etch shows how to +a e such an instru+ent. ( coil of insulate! wire is wra66e! aroun! a s+all iron core% lea<ing a few inches of each en! free for connections. The insulation is re+o<e!

fro+ these en!s an! they are run through a 6iece of cor . (ttach to the wires% on the un!er si!e of the cor % a 6iece of Binc to one en! an! a 6iece of co66er to the other. The cor is then floate! on a solution of aci!% with the Binc an! co66er hanging in the solution. If Binc an! co66er are use!% the solution is +a!e fro+ water an! 2lue <itriol. If Binc an! car2on are use!% the solution is +a!e fro+ sal a++oniac an! water. The float will +o<e a2out on the solution until the +agnet iron will 6oint north an! south. If two of the+ are floating on the sa+e solution% they will +o<e a2out an! finally arrange the+sel<es en! to en! with the coils an! +agnet cores 6ointing north an! south. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. 0loy! #nos. A F$-8 B $t %&5+' ( <ery effecti<e fish 2ait is +a!e 2y inclosing a li<e +innow in a short section of glass tu2e% which is fille! with water an! 2oth en!s close! with cor s. This is use! in 6lace of the s6oon. Ho!e! de A$* T8e*!o!ete* %&5+' The illustration shows the co+6lete ther+o+eter. The water in the glass tu2e is cause! to rise an! fall 2y the e56ansion an! contraction of the air in the tin 2o5. ( 6a6er=fastener 2o5% a2out 1=1GI in.

(ir Ther+o+eter !ee6 an! $ in. in !ia+eter will ser<e <ery well for the 2o5 (. Sol!er in the si!e of the 2o5

1=in. 6iece of 1GI=in. 2rass tu2ing% B% an! then sol!er on the co<er% .% so that the only esca6e for the air is through the 2rass tu2e. Secure a 6iece of 1GI=in. glass tu2ing = not shorter than 18 in.==an! 2en! it as shown at D in the s etch. Hol! the 6art of the tu2e to 2e 2ent in the 2roa! si!e of a gas 8et% an! in a +inute or two the tu2e will 2en! with its own weight. (ny angle can 2e gi<en glass tu2ing in this way. .onnect the glass tu2e to B with a short 6iece of ru22er hose% #. If the hose is not a tight fit% 2in! with a short 6iece of fine co66er wire. The stan!ar!% *% is +a!e fro+ a 6iece of /o. 10 wire a2out 10 in. long. To this stan!ar! sol!er the su66orting wire% 9==/o. 1I wire will !o. ,n one si!e 2en! the wire aroun! the tu2e B% an! on the other aroun! the glass tu2e% D. The 2ase% H% can 2e +a!e of oa % staine! an! <arnishe!. The 2otto+ of the 2o5% (% is co<ere! with la+62lac so as to rea!ily a2sor2 all heat that stri es the surface. The 2lac shoul! not 2e 6ut on until 8ust 2efore you 6aint the su66orts% co<er an! ri+ of the 2o5 with gol! or sil<er 6aint. Hol! the 2otto+ of the 2o5 to 2e 2lac ene! o<er a little 2urning cotton saturate! with tur6entine. The scale on the glass can 2e etche! with hy!rofluoric aci!% or +a!e with a little 2lac 6aint. The water can 2e 6ut in with a +e!icine !ro66er. This instru+ent will +easure the a+ount of heat gi<en 2y a can!le so+e $0 or '0 ft. away. = .ontri2ute! 2y J. Thos. Dha+stine. Ho!e7M de B tte*< Volt!ete* %&5/' Secure a 6iece of 2rass tu2e ' in. long that has a2out 1GI=in. hole. 7ut en!s% (% 1=1GI in. sJuare an! cut fro+ hea<y car!2oar! on this tu2e. Ma e a hole in the center of each car!2oar! 8ust large enough to allow the 2rass tu2e to fit tight. 7ut on two or three layers of stout 6a6er aroun! the 2rass tu2e an! 2etween the car!2oar! en!s. Ein! e<enly a2out $ oB. of /o. $) cotton co<ere! +agnet wire on the 6a6er 2etween the en!s an! lea<e a2out $ in. of wire on each en! e5ten!ing fro+ the coil. 1se a 2oar! 1G$= in. thic % ' in. wi!e an! ) in. long for the 2ase an! fasten the coil to it% as shown in *ig. 1. Bore holes for 2in!ing=6osts% B% one on each si!e of the 2oar!% an! connect the two wires fro+ the coil to the+. (t the other en! of the 2oar! an! in the center !ri<e a wire nail an! attach a s+all s6ring% .% to it. The s6ring shoul! 2e a2out 1 in. long. Ta e a s+all 6iece of soft iron% D% 1G$= in. long an! 8ust large enough to sli6 freely through the 2rass

Battery Volt+eter .onstruction tu2e an! sol!er a 6iece of co66er wire to itH the other en! of the co66er wire 2eing hoo e! to the s6ring% .. The co66er wire +ust 2e 8ust long enough to allow the 6iece of iron% D% to hang 6art way in the en! of the coil an! still hol! the s6ring in 6lace. ( circular 6iece of car!2oar!% #% is sli66e! o<er the s6ring to where the s6ring 8oins the wire. This car!2oar! is to ser<e as the 6ointer. ( 6iece of 6a6er 1=1G$ in. wi!e an! $=1G$ in. long is glue! to the 2oar! so that it will 2e !irectly un!er the car!2oar! 6ointer an! fit snugly u6 against the to6

of the coil. The 6a6er can 2e cali2rate! 2y connecting one cell of 2attery to the 2in!ing=6osts. The iron 6lunger% D% is !rawn into the tu2e an! conseJuently the 6ointer% #% is !rawn nearer to the coil. Ma e a +ar !irectly un!er the 6lace where the 6ointer co+es to rest. (t the 6lace +ar the nu+2er of <olts the cell rea!s when connecte! with a <olt+eter. Do the sa+e with two or three cells an! +ar !own the result on the scale. By !i<i!ing off the s6ace 2etween these +ar s you +ay 2e a2le to o2tain a sur6risingly correct rea!ing when connecte! with the 2attery cells to 2e teste!.==.ontri2ute! 2y #!war! M. Teas!ale% .u2a% /. -. Ho3 to M ,e Fold$"# C "1 - Cot %&52'

(ll the +aterial reJuire! to +a e the cot as shown in *ig. 1 consists of woo! 1=1G$ in. sJuare of which two 6ieces are ) ft. longH two 6ieces $ ft. ' in. longH two 6ieces $=1G$ ft. longH four 6ieces 1=1G$ ft. longH four hingesH so+e sheet +etal an! $=1GI y!. of 8=oB. can<as. Ma e a rectangle of the two long 6ieces an! the two $=ft. '=in. 6ieces of woo! as shown in *ig. $% nailing well the corners together an! reinforcing with a stri6 of sheet +etal as shown in *ig. '. The four 6ieces 1=1G$ ft. long are use! for the legs% an! two of the+ are naile! to one of the 6ieces $=1G$ ft. long% +a ing a su66ort as shown in *ig. L.

Details of .an<as .ot .onstruction Ma e two of these==one for each en!.The hinges are attache! as shown in *ig. L an! the whole su66ort is fastene! 8ust un!er the en! 6ieces of the fra+e 2y hinges. *our 6ieces of sheet +etal are cut as shown in *ig. I an! fastene! to the 2o!y of the fra+e with their lower en!s hoo ing o<er 6ins !ri<en in each leg at the 6ro6er 6lace. The can<as is stretche! as tight as 6ossi2le o<er the two long si!e 6ieces an! fastene! on the outsi!e e!ge of each 6iece with large hea!e! tac s. The legs will fol! u6 as shown 2y the !otte! line an! the cot can 2e store! in a s+all s6ace.==.ontri2ute! 2y D. J. S+ith% Milwau ee% Eis. Ho3 to M ,e S! ll Ge$--le* T4.e %&52'

(t first this woul! see+ to 2e a !ifficult 6iece of wor % yet a goo! an! 2eautiful 9eissler tu2e can 2e +a!e at ho+e in the following +anner4 7rocure a glass tu2e a2out '=1G$ ft. long ha<ing a hole through its center a2out 1G8 or 1GI in. in !ia+eter% a2out 1 in. of /o. '0 6latinu+ wire an! enough +ercury to fill the tu2e an! a s+all 2owl. (2out 1=1G$ l2. of +ercury will 2e sufficient. The first thing to !o is to seal 1G$ in. of 6latinu+ wire in one en! of the tu2e. This is !one 2y hol!ing the en! of the tu2e with the right han! an! ta ing hol! of the tu2e with the left han! a2out I in. fro+ the right han!. Hol! the tu2e in a fla+e of a 2unsen 2urner in such +anner that the fla+e will stri e the tu2e +i!way 2etween the han!s% as shown in *ig. 1% an! ee6 turning the tu2e so as to get an e<en heat. Ehen the glass 2eco+es soft%

.onstruction of 9eissler Tu2e re+o<e the tu2e fro+ the fla+e an! Juic ly !raw it out into a fine threa!. Brea this threa! off a2out 1G8 in. fro+ the long 6art of the tu2e an! the en! will a66ear as shown in *ig. $. Ta e 1G$ in. of the 6latinu+ wire an! sli6 it through the fine hole +a!e 2y 2rea ing the glass threa! so that one=half of the wire will 2e insi!e of the long tu2e. If the en! of the tu2e is now 6lace! in the fla+e of the 2urner% the glass will a!here to the 6latinu+ wire an! the wire will thus 2e seale! in the tu2e. The finishe! en! will a66ear as shown in *ig. '. This tu2e as !escri2e! will 2e 8 in. long% although nearly any siBe coul! 2e +a!e in the sa+e way. Measure 8 in. fro+ the seale! en! an! 6lace the tu2e at that 6oint in the fla+e% hol!ing in the left han!. (t the sa+e ti+e ta e the 6iece of glass that was 2ro en off at the en! in the first o6eration an! hol! it in the fla+e with the right han!. Ehen 2oth the tu2e an! 6iece of glass are soft% touch the soft 6art of the tu2e with the en! of the glass an! !raw the tu2e out into a 6oint li e that shown in *ig. I. Brea off the 6iece of glass% thus lea<ing a. s+all a6erture in the long tu2e. Seal the re+aining 1G$ in. of 6latinu+ in this a6erture in the sa+e +anner as 2efore 2eing careful not to heat the tu2e too su!!enly. The tu2e is now rea!y for filling an! the u66er 6art will a66ear as shown in *ig. L. The air is e56elle! fro+ the tu2e 2y filling with +ercury. This +ay 2e !one 2y +a ing a 6a6er funnel an! 6ouring the +ercury slowly into the tu2e through the funnel. Ehen the tu2e is fille! to within 1G$ in. of the funnel re+o<e the funnel an! ta6 the si!e of the tu2e gently in or!er to re+o<e any s+all air 2u22les that +ay 2e clinging to the si!es of the tu2e. The air 2u22les will rise an! co+e to the to6. The tu2e now +ust 2e fille! co+6letely% e56elling all the air. 7lace a finger o<er the en! of the tu2e to ee6 the +ercury in an! in<ert the tu2e an! set the en! in the 2owl of +ercury. The +ercury in the tu2e will sin until the le<el will 2e at a2out '0 in.% lea<ing 8 in. of <acuu+ at the to6. The ne5t o6eration is to seal the tu2e at the half=way 6oint 2etween the lower 6latinu+ wire an! the +ercury le<el. (s the lower en! of the tu2e +ust 2e e6t at all ti+es in the 2owl of +ercury until the tu2e is seale!% an assistant will 2e necessary for this last o6eration. Ha<e the assistant hol! the tu2e in the +ercury at a slight angle% using care to always ee6 the lower en! in the +ercury% while you hol! the 2urner in the left han! an! allow the fla+e to stri e the tu2e at the state! 6oint. The 6art of the tu2e a2o<e this 6oint will gra!ually 2en! o<er of its own weight as the glass softens. Ehen it reaches the angle of a2out )0 !eg.% *ig. )% ta e hol! of the tu2e with the right han! still ee6ing the fla+e on the tu2e% an! gra!ually !raw the softene! 6ortion out until it se6arates fro+ the +ain tu2e. The tu2e is now finishe! an! when the 6latinu+ wires are attache! to the ter+inals of a s6ar coil a 2eautiful 2lue light will a66ear in the tu2e with a !ar s6ace at the negati<e en! or catho!e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Da<i! (. Feys% Toronto% .an. Loo-e"$"# R4-ted N4t- %&55' /uts that are ruste! fast can often 2e loosene! 2y gi<ing a har! turn in the tightening !irection. Cle "$"# G*e -< Sto1e- %&55'

9reasy sto<es +ay 2e cleane! with a strong solution of lye or so!a. Ho3 to M ,e T ,e7Do3" B (,#*o4"d F* !e %&56'

Many a+ateur 6hotogra6hers who !esire to !o 6ortrait wor at ho+e ha<e left the su28ect alone for the want of a suita2le 2ac groun!. ( fra+e such as is use! 2y the 6rofessional is entirely out of the Juestion in +ost ho+es% says a corres6on!ent of .a+era .raft. The fra+e as shown in the s etch was !e<ise! an! its chief a!<antage lies in the fact that when not in use it can 2e co+6actly tie! together an! store! away in a closet. (l+ost any woo! +ay 2e use! in constructing this fra+e% 2ut yellow 6ine is the 2est% as it is easily o2taine! an! at the sa+e ti+e <ery well suite! for such wor . (ll 6ieces are to 2e !resse! on all si!es. Two u6right 6ieces are cut fro+ 'GI in. +aterial $ in. wi!e an! L ft. & in. long an! two 2loc s are fastene! on the en!s of each that are to 2e use! for the 2otto+% as shown in *ig. 1. These 2loc s are each $ 2y )=in. an! 1GI in. thic . The 2ase is +a!e fro+ a 6iece 'GI in. thic % ' in. wi!e an! L ft. I in. long. ( cross6iece 'GI=in. thic % ' in. wi!e an! 1$ in. long% cut in the sha6e shown in *ig. $% is screwe! on each en! of the 2ase with '=in. woo! screws% as shown in *ig. '. *our 2loc s 1GI in. thic % 1 in. wi!e an! ' in. long are naile! to the si!es of the 2ase 6iece 6arallel with an! at a !istance of $ in. fro+ the en! of sa+e. This for+s a slot% *ig. I% to recei<e the 6ieces naile! to the en!s of the u6rights. To secure a rigi! fra+e it is essential that this% 8oint 2e accurately 6ut together. 7rocure a 6iece of thic tin or 2rass an! +a e two 6ieces li e the 6attern shown in *ig. L% with each 6ro8ection '=in. long. The wi!th of the cross6iece is 1 in. an! the single 6ro8ection 'GI in. These are 2ent an! naile!% one on each en! of a 6iece of woo! that is 1GI in. thic % 1 in. wi!e an! L ft. long% as in *ig. ). These will for+ two 6oc ets that will fit o<er the to6s of the u6rights. The fra+e is 6ut together as shown in *ig. 7. (ny 2ac groun! that will hang straight without nee! of 2eing stretche! can 2e hung on this fra+e.

*I9.) == Details of Bac groun! *ra+e Ho!e7M de >$te Reel %&56' This ite reel is constructe! fro+ two ol! 6ulleys an! a few 6i6e fittings. The large 6ulley is a2out 1I in. in !ia+eter% on the face of which are ri<ete! flat stri6s of iron with e5ten!ing ar+s. These ar+s are reinforce! 2y ri<eting s+aller 6ieces fro+ one to the

,l! 7ulleys an! 7i6e *ittings other% which connects all ar+s together on 2oth si!es of the wheel. Mounte! on the shaft with the 6ulleys is a gui!e for the ite wire or string. The 6hotogra6h shows that this gui!e 6er+its of 2eing +o<e! entirely o<er the to6 of the reel. The s+aller 6ulley is attache! to the shaft an! use! as a 2ra e. The 2ra e is use! only when running out the wire or string% first re+o<ing the cran . Att (8$"# R4""e*- to B$(<(le 0o* W$"te* U-e %&57'

Instea! of storing away your 2icycle for the winter% attach runners an! use it on the ice. The runners can 2e +a!e fro+ 1GI=in. 2y 1=in. iron an! fastene! to the 2icycle fra+e as shown in the s etch. The tire is re+o<e! fro+ the ri+ of the rear wheel an! large screws turne! into the ri+% lea<ing the greater 6art of the screw e5ten!ing. .ut off the hea!s of the screws an! file the+ to a 6oint. The rear runners shoul! 2e set so the ri+ of the wheel will 2e a2out 1G$ in. a2o<e the runner le<el. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. D. Eelsh% Manhattan% Fan.

Bicycle *itte! with Dunners for Snow A P )e* T8 t M ,e- G*ee" P*$"t- %&57' ( coating for or!inary 6a6er that is sai! to gi<e green 6rints is +a!e with a two 6er cent solution of gelatine% says 7hotogra6hy% an! sensitiBe! with the following solution4 7otassiu+ Bichro+ate 1L gr. Magnesiu+ Sul6hate $L gr. Eater 1 oB.

This +i5ture is s6rea! o<er the 6a6er in the usual way an! the 6a6er !rie! in the !ar . 7rinting is carrie! rather far. The 6rint is washe!% then surface !rie! or 2lotte! off on a 6a! an! lai! fil+ u6war!s on a sheet of glass% an! the following !e<elo6er is a66lie! with a wa! of cotton wool wrung out4 7yrocatechin Eater L gr. 1 oB.

The 6icture assu+es a rich green color when !e<elo6e!% an! is then washe! for fi<e or ten +inutes an! !rie! Juic ly 2y heat. Co)$e- M de 0*o! W 9 Mold- .< Ele(t*o7De)o-$t$o" %&57' *ine co6ies of wa5 i+6ressions can 2e +a!e in the following +anner4 7rocure an or!inary tu+2ler an! fill it with a strong solution of sul6hate of co66er% which is +a!e 2y !issol<ing two centsC worth of 2lue <itriol in 1G$ 6t. of water. (fter this is !one +a e a 6orous cell 2y rolling a 6iece of 2rown 6a6er aroun! a stic an! fastening the e!ge with sealing wa5H also% fi5 a 2otto+ to the cell in the sa+e way. Ma e a solution of one 6art of oil of <itriol an! L 6arts of water an! 6our this +i5ture into the 6orous cell. Ein! the en! of a co66er wire aroun! the en! of a 6iece of Binc an! 6lace the Binc in the 6orous cell. (ttach the other en! of the wire to the wa5 i+6ression. The wa5 i+6ression is +a!e 2y 6ouring +elte! 2eeswa5 on the article you wish to re6ro!uce an! re+o<ing after the wa5 gets col!. The wa5 +ol! then shoul! 2e coate! with 2lac lea! an! 6olishe!. This is !one with a ca+elCs hair 2rush. ( fine co6y can 2e +a!e on the wa5 i+6ression after the 2attery has 2een running a2out 1$ hr. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #!war! M. Treas!ale.

Ho3 to M ,e S, t$"# S8oe- %&58' De+o<e the cla+6 6art% as shown in *ig. 1% fro+ an or!inary cla+6 s ate. Drill holes in the to6 6art of the s ate

S ating Shoes for screws. 7urchase a 6air of high shoes with hea<y soles an! fasten the s ates to the soles with screws% as shown in *ig. $. Ehen co+6lete! the s ating shoes will ha<e the a66earance shown on *ig. '. These will +a e as goo! s ating shoes as can 2e 6ur= chase!% an! <ery +uch chea6er. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Eallace .. /ewton% 0eo+inster% Mass.

Ho3 to M ,e

Sel07Sett$"# R ..$t T* ) %&58'

Secure a goo!=siBe! 2o5% say% 1 ft. high% 1=1G$ ft. wi!e% an! ' ft. longH an! to the 2otto+% a2out 10 in. fro+ one en!% fasten a $=in. sJuare 6iece% (% *ig. 1% e5ten!ing the wi!th of the 2o5. 7lace a 10=in. 2oar! slo6ing fro+ the en! of the 2o5 to the cleat (. The swing !oor B% *ig. 1% is +a!e as shown

Self=Setting Tra6 in *ig. $% which re6resents the 2ac si!e of the !oor. Sheet +etal or tin is cut to the 6ro6er siBe an! tac e! aroun! the e!ge of the hole. This 6re<ents the ani+al fro+ gnawing its way out% also 6ro<i!es a way to +a e the hole of !ifferent siBes for sJuirrels or other ani+als. The hole in the !oor shoul! 2e a2out $ in. wi!e an! I in. high for ra22its. The !oor is +a!e to swing freely on two large nails !ri<en through the si!es of the 2o5. The hole in the !oor 2eing only large enough to a!+it a s+all 6ortion of the ra22itCs hea!% the ra22it will 6ush its way through to the 2ait% causing the !oor to swing 2ac an! u6% an! it will close 2y its own weight when the ani+al is insi!e. ( s+all !oor is 6ro<i!e! in the other en! to re+o<e the ani+als caught. The a!<antage of this tra6 is that where one ani+al is caught others are lia2le to follow% an! se<eral ra22its will 2e tra66e! at a ti+e. Then% too% the ra22its are not har+e! in any way as they woul! 2e if caught in an or!inary tra6. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H. *. .hurch% (le5an!ria% Va. Ho3 to M ,e " Ato!$Ae* %&58' Secure a goo!=siBe! test tu2e an! fit it with a cor . Ta e two glass tu2es% with a2out 1G8=in. hole% an! 2en! the+ as shown in the s etch. This is !one 2y heating the+ at the 6ro6er 6oint o<er a gas fla+e until they are soft. Two holes are 2ore! through the cor an! the 2ent tu2es inserte! in the+% as shown in the s etch% so that one of the tu2es will e5ten! nearly to the 2otto+

of the test tu2e an! the other 8ust 6ro8ecting through the cor . The s6ray tu2e +ay 2e +a!e with a fine hole 2y first securing a tu2e longer than necessary an! heating it at the 6ro6er 6oint an! !rawing the tu2e out into a fine threa!. The threa! is 2ro en off at the

6ro6er 6lace to +a e a s+all hole. Ho!e7M de >$t- 0o* t8e C !e* %&5:' If you ha<e a L= 2y 7=in. ca+era an! wish to use so+e I= 2y L=in. 6lates% +a e a few si+6le its to hol! the s+aller 6lates an! fit the larger hol!ers% says .a+era .raft. Ta e two 6ieces of 6aste2oar!% ( an! B% 2lac surface! if 6ossi2le% an! e5actly L 2y 7 in. in siBe. The 6iece ( will for+ the 2ac of the it an! shoul! ha<e an o6ening cut in the center I 2y L in. in siBe. 7aste a 6iece of strong 2lac 6a6er% .% o<er the un!er si!e of it to ee6 the 6late fro+ falling through. .ut an o6ening in the other 6iece% B% 2ut cut it 1GI in. shorter. This o6ening% 2eing 1G8 in. shorter at each en!% will retain the 6late in 6osition an! cut off only that s+all a+ount of 6late surface when the 6late is e56ose! in the

ca+era. .ut a 6iece of thin 2lac cloth% D% 1 in. wi!e an! L in. long. 0ay it !own on a 6iece of news6a6er an! coat one si!e with gu+ or +ucilage. Stan! the two 6ieces of L 2y 7 in. 2lac car!s on en! together so that they will 2e sJuare an! true an! 2in! the other en!s with the stri6 of cloth so as to for+ a hinge. The two car!s for+ a thic ness a2out eJual to a thic glass 6late% an! go in the hol!er in the sa+e way. 0ay one of these its !own against the groun! si!e of the focusing screen an! !raw a line aroun!% insi!e of the o6ening. This will 2e a gui!e as to 8ust what will 2e secure! u6on the s+aller 6late when the its are use!. Ho3 to M ,e M$"$ t4*e St #e %&5:'

( goo! s+ooth 2o5% say 8 in. wi!e% 10 in. high an! 1$ in. long% will ser<e the 6ur6ose for the +ain 6art of this s+all theater. ,ut two rectangular holes% *ig. 1% one in each en! an! e5actly o66osite each other. 7lace a screw eye a2out 1G$ in. fro+ the e!ge on each si!e of these o6enings. *it an a5le in the screw eyes an! fasten a s6ool to the +i!!le of the a5le. ,n one of the two s6ools attach another s+aller s6ool% *ig. $% to 2e use! as a !ri<ing 6ulley. .ut out the front 6art of the 2o5 !own to a le<el with the to6 of the s6ools. .onnect the s6ools with a 2elt +a!e fro+ ta6e a2out 'GI in. wi!e. ,n this 2elt fasten figures cut fro+ hea<y 6a6er an! +a!e in the for+ of 6eo6le% auto+o2iles% trolley cars% horses an! !ogs. ( 6ainte! scenery can 2e +a!e in 2ehin! the +o<a2le ta6e. The front 6art of the 2o5 +ay 2e !ra6e! with curtains% +a ing the a66earance of the or!inary stage% as shown in *ig. '. ( s+all +otor will run the s6ools an! !ri<e the ta6e on which the figures are attache!. == .ontri2ute! 2y Eillia+ M. .rilly% Jr.% .hicago.

A Flo t$"# Co!) -- Needle %&60' Ehen a thoroughly !ry an! clean sewing nee!le is carefully 6lace! on the surface of water the nee!le will float e<en if the !ensity of steel is 7 or 8 ti+es that of water. ( sewing nee!le thus floating u6on water +ay 2e use! as a co+6ass% if it has 6re<iously 2een +agnetiBe!. The nee!le will then 6oint north an! south% an! will +aintain this 6osition if the containing <essel is +o<e! a2outH if the nee!le is !is6lace! 2y force it will return to its 6osition along the +agnetic +eri!ian as soon as the restraint is re+o<e!. Ho!e7M de Do# C *t %&60' The acco+6anying 6hotogra6h shows a 2oy with his N!og+o2ile.N The 6hotogra6h was ta en when they were on a new 6a<e+ent which ha! $ in. of san!

Dog=7ower .art left 2y the 6a<ers an! a gra!e of ) 6er cent. The +achine is nothing +ore than a 2oyCs ru22er= tire! wagon on which are +ounte! a 2o5 for a seat an! a wheel steering !e<ice e5ten!ing a2o<e an! 2elow the 2oar! of the wagon. The front wheels are gui!e! 2y ro6es attache! fro+ each en! of the a5le an! a few turns aroun! the lower en! of the steering ro!. ( 6air of shafts are attache! to the rear% into which the !og is harnesse!. Ho3 to M ,e D*< B tte*< Cell %&60'

Dry 2attery cells are co+6ose! of the sa+e +aterials for the 6oles% 2ut instea! of the liJui! co++only use! a 6aste is for+e! 2y +i5ing sal a++oniac an! other salts with water an! 6ac e! in the cell so it cannot s6ill.

( cell of this in! can easily 2e +a!e% an! to +a e it the 6ro6er siBe a sheet of Binc 8=1G$ in. long an! ) in. wi!e will 2e reJuire!. This Binc is rolle! into a cylin!er $=1G$= in. in !ia+eter. This will allow for a la6 of LG8 in.% which is tightly sol!ere! only on the outsi!e of the sea+. .lose one en! of the cylin!er 2y sol!ering a !is of Binc o<er it% +a ing a

watertight rece6tacle. (ll sol!ering shoul! 2e !one on the outsi!e an! none of the sol!er allowe! to run on the insi!e of the sea+. (ll sea+s on the insi!e shoul! 2e 6ainte! with as6haltu+ in or!er to co<er any 6articles of sol!er. Do not 6aint any surface% only the 8oints. Secure three car2on ro!s 1G$= in. in !ia+eter an! ) in. long which are co66er 6late!. .ar2ons use! in arc la+6s will !o. *ile the ro!s to re+o<e the co66er 6late% lea<ing a2out 1G$=in. of the 6late at one en!. Tie the three ro!s in a close 2un!le with the co66er=6late! en!s together an! +a e a contact with each ro! 2y sol!ering a wire to the 6late! en!s% allowing one en! of the wire to 6ro8ect a2out $ in. for a connection. The 6late! en!s of the car2ons shoul! 2e co<ere! with 6araffin for a2out 1 in. This is !one 2y i++ersing the+ in a !ish of s+o ing hot +elte! 6araffin until the 6ores are thoroughly saturate!. The salts for filling are 1GI l2. Binc o5i!e% 1 l2. sal a++oniac% 'GI l2. 6laster of 6aris% 1GI l2. chlori!e of Binc +i5e! into a 6aste 2y a!!ing 1G$ 6t. of water. *or+ a 1G$=in. layer of 6aste in the 2otto+ of the cylin!er an! 6lace the en!s of the car2on ro!s on this with their 6late! en!s u6. Hol! the ro!s in the center of the cylin!er an! 6ut the 6aste in aroun! the ro!s with a stic . 7ac the 6aste in% closely filling the cylin!er to within 'GI in. of the to6. This s6ace at the to6 is fille! with a +i5ture of 1G$ l2. of rosin an! $ oB. 2eeswa5 +elte! together. This wa5 seals the cell an! 6re<ents any e<a6oration. .onnection is +a!e to the Binc 2y sol!ering a wire to the outsi!e of the cylin!er. Ho3 to P * 00$" W$*e %&6&' The following !escri6tion of how to +a e an a66aratus with which to 6araffin wire as nee!e! +a es clear a +etho! of construction that is si+6le an! easy to 6ut together in a. short ti+e. Secure a 6an to 2e use! for this 6ur6ose onlyH one that will hol! a2out 1 Jt. The !etails of the construction are gi<en in the !iagra+% in which 7 is the 6anH B is a 2ase of 1 in. 6ineH S is the s6ool of wire su66orte! near one en! of the 2ase 2y nailing on stan!ar!s H an! HH * is a s6ool% with narrow flanges% su66orte! near the 2otto+ of the 6an 2y the stan!ar!s T an! T. These +ay 2e +a!e of two short 6ieces of a roller fitte! into the holes 2ore! in the 2aseH ( is a 2loc of l=in. 6ine with a 6iece of leather tac e! on one si!e. *our nails shoul! 2e !ri<en in the 2ase 8ust outsi!e of the e!ge of the 6an to ee6 it fro+ sli!ing off the 6an. Bore a hole in the 2ase 2etween the two s6ools an! 6ass the wire through this hole% un!er the s6ool in the 6araffin% then through a s+all hole in the leather an! a notch in the 2loc (% an! a notch 2etween the 2ase an! the 6an. Tie a string aroun! the wire 2etween the leather an! the 6araffin% +a ing the nots so they will not 6ull through the hole in the leather. This +a es the wire s+ooth% an! 2y +a ing the string tighter or looser you can regulate the thic ness of the 6araffin% says #lectrician an! Mechanic. 7lace the 6an on the sto<eH when the 6araffin is +elte!% 6ull out the wire as nee!e!. To ee6 the 6an fro+ sli!ing 6lace a flatiron or so+e other weight on it.

Ho+e=Ma!e (66aratus for 7araffining Eire U-e- o0 Pe t %&6&' 7eat is use! in 9er+any for 2e!!ing% fo!!er% filter% fuel an! 6ac ing 6ur6oses.

S($e"t$0$( E9)l " t$o" o0

To< %&6+'

In a recent Issue of 7o6ular Mechanics an article on NThe Turning .ar! 7uBBleN was !escri2e! an! illustrate!. ,utsi!e of the scientific si!e in<ol<e! herein I !escri2e a +uch 2etter tric . (2out the ti+e when the e56ression Ns i!ooN first 2egan to 2e use! I in<ente! the following tric an! calle! it NS i!ooN an! NS i!ee%N which create! +uch +erri+ent. 1nless the tric is thoroughly un!erstoo!% for so+e it will turn one way% for others the o66osite way% while for others it will not re<ol<e at all. ,ne 6erson who+ I now recall 2eca+e re! in the face 2y shouting s i!oo an! s i!ee at it% 2ut the thing woul! not +o<e at all% an! he finally% fro+ <e5ation% threw the tric into the fire an! a new one ha! to 2e +a!e. Very few can +a e it turn 2oth ways at will% an! therein is the tric . Ta e a 6iece of har!woo! 'G8=in. sJuare an! a2out & in. long. ,n one of the e!ges cut a series of notches as in!icate! in *ig 1. Then slightly ta6er the en! +ar e! B until it is nicely roun!e! as shown in *ig. $. /e5t +a e an ar+ of a two=ar+ win!+ill such as 2oys +a e. Ma e a hole through the center of this one ar+. #nlarge the hole slightly% enough to allow a co++on 6in to hol! the ar+ to the en! B an! not interfere with the re<ol<ing ar+. Two or three of these ar+s +ay ha<e to 2e +a!e 2efore one is secure! that is of the e5act 6ro6ortions to catch the <i2rations right.

How to .ut the /otches To o6erate the tric % gri6 the stic fir+ly in one han!% an! with the forwar! an! 2ac war! +otion of the other allow the first finger to sli!e along the to6 e!ge% the secon! finger along the si!e an! the thu+2 nail will then <i2rate along the notches% thus +a ing the ar+ re<ol<e in one !irection. To +a e the ar+ re<ol<e in the o66osite !irection== ee6 the han! +o<ing all the ti+e% so the o2ser<er will not !etect the change which the 2an! +a es==allow the first finger to sli!e along the to6% as in the other +o<e+ent% the thu+2 an! secon! finger changing 6laces4 e. g.% in the first +o<e+ent you scratch the notches with the thu+2 nail while the han! is going fro+ the 2o!y% an! in the secon! +o<e+ent you scratch the notches with the nail of the secon! finger when the han! is co+ing towar! the 2o!y% thus 6ro!ucing two !ifferent <i2rations. In or!er to +a e it wor 6erfectly :T; you +ust of course say Ns i!ooN when you 2egin the first +o<e+ent% an! then% no +atter how fast the little ar+ is re<ol<ing when change! to the secon! +o<e+ent% you +ust say Ns i!eeN an! the ar+ will i++e!iately sto6 an! 2egin re<ol<ing in the o66osite !irection. By using the +agic wor!s the little ar+ will o2ey your co++an!s instantly an! your au!ience will 2e +ystifie!. If any of your au!ience 6resu+e to !is6ute% or thin they can !o the sa+e% let the+ try it. -ou will no !ou2t 2e accuse! of 2lowing or !rawing in your 2reath% an! +any other things in or!er to +a e the ar+ o6erate. (t least it is a+using. Try it an! see. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .harles .le+ent Bra!ley% Tole!o% ,hio. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y The foregoing article !escri2ing the NS i!oo=S i!ee Tric N a66eare! in a recent issue of 7o6ular Mechanics. I ha<e 2een tol! that a si+ilar arrange+ent is use! 2y a tri2e of In!ians in the state of Eashington% 2y the Hin!oos in In!ia% an! one frien! tells +e that they were

sol! on the streets of our large cities +any years ago. This toy intereste! +e so +uch that I ha<e +a!e an in<estigation into the causes of its action% an! I thin the results +ay 2e of interest. To o6erate% one en! of the notche! stic is hel! fir+ly in the left han!% while with the right han! a nail or +atch stic is ru22e! along the notche! e!ge% at the sa+e ti+e 6ressing with the thu+2 or finger of the +o<ing han! against the o2liJue face of the stic . The !irection of rotation !e6en!s u6on which face is 6resse!. ( sJuare stic with notches on e!ge is 2est% 2ut the section +ay 2e circular or e<en irregular in sha6e. The e56eri+ents were as follows4 1. ( rectangular stic ha! notches cut on one face. Ehen the 6ressure was a66lie! u6on a face nor+al to the first% no rotation resulte!. If the 6ressure was u6on an e!ge% rotation was o2taine!. $. Irregular s6acing of the notches !i! not interfere with the action. The !e6th of the notches was also uni+6ortant% although it shoul! 2e suite! to the siBe of the nail for 2est results. '. The hole in the re<ol<ing 6iece +ust 2e larger than the 6inH if there is a close fit no rotation is o2taine!. I. The center of gra<ity of the re<ol<ing 6iece +ust lie within the hole. If the hole is not well centere! the tric cannot 2e 6erfor+e!. L. If the stic 2e cla+6e! in a <ise no results are o2taine!H with this e5ce6tion4 if the stic has enough s6ring% an! the en! cla+6e! is far enough away fro+ the notche! 6ortion% the rotation +ay 2e o2taine!. The a2o<e e56eri+ents le! +e to the conclusion that the o6eration of the !e<ice is !e6en!ent u6on a circular +otion of the 6in% an! this was confir+e! 2y the following e56eri+ents. The action is so+ewhat si+ilar to swinging the toy nown as a locust aroun! with a slight circular +otion of the han!% It is necessary to show here that a slight circular +otion is sufficient to 6ro!uce the result an!% secon!ly% that such +otion can 2e 6ro!uce! 2y the gi<en +o<e+ents of the han!s. ). ( 6iece of 2rass ro! was cla+6e! in the chuc of a lathe% an! a !e6ression +a!e in the en! slightly eccentric% 2y +eans of a center 6unch. If the en! of the 6in is inserte! in this !e6ression%

The 0athe #56eri+ent while the han! hol!ing the other en! of the stic is e6t as nearly as 6ossi2le in the a5is of the lathe% rotation of the lathe will 6ro!uce rotation of the re<ol<ing 6iece. S6ee!s 2etween 700 an! 1%100 r. 6. +. ga<e the 2est results. 7. ( tiny +irror was attache! to the en! of the 6in% an! the han! hel! in the sunlight so that a s6ot of sunlight was reflecte! u6on the wall. The notches were then ru22e! in the usual way. The s6ot of light u6on the wall +o<e! in a way which !isclose! two co+6onents of +otion% one circular an! one !ue to the irregular +o<e+ents of the han! hol!ing the stic . 1sually the or2it was too irregular to show a continuous an! close! circular 6ath% 2ut at ti+es the circular +otion 2eca+e <ery 6ronounce!. It was o2ser<e! an! the !irection of rotation correctly state! 2y a +an who was unaware of the source of the +otion. The 6ro!uction of the circular +otion can 2e e56laine! in this way4 Ehen the ru22ing nail co+es to a notch the release of 6ressure sen!s the stic u6war!H this u6war! +otion against the o2liJue 6ressure u6on the :say; right han! si!e gi<es also a lateral co+6onent of +otion towar!s the left. (s the nail stri es the o66osite si!e of the notch the stic is noc e! !own again% this +otion relie<es so+ewhat the o2liJue 6ressure fro+ the right han! si!e% an!% the reaction fro+ the hol!ing :left; han! +o<es the stic to the right slightly% so that it is 2ac in the ol! 6osition for the ne5t u6war! +otion. Thus a circular or

elli6tic +otion is re6eate! for each notch% an! the !irection of this +otion is the sa+e whether the nail 2e ru22e! forwar! or 2ac . *or o2liJue si!e 6ressure fro+ the right :notches assu+e! u6war!;% the +otion of the stic an! hence of the re<ol<ing 6iece will 2e counter= cloc wiseH if the 6ressure is fro+ the left% it will 2e cloc wise. That the +otion of the re<ol<ing 6iece is !ue to a swinging action% an! not to friction of the 6in in the hole% is 6ro<e! 2y e56eri+ents ' an! I. ==.ontri2ute! 2y M. 9. 0loy!% 7h.D.% Eashington% D. .. Ho!e7M de L "te*" %&6/'

T$" C " L "te*" The acco+6anying 6icture shows a lantern which can 2e +a!e al+ost anywhere for i++e!iate use. (ll that is nee!e! is an e+6ty to+ato or coffee can% a 6iece of wire an! a can!le. Ma e a hole a little s+aller than the !ia+eter of a can!le an! a2out one=thir! of the way fro+ the close! en! of the can% as shown. ( wire is tie! aroun! the can% for+ing a han!le for carrying. This in! of lantern can 2e carrie! against al+ost any win! an! the light will not 2e 2lown out. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9. (. Sloan% Duluth% Minn. A St4d< o0 S)l -8e- %&62' Ehen a rough% or greasy% or !usty s6here falls into a liJui!% the liJui! is force! away fro+ the s6here. If the s6here is Juite s+ooth the liJui! rises u6 aroun! an! enclosing it in a sheath says Fnowle!ge an! Scientific /ews. De6ro!uce! herewith are a series of 6hotogra6hs showing successi<e stages in the entry of a rough s6here into +il an! water% an! the resultant N2as et s6lash.N The !ia+eter of this s6here was a2out 'GL in.% an! the height of the fall a2out ) in. #5a+ination of the 6hotogra6hs shows that the liJui!% instea! of flowing o<er an! wetting the surface of the s6here% is !ri<en <iolently away% so far as can 2e seen fro+ the 6hotogra6hs% the u66er 6ortion is% at first% unwette! 2y the liJui!. The gra!ual thic ening of the crater wall an! the corres6on!ing re!uction in the nu+2er of its lo2es as the su2si!ence 6rocee!s is 2eautifully shown. Thereafter there rises fro+ the !e6th of the crater an e5Juisite 8et which in o2e!ience to the law of seg+entation at once s6lits u6 in its u66er 6ortion into little !ro6s% while at the sa+e ti+e it gathers <olu+e fro+ 2elow an! rises ulti+ately as a tall% graceful colu+n to a height which +ay 2e e<en greater than that fro+ which the s6here fell.

S6lashes fro+ a S6here In Mil an! Eater

Ho3 to M ,e

St$(, P$" %&62'

( fine stic 6in or 2utton can 2e +a!e fro+ a new one=cent 6iece. .arefully file out all the +etal aroun! the In!ian hea! an! slightly roun! the e!ges. Sol!er a 6in to the 2ac of the hea! when it is to 2e use! for a stic 6in. If a collar 2utton 2ase is sol!ere! to the 2ac of the hea! instea! of the 6in it can 2e use! for a 2utton. These can 2e gol! 6late! 2y a 8eweler an! then you will ha<e a neat 6in or 2utton% or a goo! e+2le+ for the ,r!er of De!+en.

Ho3 to M ,e

M$"$ t4*e Ele(t*$( Lo(o!ot$1e %&65'

( +iniature electric railway is a thing that attracts the attention of al+ost any 6erson. The cost of a toy electric loco+oti<e is 2eyon! the reach of +any 2oys who coul! 8ust as well +a e such a toy without +uch e56ense an! 2e 6rou! to say they N2uilt it the+sel<es.N The electric loco+oti<e !escri2e! herewith uses for its 6ower a s+all 2attery +otor costing a2out K1. The first thing to !o is to +a e the wheels an! a5les. If one has no

The Different 7arts for Ma ing the #lectric 0oco+oti<e lathe% the wheels can 2e turne! at so+e +achine sho6. *our wheels are +a!e fro+ a roun! 2ar of +etal% as shown in *ig. 1. #ach wheel is 1GI in. thic an! 1 in. in !ia+eter% with a 1G1)=in. flange an! a 1GI=in. hole !rille! in the center. #ach 6air of wheels is fitte! on a 1GI=in. a5le% a2out $=LG8 in. long. ,ne of the a5les shoul! 2e fitte! with a groo<e! 2elt wheel% as shown. Ma e the fra+e fro+ three 6ieces of hea<y

2rass% as shown in *ig. $. The first 6iece% or +ain 6art of the fra+e% is +a!e fro+ 2rass% 'GI in. wi!e an! 1) in. long% 2ent into an o2long sha6e an! the en!s sol!ere! or 2olte! together. If the en!s are to 2e sol!ere!% 2efore !oing so !rill four 1GI=in. holes 1 in. fro+ the en!s an! insert the en!s of the a5les. The other two 6ieces are 1G$=in. wi!e an! of the !i+ensions shown in the s etch. These 6ieces are ri<ete! in the +i!!le of the o2long fra+e% each in its 6ro6er 6lace. The +otor is now 2olte!% 2otto+ si!e u6% to the to6 of the 6iece fastene! to the fra+e lengthwise. ( trolley% *ig. '% is +a!e fro+ a 6iece of cloc s6ring% 2ent as shown% an! a s+all 6iece of tin sol!ere! to the to6 en! for a 2rush connection. ( groo<e is +a!e in the tin to ee6 the trolley wire in 6lace. The trolley wire is fastene! to su66orts +a!e of woo! an! of the !i+ensions gi<en in *ig. I. The trolley shoul! 2e well insulate! fro+ the fra+e. The 6arts% 6ut together co+6lete% are shown in *ig. L. Dun a 2elt fro+ the 6ulley on the +otor to the groo<e! wheel on the a5le% as shown in *ig. )% an! the loco+oti<e is rea!y for running. In +a ing the connections the tra<el of the loco+oti<e +ay 2e +a!e +ore co+6licate! 2y 6lacing a rheostat an! controlling switches in the line% so that the engine can 2e starte! an! sto66e! at will fro+ a !istance an! the s6ee! regulate!. (uto+atic switches can 2e attache! at the en!s of the line to 2rea the circuit when the loco+oti<e 6asses a certain 6oint. ,ne connection fro+ the 2atteries is +a!e to the trolley wire an! the other to a rail. The connection for the +otor runs fro+ one 2in!ing 6ost to the trolley an! this connection +ust 2e well insulate! to a<oi! a short=circuit. The other 2in!ing=6ost is connecte! to the fra+e. The cost of +a ing the wheels an! 6urchasing the trac will not 2e o<er K1.L0. The trac can 2e +a!e fro+ stri6s of tin 6ut in a saw cut +a!e in 6ieces of woo! use! for ties. This will sa<e 2uying a trac . ==.ontri2ute! 2y Maurice #. *uller% San (ntonio% Te5as. De! #"et$A$"# W t(8 %&66'

( test can 2e +a!e to now if your watch is +agnetiBe! 2y 6lacing a s+all co+6ass on the si!e of the watch nearest the esca6e+ent wheel if the co+6ass 6ointer +o<es with the esca6e+ent wheel the watch is +agnetiBe!. ( +agnetiBe! watch +ust 2e 6lace! in a

Eatch De+agnetiBer coil that has an alternating current of electricity flowing through it to re+o<e the +agnetis+. ( !e+agnetiBer can 2e +a!e as shown in the illustration. Two en! 6ieces for the coil are +a!e as shown in *ig. 1 fro+ 1GI=in. woo!. These en!s are fastene! together% *ig. $% with car!2oar! ' in. long glue! to the insi!e e!ges of the holes cut in the+. Ein! u6on the s6ool thus for+e! a2out $ l2. of /o. 1) cotton=co<ere! co66er wire. (s it will 2e necessary to 6lace a 1)=c6. la+6 in series with the coil% 2oth the coil an! la+6 can 2e +ounte! on a suita2le 2ase an! connecte! as shown in *ig. '. The current% which +ust 2e 110 <olt alternating current% is turne! on the la+6 an! coil an! the +agnetiBe! watch

slowly !rawn through the o6ening in the center of the coil. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (rthur 0ie2en2erg% .incinnati% ,. Ho3 to M ,e Po(,et S, te S8 *)e"e* R1))S

Secure a sJuare file an! 2rea off a 6iece% *ig 1% the length of a 6a6er cli6% *ig. $. Draw the te+6er in the en!s of this 6iece of file% 2ut !o not heat the center. This can 2e !one 2y wra66ing a wet 6iece of cloth or as2estos aroun! the +i!!le an! hol!ing it in the 8aws of a 6air of tongs which will only lea<e the en! unco<ere! an! 6ro8ecting fro+ the tongs a2out 1G$ in. Hol! this 6ro8ecting en! in a fla+e of a 6lu+2erCs torch until it is a !ull re!. (llow this to cool slowly while in the tongs. Ehen col! treat the other en! in the sa+e way. This will !raw the te+6er in only the en!s which are file!% as shown in *ig. 1% an! holes !rille! in the+. (lso !rill a hole in each en! of the s6ring on the 6a6er cli6 to +atch those !rille! in the 6iece of file. *asten the file in the cli6 with s+all 2olts% as shown in *ig. '. Ehen the file gets fille! with filings it can 2e re+o<e! an! cleane!. 7lace the runner of the s ate in the cli6 an! hol! flat on the surface of the runner. If the 6iece of file is fitte! to the sa+e wi!th as the s ate runner the si!es of the 6a6er cli6 will hol! the file le<el with the surface of the runner without any trou2le. 7ush the cli6 2ac an! forth until the s ate is shar6ene!.

Shar6ener for S ates Old7T$!e M #$( %&67' T*$(, 3$t8 Co$" $" W$"e Gl -- %&67'

The acco+6anying s etch shows a. tric of re+o<ing a !i+e fro+ the 2otto+ of an ol! = fashione! wine glass without touching the coin. The !i+e is first 6lace! in the 2otto+ of the glass an! then a sil<er Juarter !ro66e! in on to6. The Juarter will not go all the way !own. Blow har! into the glass in the 6osition shown an! the !i+e will fly out an! stri e the 2lower on the nose.

U"t<$"#7 7>"ot T*$(, %&67' Tie a !ou2le not in a sil han! erchief% as shown in the acco+6anying s etch an! tighten the last tie a little 2y slightly !rawing the two u66er en!sH then continue to tighten +uch +ore% 6ulling <igorously at the first corner of the han! erchief% an! as this en!

2elongs to the sa+e corner it cannot 2e 6ulle! +uch without loosening the twiste! line of the not to 2eco+e a straight line. The other corner for+s a sli6 not on the en!% which can 2e !rawn out without !istur2ing the for+% or a66arent security of the not% at the +o+ent when you co<er the not with the unuse! 6art of the han! erchief. Ehen the tric is to 2e 6erfor+e!% tie two or three <ery har! nots that are tightly !rawn an! show your au!ience that they are not easy to untie. The sli6 not as !escri2e! then +ust 2e +a!e in a66arently the sa+e way

an! untie! with the thu+2 while the not is in the fol!s of the han! erchief. Ge *7C4tt$"# Att (8!e"t 0o* S! ll L t8e- %&67' Ehen in nee! of s+all gears for e56eri+ental or +o!el +achines the a+ateur usually 6urchases the+% ne<er thin ing that he coul! +a e the+ on his own lathe. ( s+all attach+ent can 2e +a!e to fasten in the tool 6ost of a lathe an! the attach+ent +a!e to ta e a +an!rel on which to 6lace the 2lan for cutting a gear. The fra+e is +a!e fro+ a 1G$ in. sJuare iron 2ent as shown in the s etch with the

9ear=.utting (ttach+ent for 0athes 6ro8ecting en! file! to fit the tool 6ost of the lathe. ( 6air of centers are fitte!% one of which shoul! ha<e a screw threa! an! loc nut for a!8ust+ent in 6utting in an! re+o<ing the +an!rel. (ll the ol! cloc wheels that can 2e foun! shoul! 2e sa<e! an! use! for in!e5 wheels. (ll of these wheels shoul! 2e fitte! to one en! of the +an!rel. The 2lan wheel is 6ut on the outer en! of the +an!rel an! a cloc wheel ha<ing the nu+2er of teeth !esire! 6lace! on the other en!. Ehen the +an!rel is 6ut in 2etween the centers a s+all 6awl is fastene! with a screw to the fra+e with its u66er en! engaging in a tooth of the cloc wheel. ,ne cloc wheel will in!e5 +ore than one nu+2er of teeth on a 2lan wheel. *or instance4 if the cloc wheel has 18 teeth it can 2e +a!e to in!e5 )% & or 18 teeth to the 2lan 2y +o<ing the nu+2er of teeth each ti+e '% $ an! 1 res6ecti<ely. In the s etch% ( shows the en! of the cutter an! B the si!e an! the sha6e of the cutting tool. Ehen the cutter (% which is in a +an!rel 6lace! in the centers of the lathe% has finishe! a cut for a tooth% the 6awl is !isengage! an! the +an!rel turne! to another tooth in the cloc wheel. In or!er to get the !esire! height it is so+eti+es necessary to 2loc u6 the lathe hea! an! the final !e6th of the tooth a!8uste! 2y the two screws in the 6ro8ecting en! of the fra+e which rests on the roc er in the tool 6ost. Shoul! too +uch s6ring occur when cutting iron gears the fra+e can 2e +a!e rigi! 2y 2loc ing u6 the s6ace 2etween it an! the lathe 2e!. The cutter +an!rel is 6lace! in the centers of the lathe% or shoul! the lathe hea! 2e raise!% a short +an!rel with the cutter near the en! can 2e 6lace! in a chuc % an! a!8uste!

to run true. The fra+e hol!ing the +an!rel% gear 2lan an! cloc wheel is inserte! in the tool 6ost of the lathe an! a!8uste! for !e6th of the cutter. The lathe is starte! an! the gear 2lan fe! on the cutter slowly until the tooth is cut. The 6awl is release! an! the +an!rel turne! to the 6ro6er nu+2er of teeth an! the o6eration re6eate!. In this +anner gears ' in. in !ia+eter can 2e +a!e on a )=in. swing lathe. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Sa+uel .. Bun er% Broo lyn% /. -. W$*e Te*!$" l- 0o* B tte*< Co""e(t$o"- %&68'

.otter 7in Eire Ter+inal. 9oo! connections on the en! of wires for 2atteries can 2e +a!e fro+ cotter 6ins% *ig. 1% a2out 1=1G$ in. long. #ach en! of the wire is 6ut through the eye of a cotter 6in% twiste! aroun! itself an! sol!ere!. The connection an! eye are then co<ere! with ta6e as shown in *ig. $. Ehen connecting to 2atteries% s6rea! the 6in an! 6ush the 6arts un!er the nut with one 6art on each si!e of the 2in!ing=6ost. Ehen the nuts are tightene! the connection will 2e 2etter than with the 2are wire. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Howar! S. Bott. S$!)le A*t- "d C* 0t- Le t8e* Wo*, %&68' Very interesting an! useful 6ieces of leather wor can 2e !one with nothing +ore for eJui6+ent than a cu6 6ointe! nail set such as car6enter use% an! a nut 6ic . The acco+6anying illustrations show so+e of the things that can 2e +a!e. Beginning at the left an! rea!ing to the right they are4 =.ase for court=6laster% coin 6urse% la!yCs car! case% eye glass cleaner or 6en wi6er :has cha+ois s in within;. Secon! row4 =Two 2oo +ar s% note 2oo % 2lotter 2ac % 2oo +ar . Thir! row4 =7in 2all :has sa!!lerCs felt 2etween the two leather !is s;% tea cosey% gentle+anCs car! case or 2ill 2oo . *ourth row4 =/ee!le or 6in case% tea cosey% la!yCs 2elt 2ag% watch fo2 rea!y for fastenings. 7rocure a 6iece of Dussian calf +o!eling leather. :1.; Ma e on 6a6er the !esign wante!. :$.; Moisten the 2ac si!e of the leather with s6onge or cloth with as +uch water as it will ta e yet not show through on the face si!e. :'.; 7lace the leather on so+e har! non= a2sor2ent +aterial% such as 2rass or +ar2le. :I.; 7lace the 6a6er !esign on the leather an!% hol!ing it in 6lace with the left han!% trace the outline% of the o28ect an! the !ecorati<e !esign with the nut 6ic so as to +a e a V=sha6e! groo<e in the leather. :L.; Ta e the 6a6er off an! wor ing on the leather !irectly +a e the groo<es !ee6er. :).; Eith the cu6=6ointe! nail set sta+6 the 2ac groun! 6ro+iscuously. This is !one 2y +a ing an effort to hol! the 6oint of the set a2out 1GI in. a2o<e the surface% at the sa+e ti+e stri ing light% ra6i! 2lows on the to6 with a ha++er or +allet. Eith such o28ects as coin 6urses an! car! cases% a sewing +achine will 2e nee!e! to fasten the 6arts together. (n or!inary +achine will !o. *reJuently the 6arts are fastene! 2y 6unch= ing holes an! lacing through these with leather thongs or sil cor!. In +a ing sy++etrical !esigns such as are here shown% !raw center lines across the reJuire! s6ace% !i<i!ing it into as +any 6arts as !esire!. Ma e free=han! one Juarter of the !esign% if four 6arts are to 2e ali e% or one=half of the !esign% if 2ut two 6arts. *ol! o<er along these center lines. 7ut a 6iece of !ou2le=surface! car2on 6a6er 2etween the 6arts an! trace o<er the !esign alrea!y !rawn. This Eor Is Done with a /ail Set an! /ut 7ic

Ho3 to M ,e

S$!)le St$ll %&70'

( still to !istill water can 2e +a!e fro+ a test tu2e% so+e hea<y ru22er hose% an! an or!inary 2ottle. Secure

Distilling Eater a sto66er for the test tu2e% an! 2ore a hole through the center% into which fit a s+all 6iece of tu2e. The 2ottle is also fitte! with a sto66er containing a 6iece of tu2e% an! 2oth 2ottle an! test tu2e connecte! with a ru22er tu2e. The test tu2e is 6artly fille! with water an! su66orte! or hel! o<er an alcohol la+6. The 2ottle shoul! stan! in a 2asin of col! water. Ehen the water in the test tu2e 2egins to 2oil the stea+ 6asses o<er to the 2ottle% where it con!enses. The 2asin shoul! 2e su66lie! with col! water as fast as it 2egins to get war+. The ru22er tu2e will not stan! the heat <ery long an! if the still is to 2e use! se<eral ti+es% a +etal tu2e shoul! 2e su66lie! to connect the test tu2e an! 2ottle. Ho!e! de M *$"e*;- Co!) -- %&70' MagnetiBe an or!inary nitting nee!le% (% an! 6ush it through a cor % B% an! 6lace the cor e5actly in the +i!!le of the nee!le. Thrust a 6in% .% through the cor at right angles to the nee!le an! stic two shar6ene! +atches in the si!es of the cor so that they will 6ro8ect !ownwar! as shown. The whole arrange+ent is 2alance! on a thi+2le with 2alls of wa5 stuc on the hea!s of the +atches. If the nee!le is not horiBontal% 6ull it through the cor to one si!e or the other% or change

MagnetiBe! /ee!le De<ol<ing on a 7in the wa5 2alls. The whole !e<ice is 6lace! in a glass 2erry !ish an! co<ere! with a 6ane of glass. B*$#8te" W8$te P $"t %&70' (!! alu+inu+ 2ronBe to a white or light 6aint that is to 2e use! for lettering on a !ar groun!. @4 *tA Ele(t*ode- U-ed $" Re(e$1$"# W$*ele-- Me-- #e- %&70' Z

Details of the Decei<ing Instru+ent Eireless +essages ha<e 2een recei<e! at Eashington% D..., fro+ Fey Eest% *lori!a% a !istance of &00 +iles% through a recei<ing instru+ent in which two 6ieces of JuartB of !ifferent co+6osition were use! on the electro!es. In +a ing an instru+ent of this in! the JuartB can 2e 6urchase! fro+ a !ealer in +inerals. ,ne 6iece +ust contain co66er 6yrites an! the other Bincites. The electro!es are +a!e

cu66ing to hol! the +inerals an! each shoul! ha<e a screw a!8ust+ent to 6ress the 6ieces of JuartB in contact with each other. .onnect as shown in the illustration% using a high resistance recei<er. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #!win 0. 7owell% Eashington% D. .. Ho3 to M ,e By .arl Bates Gl$de* %&7&'

( gli!ing +achine is a +otorless aero6lane% or flying=+achine% 6ro6elle! 2y gra<ity an! !esigne! to carry a 6assenger through the air fro+ a high 6oint to a lower 6oint so+e !istance away. *lying in a gli!er is si+6ly coasting !own hill on the air% an! is the +ost interesting an! e5citing s6ort i+agina2le. The style of gli!er !escri2e! in this article is nown as the Ntwo=surfaceN or N!ou2le=!ec e!N aero6lane% an! is co+6ose! of two arche! cloth surfaces 6lace! one a2o<e the other. In 2uil!ing a gli!er the woo! +aterial use! shoul! 2e straight=graine! s6ruce% free fro+ nots. *irst 6re6are fro+ s6ruce 6lan s the following stri6s of woo!. *our long 2ea+s 'GI in. thic % 1=1GI in. wi!e an! $0 ft. longH 1$ cross6ieces 'GI in. thic % 'GI in. wi!e an! ' ft. longH 1$ u6rights 1G$ in. thic % 1=1G$ in. wi!e an! I ft longH I1 stri6s for the 2ent ri2s 'G1) in. thic % 1G$= in. wi!e an! I ft. longH $ ar+ stic s 1 in. thic % $ in. wi!e an! ' ft. longH the ru!!er stic s 'GI in. sJuare an! 8 ft longH se<eral stri6s 1G$ in. 2y 'GI in. for 2uil!ing the <ertical an! horiBontal ru!!ers. The fra+es for the two +ain surfaces shoul! 2e constructe! first% 2y 2olting the cross6ieces to the long 2ea+s at the 6laces shown 2y the !i+ensions in *ig. 1. If $0=ft. lu+2er cannot 2e 6rocure!% use 10=ft. lengths an! s6lice the+% as shown in *ig. '. (ll 2olts use! shoul! 2e 1G8 in. in !ia+eter an! fitte! with washers on 2oth en!s. These fra+es for+e! 2y the cross6ieces shoul! 2e 2race! 2y !iagonal wires as shown. (ll wiring is !one with /o. 1) 6iano wire. The I1 ri2s +ay 2e naile! to the +ain fra+es on the u66er si!e 2y using fine flat= hea!e! 2ra!s 7G8 in. long. These ri2s are s6ace! 1 ft. a6art an! e5ten! 1 ft. 2eyon! the rear e!ges of the +ain fra+es% as shown in *ig. 1. (fter nailing one en! of a ri2 to the front long 2ea+% the ri2 is arche! 2y s6ringing !own the loose en! an! nailing to the rear 2ea+. The ri2s shoul! ha<e a cur<e as shown in *ig. $% the a+ount of cur<ature 2eing the sa+e in all the ri2s. The fra+es of the +ain surfaces are now rea!y to 2e co<ere! with cloth. .a+2ric or 2leache! +uslin shoul! 2e use! for the co<ering% which is tac e! to the front e!ge% stretche! tightly o<er the 2ent ri2s an! fastene! securely with tac s to the rear en!s of the ri2s. The cloth shoul! also 2e glue! to the ri2s for safety. In the center of the lower 6lane surface there shoul! 2e an o6ening $ ft. wi!e an! I ft. long for the 2o!y of the o6erator. 7lace the two +ain surfaces I ft. a6art an! connect with the 1$ u6rights% 6lace! in the corner of each cross6iece an! 2ea+. The u6rights are fastene! 2y 2olting to the cross6ieces% as shown in *ig. $. The whole structure is +a!e strong an! rigi! 2y 2racing with !iagonal wires% 2oth laterally an! longitu!inally. The <ertical ru!!er is to ee6 the +achine hea!e! into the win! an! is not +o<a2le. This ru!!er is +a!e of cloth stretche! o<er a light woo!en fra+e% which is naile! to the ru!!er stic s connecting to the +ain fra+e. The horiBontal ru!!er is also +a!e of cloth stretche! o<er a light woo!en fra+e% an! arrange! to intersect the <ertical ru!!er at its center. This ru!!er is hel! in 6osition an! strengthene! 2y !iagonal wires an! guy wires. The horiBontal ru!!er is also i++o<a2le an! its function is to 6re<ent the +achine fro+ !i<ing% an! also to ee6 it stea!y in its flight. The ru!!ers are fastene! to the gli!er 2y the two ru!!er stic s% an! these stic s are hel! rigi! 2y !iagonal wire an! also 2y guy wires lea!ing to the si!es of the +ain fra+es as shown in *ig. 1. The two ar+ stic s shoul! 2e s6ace! a2out 1' in. a6art an! 2olte! to the long 2ea+s in the center of the o6ening in the lower 6lane where the o6erator is to ta e his 6osition. The gli!er shoul! 2e e5a+ine! to see that the fra+e is not war6e! or twiste!. The surfaces +ust 2e true or the +achine will 2e har! to 2alance when in flight. To +a e a gli!e% ta e the gli!er to the to6 of a hill% get in 2etween the ar+ stic s an! lift the +achine u6 until the ar+ stic s are un!er the ar+s as shown run a few ste6s against the win! an! lea6 fro+ the groun!. -ou will fin! that the +achine has a sur6rising a+ount of lift% an! if the weight of the 2o!y is in the right 6lace you will go shooting !own the hillsi!e in free flight. The lan!ing is +a!e 2y 6ushing the weight of the 2o!y 2ac war!s. This will cause the gli!er to ti6 u6 in front% slac en s6ee! an! settle. The o6erator can then lan! safely an!

gently on his feet. ,f course% the 2eginner shoul! learn 2y ta ing short 8u+6s% gra!ually increasing the !istance as he gains s ill an! e56erience in 2alancing an! lan!ing.

Details of the 9li!er The 6ro6er 6osition of the 2o!y is slightly ahea! of the center of the 6lanes% 2ut this +ust 2e foun! 2y e56erience. The +achine shoul! not 2e use! in win!s 2lowing faster than 1L +iles an hour. 9li!es are always +a!e against the win!% an! the 2alancing is !one 2y +o<ing the legs. The higher the starting 6oint the farther one +ay fly. 9reat care shoul! 2e

e5ercise! in +a ing lan!ingsH otherwise the o6erator +ight suffer a s6raine! an le or 6erha6s a 2ro en li+2. The illustration shows two lines of flight fro+ a hillto6% the gli!er tra<els on the u66er line cause! 2y the 2o!y of the o6erator ta ing a 6osition a little 2ac of the 6ro6er 6lace% an! on the lower line he changes his 6osition fro+ front to 2ac while flying% which causes the !i6 in the line. Bo<- Re)*e-e"t$"# t8e Ce"t 4* %&7/' This is a !i<ersion in which two 2oys 6ersonate a .entaur% a creature of 9ree +ythology% half +an an! half horse. ,ne of the 6layers stan!s erect an! the other 2ehin! hi+ in a stoo6ing 6osition with his han!s u6on the first 6layerCs hi6s% as shown in *ig. 1. The

Ma ing 16 the .entaur secon! 6layer is co<ere! o<er with a. shawl or ta2le co<er which is 6inne! aroun! the waist of the first 6layer. ( tail +a!e of stri6s of cloth or 6a6er is 6inne! to the rear en! of the co<er. The first 6layer shoul! hol! a 2ow an! arrow an! ha<e a cloa thrown loosely o<er his shoul!er as shown in *ig. $. I+itation hoofs of 6aste2oar! +ay 2e +a!e an! fastene! o<er the shoes. Ho!e7M de L dle 0o* Melt$"# B ..$tt %&7/' Secure a large siBe! ol! 2icycle 2ell an! ri<et a hea<y wire or stra6 iron on one si!e for a han!le. Ehen heate! a little% ha++er out the e!ge on one si!e for a li6 to 6our fro+. This +a es a goo! la!le for +elting s+all a+ounts of 2a22it or lea!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0. M. ,lson% Bellingha+% Eash Ho3 to M ,e Fl -8 L !) %&72'

In!oor 6hotogra6hs are +a!e +uch 2etter with the use of a flashlight than 2y !e6en!ing on light fro+ win!ows. The lighting can 2e +a!e fro+ any !irection to suit the o6erator. If lighting flash 6ow!er when not in a regular flash la+6 the flash cannot 2e !e6en!e! u6on an! in so+e instances is !angerous. To +a e a si+6le an! ine56ensi<e flash la+6% first secure fro+ your !ruggist an e+6ty sal<e 2o5 a2out ' in. in !ia+eter. Ehile at the !rug store get ' ft. of s+all ru22er tu2ingH this will cost a2out 1L cents. /ow <isit the tin sho6 an! get a s+all 6iece of scra6 tin ' or I in. sJuareH a 6iece of 2rass or steel wire% a2out the siBe of sto<e 6i6e wire% 1I in. long. These with a stri6 of light as2estos 6a6er an! so+e s+all iron wire% a2out the siBe of !oor screen wire% will co+6lete the +aterial list. .arefully 6unch a hole through the sal<e 2o5 on one si!e near the 2otto+ with a 10= 6enny nail. .ut a stri6 of tin $ in. long an! a2out 'G8 in. wi!e an! roll this aroun! an 8= 6enny nail so as to for+ a s+all tu2e which will 8ust fit the hole +a!e in the sal<e 2o5. /e5t roll u6 a stri6 of tin 1G$ in. wi!e into a s+all cu6 a2out 'G8 in. in !ia+eter at one en! an! 1GI in. at the other. 7lace the tu2e in the nail hole so that one en! co+es al+ost to the center of the 2o5 insi!e an! the other en! 6ro8ects a2out 1G$ in. outsi!e the 2o5. .ut out a little 6lace for the tu2e to enter the cu6 at the s+all en! an! then sol!er the tu2e an! cu6 to the 2otto+ of the 2o5 as shown in the illustration. The tu2e an! cu6 shoul! 2e well sol!ere! on the sea+s to +a e the+ airtight. Ben! a ring on one en! of the larger 6iece of wire% +a ing it $=1G$ in. in !ia+eter an! for+ the re+aining 6ortion of the wire into a s6iral% sol!ering the en! in the 2otto+ of the 2o5 near the cu6. Era6 the ring at the to6 of the s6iral 6iece of wire all the way

Ma!e fro+ a Tin Sal<e Bo5 aroun! with the stri6 of as2estos 6a6er% wra66ing the+ together o<er an! o<er until the entire ring is co<ere!. Sli6 the en! of the ru22er tu2e o<er the tin tu2e on the si!e of the 2o5 an! the flash la+6 is co+6lete. To +a e a flash with this la+6 fill the little cu6 in the center with flash 6ow!er an! +oisten the as2estos ring with alcohol. Ehen all is rea!y for the 6icture the alcohol is lighte! an! a Juic 2low of the 2reath through the ru22er tu2e will force the flash 6ow!er u6war! into the fla+e an! cause the flash. Ehen through with the la+6 6lace the co<er o<er it% 6ushing the as2estos ring !own insi!e the 2o5. Ein! the ru22er tu2ing aroun! the 2o5 an! you ha<e a neat outfit that can 2e carrie! in the 6oc et. P8oto#* )8$"# t8e Ne3 Moo" %&72' To +a e a 6hotogra6h of the +oon is Juite !ifficult an! no goo! 6icture can 2e +a!e without an e56ensi<e a66aratus. (t ho+e an! with your own han! ca+era you can +a e a goo! 6icture of the new +oon 2y the use of a flash light on a tennis 2all% the tennis 2all ta ing the 6art of the +oon. The 2all is sus6en!e! in front of a 2lac cloth screen% the ca+era focuse! 2y hol!ing a 2urning +atch near the 2all an! the e56osure +a!e 2y 2urning a s+all Juantity of flash 6ow!er at one si!e an! a little 2elow the 2all. The light fro+ the

flash only stri ing one si!e of the 2all gi<es the effect of the new +oon. ==7hoto 2y M. M. Hunting% Dayton% ,.

Tennis Ball 7hotogra6he! Old7T$!e M #$(7 P *t II %&75' Re!o1$"# S($--o*- 0*o! Co*d %&75'

( 6iece of strong cor! is !ou2le! an! fastene! to a 6air of scissors with a sli6 not% as shown in *ig. 1. (fter 6assing the en!s of the cor! through the thu+2 hole of the scissors they are tie! fast to a chair% !oor no2 or any other o28ect that +ay 2e of sufficient siBe to +a e the en!s secure. The tric is to release the scissors without cutting the cor!. Ta e hol! of the loo6 en! of the cor! in the lower han!le an! !rawing it first

How the Scissors (re De+o<e! through the u66er han!le an! then co+6letely o<er the 2la!es of the scissors% as shown in *ig. $. This is <ery si+6le when you now how% 2ut 6uBBling when the tric is first seen. Co$" "d C *d o" t8e F$*-t F$"#e* %&75' This is a si+6le tric that +any can !o at the first atte+6t% while others will fail ti+e after ti+e. It is a goo! tric to s6ring u6on a co+6any casually if you ha<e 6ractice! it 2eforehan!. ( 6laying car! is 2alance! on the ti6 of the forefinger an! a 6enny 6lace! on to6 i++e!iately o<er the finger en!% as shown in the s etch. Eith the right han! forefinger an! thu+2 stri e the e!ge of the car! shar6ly. If !one 6ro6erly the car! will flyaway% lea<ing the 6enny 6oise! on the finger en!.

Ho3 to M ,e Se l$"# W 9 H t P$"- %&75' Select a stic of sealing wa5 of the !esire! color for the foun!ation of the hat 6in. Hol! the en! of the stic o<er a fla+e until the wa5 is soft enough to !ro6H then 6ut it on the hat= 6in hea!. Ehen sufficient wa5 has a!here! to the 6in% hol! the lu+6 o<er the fla+e% re= <ol<ing the 6in at the sa+e ti+e so the wa5 will not !ro6 an! the hea! will for+ a roun! 2all. The hea! can 2e +a!e in any sha6e !esire! while war+. Ehen the !esire! sha6e has 2een o2taine!% cool thoroughly in col! water an! !ry carefully. Stri6es an! !esigns +ay 2e 6ut on the foun!ation 2y a66lying !ro6s of other 2rilliant colore! wa5% an! 2y careful +ani6ulation the wa5 when war+ can 2e +a!e to flow aroun! the 6in hea! an! for+ 6retty stri6es an! !esigns. If a certain color is to 2e +ore 6ro+inent% the wa5 to +a e this color +ust 2e a66lie! last an! the 6in 6ut through the fla+e again. .ool in water an! !ry% as 2efore% an! 6ass once +ore through the fla+e to o2tain the luster. Old7T$!e M #$(7P *t III %&76' D$- ))e *$"# Co$" %&76' Ehile this is 6urely a sleight=of=han! tric % it will ta e <ery little 6ractice to cause the coin to !isa66ear instantly. Ta e a Juarter of a !ollar 2etween the thu+2 an! finger% as shown% an! 2y a ra6i! twist of the fingers whirl the coin an! at the sa+e ti+e close the han!% an! the coin will !isa66ear u6 your coat slee<e. ,n o6ening the han! the coin will not 2e seen. Ta e three Juarters an! hol! one in the 6al+ of the left han!% 6lace the other two% one 2etween the thu+2 an! finger of each han!% then gi<e the coin in the right han! a = whirl% as !escri2e!% closing 2oth han!s Juic ly. The coin in the right han! will !isa66ear u6 your slee<e% an! the left han! on 2eing unclose! will contain two Juarters% while the one in the right shall ha<e !isa66eare!.

St$(,$"#

Co$" A# $"-t t8e W ll %&76'

.ut a s+all notch in a coin>ten cent 6iece or Juarter will !o==so a s+all 6oint will 6ro8ect. Ehen this is 6resse! fir+ly against a woo! casing or 6artition the coin will stic tightly. A C8$"e-e O4tdoo* G !e %&76' The acco+6anying illustration shows the Ngran! whirl%N or the .hinese stu!entsC fa<orite ga+e. This ga+e is 6laye! 2y fi<e 6ersons% four of the+ turning aroun! the fifth or central figure

.hinese Doing the 9ran! Ehirl with their ar+s loc e! a2out each other an! the two outsi!e 6ersons swinging in +i!air with their 2o!ies al+ost horiBontal. Ho!e7M de P8oto#* )8 o0 L$#8t"$"# Fl -8 %&76'

How +any ti+es has each a+ateur 6hotogra6her trie! to 6hotogra6h the lightningCs flashT So+e goo! 6ictures ha<e 2een o2taine! 2y a ceaseless effort on the 6art of the o6erator. Here is a +etho! 2y which you can +a e a 6icture of a strea of lightning on a clear night in your own house. 7aste two stri6s of 2lac 6a6er on a 6iece of glass that is 10 in. sJuare so as to lea<e a clear s6ace through the center $=in. or +ore in wi!th. S+o e this unco<ere! s6ace o<er a can!leCs fla+e until the soot is thic enough to 6re<ent light 6assing through. Ta e a shar6 lea! 6encil an! outline a flash of lightning u6on the s+o e! surface% using a fine nee!le to +a e the s+aller lines% an! then set the glass u6 against the 2ac of two 2o5es which are set to ha<e a s6ace 2etween the+ of I or L in. ( lighte! can!le is hel! 2ehin! the glass so the light will shine through for focusing the ca+era. (fter !ar ening the roo+ set your ca+era rea!y for the e56osure an! 2urn a s+all Juantity of flash light 6ow!er in the sa+e 6lace in which the can!le was hel!. This will +a e an i+6ression u6on the 6late of the flash !rawn on the s+o e! glass.

Ho3 to M ,e

St t$( M (8$"e %&77'

Static electricity is 6ro!uce! 2y re<ol<ing glass 6lates u6on which a nu+2er of sectors are ce+ente!H these sectors% 6assing through neutraliBing 2rushes% !istri2ute electric charges

Details of a Ho+e+a!e Static Machine to collecting co+2s attache! to !ischarging ro!s. The glass selecte! for the 6lates +ust 2e clear white glass% free fro+ wrin les% an! of a unifor+ thic ness. Two 6lates are necessary to +a e this +achine% an! the glass shoul! 2e of sufficient siBe to cut a circular 6late 1)=in. in !ia+eter. ( hole +ust 2e +a!e e5actly in the center of each 6late% an! this shoul! 2e !one 2efore cutting the circle. ,ne of the 2est ways to +a e the hole is to !rill the glass with a <ery har!=te+6ere! !rill% the cutting e!ge of which shoul! 2e e6t +oistene! with $ 6arts tur6entine an! 1 6art sweet oil while !rilling. The hole is to 2e +a!e 'GI in. in !ia+eter. The circle is then +ar e! on each 6late an! cut with a glass cutter. The 6lates are true! u6% after they are +ounte!% 2y hol!ing a 6iece of e+ery wheel to the e!ges while they are turning. Eater shoul! 2e a66lie! to the e!ges while !oing the wor . The sectors are cut fro+ tinfoil% 1=1G$ in. wi!e at one en!% 'GI in. at the other% an! I in. long. ( thin coat of shellac <arnish is a66lie! to 2oth si!es of the 6lates% an! 1) sectors 6ut on one si!e of each 6late% as shown in *ig. 1. The !i<isions can 2e +ar e! on the o66osite si!e of the 6late an! a circle !rawn as a gui!e to 6lace the sectors at 6ro6er inter<als. The sectors shoul! lie flat on the glass with all 6arts s+oothe! out so that they will not 2e torn fro+ their 6laces as the 6lates re<ol<e. The shellac shoul! 2e tac y when the 6ieces of tinfoil are 6ut in 6lace. The collectors are +a!e% as shown in *ig. $% fro+ a2out 1GI=in. co66er wire with two 2rass 2alls sol!ere! to the en!s. The for 6art is ) in. long an! the shan I in. Holes are !rille! on the insi!e of the for s% an! 6ins inserte! an! sol!ere!. These 6ins% or teeth% shoul! 2e long enough to 2e <ery close to the sectors an! yet not scratch the+ when the 6lates are turning. The fra+e of the +achine is +a!e fro+ any in! of finishe! woo! with !i+ensions shown in *ig. '% the si!e 6ieces 2eing $I in. long an! the stan!ar!s ' in. wi!e. The two 6ieces% . .% *ig. '% are +a!e fro+ soli!% close graine! woo! turne! in the sha6e shown% with the face that rests against the 6late I in. in !ia+eter% an! the outer en! 1= 1G$ in. in !ia+eter% the s+aller en! 2eing turne! with a groo<e for a roun! 2elt. Before turning the 6ieces a hole is 2ore! through each 6iece for the center% an! this hole +ust 2e of such a siBe as to ta e a 2rass tu2e that has an internal !ia+eter of 'GI in. The turne! 6ieces are glue! to the glass 6lates o<er the center holes an! on the sa+e si!e on which the sectors are fastene!. Se<eral hoursC ti+e will 2e reJuire! for the glue to set. ( fi2er washer is then 6ut 2etween the 6lates an! a 2rass tu2e a5le 6lace! through the hole. The 6lates% turne! woo! 6ieces% an! 2rass a5le turn on a stationary a5le% D. The !ri<e wheels% ##% are +a!e fro+ 7G8=in. +aterial 7 in. in !ia+eter% an! are fastene! on a roun! a5le cut fro+ a 2roo+ han!le. This woo! a5le is centrally 2ore! to a!+it a +etal ro! tightly% an! e5ten!s through the stan!ar!s with a cran attache! to one en!. Two soli! glass ro!s% 99% *ig. I% 1 in. in !ia+eter an! 1L in. long% are fitte! in holes 2ore! into the en! 6ieces of the fra+e. Two 6ieces of 1=in. 2rass tu2ing an! the !ischarging ro!s% DD% are sol!ere! into two hollow 2rass 2alls $ or $=1G$ in. in !ia+eter. The shan s of the collectors are fitte! in these 2rass 2alls with the en!s e5ten!ing% to which insulating han!les

are attache!. Brass 2alls are sol!ere! to the u66er en!s of the !ischarging ro!s% one ha<ing a $=in. 2all an! the other one 'GI in. in !ia+eter. .a6s +a!e fro+ 2rass are fitte! tightly on the en!s of the stationary shaft% D% an! !rille! through their !ia+eter to a!+it hea<y co66er ro!s% FF% which are 2ent as shown. Tinsel or fine wire such as containe! in fle5i2le electric wire are sol!ere! to the en!s of these ro!s% an! the 2rushes thus +a!e +ust 2e a!8uste! so they will 8ust touch the 6lates. The ca6s are fitte! with screws for a!8usting the 2rushes. These ro!s an! 2rushes are calle! the neutraliBers. ( little e56eri+enting will ena2le one to 6ro6erly locate the 6osition of the neutraliBers for 2est results. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. 0loy! #nos% .olora!o .ity% .olo. A Co"(*ete S3$!!$"# Pool %&78' Se<eral 2oys fro+ a neigh2orhoo! in the su2ur2s of a large city conclu!e! to +a e for the+sel<es a swi++ing tan of concrete. The +oney was raise! 2y <arious +eans to 6urchase the ce+ent% an! the wor was !one 2y the+sel<es. The groun! was selecte! in a seclu!e! s6ot in a neigh2orCs 2ac yar! an! a hole !ug to a !e6th of I ft.% 1$ ft. wi!e an! $$ ft. long. The concrete was +a!e 2y +i5ing 1 6art ce+ent% I 6arts san! an! 10 6arts gra<el to= gether an! the 2ul +oistene! with water. The 2otto+ was +a!e the sa+e as laying a si!ewal % an! for+s were only use! for the insi!e of the surroun!ing wall. The tan +ay 2e hi!!en with shru22ery or <ines 6lante! to grow o<er a 6oultry wire fence.

Ho+e=Ma!e Swi++ing 7ool Old7T$!e M #$(7P *t IV %&7:' C4tt$"# T8*e d I"-$de o0 Gl -- Bottle %&7:'

This is a tric which can only 2e 6erfor+e! when the sun shines% 2ut it

The 9lass Directs the SunCs Days

is a goo! one. 7rocure a clear glass 2ottle an! stic a 6in in the lower en! of the cor . (ttach a threa! to the 6in an! tie a s+all weight to the en! of the threa! so it will hang insi!e the 2ottle when the cor is in 6lace. Infor+ your au!ience that you will se<er the threa! an! cause the weight to !ro6 without re+o<ing the cor . (ll that is reJuire! to 6erfor+ the feat is to hol! a +agnifying glass so as to !irect the sunCs rays on the threa!. The threa! will Juic ly 2urn an! the weight fall. Re!o1$"# >e< 0*o! Do4.le St*$"# %&7:'

Tie the en!s of a L=ft. string together% +a ing a !ou2le line on which a ey is 6lace! an! the string hel! as shown 2y the !otte! lines in the s etch. Turn the 6al+s of the han!s towar! you an! reach o<er with the little finger of the right han! an! ta e hol! of the insi!e line near the left=han! thu+2.

NThe Fey Eill Dro6 fro+ the StringN De<erse the o6eration an! ta e hol! of the insi!e line near right=han! thu+2 with the little finger of the left han!. -ou will then ha<e the string as it a66ears in the s etch. @uic ly let loose of the string with a little finger on one han! an! a thu+2 on the other an! 6ull the string taut. The ey will !ro6 fro+ the string. Ho3 to Bo*e S=4 *e Hole %&7:'

-ou woul! not consi!er it 6ossi2le to 2ore a sJuare hole in a 6iece of car!2oar!% yet such a thing can 2e !one. Ta e a car!2oar! or a thin 6iece of woo!% fol! an! 6lace it 2etween two 6ieces of 2oar! with the fol! u6H the 2oar!s are then 6ut in a <ise as shown. Start the 2it with the screw 6oint in the fol!% using a 1=in. 2it% an! 2ore a

hole 1G$ in. !ee6. Ehen the car!2oar! is ta en fro+ the <ise it will a66ear as shown at B an! when unfol!e!% as at (. HOW TO MA>E COPPER TRAYS %&80' .o66er trays such as are shown in the acco+6anying illustration are <ery useful as well as orna+ental a2out the house. They can 2e use! to ee6 6ins an! nee!les% 6ens

an! 6encils% or cigar ashes% etc. They are easily +a!e% reJuire no eJui6+ent in the way of tools e5ce6t what are usually foun! a2out the house% unless it woul! 2e the +etal shears% an! when the !ecorations are well !esigne! an! the +etal nicely colore!% they +a e attracti<e little 6ieces to ha<e a2out. The first thing to !o in 6re6aration for +a ing the+ is to 6re6are the !esign. Si+6le !esigns wor out 2etter than fussy ones an! are +ore li ely to 2e within the a2ility of the a+ateur. Ha<ing !eter+ine! the siBe of the tray% !raw on 6a6er an o2long to re6resent it. Insi!e this o2long% !raw another one to re6resent the lines along which the +etal is to 2e 2ent u6 to for+ the si!es. Insi!e this there shoul! 2e !rawn still another o2long to re6resent the +argin u6 to which the 2ac groun! is to 2e wor e!. The trays shown are L='GI 2y )='GI in.% the s+all ash tray I 2y I in.% the long 6en an! 6encil tray I='GI 2y &=1G$ in. The secon! o2long was 'GI in. insi!e the first on all% an! the thir! one 1GI in. insi!e the secon! on all. If the !ecoration is to ha<e two 6arts ali e>sy++etrical==!i<i!e the s6ace with a line !own the +i!!le. Draw one=half the !esign free han!% then fol! along this line an! trace the secon! half fro+ this one. If the lines ha<e 2een !rawn with soft 6encil% ru22ing the 2ac of the 6a6er with a nife han!le will force enough of the lea! to the secon! si!e so that the outline can 2e !eter+ine!. *our=6art sy++etry will reJuire two lines an! two fol!ings% etc. *or the +etal wor ing there will 2e nee!e! a 6air of tin shears% two s6i es% file% flat an! roun!=nose! 6liers% screw=!ri<er an! sheet co66er of /o. $' gauge. 7rocee! as follows4 1. .ut off a 6iece of co66er so that it shall ha<e 1G$ in. e5tra +etal on each of the four si!es. $. Eith a 6iece of car2on 6a6er trace u6on the co66er lines that

(rticles Ma!e fro+ .o66er shall re6resent the +argin of the tray 6ro6er an! the lines along which the u6turne! si!es of the tray are to 2e 2entH also trace the !ecorati<e !esign. '. Eith a nail +a e a series of holes in the e5tra +argin% a2out 'GI=in. a6art an! large enough to ta e in a 'GI= in. sli+ screw. I. *asten the +etal to a thic 2oar! 2y inserting screws in these holes. L. Eith a $0=6enny wire nail that has the shar6ness of its 6oint file! off% sta+6 the 2ac groun! 6ro+iscuously. By hol!ing the nail a2out 1GI in. a2o<e the wor an! stri ing it with the ha++er% at the sa+e ti+e stri<ing to ee6 it at 1GI in. a2o<e the +etal% <ery ra6i! 6rogress can 2e +a!e. This sta+6ing lowers the 2ac groun! an! at the sa+e ti+e raises the !esign. ). .hase or sta+6 along the 2or!er of the !esign an! 2ac groun!% using a nail file! to chisel e!ge. This is to +a e a clean% shar6 !i<ision 2etween 2ac groun! an! !esign. 7. Ehen the sta+6ing is co+6lete!% re+o<e the screws an! the +etal fro+ the 2oar! an! cut off the e5tra +argin with the +etal shears. *ile the e!ges until they are s+ooth to the touch. 8. Eith the flat 6liers NraiseN one si!e of the tray% then the other si!e. &. Daise the en!s% a!8usting the corners as shown in the illustration. 1se

the roun!=nose! 6liers for this 6ur6ose. .o66er is freJuently treate! che+ically to gi<e it color. Very 6retty effects +ay 2e o2taine! 2y co<ering the tray with tur6entine% then +o<ing it a2out o<er a fla+e such as a 2unsen 2urner until the tur6entine 2urns off. The co66er will Nta e onN al+ost all the colors of a rain2ow% an! the effect will 2e +ost 6leasing. P8oto#* )8 o0 Clo3" F (e %&8&'

(t first glance the acco+6anying 6hotogra6h will a66ear as if the 6erson 6hotogra6he! is wearing a false face or has his face 6ainte! li e a clown. ,n close o2ser<ation you will notice that the face is +a!e on the 2al! hea! of the 6erson sitting 2ehin! the ta2le. The eyes% nose an! +outh are cut fro+ 2lac 6a6er an! 6aste! on the 2al! s6ot. The su28ectCs face is horiBontal an! resting u6on his han!s.

( Bal! Hea! 7hotogra6he! F$"#e* M t8e! t$(- %&8&' By .harles .. Bra!ley (ll +achinists use +athe+atics. (s a +achinist what woul! 2e the 6ro!uct of & ti+es 8 an! his rea!y re6ly woul! 2e 7$% 2ut change the figures a little an! say I& ti+es I8 an! the chances are that instea! of re6lying at once he will ha<e to figure it out with a 6encil. By using the following +etho! it is 8ust as easy to tell at a glance what && ti+es && are as & ti+es &. -ou will 2e a2le to +ulti6ly far 2eyon! your +ost sanguine e56ectations. In the first nu+2ering% 2egin 2y hol!ing your han!s with the 6al+s towar! the 2o!y an! +a e i+aginary nu+2ers on the thu+2s an! fingers as follows4 Thu+2s% )H first fingers% 7H secon! fingers% 8H thir! fingers% &% an! fourth fingers% 10. Su66ose you !esire to +ulti6ly 8 2y &% 6ut the eighth finger on one han! against the ninth finger of the other han! as shown.

N8 Ti+es &N The two 8oine! fingers an! all the fingers a2o<e the+ :calling the thu+2s fingers; are

calle! the u66er fingers an! each has a <alue of ten% which tens are a!!e!. (ll the fingers 2elow the 8oine! fingers are ter+e! the lower fingers% an! each of the lower fingers re6resents a unit <alue of one. The su+ of the units on one han! shoul! 2e +ulti6lie! 2y the su+ of the units on the other han!. The total tens a!!e! to this last na+e! su+ will gi<e the 6ro!uct !esire!. Thus4 Deferring to a2o<e 6icture or to your han!s we fin! three tens on the left han! an! four tens on the right% which woul! 2e 70. Ee also fin! two units on the left han! an! one on the right. Two ti+es one are two% an! 70 6lus $ eJuals 7$% or the 6ro!uct of 8 ti+es &. Su66osing ) ti+es ) were the figures. 7ut your thu+2s togetherH there are no fingers a2o<e% so the two thu+2s re6resent two tens or $0H 2elow the thu+2s are four units on each han!% which woul! 2e 1)% an! $0 6lus 1) eJuals ')% or the 6ro!uct of ) ti+es ).

N) Ti+es )N

N10 Ti+es 7N

Su66osing 10 ti+es 7 is !esire!. 7ut the little finger of the left han! against the first finger of the right han!. (t a glance you see se<en tens or 70. ,n the right han! you ha<e three units an! on the left nothing. Three ti+es nothing gi<es you nothing an! 70 6lus nothing is 70. In the secon! nu+2ering% or nu+2ers a2o<e 10% renu+2er your fingersH thu+2s% 11H first fingers% 1$% etc. 0et us +ulti6ly 1$ 2y 1$. 7ut together the ti6s of the fingers la2ele! 1$. (t a glance you see four tens or I0. (t this 6oint we lea<e the +etho! e56laine! in .ase 1 an! ignore the units :lower fingers; altogether. Ee go 2ac to the u66er fingers again

N1$ Ti+es 1$N an! +ulti6ly the nu+2er of u66er fingers use! on the one han! 2y the nu+2er of u66er fingers use! on the other han!% <iB.% $ ti+es $ eJuals I. (!!ing I to I0 gi<es us II. Ee now a!! 100 :2ecause anything o<er 10 ti+es 10 woul! +a e o<er 100; an! we ha<e 1II% the 6ro!uct of 1$ ti+es 1$. The a!!ition of 100 is ar2itrary% 2ut 2eing si+6le it sa<es ti+e an! trou2le. Still% if we wish% we +ight regar! the four u66er fingers in the a2o<e e5a+6le as four twenties% or 80% an! the si5 lower fingers as si5 tens% or )0H then returning to the u66er fingers an! +ulti6lying the two on the right han! 2y the two on the left we woul! ha<e IH hence 80 6lus )0 6lus I eJuals 1IIH therefore the rule of a!!ing the lu+6 su+ is +uch the Juic er an! easier +etho!. (2o<e 10 ti+es 10 the lu+6 su+ to a!! is 100H a2o<e 1L ti+es 1L it is $00H a2o<e $0 ti+es $0% I00H $L ti+es $L% )00% etc.% etc.% as high as you want to go.

In the thir! nu+2ering to +ulti6ly a2o<e 1L renu+2er your fingers% 2eginning the thu+2s with 1)% first finger 17% an! so on. ,66ose the 6ro6er finger ti6s as 2efore% the u66er fingers re6resenting a <alue of $0. 7rocee! as in the first nu+2ering an! a!! $00. Ta e *or e5a+6le 18 ti+es 18. (t a glance we see si5 twenties 6lus $ units on left han! ti+es $ units on right han! 6lus $00 eJuals '$I. In the fourth nu+2ering the fingers are +ar e!% thu+2s% $1% first fingers $$% etc.% the <alue of the u66er fingers 2eing $0. 7rocee! as in the secon! lu+2ering% a!!ing I00 instea! of 100.

N18 Ti+es 18N (2o<e $L ti+es $L the u66er fingers re6resent a <alue of '0 each an! after 6rocee!ing as in the thir! nu+2ering you a!! )00 instea! of $00. This syste+ can 2e carrie! as high as you want to go% 2ut you +ust re+e+2er that for figures en!ing in 1% $% '% I an! L 6rocee! as in the secon! nu+2ering. *or figures en!ing in )% 7% 8% & an! 10 the thir! nu+2ering a66lies. Deter+ine the <alue of the u66er fingers whether they re6resent tens% twenties% thirties% forties% or what. *or e5a+6le% any two figures 2etween IL an! LL% the <alue of the u66er fingers woul! 2e L0% which is the half=way 6oint 2etween the two fi<es. In 8$ ti+es 8I the <alue of the u66er fingers woul! 2e 80 :the half=way 6oint 2etween the two fi<es% 7L an! 8L% 2eing 80;. (n! the lu+6 su+ to a!!. Just three things to re+e+2er4 Ehich nu+2ering is to follow% whether the one !escri2e! in secon! or thir! nu+2eringH the <alue which the u66er fingers ha<eH an!% lastly% the lu+6 su+ to a!!% an! you will 2e a2le to +ulti6ly faster an! +ore accurately than you e<er !rea+e! of 2efore. O)t$( l Ill4-$o"- %&8/' If a 6erson o2ser<es fi5e!ly for so+e ti+e two 2alls hanging on the en! of cor!s which are in ra6i! re<olution% not rotation% a2out a <ertical a5is% the !irection of re<olution will see+ to re<erse. In so+e e56eri+ents two incan!escent N6illsN of 6latinu+ s6onge% such as an use! for lighting gas=2urners% were hung in tiny alu+inu+ 2ells fro+ a +ica <ane wheel which was turne! constantly an! ra6i!ly in one !irection 2y hot air fro+ a gas fla+e to ee6 the 6latinu+ in a glow. The in<ersion an! re<ersion !i! not ta e 6lace% as one +ight su66ose% at the will of the o2ser<er% 2ut was co+6ulsory an! followe! regular rules. If the o2ser<er watches the rotating o28ects fro+ the si!e% or fro+ a2o<e or fro+ 2elow% the in<ersion ta es 6lace against his willH the con!ition 2eing that the i+age on the retina shall 2e eccentric. It ta es 6lace also% howe<er% with a change in the con<ergence of the o6tical a5es% whether they are 6arallel to each other or +ore con<ergent. (lso when the i+age on the retina is +a!e less !istinct 2y the use of a con<e5 or conca<e lens% the re<olution see+s to re<erseH further% in the case of a nearsighte! 6erson% when he re+o<es his s6ectacles%

Illusions Shown 2y De<ol<ing 7latinu+ S6onge N7illsN an! Hat 7ins in<ersion results e<ery ti+e that the i+age on the retina is not shar6. But e<en a change in the !egree of in!istinctness causes in<ersion. The cause of this o6tical illusion is the sa+e where the wings of win!+ills are o2ser<e! in the twilight as a silhouette. It is then not a Juestion of which is the front or the 2ac of the wheel% 2ut whether one of the wings or the other co+es towar!s the o2ser<er. The e56eri+ent is +a!e +ore si+6le 2y ta ing a hat 6in with a cons6icuous hea!% hol!ing it fir+ly in a horiBontal 6osition% an! 6utting a cor on the 6oint. 0oo ing at it in se+i= !ar ness% one see+s to see so+eti+es the hea! of the 6in% so+eti+es the 6oint towar!s hi+% when he nows which !irection is right. The in<ersion will 2e continue! as soon as one o2ser<es fi5e!ly a 6oint at the si!e. Here it is a Juestion of the 6erce6tion of !e6th or !istanceH an! this is the sa+e in the case of the rotating 2allsH the !irection of see+ing re<olution !e6en!s on which one of the+ one consi!ers to 2e the front one an! which the rear one. *ro+ the foregoing the following conclusion +ay 2e reache!4 Ehen% in the case of a 6erce6tion re+itting two a66earances% one fi5e!ly o2ser<es one of these an! then 6er+its or causes change in the shar6ness of the i+age on the retina% the other a66earance asserts itself. Ste ! E"#$"e M de 0*o! G - P$)e "d F$tt$"#- %&82' (l+ost all the +aterial use! in the constructionC of the 6arts for the s+all stea+ engine illustrate! herewith was +a!e fro+ gas 6i6e an! fittings. The cylin!er consists of a '=in. tee% the thir! o6ening 2eing threa!e! an! fille! with a cast=iron 6lug turne! to such a !e6th that when the interior was 2ore! out on a lathe the 2otto+ of the 6lug 2ore! to the sa+e ra!ius as the other 6art of the tee. The outsi!e en! of the 6lug e5ten!e! a2out 1GI=in. an! the surface was +a!e s+ooth for the <al<e seat. ( flat sli!e <al<e was use!. The 6orts were not easy to +a e% as

The #ngine Is (2out $0 Inches High they ha! to 2e !rille! an! chi66e! out. The stea+ chest is roun!% as it ha! to 2e +a!e to fit the roun! tee connection. The crosshea! runs in gui!es +a!e fro+ a 6iece of gas 6i6e with the si!es cut out an! threa!s cut on 2oth en!s. ,ne en! is screwe! into a ri+ turne! on the cylin!er hea! an! the other is fitte! into an o2long 6late. Both en!s of this 6late were !rille! an! ta66e! to recei<e 1=1G$=in. 6i6e. The +ain fra+e consists of one 1=1G$in. 6i6e 10 in. long an! one +a!e u6 fro+ two 6ieces of 6i6e an! a cross to +a e the whole length 10 in. These 6i6es were then screwe! into 6i6e flanges that ser<e! as a 2ase. The o6en 6art of the cross was 2a22itte! to recei<e the +ain shaft. The en! of the shaft has a 6illow 2loc to ta e a 6art of the strain fro+ the +ain 2earing. The eccentric is constructe! of washers. Ehile this engine !oes not gi<e +uch 6ower% it is easily 2uilt% ine56ensi<e% an! anyone with a little +echanical a2ility can +a e one 2y closely following out the construction as shown in the illustration. == .ontri2ute! 2y E. H. Futscher% S6ringfiel!% Ill. Ho3 to M ,e Co))e* Bo3l %&85'

To +a e a co66er 2owl% such as is shown in the illustration% secure a 6iece of /o. $1 gauge sheet co66er of a siBe sufficient to +a e a circular !is )=1G$ in. in !ia+eter. .ut the co66er to the circular for+ an! siBe 8ust +entione!% an! file the e!ge so that it will 2e s+ooth an! free fro+ shar6 6laces. Eith a 6encil co+6ass 6ut on a series of concentric rings a2out 1G$ in. a6art. These are to ai! the eye in 2eating the 2owl to for+. The tools are si+6le an! can 2e +a!e easily. *irst +a e a roun!=nose! +allet of so+e har! woo!% which shoul! ha<e a !ia+eter of a2out 1=1GI in% across the hea!. If nothing 2etter is at han!% saw off a section of a 2roo+ han!le% roun! one en! an! insert a han!le into a hole 2ore! in its +i!!le. /e5t ta e a 2loc of woo!% a2out ' 2y ' 2y ) in.% an! +a e in one en! a hollow% a2out $ in. across an! 1G$ in. !ee6. *asten the 2loc soli!ly% as in a <ise% an! while hol!ing the co66er on the hollowe! en! of the 2loc % 2eat with the +allet along the concentric rings. Begin at the center an! wor along the rings==gi<ing the co66er a circular +o<e+ent as the 2eating 6rocee!s==out towar! the ri+. .ontinue the circular +o<e+ent an! wor fro+ the ri+ 2ac towar! the center. This o6eration is to 2e continue! until the 2owl has the sha6e !esire!% when the 2otto+ is flattene! 2y 6lacing the 2owl% 2otto+ si!e u6% on a flat surface an! 2eating the raise! 6art flat. Beating co66er ten!s to har!en it an!% if continue! too long without 6ro6er treat+ent%

will cause the +etal to 2rea . To o<erco+e this har!ness% heat the co66er o<er a 2e! of coals or a Bunsen 2urner to a goo! heat. This 6rocess is calle! annealing% as it softens the +etal. The a66earance of a 2owl is greatly enhance! 2y the a!!ition of a 2or!er. In the illustration the 2or!er !esign shown was lai! out in 6encil% a s+all hole was !rille! with a 2an! !rill in each s6ace an! a s+all=2la!e! +etal saw inserte! an! the 6art sawe! out. To 6ro!uce color effects on co66er% co<er the co66er with tur6entine an!

Sha6ing the Bowl an! Sawing the 0ace hol! o<er a Bunsen 2urner until all 6arts are well heate!. Cle "$"# F4*"$t4*e %&85' (fter cleaning furniture% the greasy a66earance +ay 2e re+o<e! 2y a!!ing so+e goo!% shar6 <inegar to the furniture 6olish. Vinegar% which is nothing else than !ilute! acetic aci!% is one of the 2est cleansers of !irty furniture. Melt$"# Le d $" T$--4e P )e* %&85' Ta e a 2uc shot% wra6 it tightly in one thic ness of tissue 6a6er% an!% hol!ing the en!s of the 6a6er in the fingers of each han!% 6lace the 6art that hol!s the shot o<er the fla+e of a +atch 8ust far enough away fro+ the fla+e not to 2urn the 6a6er. In a few secon!s unfol! the 6a6er an! you will fin! that the shot has +elte! without e<en scorching the 6a6er. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. ,. Hay% .a+!en% S. .. T8e P*$"($)le- o0 t8e Ste*eo#* )8 %&85' #ach of our eyes sees a !ifferent 6icture of any o28ectH the one sees a trifle +ore to the right=han! si!e% the other to the left% es6ecially when the o28ect is near to the o2ser<er. The stereosco6e is the instru+ent which effects this result 2y 2ringing the two 6ictures together in the senses. The stereogra6h 6ro!uces this result in another way than 2y 6ris+s as in the

stereosco6e. In the first 6lace there is

0oo ing Through the .olore! 9elatine only one 6icture% not two +ounte! si!e 2y si!e. The stereogra6h consists of a 6iece of car!% ha<ing therein two circular o6enings a2out 1=1GI in. !ia+eter% at a !istance a6art corres6on!ing to the !istance 2etween the centers of the 6u6ils. The o6enings are co<ere! with trans6arent gelatine% the one for the left eye 2eing 2lue% that for the right% orange. The 6icture is <iewe! at a !istance of a2out 7 in. fro+ the stereogra6h. (s a result of loo ing at it through the stereogra6h% one sees a colorless 2lac an! white 6icture which stan!s out fro+ the 2ac groun!. Try loo ing at the front co<er of 7o6ular Mechanics through these colore! gelatine o6enings an! the effect will 2e 6ro!uce!. If one loo s at the 6icture first with the right eye alone through the orange glass% an! then with the left eye through the 2lue glass% one will un!erstan! the 6rinci6le on which the little instru+ent wor s. 0oo ing through the 2lue glass with the left eye% one sees only those 6ortions which are re! on the 6icture. But they see+ 2lac . The reason is that the re! rays are a2sor2e! 2y the 2lue filter. Through the orange gelatine all the white 6ortions of the 6icture see+ orange% 2ecause of the rays co+ing fro+ the+% an! which contain all the colors of the s6ectru+H only the orange rays +ay 6ass through. The re! 6ortions of the 6icture are not seen% 2ecause% although they 6ass through the screen% they are not seen against the re! groun! of the 6icture. It is 8ust as though they were not there. The left eye therefore sees a 2lac 6icture on a re! 2ac groun!. In the sa+e way the right eye sees through the orange screen only a 2lac 6icture on a re! 2ac groun!H this 2lac i+age consisting only of the 2lue 6ortions of the 6icture. (ny other 6art of co+6le+entary colors than 2lue an! orange% as for instance re! an! green% woul! ser<e the sa+e 6ur6ose. The 6rinci6le on which the stereogra6h wor s +ay 2e !e+onstrate! 2y a <ery si+6le e56eri+ent. ,n white 6a6er one +a es a 6icture or +ar with a re! 6encil. 0oo ing at this through a green glass it a66ears 2lac on a green groun!H loo ing at it through a re! glass of e5actly the sa+e color as the 6icture% it% howe<er% !isa66ears fully. Through the glass one will see only a regular surface of the color of the glass itself% an! without any 6icture. Through a re! glass a green 6icture will a66ear 2lac . So with the stereogra6hH each eye sees a 2lac 6icture re6resenting one of the 6ictures gi<en 2y the stereosco6eH the only !ifference 2eing that in the case of the stereogra6h the 2ac groun! for each eye is colore!H while 2oth eyes together see a white 2ac groun!. In the 6ictures the re! an! the green lines an! !ots +ust not coinci!eH neither can they 2e <ery far a6art in or!er to 6ro!uce the !esire! result. In or!er that the 6icture shall 2e N6lastic%N which increases the sense of !e6th an! shows the effect of !istance in the 6icture% they +ust 2e a <ery trifle a6art. The arrange+ent of the two 6ictures can 2e so that one sees the 6ictures either in front of or on the 2ac of the car! on which they are 6rinte!. In or!er to +a e the+ a66ear 2efore the car!% the left eye sees through a 2lue screen% 2ut the re! 6icture which is seen 2y it is a 2lac one% an! lies to the right on the 6ictureH an! the right eye sees the lefthan! 6icture. The further a6art the 6ictures are% the further fro+ the car! will the co+6osite i+age a66ear. In the +anufacture of a stereosco6e the !ifficulty is in the 6ro6er arrange+ent of the 6ris+sH with the stereogra6h% in the 6ro6er choice of colors.

Me*(4*< M ,e7 "d7B*e , Co""e(t$o"- 0o* I"d4(t$o" Co$l- %&87' In!uction coils o6erating on low <oltage ha<e a +a e=an!=2rea connection calle! the N2uBBerN to increase the secon!ary !ischarge. Two ty6es of +a e=an!=2rea connection are use!% the co++on N2uBBerN o6erate! 2y the +agnetis+ of the core in the coil an! the +ercury 2rea o6erate! 2y a s+all +otor. The s etch herewith shows how to +a e the +otor=o6erate! 2rea . Two 2loc s of woo! are naile! together in the sha6e of an 0 an! a s+all +otor fastene! to the to6 of the <ertical 6iece. The shaft of the +otor is 2ent a2out 18 in. in the sha6e of a cran % so that in turning it will !escri2e a circle 1GI in. in !ia+eter. ( s+all connecting 2ar is cut fro+ a 6iece of 2rass 1G8 in. thic % 1GI in. wi!e an! 1 in. long an! a hole !rille! in each en!H one hole to fit the +otor shaft an! the other to sli6 on a /o. 1$ gauge wire. Two 0=sha6e! 6ieces of 2rass are fastene! to the si!e of the 2loc an! !rille! with holes of such a siBe that a /o. 1$ gauge wire will sli6 through snugly. 7lace a /,.1$ gauge wire in these holes an! 2en! the to6 en! at right angles.

Motor=Dri<en Ma e=an!=Brea 7ut the connecting 2rass 2ar on the +otor shaft with washers fitte! tight on each si!e an! sli6 the other en! o<er the 2ent en! of the wire. Ha<e the wire 6lenty long so it can 2e cut to the 6ro6er length when the 6arts are all in 6lace. ( s+all roun! 2ottle a2out 1G$ in. in !ia+eter is now fitte! in a hole that has 2een 6re<iously 2ore! into the +i!!le of the 2otto+ 2loc an! close u6 to the <ertical 6iece. This shoul! only 2e 2ore! a2out half way through the 2loc . The wire is now cut so at the length of the stro e the en! will co+e to a2out one=half the !e6th% or the +i!!le of the 2ottle. *ill the 2ottle with +ercury to a 6oint so that when the +otor is running% the en! of the wire will 2e in the +ercury for a2out one=half of the stro e. .o<er the +ercury o<er with a little alcohol. ( /o. 1I gauge iron wire is 2ent an! 6ut into the si!e of the 2ottle with the en! e5ten!ing to the 2otto+. The other en! of this wire is attache! to one 2in!ing=6ost 6lace! at the en! of the 2otto+ 2loc . The other 2in!ing=6ost is connecte! to a s+all 2rass 2rush attache! to the si!e of the <ertical 6iece% which is 6lace! with so+e 6ressure on the +o<ing wire. The +otor can 2e run with a current fro+ a se6arate course or connecte! as shown on the sa+e 2atteries with the coil. The 6ro6er height of the +ercury can 2e regulate! for 2est results. The +otor +ust run continuous if the coil is use! for writing co!e signals% wireless% etc. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Hara!en 7ratt% San *rancisco% .al. Ho3 to M ,e B *o!ete* %&88'

(t+os6heric 6ressure is +easure! 2y the 2aro+eter. The weight of the air in roun!

nu+2ers is 1L l2. to the sJuare inch an! will su66ort a colu+n of water 1 in. sJuare% 'I ft. high% or a colu+n of +ercury :!ensity 1'.); 1 in. sJuare% '0 in. high. The 6arts necessary to +a e a si+6le 2aro+eter are% a glass tu2e 1G8 in. internal !ia+eter an! a2out 'I in. long% a 2ottle 1 in. insi!e !ia+eter an! $ in. high. Seal one en! of the tu2e 2y hol!ing it in the fla+e of a gas 2urner% which will soon soften the glass so it can 2e 6inche! together with 6liers. 7ut a little 6araffin in the 2ottle an! +elt it 2y hol!ing the 2ottle o<er a s+all fla+e. Ehen cool the 6araffin shoul! co<er the 2otto+ a2out 1G1) in. thic . The tu2e is now to 2e fille! with +ercury. This +ay 2e acco+6lishe! with a 6a6er funnel% 2ut 2efore atte+6ting to 6ut in the +ercury% 6lace a large !ish or tray 2eneath the tu2e to catch any +ercury that +ay acci!entally 2e s6ille!. ,nly re!istille! +ercury shoul! 2e use!% an! the tu2e shoul! 2e 6erfectly clean 2efore filling. Ehen the tu2e is fille! to

within 1 in. of the o6en en! 6lace the forefinger o<er the hole an! tilt the tu2e u6 an! !own so all the air will gather at the finger en!. The filling is continue! until the tu2e is full of +ercury. The glass 2ottle containing the wa5 co<ere! 2otto+ is now 6lace! o<er the en! of the tu2e an! 6resse! fir+ly to insure an airtight fit with the tu2e. The 2ottle an! tu2e are in= <erte! an! after a few ounces of +ercury are 6ut in the 2ottle the tu2e +ay 2e raise! out of the wa5% 2ut 2e careful not to 2ring its e!ge a2o<e the surface of the +ercury. The instru+ent is 6ut asi!e while the 2ase is 2eing +a!e% or% if you choose% ha<e the 2ase rea!y to recei<e the 6arts 8ust !escri2e! when they are co+6lete!. .ut a 2ase fro+ a 6iece of 7G8=in. 6ine ' in. wi!e an! I0 in. long. In this 2ase cut a groo<e to fit the tu2e an! the s6ace to 2e occu6ie! 2y the 2ottle is hollowe! out with a chisel to a !e6th of 'GI in.% so the 2ottle rests on one=half of its !ia+eter a2o<e the surface of the 2oar! an! one=half 2elow. The instru+ent is +a!e secure to the 2ase with 2rass stri6s tac e! on as shown in the s etch. (fter the instru+ent is in 6lace 6ut enough +ercury in the 2ottle so the !e6th of the +ercury a2o<e the 2otto+ en! of the tu2e will 2e a2out 1G$ in. The scale is +a!e on a 6iece or car!2oar! $ in. wi!e an! I in. long. The I in. are +ar e! off an! !i<i!e! into si5teenths% an! the inches nu+2ere! $7 u6 to '1. The scale is fastene! to the 2ase with glue or tac s an! in the 6osition 2ehin! the tu2e as shown in the s etch. Before fastening the scale% the instru+ent shoul! 2e co+6are! with a stan!ar! 2aro+eter an! the scale a!8uste! so 2oth rea!ings are the sa+e. But if a stan!ar! 2aro+eter is not a<aila2le% the instru+ent% if accurately constructe!% will cali2rate itself. In general% a !ro6 in the +ercury in!icates a stor+ an! 2a! weather% while a rise in!icates fair weather an! in winter a frost. Su!!en changes in the 2aro+eter are followe! 2y li e changes in weather. The slow rise of the +ercury 6re!icts fair weather% an! a slow fall% the contrary. During the frosty !ays the !ro6 of the +ercury is followe! 2y a thaw an! a rise in!icates snow.

Ho!e7M de Po-t o* S3$"#$"# L$#8t %&8:' De+o<e the 2otto+ fro+ a roun! 2ottle of sufficient siBe to a!+it a wa5 or tallow can!le. This can 2e !one with a glass cutter or a hot ringH the siBe of the outsi!e of the 2ottle% which is sli66e! Juic ly o<er the en!. 7rocure a +etal can co<er% a co<er fro+ a 2a ing 6ow!er can will !o% a li! fit it on the en! where the 2otto+ was re+o<e!. The co<er is 6unche! full of holes to a!+it the air an! a cross cut in the center with the four wings thus +a!e 2y the cutting turne! u6 to for+ a 6lace to insert the can!le. The +etal co<er is fastene! to the 2ottle with wires as shown in the s etch. This light can 2e use! on a 6ost or hung fro+ a +etal su66ort.

A C8e(,e* P4AAle %&8:' .ut a 2loc fro+ a 2oar! a2out ' in. wi!e an! 10 in. long. San!6a6er all the surfaces an! roun! the e!ges slightly. Mar out se<en 1=in. sJuares on the surface to 2e use! for the to6 an! color the sJuares alternately white an! 2lac . Ma e si5 +en 2y sawing a curtain roller into 6ieces a2out 'G8 in. thic . /u+2er the 6ieces 1% $% '% L% ) an! 7% an! 6lace the+ as shown in *ig. 1. The 6uBBle is to +a e the first three change 6laces with the last three an!

7osition of the Men +o<e only one at a ti+e. This +ay 2e !one as follows4 Mo<e 1=Mo<e /o. ' to the center. Mo<e $=Ju+6 /o. L o<er /o. '. Mo<e '=Mo<e /o. ) to /o. LCs 6lace. Mo<e I=Ju+6 /o% ' o<er /o. ). Mo<e L=Ju+6 /o. $ o<er /o. L. Mo<e )=Mo<e /o. 1 to /o. $Cs 6lace. Mo<e 7=Ju+6 /o. L o<er /o. 1. Mo<e 8=Ju+6 /o. ) o<er /o. $. Mo<e &=Ju+6 /o. 7 o<er /o. '. Mo<e 10=Mo<e /o. ' into /o. 7Cs 6lace. Mo<e ll=Ju+6 /o. $ o<er /o. 7. Mo<e 1$=Ju+6 /o% l o<er /o. ). Mo<e 1'=Mo<e /o. ) into /o. $Cs 6lace. Mo<e 1I=Ju+6 /o. 7 o<er /o. 1. Mo<e 1L=Mo<e /o. 1 into /o% LCs 6lace. (fter the 1L +o<es are +a!e the +en will ha<e change! 6laces. This can 2e !one on a chec er 2oar!% as shown in *ig. $% using chec ers for +en% 2ut 2e sure you so situate the +en that they will occu6y a row containing only 7 s6aces.=.ontri2ute! 2y E. 0. Eoolson% .a6e May 7oint% /.J. Gold R $l*o d S$#" l- %&8:' .o<ering railroa! signals with gol! leaf has ta en the 6lace of 6ainting on so+e roa!s. 9ol! leaf will stan! the wear of the weather for 1L or $0 years% while 6aint reJuires reco<ering three or four ti+es a year. Ho3 to M ,e Bell Te"t %&:0'

( 2ell tent is easily +a!e an! is nice for lawns% as well as for a 2oyCs ca+6ing outfit. The illustrations show a 6lan of a tent 1I=ft. in !ia+eter. To +a e such a tent% 6rocure un2leache! tent !uc % which is the <ery 2est +aterial for the 6ur6ose% says the .le<e= lan! 7lain Dealer. Ma e $$ sections% sha6e! li e *ig. '% each 10 ft. ) in. long an! $ ft. $

in. wi!e at the 2otto+% ta6ering in a straight line to a 6oint at the to6. These !i+ensions allow for the lai! or la66e! sea+s% which shoul! 2e

(n Ine56ensi<e Ho+e=Ma!e Tent !ou2le=stitche! on a +achine. The last sea+ sew only for a !istance of I ft. fro+ the to6% lea<ing the rest for an o6ening. (t the en! of this sea+ stitch on an e5tra gusset 6iece so that it will not ri6. *ol! 2ac the e!ges of the o6ening an! the 2otto+ e!ge of the 2ell=sha6e! co<er an! 2in! it with wi!e we22ing% ' in. across an! ha<ing eyelets at the sea+s for attaching the stay ro6es. /ear the a6e5 of the co<er cut three triangular holes 8 in. long an! I in. wi!e at the 2otto+ an! he+ the e!ges. These are <entilators. Ma e the tent wall of the sa+e in! of cloth $ ft. $ in. high. Bin! it at the u66er e!ge with we22ing an! at the 2otto+ with can<as. (lso stitch on coarse can<as ) in. wi!e at the 2otto+% an! the s6ace 2etween the groun! an! the wall when the tent is raise!% fill with can<as e!ging. Stitch the u66er e!ge of the wall fir+ly to the 2ell co<er at the 6oint in!icate! 2y the !otte! line% *ig. $. *or the to6 of the tent ha<e the 2lac s+ith +a e a hoo6 of 1GI=in. roun! gal<aniBe! iron% )=in. !ia+eter. Stitch the can<as at the a6e5 aroun! the hoo6 an! along the si!es. Ma e the a6e5 into a hoo! an! line it with stiff can<as. Ha<e the tent 6ole ' in. in !ia+eter% +a!e in two sections% with a soc et 8oint an! roun!e! at the to6 to fit into the a6e5 of the tent. In raising the tent% fasten !own the wall 2y +eans of loo6s of stout line fastene! to its lower e!ge an! s+all 6egs !ri<en through the+ into the groun!% *ig. L. Dun the stay ro6es fro+ the eyelets in the circular co<er to sta es :*ig. L; stuc in the groun!. 1se 2loc s% as in *ig. )% on the stay ro6es for hol!ing the en!s an! a!8usting the length of the ro6es. S$!)le E7R < E9)e*$!e"t %&:0' The outlines of the 2ones of the han! +ay 2e seen 2y hol!ing a 6iece of rice 6a6er 2efore the eyes an! 6lacing the s6are han! a2out 1$ in. 2ac of the rice 6a6er an! 2efore a 2right light. The 2ony structure will 2e clearly !istinguisha2le. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9.J. Tress% #+sworth% 7a. Ho3 to M ,e C "dle S8 de %&:&'

0ayout the 6attern for the sha!e on a thin 6iece of 6a6er% & 2y 1$ in.% +a ing the arcs of the circle with a 6encil co+6ass. (s shown in the s etch% the 6attern for this 6articular sha!e co<ers a half circle with $='GI in. a!!e!. (llowance +ust 2e +a!e for the la6 an! as 1GI in. will !o% a line is !rawn 6arallel 1GI in. fro+ the one !rawn through the center to the outsi!e circle that ter+inates the !esign. /ail a thin sheet of 2rass% a2out & in. wi!e 2y 1$ in. long% to a s+ooth 2oar! of soft woo!% then trace the !esign on the 2rass 2y laying a 6iece of car2on 6a6er 2etween the 6attern an! the 2rass. (fter transferring the !esign to the 2rass% use a s+all awl to 6unch the holes in the 2rass along the outlines of the figures trace!. 7unch holes in the 2rass in

the s6aces aroun! the outline! figures% e5ce6ting the 1GI=in. aroun! the outsi!e of the 6attern. Ehen all the holes are 6unche!% re+o<e the 2rass sheet fro+ the 2oar! an! cut it along the outer lines as trace! fro+ the 6attern% then 2en! the 2rass carefully so as not to crease the figures a66earing in relief. Ehen the e!ges are 2rought together 2y 2en!ing% fasten the+ with 2rass=hea!e! nails or 2ra!s. If a woo!=turning lathe is at han!% the sha!e can 2e +a!e 2etter 2y turning a cone fro+ soft woo! that will fit the sheet=2rass sha!e after it is sha6e! an! the e!ges fastene! together. The 6attern is trace! as 2efore% 2ut 2efore 6unching the holes% cut out the 2rass on the outsi!e lines% 2en! into sha6e% fasten the en!s together an! 6lace on the woo! cone. The holes are now 6unche! on the outlines trace! fro+ the 6attern an! the o6en s6aces +a!e full of holes. The holes 2eing 6unche! after the sha!e is sha6e!% the +etal will stay an! hol! the 6erfect sha6e of a cone +uch 2etter. The glass=2ea!e! fringe is attache! on the insi!e of the 2otto+ 6art with s+all 2rass ri<ets or 2ra!s 6lace! a2out 'GI in. a6art. The thin sheet 2rass +ay 2e 6rocure! fro+ the local har!ware

7unching the Holes .o+6lete! Sha!e

7attern

!ealer an! so+eti+es can 2e 6urchase! fro+ general +erchan!ise stores. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Miss Fathryn #. .orr% .hicago. A P4tt< G*$"de* %&:&' Ha<ing a large nu+2er of win!ows to 6utty each wee % I foun! it Juite a tas to 6re6are the 6utty. I facilitate! the wor 2y using an or!inary +eat cutter or sausage grin!er. The grin!er will soften set 6utty an! will Juic ly 6re6are col! 6utty. It will not%

howe<er% grin! ol! 6utty or +a e 6utty fro+ whiting an! oil. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H. 9. Ste<ensH Dunha+% @ue. Ho!e7M de S! ll C84*" %&:+' Many 6eo6le li<ing in a s+all town or in the su2ur2s of a city own one

Ma ing Butter cow that su66lies the fa+ily ta2le with +il an! crea+. So+eti+es the crea+ will accu+ulate% 2ut not in sufficient Juantities to 2e +a!e into 2utter in a large churn. ( fruit 8ar usually ta es the 6lace of a churn an! the wor is e5cee!ingly har!% the 8ar 2eing sha en so the crea+ will 2eat against the en!s in the 6rocess of 2utter=+a ing. The acco+6anying s etch shows clearly how one 2oy rigge! u6 a !e<ice ha<ing a !ri<ing wheel which is turne! with a cran % an! a !ri<en wheel attache! to an a5le ha<ing a cran on the inner en!. This cran is connecte! to a swinging cra!le with a wire 6it+an of such a siBe as to slightly 2en! or s6ring at each en! of the stro e. The cra!le is +a!e with a cleat fastene! to each en!% 2etween which is 6lace! the fruit 8ar% 6artially fille! with crea+. The 8ar is we!ge! in 2etween the cleats an! the churning effecte! 2y turning the cran . ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. #. Ba!ger% Mayger% ,regon. Ho!e7M de Ro4"d S3$"# %&:+' 9as 6i6e an! fittings were use! where<er 6ossi2le in the +a ing of the swing as shown in the 6hotogra6h. The ! i a g ra+ !rawing shows the construction. ( )=in. sJuare ce!ar 6ost is set in the groun! a2out ' ft.% allowing $ ft. to re+ain a2o<e the groun! an! a 7G8=in. 6iece of shafting is !ri<en into the to6 6art of this 6ost for an a5le. ( cast=iron ring% or% 2etter still% a hea<y wheel with four s6o es of such a siBe as to 2e !rille! an! ta66e! for 1G$=in. 6i6e is use! for the hu2% or center on which the fra+e swings. If a wheel is selecte!% the ri+ +ust 2e re+o<e! an! only the s6o es an! hu2 use!. The hole in the hu2 +ust 2e 7G8 in. or less% so the hu2 can 2e fitte! to the shafting that is !ri<en in the 6ost. ( large washer is 6lace! on to6 of the 6ost an! the hu2 or cast=iron ring set on the washer. The !rille! an! ta66e! holes in the four s6o es are each fitte! with a I=1G$ length of 1G$=in. 6i6e. These 6i6es are

The Merry=9o=Doun! .o+6lete each fitte! with a tee on the en! an! into this tee u6rights of 1G$=in. 6i6e in suita2le lengths are screwe!% an! also short lengths with a tee an! a5le for the )=in. wheel are fitte! in the un!er si!e of the tee. The u6rights at their u66er en!s are also fitte! with tees an! each 8oine! to the center 6i6e with 1G$=in. 6i6e flattene! on the inner en! an! fastene! with 2olts to a flange. The 2otto+ 6art of the cloth co<ering is hel! in 6lace 2y a 1G$=in. 6i6e% 2ent to the !esire! circle. *our 2races +a!e fro+ 1G$=in. 6i6e connect each s6o e an! seat to the flange on the center 6i6e. (n e5tra wheel 18 in. in !ia+eter is fitte! in 2etween two seats an! use! as the 6ro6elling wheel. This wheel has 2icycle cran s an! 6e!als an! carries a seat or a ho22y horse. The four seats are fastene! to the four 6i6es with 1G$=in. 6i6e cla+6s.

Details of the Swing S+all +iniature electric lights are fastene! to the o<erhea! 2races an! su66lie! with electric current carrie! through wires to the swing 2y an ingenious !e<ice attache! to the un!er si!e of the cast=iron ring or hu2 of the wheel. ( ring of fi2er on which two 2rass rings are attache! is fastene! to the hu2 an! connections are +a!e to the two rings through two 2rushes fastene! to the 6ost with a 2rac et. The wires run un!er the surface of the groun! outsi!e an! connecte! to the source of electricity. The wires fro+ the 2rass rings run through the center 6i6e to the to6 an! are connecte! to the la+6 soc ets. Old7T$!e M #$(7P *t V %&:/'

T8e D$- ))e *$"# Co$" %&:/' This is an unco++on tric % entirely ho+e=+a!e an! yet the results are as startling as in +any of the 6rofessional tric s. ( s+all 2a ing=6ow!er can is e+6loye! to <anish the coin% which shoul! 2e +ar e! 2y one of the au!ience for i!entification. .ut a slot in the 2otto+ on the si!e of the can% as shown in *ig. 1. This slot shoul! 2e 8ust large enough for the coin that is use! to 6ass through freely% an! to ha<e its lower e!ge on a le<el with the 2otto+ of the can. The nest or series of 2o5es in which the coin is afterwar!s foun! shoul! consist of four s+all siBe! flat 6aste2oar! 2o5es sJuare or rectangular sha6e! an! furnishe! with hinge! co<ers. The s+allest nee! 2e no larger than necessary to hol! the coin an! each succee!ing 2o5 shoul! 2e 8ust large enough to hol! the ne5t s+aller one which in turn contains the others. ( stri6 of tin a2out 1 2y 1='GI in. is 2ent in the sha6e as shown in *ig. $ to ser<e as a gui!e for the coin through the <arious 2o5es. This gui!e is inserte! a2out 1G8 in. in the s+allest 2o5 2etween the co<er an! the 2o5 an! three ru22er 2an!s wra66e! aroun! the 2o5 as in!icate!. This 2o5 is then enclose! in the ne5t larger 2o5% the gui!e 2eing allowe! to 6ro8ect 2etween the 2o5 an! the co<er% an! the necessary tension is secure! 2y three ru22er 2an!s aroun! the 2o5 as 2efore. In li e +anner the re+aining 2o5es are

(66liances for the Disa66earing .oin a!8uste! so that finally the 6re6are! nest of 2o5es a66ears as in *ig. '. The coin can easily 2e 6asse! into the inner 2o5 through the tin gui!e% then the gui!e can 2e with!rawn which 6er+its the res6ecti<e 2o5es to close an! the ru22er 2an!s hol! each one in a close! 6osition. The 6erfor+er co+es forwar! with the tin can in his right han!% the 2otto+ of the can in his 6al+ with the slot at the right si!e. He re+o<es the co<er with the left han! an! 6asses his wan! aroun! the inner 6art of the can which is then turne! u6si!e !own to 6ro<e that it contains nothing. The +ar e! coin is !ro66e! into the can 2y so+e one in the au!ience. The co<er is re6lace! an! the can sha en so the coin will rattle within. The sha ing of the can is continue! until the coin has sli66e! through the slot into his 6al+. The can is then 6lace! on the ta2le with his left han!. Then a66arently he loo s for so+ething to co<er the can. This is foun! to 2e a han! erchief which was 6re<iously 6re6are! on another ta2le concealing the nest of 2o5es. The coin in the right han! is Juic ly sli66e! into the gui!e of the nest of 2o5es% which was 6lace! in an u6right 6osition% an! the gui!e with!rawn% an! !ro66e! on the ta2le. The 6erfor+er% while !oing this% is e56laining that he is loo ing for a suita2le co<er for the can% 2ut as he cannot fin! one he ta es the han! erchief instea!. The han! erchief is s6rea! o<er the can an! then he 2rings the nest of 2o5es. He e56lains how he will transfer the coin an! 6asses his wan! fro+ the can to the 2o5es. The can is then shown to 2e e+6ty an! the 2o5es gi<en to one in the au!ience to 2e o6ene!. They will 2e greatly sur6rise! to fin! the +ar e! coin within the inner+ost 2o5. Ho3 to >ee) F$l! Ne# t$1e- %&:2' There are +any !e<ices for ta ing care of fil+ negati<es to ee6 the+ fro+ curling an! in a 6lace easily accessi2le. Herewith is illustrate! a +etho! 2y which anyone can

+a e a 6lace for the negati<es 6ro!uce! 2y his or her s6ecial fil+ ca+era. The !e<ice is +a!e u6 si+ilar to a 6ost car! al2u+ with 6laces cut through each leaf to a!+it each corner of the negati<es. The lea<es are +a!e fro+ white 6a6er an! when the negati<es are in 6lace the 6ictures +a!e on the+ can

/egati<es on Ehite 7a6er Bac groun! easily 2e seen through to the white 6a6er 2ac groun!. These lea<es can 2e +a!e u6 in regular 2oo for+% or tie! together si+ilar to a loose=leaf 2oo % thus a!!ing only such 6ages as the negati<es on han! will reJuire. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H. D. Har ins% St. 0ouis% Mo. Ho!e7M de M t(8 S 0e %&:2'

Details of the Match Safe .ut a 6iece of tin in the sha6e an! with the !i+ensions shown in *ig. 1. Ben! the saw=toothe! e!ges at right angles to the 6iece on the !otte! lines. Ben! the 6art that is +ar e! L=1G$ in. in a half circle. Ma e a circle '=1G$ in. in !ia+eter on another 6iece of tin% cut out the circle an! cut the !is in two as shown in *ig. $. These half circle 6ieces are sol!ere! to the si!es of the teeth of the half circle +a!e in the long 6iece of tin. De+o<e one en! fro+ the insi!e 2o5 containing +atches an! sli6 the 2ac of the +atch safe through 2etween the 2otto+ of the insi!e 2o5 an! the o6en en! 2o5 that for+s the co<er. The +atches will fall into the half circle tray at the lower en! of the 2o5 which will 2e e6t full of +atches until they are all use! fro+ the 2o5. == .ontri2ute! 2y .. *. Ehite% Den<er% .olo. A" Ele(t*$( Po-t C *d P*oFe(to* %&:5' ( 6ost car! 6ro8ector is an instru+ent for 6ro8ecting on a screen in a !ar ene! roo+ 6icture 6ost car!s or any other 6ictures of a si+ilar siBe. The lantern !iffers fro+ the or!inary +agic lantern in two featuresH first% it reJuires no e56ensi<e con!ensing lens% an! secon!% the o28ects to 2e 6ro8ecte! ha<e no nee! of 2eing trans6arent. Two electric glo2es are +a!e to cast the strongest 6ossi2le light on the 6icture car! set 2etween the+ an! in front of which a lens is 6lace! to 6ro8ect the <iew on the screen% the whole 2eing enclose! in a light=tight 2o5. The 2o5 can 2e +a!e of selecte! oa or

+ahogany. The lens to 2e use! as a 6ro8ector will !eter+ine the siBe of the 2o5 to so+e e5tent. The +easure+ents gi<en in these instructions are for a lens of a2out L in. focal length. The 2o5 shoul! 2e constructe! of well seasone! woo! an! all 8oints +a!e with care so they will 2e light=tight. The 6ortion shown carrying the lens in *ig. 1 is +a!e to sli!e in the +ain 2o!y of the lantern for focusing. ( 2o5 shoul! first 2e +a!e L=1G$ in. wi!e% L=1G$ in. high an! 11 in. long. ( hole is cut in the 2ac of the 2o5 I 2y ) in. re6resente! 2y the !otte! line in *ig. $. This will 2e 'GI in. fro+ the to6 an! 2otto+ an! $=1G$ in. fro+ each en! of the outsi!e of the 2o5. Two stri6s of woo! 1G$ in. wi!e an! )=1G$ in. long are fastene! along the to6 an! 2otto+ of the 2ac . The !oor co<ering this hole in the 2ac % an!% which is also use! as a carrier for the 6ost car!s% is +a!e fro+ a 2oar! I=1G$ in. wi!e an! )=1G$ in. long. The !oor is hinge! to the lower stri6 an! hel! in 6osition 2y a turn 2utton on the u66er stri6. The sli!es for the 6icture car!s are +a!e fro+ stri6s of tin 2ent as shown% an! tac e! to the insi!e surface of the !oor. The runners to hol! the 6art carrying the lens are two 6ieces $=1GI in. wi!e 2y L in. long an! shoul! 2e 6lace! <ertically% ((% as shown in *ig. 1% '=1G$ in. fro+ each en!. (n o6en s6ace I in. wi!e an! L in. high in the center is for the 6art carrying the lens to sli!e for focusing. The 6art carrying the lens is a shallow 2o5 I 2y L in. an! $ in. !ee6 in the center of which a hole is cut to a!+it the lens. If a ca+era lens is use!% the flange shoul! 2e fastene! with screws to the front 6art of this shallow 2o5. The si!es of this 2o5 shoul! 2e +a!e Juite s+ooth an! a goo!% 2ut not tight% fit into the runners. 7lu+2ago can 2e ru22e! on to 6re<ent stic ing an! to !ull any rays of light.

Details of the 7ost .ar! 0antern Two eyless rece6tacles for electric glo2es are fastene! to the un!er si!e of the to6 in the 6osition shown an! connecte! with wires fro+ the outsi!e. Two or three holes a2out 1 in. in !ia+eter shoul! 2e 2ore! in the to6 2etween an! in a line with the lights. These will 6ro<i!e <entilation to ee6 the 6ictures fro+ 2eing scorche! or 2eco+ing 2uc le! fro+ the e5cessi<e heat. The holes +ust 2e co<ere! o<er on the to6 with a 6iece of +etal or woo! to 6re<ent the light fro+ showing on the ceiling. This 6iece shoul! not 2e +ore than 1G$ in. high an! +ust

7ost .ar! 0antern .o+6lete 2e colore! !ea! 2lac insi!e to cause no reflection. The reflectors are +a!e of sheet tin or nic el=6late! +etal 2ent to a cur<e as shown% an! e5ten!ing the whole height of the lantern. The length of these reflectors can 2e !eter+ine! 2y the angle of the lens when co<ering the 6icture. This is clearly shown 2y the !otte! lines in *ig. 1. The reflectors +ust not interfere with the light 2etween the 6icture an! the lens% 2ut they +ust 2e sufficiently large to 6re<ent any !irect light reaching the lens fro+ the la+6s. In o6eration 6lace the 6ost car! u6si!e !own in the sli!es an! close the !oor. Sli!ing the shallow 2o5 carrying the lens will focus the 6icture on the screen. A H "d< C le"d * %&:6' NThirty !ays hath Se6te+2er% (6ril% June an! /o<e+2er%N etc.% an! +any other rhy+es an! !e<ices are use! to ai! the +e+ory to !eci!e how +any !ays are in each +onth of the year. Herewith is illustrate! a <ery si+6le +etho! to !eter+ine the nu+2er of !ays in any +onth. 7lace the first finger of your right han! on the first nuc le of your left han!% calling that nuc le JanuaryH then !ro6 your finger into the !e6ression 2etween the first an! secon! nuc les% calling this *e2ruaryH then the secon! nuc le will 2e March% an! so on% until you reach July on the nuc le of the little finger% then 2egin o<er again with (ugust on the first nuc le an! continue until Dece+2er is reache!. #ach +onth as it falls u6on a nuc le will ha<e '1 !ays an! those !own 2etween the nuc les '0 !ays with the e5ce6tion of *e2ruary which has only $8 !ays. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .has. .. Bra!ley% Eest Tole!o% ,hio.

The Fnuc les Designate the '1 Day Months T8e F4!$"# o0 O , %&:6' Dar ene! oa always has a 2etter a66earance when fu+e! with a++onia. This 6rocess is rather a !ifficult one% as it reJuires an airtight case% 2ut the !escri6tion herewith gi<en +ay 2e entere! into with as large a case as the 2uil!er cares to construct. ,a articles can 2e treate! in a case +a!e fro+ a tin 2iscuit 2o5% or any other +etal rece6tacle of goo! 6ro6ortions% 6ro<i!e! it is airtight. The oa to 2e fu+e! is arrange! in the 2o5 so the fu+es will entirely surroun! the 6ieceH the article +ay 2e 6ro66e! u6

with s+all stic s% or sus6en!e! 2y a string. The chief 6oint is to see that no 6art of the woo! is co<ere! u6 an! that all surfaces are e56ose! to the fu+es. ( saucer of a++onia is 6lace! in the 2otto+ of the 2o5% the li! or co<er close!% an! all 8oints seale! u6 2y 6asting hea<y 2rown 6a6er o<er the+. (ny lea age will 2e !etecte! if the nose is 6lace! near the tin an! farther a66lication of the 6a6er will sto6 the holes. ( hole +ay 2e cut in the co<er an! a 6iece of glass fitte! in% ta ing care to ha<e all the e!ges close!. The 6rocess +ay 2e watche! through the glass an! the article re+o<e! when the oa is fu+e! to the !esire! sha!e. Eoo! staine! in this +anner shoul! not 2e *rench 6olishe! or <arnishe!% 2ut wa5e!. The 6rocess of wa5ing is si+6le4 .ut so+e 2eeswa5 into fine shre!s an! 6lace the+ in a s+all 6ot or 8ar. 7our in a little tur6entine% an! set asi!e for half a !ay% gi<ing it an occasional stir. The wa5 +ust 2e thoroughly !issol<e! an! then +ore tur6entine a!!e! until the 6re6aration has the consistency of a thic crea+. This can 2e a66lie! to the woo! with a rag an! afterwar! 2rushe! u6 with a stiff 2rush. Ho3 to M ,e " Ele(t*ol<t$( Re(t$0$e* %&:7'

#lectrolytic Dectifier an! .onnections Many !e<ices which will change alternating current to a !irect current ha<e 2een 6ut on the +ar et% 2ut 6ro2a2ly there is not one of the+ which suits the a+ateurCs nee!s an! 6oc et2oo 2etter than the electrolytic rectifier. *or the construction of such a rectifier four $=Jt. fruit 8ars are reJuire!. In each 6lace two electro!es% one of lea! an! one of alu+inu+. The i++erse! surface of the alu+inu+ shoul! 2e a2out 1L sJ. in. an! the lea! $I sJ. in. The i++erse! surface of the lea! 2eing greater than that of the alu+inu+% the lea! will ha<e to 2e cri+6e! as shown in *ig% 1. In 2oth *ig. 1 an! $% the lea! is in!icate! 2y 0 an! the alu+inu+ 2y (. The solution with which each 8ar is to 2e fille! consists of the following4 Eater So!iu+ .ar2onate (lu+ $ Jt. $ ta2les6oonfuls ' ta2les6oonfuls

.are shoul! 2e ta en to lea<e the connections +a!e as shown in *ig. $. The alternating current co+es in on the wires as shown% an! the !irect current is ta en fro+ the 6oint in!icate!. The ca6acity of this rectifier is fro+ ' to L a+6eres% which is sufficient for charging s+all storage 2atteries% running s+all +otors an! lighting s+all la+6s. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. H. .rawfor!% Schenecta!y% /. -. T8e Roll$"# M *.le %&:7' Ta e a +ar2le an! 6lace it on a s+ooth surface% The to6 of a ta2le will !o. (s so+eone to cross their first an! secon! fingers an! 6lace the+ on the +ar2le as shown in the illustration. Then ha<e the 6erson roll the +ar2le a2out an! at the sa+e ti+e close the eyes or loo in another !irection. The 6erson will i+agine that there are two +ar2les instea! of one.

A G - C ""o" %&:7' If you ha<e a s+all cannon with a 2ore of 1 or 1=1G$ in.% 2ore out the fuse hole large enough to ta6 an! fit in a s+all siBe! s6ar 6lug such as use! on a gasoline engine. *ill the cannon with gas fro+ a gas 8et an! then 6ush a

9as .annon 0oa!e! cor in the 2ore close u6 to the s6ar 6lug. .onnect one of the wires fro+ a 2attery to a s6ar coil an! then to the s6ar 6lug. (ttach the other wire to the cannon near the s6ar 6lug. Turn the switch to +a e a s6ar an! a lou! re6ort will follow. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .yril Tegner% .le<elan!% ,. Old7T$!e M #$(7P *t VI %&:8' ( Han! erchief Men!e! after Being .ut an! Torn Two 6ersons are reJueste! to co+e forwar! fro+ the au!ience to hol! the four corners of a han! erchief. Then 2eg se<eral other han! erchiefs fro+ the au!ience an! 6lace the+ on the one hel! 2y the two 6ersons. Ehen se<eral han! erchiefs ha<e 2een accu+ulate!% ha<e so+e one 6erson !raw out one fro+ the 2unch an! e5a+ine for any +ar s that will !eter+ine that this han! erchief is the one to 2e +en!e! after 2eing +utilate!. He% as well as others% are to cut off 6ieces fro+ this han! erchief an! to finally tear it to 6ieces. The 6ieces are then all collecte! an! so+e +agic s6irits thrown o<er the torn an! cut 6artsH tie the+ in a s+all 6ac age with a ri22on an! 6ut the+ un!er a glass% which you war+ with your han!s. (fter a few secon!sC ti+e% you re+o<e the glass% as you ha<e hel! it all the ti+e% an! ta e the han! erchief an! unfol! itH e<eryone will recogniBe the +ar an! 2e a+aBe! not to fin! a cut or tear in the te5ture. This tric is <ery si+6le. -ou ha<e an un!erstan!ing with so+e one in the co+6any% who has two han! erchiefs e5actly ali e an! has gi<en one of the+ to a 6erson 2ehin! the curtainH he throws the other% at the ti+e of reJuest for han! erchiefs% on the han!= erchiefs hel! for use in the 6erfor+ance of the tric . -ou +anage to ee6 this han! erchief where it will 2e 6ic e! out in 6reference to the others% although 6reten!ing to thoroughly +i5 the+ u6. The 6erson selecte! to 6ic out a han! erchief naturally will

ta e the han!iest one. Be sure that this is the right one. Ehen the han! erchief has 2een torn an! fol!e!% 6ut it un!er the glass% on a ta2le% near a 6artition or curtain. The ta2le shoul! 2e +a!e with a hole cut through the to6 an! a s+all tra6 !oor fitte! snugly in the hole% so it will a66ear to 2e a 6art of the ta2le to6. This tra6 !oor is hinge! on the un!er si!e an! o6ens into the !rawer of the ta2le an! can 2e o6erate! 2y the 6erson 2ehin! the curtain who will re+o<e the torn han! erchief an! re6lace it with the goo! one an! then close the tra6 !oor 2y reaching through the !rawer of the ta2le. T8e M #$( >"ot %&:8' This is a <ery a+using tric which consists of tying one not with two en!s of a han! erchief% an! 6ulling the

Tying an! 1ntying a Fnot en!s only to untie the+ again. Ta e the two !iagonal corners of a han! erchief% one in each han! an! throw the +ain 6art of the han! erchief o<er the wrist of the left han! an! tie the not as shown in the illustration. 7ull the en!s Juic ly% allowing the loo6 o<er the left han! to sli6 freely% an! you will ha<e the han! erchief without any not. A Good Mo4-e T* ) %&:8' Ehen o6ening a to+ato or other s+all can% cut the co<er crossways fro+ si!e to si!e +a ing four triangular 6ieces in the to6. Ben! the four en!s outwar! an! re+o<e the contents% wash clean an! !ry an! then 2en! the four en!s inwar!% lea<ing a hole a2out 'GI in. in !ia+eter in the center. Dro6 in a 6iece of 2rea! an! lay the can !own u6on its si!e an! the tra6 is rea!y for use. The +ouse can get in 2ut he cannot get out.== .ontri2ute! 2y #. J. .roc er% Victor% .olo. F$"$-8$"# Al4!$"4! %&:8' Du22ing the surface of an alu+inu+ 6late with a steel 2rush will 6ro!uce a satin finish. Ho3 to M ,e S $l$"# C "oe %&::'

( can<as canoe is easily +a!e an! light to han!le% 2ut in +a ing one% it +ust 2e re+e+2ere! that the cloth will tear% if any snags are encountere!. Therefore such a craft cannot 2e use! in all waters% 2ut 2y 2eing careful at shores% it can 2e use! as safely as an or!inary sailing canoe. Be sure to select the 2est +aterials an! when co+6lete co<er the sea+s well with 6aint.

.o+6lete! Sailing .anoe The +aterials necessary for the construction of a sailing canoe% as illustrate! in the engra<ing% are as follows4 1 eelson% 1 in. 2y 8 in. 2y 1L ft.% selecte! 6ine. 1I ri2 2an!s% 1 in. sJuare 2y 1) ft.% clear 6ine. $ gunwales% 1 in. 2y $ in. 2y 1) ft. 1 6iece for for+s an! 2ow 6ieces% 1 in. 2y 1$ in. 2y 10 ft. I outwales% 1GI in. 2y $ in. 2y 1) ft. 1 6iece% ' in. wi!e an! 1$ ft. long% for coc 6it fra+e. 1 6iece% $ in. wi!e an! 1$ ft. long% for center !ec 2races. 11 y!. of 1=1G$=y!. wi!e 1$=oB. !uc ing. 8 y!. of 1=y!. wi!e un2leache! +uslin. L0 ft. of ro6e. 1 +ast% & ft. long. 7aint% screws an! cleats. The eelson% *ig. 1% is 1I ft. long% 8 in. wi!e in the center an! ta6ere! !own fro+ a 6oint I ft. fro+ each en! to 1 in. at the en!s. Both en!s are +ortise!% one ) in. for the stern 6iece% an! the other 1$ in. for the 2ow. Be sure to get the 2ow an! stern 6ieces !irectly in the +i!!le of the eelson an! at right angles with the to6 e!ge. The stern an! 2ow 6ieces are cut as shown in *ig. $ an! 2race! with an iron 2an!% 1G8 in. thic an! 'GI in. wi!e% !rille! an! fastene! with screws. Stu!y the s etches showing the !etails well 2efore starting to cut out the 6ieces. Then there will 2e no trou2le e56erience! later in 6utting the 6arts together. See that all the 6ieces fit their 6laces as the wor 6rocee!s an! a66ly the can<as with care. Two for+s are +a!e as shown in *igs. ' an! IH the s+aller is 6lace! ' ft. fro+ the 2ow an! the large one% 7 ft. ' in. fro+ the stern. The larger +oul! is use! te+6orarily while +a ing the 2oat% an! is re+o<e! after the ri2s are in 6lace. The gunwales are now 6lace! o<er the for+s an! in the notches shown% an! fastene! with screws% an!% after cutting the en!s to fit the 2ow an! stern 6ieces% they are fastene! with 2olts 6ut through the three 6ieces. The shar6 e!ges on one si!e of each ri2=2an! are re+o<e! an! se<en of the+ fastene! with screws to each si!e of the +oul!s% s6acing the+ on the large +oul! I in. a6art. The ri2s are +a!e of $8 goo! 2arrel hoo6s

Details of a Ho+e=Ma!e Sailing .anoe which shoul! 2e well soa e! in water for se<eral hours 2efore 2en!ing the+ in sha6e. These are 6ut in ) in. a6art an! are fastene! to the ri2=2an!s with 7G8=in. woo! screws. The ri2s shoul! 2e 6ut in straight an! true to ee6 the+ fro+ 6ulling the ri2=2an!s out of sha6e. (fter the ri2s are in 6lace an! fastene! to the ri2=2an!s% gunwales an! eelson% 6ut on the outwale stri6s an! fasten the+ to the gunwales 2etween e<ery ri2 with 1=1G$=in. screws. Before +a ing the !ec % a 2loc for the +ast to rest in +ust 2e +a!e an! fastene! to the eelson. This 2loc % *ig. L% is a cu2e ha<ing si!es ) in. sJuare an! is e6t fro+ s6litting 2y an iron 2an! tightly fitte! aroun! the outsi!e. The 2loc is fastene! to the eelson% '=1G$ ft. fro+ the 2ow% with 2olts through countersun holes fro+ the un!er si!e. There are three !ec 2races +a!e as shown in *igs. )% 7 an! 8. Braces% *igs. ) an! 7% for+ the en!s of the coc 6it which is $0 in. wi!e. ( )=in. 2oar! is fitte! into the +ortises shown in these 6iecesH a center 6iece is fitte! in the other +ortises. The other !ec 2races slo6e !own fro+ the center 6iece an! are 6lace! ) in. a6art. They are 1 in. sJuare an! are +ortise! into the center 6iece an! fastene! to the gunwales with screws. The +ain !ec 2races are fastene! to the gunwales with I=in. corner 2races an! to the center 6iece with $=in. corner 2races. The +ast hole on the !ec is +a!e as follows4 Secure a 6iece of 6ine 1 in. thic % ) in. wi!e an! ' ft. long. .ut this in hal<es an! +ortise for the cen= ter 6iece in the two hal<es an! fasten to the gunwales. ( 2loc of 6ine% I in. thic an! 1$ in. long% is cut to fit un!er the to6 2oar!s% *ig. &% an! fastene! to the+ with 2olts. Eith an e56ansi<e 2it 2ore a hole ' in. in !ia+eter through the 2loc . Be sure to get the 2loc an! hole !irectly o<er the 2loc that is fastene! to the eelson. 7ut on a coat of 2oile! linsee! oil all o<er the fra+e 2efore 6rocee!ing farther. 7utting on the can<as +ay 2e a !ifficult 6iece of wor to !o% yet if the following si+6le !irections are followe! out no trou2le will 2e encountere!. The 11=y!. length of can<as is cut in the center% !ou2le!% an! a sea+ +a!e 8oining the two 6ieces together. *ill the sea+ with thic 6aint an! tac it !own with co66er tac s along the center of the eelson. Ehen this is well tac e! co++ence stretching an! 6ulling the can<as in the +i!!le of the gunwales so as to +a e it as e<en an! tight as 6ossi2le an! wor towar! each en!% tac ing the can<as as it is stretche! to the outsi!e of the gunwale. Sea+ the can<as along the stern an! 2ow 6ieces as was !one on the eelson. The !ec is not so har! to !o% 2ut 2e careful to get the can<as tight an! e<en. ( sea+ shoul! 2e +a!e along the center 6iece. The tri++ing is woo!% 1GI in. thic an! 1G$ in. wi!e. ( stri6 of this is naile! along the center 6iece o<er the can<as. The outwales are naile! on o<er the can<as. ( 6iece of oa % 1 in. thic 1=1G$ in. wi!e an! 1I in. long% is fastene! with screws o<er the can<as on the stern 6ieceH also% a 6iece 1GI in. thic % 1 in. wi!e an! $I in. long is well soa e! in water% 2ent to the right sha6e an! fastene! o<er the can<as on the 2ow.

The ru!!er is +a!e as shown in *ig. 10 with a +o<a2le han!le. ( stri6 1 in. thic 2y $ in. wi!e% is 2olte! to the eelson o<er the can<as for the outer eel. The eel% *ig. 11% is ) in. wi!e at one en! an! 1$ in. at the other% which is fastene! to the outer eel with 2olts ha<ing thu+2 nuts. The +ast can 2e +a!e of a young s6ruce tree ha<ing a !ia+eter of ' in. at the 2ase with sufficient height to +a e it & ft. long. The canoe is !ri<en 2y a lanteen sail an! two curtain 6oles% each 1 in. in !ia+eter an! 10 ft. long% are use! for the 2oo+ an! gaff% which are hel! together with two 6ieces of iron 2ent as shown in *ig. 1$. The sail is a triangle% &='GI 2y &='GI 2y 8=1G$ ft. which is hel! to the 2oo+ an! gaff 2y cor! lacings run through eyelets inserte! in the +uslin. The eyelets are of 2rass 6lace! I in. a6art in the +uslin. The +ast has two si!e an! one front stay% each fitte! with a turn2uc le for tightening. ( 6ulley is 6lace! at the to6 an! 2otto+ of the +ast for the lift ro6e. The sail is hel! to the +ast 2y an iron ring an! the lift ro6e at the to6 of the +ast. The 2oo+ ro6e is hel! in the han! an! se<eral cleats shoul! 2e 6lace! in the coc 6it for con<enience. ( choc is 6lace! at the 2ow for tying u6 to 6iers. Se<eral coats of goo! 6aint co+6lete the 2oat. ==.ontri2ute! 2y ,. #. Tronnes% Eil= +ette% Ill. A Ho!e7M de H "d V$-e %+0&' ( <ery useful little han! <ise can easily 2e +a!e fro+ a hinge an! a 2olt carrying a wing nut. 9et a fast

Han! Vise Ma!e fro+ a Hinge 8oint hinge a2out $ in. or +ore long an! a 2olt a2out 1G$ in. long that will fit the holes in the hinge. 7ut the 2olt through the +i!!le hole of the hinge an! re6lace the nut as shown in the !rawing. Eith this !e<ice any s+all o28ect +ay 2e fir+ly hel! 2y si+6ly 6lacing it 2etween the si!es of the hinge an! tightening the nut. P*o)e* De-$#" 0o* B$*d Ho4-e %+0&'

This 2ir! house was !esigne! an! 2uilt to +a e a ho+e for the (+erican +artin. The house will acco++o!ate $0 fa+ilies. (ll the holes are arrange! so they will not 2e o6en to the col! win!s fro+ the north which often ill the 2ir!s which co+e in the early s6ring. (roun! each o6ening is an e5tra ring of woo! to +a e a longer 6assage which assists the +artin insi!e in fighting off the #nglish s6arrow who tries to !ri<e hi+ out. The holes are +a!e o<al to allow all the little ones to get their hea!s out for fresh air. The long o<erhanging ea<es 6rotect the little 2ir!s fro+ the hot su++er sun.

The roo+s are +a!e u6 with 6artitions on the insi!e so each o6ening will ha<e a roo+. The insi!e of the roo+s shoul! 2e staine! 2lac .

Boo!e* "#- "d Ho3 to M ,e T8e! %+0+' ( 2oo+erang is a wea6on in<ente! an! use! 2y the nati<e (ustralians% who see+e! to ha<e the least intelligence of any race of +an in!. The

Details of Three Boo+erangs 2oo+erang is a cur<e! stic of har!woo!% *ig. 1% a2out LG1) in. thic % $=1G$ in. wi!e an! $ ft. long% flat on one si!e% with the en!s an! the other si!e roun!ing. ,ne en! of the stic is gras6e! in one han! with the con<e5 e!ge forwar! an! the flat si!e u6 an! thrown u6war!. (fter going so+e !istance an! ascen!ing slowly to a great height in the air with a Juic rotary +otion% it su!!enly returns in an elli6tical or2it to a s6ot near the starting 6oint. If thrown !own on the groun! the 2oo+erang re2oun!s in a straight line% 6ursuing a ricochet +otion until the o28ect is struc at which it was thrown. Two other ty6es of 2oo+erangs are illustrate! herewith an! they can 2e +a!e as !escri2e!. The +aterials necessary for the T=sha6e! 2oo+erang are4 ,ne 6iece of har! +a6le LG1) in. thic % $=1G$ in. wi!e% an! ' ft. longH fi<e 1G$=in. flat=hea!e! screws. .ut the 6iece of har! +a6le into two 6ieces% one 11=1G$ in. an! the other 18 in. long. The corners are cut fro+ these 6ieces as shown in *ig. $% ta ing care to cut e5actly the sa+e a+ount fro+ each corner. Be<el 2oth si!es of the 6ieces% +a ing the e!ges <ery thin so they will cut the air 2etter. *in! the e5act center of the long 6iece an! +a e a line 1=1GI in. on each si!e of the center an! fasten the short length 2etween the lines with the screws as shown in *ig. '. The short 6iece shoul! 2e fastene! 6erfectly sJuare an! at right angles to the long one. The +aterials necessary for the cross=sha6e! 2oo+erang are one 6iece har! +a6le LG1) in. thic % $ in. wi!e an! '0 in. long an! fi<e 1G$=in. flat hea!e! screws. .ut the +a6le= into two 1I=in. 6ieces an! 6lane the e!ges of these 6ieces so the en!s will 2e 1=1G$ in. wi!e% as shown in *ig. I. Be<el these 6ieces the sa+e as the ones for the T= sha6e! 2oo+erang. The two 6ieces are fastene! together as shown in *ig. L. (ll of the 2oo+erangs when co+6lete! shoul! 2e gi<en se<eral coats of linsee! oil an! thoroughly !rie!. This will ee6 the woo! fro+ a2sor2ing water an! 2eco+ing hea<y. The last two 2oo+erangs are thrown in a si+ilar way to the first one% e5ce6t that one of the 6ieces is gras6e! in the han! an! the throw gi<en with a Juic un!erhan! +otion. ( little 6ractice is all that is necessary for one to 2eco+e s illful in throwing the+. ==.ontri2ute! 2y ,. #. Tronnes% Eil+ette% Ill. Ho3 to M ,e W te* W$"#- %+0+' 7urchase a 6iece of un2leache! +uslin% 1 y!. sJuare. Ta e this an! fol! it o<er

once% for+ing a !ou2le 6iece 1=1G$ ft. wi!e an! ' ft. long. Ma e a !ou2le stitch all aroun! the e!ge% lea<ing a s+all o6ening at one corner. Insert a 6iece of ta6e at this corner to 2e use! for tying aroun! the o6ening when the 2ag is 2lown u6. The 2ag is then turne! insi!e out% soa e! with water an! 2lown u6. (n occasional wetting all o<er will 6re<ent it fro+ lea ing. (s these wings are <ery large they will 6re<ent the swi++er fro+ sin ing. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. .. Bliss% St. 0ouis% Mo. Ho3 to M ,e " A!!ete* %+0/' The outsi!e case of this instru+ent is +a!e of woo! ta en fro+ ol! cigar 2o5es with the e5ce6tion of the 2ac . If carefully an! neatly +a!e% the finishe! instru+ent will 2e <ery satisfactory. The +easure+ents here gi<en nee! not 2e strictly followe! out% 2ut can 2e go<erne! 2y circu+stances. The case shoul! first 2e +a!e an! <ar= nishe! an! while this is !rying% the +echanical 6arts can 2e 6ut together.

Details of an (++eter The 2ac is a 2oar! 'G8 in. thic % )=1G$ in. wi!e an! )='GI in. long. The outer e!ges of this 2oar! are cha+fere!. The other 6arts of the case are +a!e fro+ the cigar 2o5 woo! which shoul! 2e well san!6a6ere! to re+o<e the la2els. The si!es are '=1GI in. wi!e an! L in. longH the to6 an! 2otto+% '=1GI in. wi!e an! I=1G$ in. long. 9lue a three cornere! 6iece% (% *ig. 1% at each en! on the surface that is to 2e the insi!e of the to6 an! 2otto+ 6ieces. (fter the glue% is set% fasten the si!es to the 6ieces with glue% an! ta e care that the 6ieces are all sJuare. Ehen the glue is set% this sJuare 2o5 is well san!6a6ere!% then centere!% an! fastene! to the 2ac with s+all screws turne! into each three=cornere! 6iece. The front% which is a 6iece L=1GI in. wi!e an! )=1G$ in. long% has a circular o6ening cut near the to6 through which the gra!uate! scale +ay 2e seen. This front is centere! an! fastene! the sa+e as the 2ac % an! the four outsi!e e!ges% as well as the e!ges aroun! the o6ening% are roun!e!. The whole case can now 2e cleane! an! staine! with a light +ahogany stain an! <arnishe!. .ut another 6iece of 2oar!% B% *igs. $ an! '% to 8ust fit insi!e the case an! rest on the en!s of the three=cornere! 6ieces% (% an! glue to this 2oar! two s+aller 6ieces% .% ' in. sJuare% with the grain of the woo! in alternate !irections to 6re<ent war6ing. (ll of these 6ieces are +a!e of the cigar 2o5 woo!. (nother 6iece% D% 'G8 in. thic an! ' in. sJuare% is 6lace! on the other 6ieces an! a 1= sha6e! o6ening 1='GI in. wi!e an! $=1G$ in. high sawe! out fro+ all of the 6ieces as shown. The 6iece D is attache! to the 6ieces . with four 1G$=in. 6ieces $=LG8 in. long. ( +agnet is +a!e fro+ a soft 6iece of iron% #% a2out 'G8 in. thic % 1=1GI in. wi!e an! $='GI in. long. Sol!er across each en! of the iron a 6iece of 2rass wire% *% an! +a e a turn in each en! of the wires% for+ing an eye for a screw. These wires are a2out $=1G$ in. long. Ein! three layers of a2out /o. 1I !ou2le cotton=co<ere! co66er wire on the soft iron an! lea<e a2out L or ) in. of each en! unwoun! for connections. The 6ointer is +a!e as shown in *ig. L fro+ 1G1)=in. 2rass wire file! to +a e a 6oint at 2oth en!s for a s6in!le. (2out 1G$ in. fro+ each en! of this wire are sol!ere! two s+aller 2rass wires which in turn are sol!ere! to a stri6 of light tin 1GI in. wi!e

an! $=LG8 in. long. The lower e!ge of this tin shoul! 2e a2out 1G$ in. fro+ the s6in!le. The 6ointer is sol!ere! to the s6in!le 1GI in. fro+ one en!. (ll of these 6arts shoul! 2e 2rass with the e5ce6tion of the stri6 of tin. (nother stri6 of tin% the sa+e siBe as the first% is sol!ere! to two 2rass wires as shown in *ig. I. These wires shoul! 2e a2out 1 in. long. The s6in!le of the 6ointer swings freely 2etween two 2ars of 2rass% 9% 1G1) in. thic % 1GI in. wi!e an! $=1G$ in. long. ( s+all hole is countersun in one of the 2ars to recei<e one en! of the s6in!le an! a hole 1G8 in. in !ia+eter is !rille! in the other an! a thu+2 nut ta en fro+ the 2in!ing=6ost of an ol! 2attery sol!ere! o<er the hole so the screw will 6ass through when turne! into the nut. The en! of the screw is countersun to recei<e the other en! of the s6in!le. ( loc nut is necessary to fasten the screw when 6ro6er a!8ust+ent is secure!. ( hole is !rille! in 2oth en!s of the 2ars for screws to fasten the+ in 6lace. The 2ar with the a!8usting screw is fastene! on the 2ac so it can 2e rea!ily a!8uste! through the hole H% 2ore! in the 2ac . The 6ointer is 2ent so it will 6ass through the 1=sha6e! cut=out an! u6 2ac of the 2oar! B. ( 2rass 6in is !ri<en in the 2oar! B to hol! the 6ointer fro+ !ro66ing !own too far to the left. 7lace the tin% *ig. I% so it will 8ust clear the tin% *ig. L% an! fasten in 6lace. The +agnet is ne5t 6lace! with the en!s of the coil to the 2ac an! the to6 8ust clearing the tin stri6s. Two 2in!ing screws are fitte! to the 2otto+ of the 2ac an! connecte! to the e5ten!ing wires fro+ the coil. The instru+ent is now rea!y for cali2rating. This is !one 2y connecting it in series with another stan!ar! a++eter which has the scale +ar e! in nown Juantities. In this series is also connecte! a <aria2le resistance an! a 2attery or so+e other source of current su66ly. The resistance is now a!8uste! to show .L a+6ere on the stan!ar! a++eter an! the 6osition of the 6ointer +ar e! on the scale. .hange your resistance to all 6oints an! +a e the nu+2ers until the entire scale is co+6lete. Ehen the current flows through the coil% the two tinne! stri6s of +etal are +agnetiBe!% an! 2eing +agnetiBe! 2y the sa+e lines of force they are 2oth of the sa+e 6olarity. 0i e 6oles re6el each other% an! as the 6art *ig. I is not +o<a2le% the 6art carrying the 6ointer +o<es away. The stronger the current% the greater the +agnetis+ of the +etal stri6s% an! the farther a6art they will 2e force!% showing a greater !efection of the 6ointer. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eorge Hei+roth% Dich+on! Hill% 0. I. Ho3 to M ,e " E=4 to*$ l %+02' .on!ense! fro+ article contri2ute! 2y J. D. .ha6+an% *.D.(.S. (ustwic Hall. E. -or shire. #nglan! This star fin!er can easily 2e +a!e 2y anyone who can use a few tools as the 6arts are all woo! an! the only lathe wor necessary is the turne! shoul!er on the 6olar a5is an! this coul! 2e !resse! an! san!6a6ere! true enough for the 6ur6ose. The 2ase is a 2oar! L in. wi!e an! & in. long which is fitte! with an or!inary woo! screw in each corner for le<eling. Two si!e 6ieces cut with an angle eJual to the colatitu!e of the 6lace are naile! to the 2ase an! on to6 of the+ is fastene! another 2oar! on which is +ar e! the hour circle as shown. The en! of the 6olar a5is B% that has the en! turne! with a shoul!er% is fitte! in a hole 2ore! in the center of the hour circle. The 6olar a5is B is secure! to the 2oar! with a woo!en collar an! a 6in un!erneath. The u66er en! of the 6olar a5is is fitte! with a 1GI=in. 2oar!% .% L=1G$ in. in !ia+eter. ( thin co+6ass car! !i<i!e! into !egrees is fitte! on the e!ge of this !is for the !eclination circle. The hour circle ( is half of a si+ilar car! with the hour +ar s !i<i!e! into $0 +inutes. (n in!e5 6ointer is fastene! to the 2ase of the 6olar a5is. ( 6ointer 1$ in. long is fastene! with a s+all 2olt to the center of the !eclination circle. ( s+all o6ening is +a!e in the 6ointer into which an or!inary nee!le is inserte!. This nee!le is a!8uste! to the !egree to set the 6ointer in !eclination an! when set% the 6ointer is cla+6e! with the 2olt at the center. ( 2rass tu2e ha<ing a 1GI=in. hole is fastene! to the 6ointer. The first thing to !o is to get a true / an! S +eri!ian +ar . This can 2e a66ro5i+ately o2taine! 2y a goo! co+6ass% an! allowance +a!e for the +agnetic !eclination at your own 6lace. Secure a sla2 of stone or so+e other soli! flat surface% le<el this an! ha<e it fir+ly fi5e! facing !ue south with a line !rawn through the center

an! 6ut the eJuatorial on the surface with OII on the south en! of the line. Then set the 6ointer D to the !eclination of the o28ect% say Venus at the !ate of o2ser<ation. -ou now want to now if this 6lanet is east or west of your +eri!ian at the ti+e of o2ser<ation. The following for+ula will show how this +ay 2e foun!. To fin! a celestial o28ect 2y eJuatorial4 *in! the 6lanet Venus May $1% 1881% at & hr. 10 +in. (. M. Su2tract right ascension of 6lanet fro+ the ti+e shown 2y the cloc % thus4 & hr. 10 +in. shows +ean si!erial. (!! 1$ hrs Dight ascension of Venus Set hour circle to 2efore +eri!ian (gain================== (t 1 hr. '0 +in. +ean cloc shows Dight ascension of Venus Set hour circle to hour 1 1$ === 1' $ === 10 L $ === ' +inute 0 === 10 === L0 $0 10 === 10 secon! 0 === === 0 0 0 === 0

Boo s +ay 2e foun! in li2raries that will gi<e the right ascension an! !eclination of +ost of the hea<enly 2o!ies. The foregoing ta2les assu+e that you ha<e a cloc rate! to si!erial ti+e%

Ho+e=Ma!e #Juatorial 2ut this is not a2solutely necessary. If you can o2tain the 6lanetCs !eclination on the !ay of o2ser<ation an! ascertain when it is !ue south% all you ha<e to !o is to set the 6ointer D 2y the nee!le 6oint an! note whether Venus has 6asse! your +eri!ian or not an! set your hour in!e5. There will 2e no !ifficulty in 6ic ing u6 Venus e<en in 2right sunlight when the 6lant is <isi2le to the na e! eye. Ele(t*$( L$#8t T4*"ed O" "d O00 0*o! D$00e*e"t Pl (e- %+05' How nice it woul! 2e to ha<e an electric light at the turn in a stairway% or at the to6 that coul! 2e turne! on 2efore starting u6 the stair an! on reaching the to6 turne! out% an! <ice

The Eiring Diagra+ <ersa when co+ing !own. The wiring !iagra+ as shown in the illustration will +a e this a 6leasant reality. This wiring +ay 2e a66lie! in nu+erous li e instances. The electric glo2e +ay 2e locate! at any !esire! 6lace an! the two 6oint switches are connecte! in series with the source of current as shown in the s etch. The light +ay 2e turne! on or off at either one of the switches. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Do2ert E. Hall% /ew Ha<en% .onn. Ho3 to M ,e B4"-e" Cell %+06'

This in! of a cell 6ro!uces a high e.+.f. owing to the low internal resistance. 7rocure a glass 8ar such as use! for a gra<ity 2attery% or% if one of these cannot 2e ha!% get a glaBe! <essel of si+ilar construction. Ta e a 6iece of sheet Binc large enough so that when it is rolle! u6 in the sha6e of a cylin!er it will clear the e!ge of the 8ar 2y a2out 1G$ in. Sol!er a wire or 2in!ing=6ost to the e!ge of the cylin!er for a connection.

.ross Section an! .o+6lete! .ell Secure a s+all unglaBe! <essel to fit insi!e of the Binc% or such a rece6tacle as use! in a sal a++oniac cell% an! fill it with a strong solution of nitric aci!. *ill the outer 8ar with a solution of 1) 6arts water an! L 6arts sul6huric aci!. The connections are +a!e fro+ the Binc an! car2on. O)t$( l Ill4-$o" %+06' .an you tell which of these three figures is the tallestT Ma e a guess% an! then <erify its correctness 2y +easure+ent.

O"e W < to Coo, F$-8 %+06' ,ne of the 2est an! easiest ways of coo ing fish while out ca+6ing is tol! 2y a corres6on!ent of *orest an! Strea+. ( fire is 2uilt the siBe for the a+ount of foo! to 2e coo e! an! the woo! allowe! to 2urn !own to a glowing +ass of coals an! ashes. Eash an! season your fish well an! then wra6 the+ u6 in clean% fresh grass% lea<es or 2ar . Then% after scra6ing away the greater 6art of the coals% 6ut the fish a+ong the ashes% co<er u6 with the sa+e% an! hea6 the glowing coals on to6. The fish coo s Juic ly==1L or $0 +inutes==accor!ing to their siBe. If you eat fish or ga+e coo e! after this fashion you will agree that it cannot 2e 2eaten 2y any +etho! nown to ca+6 culinary sa<ants. .lay also answers the 6ur6ose of 6rotecting. the fish or ga+e fro+ the fire if no other +aterial is at han!% an! for anything that reJuires +ore ti+e for coo ing it +a es the 2est co<ering. Eet 6a6er will answer% es6ecially for coo ing fish. H *de"$"# Co))e* %+06' ( successful +etho! of har!ening co66er is to a!! 1 l2. of alu+ an! I oB. arsenic to e<ery $0 l2. of +elte! co66er an! stir for 10 +inutes. P (,$"# C4t 0*o! Felt H t- %+06' *elt fro+ an ol! hat +a es goo! 6ac ing for auto+o2ile water=circulating 6u+6s. Stri6s shoul! 2e cut to fit snugly in the stuffing 2o5. Ehen the follower is screwe! !own% it will e56an! the felt an! +a e a watertight 8oint. Ho!e! de G -ol$"e E"#$"e %+06' The +aterial use! in the construction of the gasoline engine% as shown in the acco+6anying 6icture% was 6ieces foun! in a scra6 6ile that usually occu6ies a fence corner on al+ost e<ery far+. The cylin!er consists of an ol! 6u+6 cylin!er% 'G8 in. thic % 1='GI in. insi!e !ia+eter an! a2out L in. long. This was fastene! 2etween so+e woo!en 2loc s which were 2olte! on the tool carriage of a lathe an! then 2ore! out to a !ia+eter of a2out $ in. The 2oring 2ar% *ig. 1% consiste! of an ol! shaft with a hole

2ore! through the center an! a tool inserte! an! hel! for each cut 2y a setscrew. ( woo! +an!rel with a +etal shaft to turn in the centers of a lathe was +a!e to fit the 2ore!=out cylin!er. The cylin!er was then 6lace! on the +an!rel% fastene! with a 6inD an! threa!e! on 2oth en!s. *langes were ne5t +a!e fro+ cou6lings !iscar!e! fro+ an ol! horse= 6ower tu+2ling ro!% to fit on the threa!e! en!s of the cylin!er casting. Ehen these flanges were tightly screwe! on the casting an! face! off s+ooth the whole 6resente! the a66earance of a large s6ool.

.o+6lete Ho+e+a!e 9asoline #ngine The 2ac cylin!er hea! was +a!e fro+ a 6iece of cast iron% a2out 1G$ in. thic % turne! to the sa+e !ia+eter as the flanges% an! with a s+all 6ro8ection to fit snugly insi!e the cylin!er 2ore. Two holes were then !rille! in this hea! an! ta66e! for 'GI=in. 6i6e. Two 6ieces of 'GI =in. 6i6e were fitte! to these holes so that% when they were turne! in% a s+all 6art of the en! of each 6i6e 6ro8ecte! on the insi!e of the cylin!er hea!. These 6ieces of 6i6e ser<e as <al<e cages an! are rea+e! out on the insi!e en!s to for+ a <al<e seat. The outlet for the e5haust an! the inlet for the gas an! air are through holes !rille! in the si!e of each 6i6e res6ecti<ely an! ta66e! for 1G$=in. 6i6e. Two hea!s were then +a!e to fit o<er the outer en!s of the <al<e cages. These hea!s loo e! si+ilar to a threa! s6ool with one flange cut off% the re+aining flange fitting on the

Ste6s in Ma ing the Ho+e=Ma!e 9asoline #ngine en! of the <al<e cage an! the center e5ten!ing !own insi!e to +a e a long gui!e for the

<al<e ste+s. These hea!s are hel! in 6lace 2y a wrought=iron 6late an! two 2olts% one of which is 6lainly shown in the 6icture. This 6late also su66orts the roc er ar+s% *ig. $% an! the gui!es for the ro!s that o6erate the <al<es. Both <al<es are +echanically o6erate! 2y one ca+ attache! to a shaft running one turn to two of the cran shaft. The gears to run this shaft were cut fro+ soli! 6ieces on a s+all ho+e=+a!e gear=cutting attach+ent for the lathe as shown in *ig. '. The gear on the cran shaft has $0 teeth +eshing into a I0=tooth gear on the ca+ shaft. The +ain 6art of the fra+e consists of a 6iece of 1G$=in. sJuare iron% '0 in. long% 2ent in the sha6e of a 1, an! on the outsi!e of this 6iece is ri<ete! a 2ent 6iece of sheet +etal 1G8 in. thic an! ' in. wi!e. The 1=sha6e! iron is 6lace! near one e!ge of the sheet +etal. Two 6ieces of $=1G$=in. angle iron are ri<ete! <ertically on the en!s of the 1= sha6e! iron an! a 6late ri<ete! on the+ to close the o6en en! an! to for+ a face on which to attach the cylin!er with 2olts or ca6 screws. ( hole was cut through the angle irons an! 6late the sa+e siBe as the 2ore of the cylin!er so the 6iston coul! 2e ta en out without re+o<ing the cylin!er. ( 1=in. angle iron was ri<ete! to one si!e of the finishe! fra+e to +a e a su66ort for the cran shaft 2earing. The rough fra+e% *ig. I% was then finishe! on an e+ery wheel. This long fra+e ha! to 2e +a!e to acco++o!ate the crosshea! which was necessary for such a short cylin!er. The 6iston an! ro! were screwe! together an! turne! in one o6eration on a lathe. The three rings were +a!e fro+ an ol! cast=iron 6ulley. The ca6 screws were +a!e fro+ steel 6u+6 ro!s. ( 6iece of this ro! was centere! in a lathe an! turne! so as to sha6e si5 or +ore screws% *ig. L% then re+o<e! an! the first one threa!e! an! cut off% then the secon! an! so on until all of the+ were +a!e into screws. The ro! was hel! in a <ise for this last o6eration. Stu!s were +a!e 2y threa!ing 2oth en!s of a 6ro6er length ro!. Ma e=an!=2rea ignition is use! on the engineH howe<er% a 8u+6 s6ar woul! 2e +uch 2etter. The flywheel an! +i5ing <al<e were 6urchase! fro+ a house !ealing in these 6arts. The water 8ac et on the cylin!er is a sheet of co66er for+e! an! sol!ere! in 6lace% an! 2rass 2an!s 6ut on to co < e r the sol!ere! 8oints. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 7eter Johnson% .ler+ont% Iowa. D*$))$"# C *.4*eto* %+08' If gasoline !ri6s fro+ the car2uretor when the engine is not running% the nee!le <al<e connecte! with the float shoul! 2e in<estigate!. If the !ri66ing sto6s when the <al<e is 6resse! !own% the float is too high. If the <al<e ee6s !ri66ing% then it shoul! 2e groun! to a fit. A Me**<7Go7Ro4"d T8*$lle* %+0:'

Swinging on the Merry=9o=Doun! (s a ho+e +echanic with a fon!ness for a+using the chil!ren I ha<e seen +any !escri6tions of +erry=go=roun!s% 2ut ne<er one which reJuire! so little +aterial% la2or an! ti+e% an! which ga<e such satisfactory results% as the one illustrate! herewith. It

was erecte! in our 2ac yar! one afternoon% the +aterials 2eing furnishe! 2y an acco++o!ating lu+2er 6ile% an! a little 8un % an! it has 6ro<i!e! unli+ite! 6leasure for N8oy=ri!ers%N little an! 2ig% fro+ all o<er the neigh2orhoo!. It loo s li e a toy% 2ut once seat yourself in it an! 2egin to go aroun!. an!% no +atter what your age or siBe +ay 2e% you will ha<e in a +inute enough thrill an! e5cite+ent to last the 2alance of the !ay. The illustration largely e56lains itself% 2ut a few !i+ensions will 2e a hel6 to anyone wishing to construct the a66aratus. The u6right is a I 2y I=in. ti+2er% set ' ft. in the groun! with 8 ft. e5ten!ing a2o<e. It is 2race! on four si!es with 6ieces $ in. sJuare an! $ ft. long% 2utting against short sta es. The u66er en! of the 6ost is woun! with a few roun!s of wire or an iron stra6 to 6re<ent s6litting. The cross6iece is $ in. sJuare% 1$ ft. long% strengthene! 2y a 6iece I in. sJuare an! L ft. long. These two 6ieces +ust 2e securely 2olte! or s6i e! together. ( +allea2le iron 2olt% 'GI in. in !ia+eter an! 1L in. long is the 6i<ot. ,n this !e6en!s the safety of the contri<ance% so it +ust 2e strong enough% an! long enough to ee6 fir+ly in the 6ost. Dri<e this 2olt in a 'G8=in. hole 2ore! in the 6ost% which will +a e it a sufficiently tight fit. Ma e the hole for the 2olt <ery loose through the cross6iece% so that there will 2e 6lenty of Nwo22le%N as this is one of the +irth=+a ing features of the +achine. 1se a hea<y washer at the hea!. The seats are regular swing 2oar!s% su66orte! 2y a stout an! ser<icea2le ro6e. ( 'GI =in. ro6e is not too hea<y. ,ne set of ro6es are 6asse! through holes at the en! of the cross6iece an! notte! on to6. The other set shoul! 2e 6ro<i!e! with loo6s at the to6 an! sli! o<er the cross6iece% 2eing hel! in 6osition 2y s6i es as shown. This +a es an easy a!8ust+ent. Seat the hea<ier of the ri!ers on the latter seat% +o<ing it towar! the center until a 2alance with the lighter ri!er is reache!. ( ro6e tie! to the cross6iece a2out $ ft. fro+ the center% for the N+oti<e 6owerN to gras6% co+6letes the +erry=go=roun!. 7ut 6lenty of soa6 qr grease 2etween the cross6iece an! u6right. Be sure to ha<e roo+ for the ro6es to swing out at high s6ee!% with no trees or 2uil!ings in the way. The Nwo22leN +entione! will gi<e an agreea2le un!ulating +otion% which a!!s greatly to the flying sensation. This will 2e foun! sur6risingly e<i!ent for so s+all a +achine. (s there is no 2racing% care +ust 2e ta en to ha<e the two ri!ers sit at the sa+e +o+ent% or the iron 2olt will 2e 2ent out of line. If it is to 2e use! for a!ults% strong clear +aterial only shoul! 2e e+6loye!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. E. /ie+an. Ho3 to M ,e "d Fl< C8$"e-e >$te %+&0'

The .hinese 2oy is not satisfie! with si+6ly hol!ing the en! of a ite string an! running u6 an! !own the 2loc or fiel! trying to raise a hea<y 6a6er ite with a half 6oun! of rags for a tail. He +a es a ite as light as 6ossi2le without any tail which has the 6eculiar 6ro6erty of 2eing a2le to +o<e in e<ery !irection. So+eti+es an e56ert can +a e one of these ites tra<el across the win! for se<eral hun!re! feetH in fact% I ha<e seen 2oys a full 2loc a6art 2ring their ites together an! engage

7arts of a .hinese Fite in a co+2at until one of their ites floate! away with a 2ro en string% or was 6uncture! 2y the swift !i<es of the other% an! sent to earth% a wrec . The .hinese 2oy +a es his ite as follows4 *ro+ a sheet of thin 2ut tough tissue 6a6er a2out $0 in. sJuare% which he fol!s an! cuts along the !otte! line% as shown in *ig. 1% he gets a 6erfectly sJuare ite ha<ing all the 6ro6erties of a goo! flyer% light an! strong. He sha6es two 6ieces of 2a+2oo% one for the 2ac 2one an! one for the 2ow. The 2ac 2one is flat% 1GI 2y 'G'$ in. an! 18 in. long. This he s+ears along one si!e with co++on 2oile! rice. Boile! rice is one of the 2est a!hesi<es for use on 6a6er that can 2e o2taine! an! the .hinese ha<e use! it for centuries while we are 8ust wa ing u6 to the fact that it +a es fine 6hoto 6aste. Ha<ing 6lace! the 2ac 2one in 6osition% 6aste two triangular 6ieces of 6a6er o<er the en!s of the stic to 6re<ent tearing. The 2ow is now 2ent% an! the lugs e5ten!ing fro+ the si!es of the sJuare 6a6er are 2ent o<er the en!s of the 2ow an! 6aste! !own. If the rice is Juite !ry or +ealy it can 2e s+eare! on an! will !ry al+ost i++e!iately% therefore no strings are nee!e! to hol! the 2ow 2ent while the 6aste !ries. (fter the stic s are in 6osition the ite will a66ear as shown in *ig. $. The !otte! lines show the lugs 2ent o<er the en!s of the 2ow an! 6aste! !own. *igure ' shows how the 2an! is 6ut on an! how the ite is 2alance!. This is the +ost i+6ortant 6art an! cannot 2e e56laine! <ery well. This +ust 2e !one 2y e56eri+enting an! it is enough to say that the ite +ust 2alance 6erfectly. The string is fastene! 2y a sli6= not to the 2an! an! +o<e! 2ac an! forth until the ite flies 6ro6erly% then it is securely fastene!. ( reel is ne5t +a!e. Two en!s==the 2otto+s of two s+all 6each 2as ets will !o==are fastene! to a !owel stic or 2roo+ han!le% if nothing 2etter is at han!. These en!s are 6lace! a2out 1I in. a6art an! stri6s naile! 2etween the+ as shown in *ig. I% an! the cen= ters !rawn in an! 2oun! with a string. The ite string use! is generally a hea<y 6ac ing threa!. This is run through a thin flour or rice 6aste until it is thoroughly coate!% then it is run through a Juantity of crushe! glass. The glass shoul! 2e 2eaten u6 fine an! run through a fine sie<e to +a e it a2out the sa+e as /o.$ e+ery. The 6articles shoul! 2e e5tre+ely shar6 an! full of s6linters. These 6articles a!here to the 6aste! string an! when !ry are so shar6 that it cannot 2e han!le! without scratching= the fingers% therefore the ite is flown entirely fro+ the reel. To win! the string u6on the reel% all that is necessary is to lay one en! of the reel stic in the 2en! of the left ar+ an! twirl the other en! 2etween the fingers of the right han!. ( .hinese 2oy will 2e flying a gaily colore! little ite fro+ the roof of a house :if it 2e in one of the large cities where they ha<e flat=roofe! houses; an! a secon! 2oy will a66ear on the roof of another house 6erha6s $00 ft. away. Both ha<e large reels full of

string% often se<eral hun!re! yar!s of it. The first hun!re! feet or so is glass=co<ere! string% the 2alance% co++on 6ac ing threa!% or glass=co<ere! string. (s soon as the secon! 2oy has his ite aloft% he 2egins +aneu<ering to !ri<e it across the win! an! o<er to the first ite. *irst% he 6ays out a large a+ount of string% then as the ite wo22les to one si!e with its nose 6ointing towar! the first ite% he tightens his line an! co++ences a stea!y Juic 6ull. If 6ro6erly !one his ite crosses o<er to the other an! a2o<e it. The string is now 6aye! out until the secon! ite is hanging o<er the first oneCs line. The win! now ten!s to ta e the secon! ite 2ac to its 6arallel an! in so !oing +a es a turn a2out the first iteCs string. If the secon! ite is close enough% the first tries to s6ear hi+ 2y swift !i<es. The secon! 2oy in the +eanti+e is see=sawing his string an! 6resently the first iteCs string is cut an! it !rifts away. It is not consi!ere! s6ort to haul the other fellowCs ite !own as +ight 2e !one an! therefore a <ery interesting 2attle is often witnesse! when the e56erts clash their ites.== .ontri2ute! 2y S. .. Bun er% Broo lyn% /. -. Ho!e7M de V$-e %+&&' (n or!inary +on ey wrench that has 2een !iscar!e! is use! in +a ing this <ise. The wrench is su66orte! 2y two 0=sha6e! 6ieces of iron fastene! with

( Swi<el Bench Vise a ri<et through the en! 8aw% an! these in turn are 2olte! or screwe! to the 2ench. The han!le en! is hel! !own with a sta6le. The insi!e 8aw is use! in cla+6ing an! is o6erate! with the thu+2 screw of the wrench. Two holes 2ore! through the thu+2 6iece will greatly facilitate setting u6 the 8aws tightly 2y using a s+all ro! in the holes as a le<er. The <ise +ay 2e +a!e into a swing <ise if the wrench is +ounte! on a 2oar! which is swung on a 2olt at one en! an! hel! with a 6in at the other as shown in the illustration. Various holes 2ore! in the 2ench on an arc will 6er+it the 2oar! to 2e set at any angle. ==.ontri2ute!C 2y Harry S. Moo!y% /ew2ury6ort. Mass. Ho!e7M de C8 "#$"# B # 0o* Pl te Holde*- %+&+' ( goo! 2ag for changing 6lates an! loa!ing 6late hol!ers an! one that the o6erator can see well to wor in can

Ma!e of Blac .a+2ric 2e +a!e 2y anyone on a sewing +achine. Ten yar!s of 2lac ca+2ric or other 2lac cloth an! a little ru2y fa2ric will 2e reJuire!. Ta e the ca+2ric an! fol! it into $=y!. lengths :*ig. 1; which will +a e fi<e layers of cloth% tac or fasten the layers together so they will not sli6 an! cut an 8=in. sJuare hole in the +i!!le of one half :*ig. $; an! sew the ru2y fa2ric o<er the o6ening. Be sure an! +a e the sea+ light=tight an! ha<e enough layers of ru2y fa2ric so no white light can get in. *ol! the cloth u6 so it will 2e 1 y!. sJuare :*ig. '; an! sew u6 the e!ges to +a e a 2ag with one si!e o6en. 7ut a !rawstring in the e!ge of the cloth aroun! the o6en si!e an! the 2ag is co+6lete rea!y for use. Ta e the hol!ers an! 6late 2o5es in the la6 an! 6ut the 2ag o<er the hea! an! !own aroun! the 2o!y% then !raw the string u6 tight. ( 2ag +a!e u6 in this +anner is for use only for a short ti+e. If it is necessary to !o consi!era2le wor at a ti+e% then a !ust 6rotector% such as +ill +en use% +ust 2e attache! to a '=ft. length of $=in. ru22er hose an! the hose run through a hole in the 2ag. This will +a e it 6ossi2le to wor in the 2ag as long as you wish. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #arl D. Hastings% .orinth% Vt. Ho!e7M de A-.e-to- T .le P d- %+&+' (s2estos ta2le 6a!s to 6re<ent the +arring of 6olishe! ta2le to6s fro+ heate! !ishes can 2e easily +a!e at ho+e +uch chea6er than they can 2e 2ought. 7rocure a sheet of as2estos fro+ a 6lu+2ing sho6 an! cut it in the sha6e of the to6 of your ta2le. If the ta2le is roun!% +a e the 6a! as shown in the illustration% cutting the circular 6iece into Juarters. .ut four 6ieces of canton flannel. each the siBe of half the ta2le to6. Two of the as2estos 6ieces are use! to +a e one=half of the 6a!. 7lace the two 6ieces with their e!ges together so they will for+ half a circle !is an! co<er 2oth si!es with a 6iece of the flannel an! 6in the+ in 6lace. ( 2in!ing of white cotton ta6e is then 2aste! aroun! the e!ges to hol! all the 6ieces together until they are stitche! on a sewing +achine. ( line of +achine stitching is +a!e all aroun! the outsi!e an! through the +i!!le

7a!s Ma!e of (s2estos 2etween where the e!ges of the as2estos sheets 8oin together. This will for+ a hinge so the two Juarters +ay 2e fol!e! for 6utting away. Ma e the other half circular !is in the sa+e way. If lea<es are wante! in e5ten!ing the ta2le% any nu+2er of 6a!s can 2e +a!e to co<er the+ in the sa+e +anner with the hinge in the +i!!le of each 6a!. The flannel is use! with the na6 si!e out so it will +a e the 6a! soft an! noiseless. This in! of a 6a! furnishes 6erfect 6rotection to the ta2le fro+ any heat or +oisture.=.ontri2ute! 2y H. #. Eharton% ,a lan!% .alif. Ho3 to M ,e L d$e-; H "d. # %+&/'

To +a e this 2ag% get a 6iece of Dussian calf +o!eling leather. ( sha!e of 2rown is the 2est as it !oes not soil easily an! !oes not reJuire coloring% which s6oils the leather ef= fect. The !i+ensions of the full siBe! 2ag are4 fro+ ( to B% 17=1G$ in. H fro+ . to D% 1)=1GI in.H fro+ # to *%&=1GI in.H 9 to H% )=1GI in.% an! # to 9% $=1GI in. #nlarge the acco+6anying 6attern to the gi<en !i+ensions% trace this or so+e other a66ro6riate !esign on it% an! then cut the leather the siBe of the 6attern. 1se a s6onge to !a+6en the leather on the rough si!e% not so !a+6 that the water will co+e through to the right si!e when wor ing% 2ut !a+6 enough to allow the !esign to 2e well i+6resse!

7attern on the leather. 1se a s+ooth% non=a2sor2ent surface to lay the leather on while at wor . /ow lay the 6attern on the right si!e of the leather an! with the s+allest en! of the leather tool or a shar6% har! 6encil% trace the !esign carefully on the leather. Moisten the

leather as

Design on the 0eather often as necessary to ee6 it sufficiently +oist to wor well. Trace the o6enings for the han!les% also lines (=9% H=B% an! #=9% 9=J% an! corres6on!ing lines on the other si!e. De+o<e 6attern an! trace the !esign !irectly on leather with the roun! 6oint of tool% until it is +a!e !istinct an! in +ar e! contrast to the rest of the leather. Do not +a e shar6 +ar s 2ut roun! the e!ges of the lines nicely% with the roun!e! si!es of the tools. To co+6lete the 2ag% get so+ething with which to +a e a lining. ( 6iece of ooBe! leather is the +ost satisfactory. .ut it the sa+e siBe as the 2ag% 6lace 2oth together an! with a leather 6unch% +a e holes all aroun! the e!ge of the 2ag a2out 1G8 in. a6art. .ut out the leather for the han!le o6enings. .are shoul! 2e ta en not to cut the holes too near the e!ge of the 2ag lest the lacing 6ull out. /ow cut narrow thongs% a2out 1G8 in. wi!e% an! lace through the holes% lacing the si!es of the en! 6ieces in with the si!es of the 2ag. .rease the lines (=9 an! B=H inwar! for en!s of 2ag. Re!o1$"# W$*e I"-4l t$o" %+&/' The claw of a ha++er can 2e use! for re+o<ing the insulation on co66er wire% if not +ore than 1 in. is ta en off at a ti+e. A S! ll Ele(t*$( Moto* %+&2' The !rawing herewith shows a si+6le electric +otor which can 2e easily constructe! 2y any 2oy who is at all han!y with tools. I +a!e this +otor

#lectro=Magnet Motor +any ti+es when a 2oy an! can say that if carefully constructe! it will run with greater ra6i!ity than the +ore e56ensi<e ones. ( co++on +agnet which can 2e 6urchase! at any toy store is use!. The one shown is '=1G$ in. in length. The ar+ature core is a stri6 of 1G1) 2y 1GI=in. iron% $=1GI in. long% 2ent 1=sha6e! an! fastene! to the woo! flywheel. #ach leg of the ar+ature is woun! with 10 ft. of /o. $I gauge +agnet wire. The co++utator is +a!e fro+ an ol! $$ cartri!ge file! into two eJual 6arts% each 2eing a half circle% 2oth of which are +a!e fast to a collar on the shaft #. #ach half of the co++utator +ust 2e insulate! fro+ the other half. The collar can 2e +a!e 2y wra66ing 6a6er aroun! the shaft until the reJuire! siBe is o2taine!. The to6 en! of the shaft runs in a hole 2ore! in a 2rass su66ort% B% which is screwe! on the en! of a 6iece of woo! +ortise! in the 2ase% as shown in *ig. 1. The lower en! of the shaft runs in a glass 2ea!% D% which is fastene! to a s+all 6iece of 2rass with sealing wa5. The s+all 2rass 6iece is fastene! to the 2ase with screws. The 2ea! shoul! not ha<e an eye larger in !ia+eter than the shaft. The shaft is +a!e fro+ an ol! !iscar!e! nitting nee!le. The 2rushes are fastene! to each si!e of the u6right 6iece of woo! su66orting the 2rass 2earing B. The connections to the 2attery are shown in *ig. $. #ach half of the co++utator . is connecte! to the coils (( as shown in *ig. 1. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J.M. Shannon% 7asa!ena% .alif. Mo1$"# Co$" U"de* Gl -- %+&2'

7lace a 6enny or a !i+e on a ta2lecloth% towel or na6 in an! co<er it o<er with a glass in such a way that the glass will rest u6on two $L or L0 cent 6ieces as shown in the s etch. The coin is +a!e to co+e forth without touching it or sli!ing a stic un!er the e!ge of the glass. It is only necessary to claw the cloth near the glass with the nail of the forefinger.

De+o<ing the .oin The cloth will 6ro!uce a +o<e+ent that will sli!e the coin to the e!ge an! fro+ un!er the glass. I!)*o1$"# P8o"o#* )8 So4"d %+&2' Ehen 6laying lou! an! harsh recor!s on a 6honogra6h the +usic is often s6oile! 2y the <i2ration of the +etal horn. This +ay 2e re+e!ie! 2y 2uc ling a <alise or shawl stra6 aroun! the horn% near the center. Ho3 to M ,e P )e* B lloo"- %+&5' Balloons +a!e s6herical% or !esigne! after the regular aeronautCs hot=air 2alloon% are the 2est in! to +a e. Those ha<ing an o!! or unusual sha6e will not +a e goo! ascensions% an! in +ost cases the 6a6er will catch fire fro+ the torch an! 2urn 2efore they ha<e flown <ery far. The following !escri6tion is for +a ing a tissue=6a6er 2alloon a2out ) ft. high.

7a6er Balloon

7attern an! 7arts to Ma e Balloon

The 6a6er +ay 2e selecte! in se<eral colors% an! the gores cut fro+ these% 6aste! in alternately% will 6ro!uce a 6retty array of colors when the 2alloon is in flight. The sha6e of a goo! 2alloon is shown in *ig. 1. The gores for a )=ft. 2alloon shoul! 2e a2out 8 ft. long or a2out one=thir! longer than the height of the 2alloon. The wi!est 6art of each gore is 1) in. The wi!est 6lace shoul! 2e L'=1G$ in. fro+ the 2otto+ en!% or a little o<er half way fro+ the 2otto+ to the to6. The 2otto+ of the gore is one=thir! the wi!th of the

wi!est 6oint. The !i+ensions an! sha6e of each gore are shown in *ig. $. The 2alloon is +a!e u6 of 1' gores 6aste! together% using a2out 1G$=in. la6 on the e!ges. (ny goo! 6aste will !o==one that is +a!e u6 of flour an! water well coo e! will ser<e the 6ur6ose. If the gores ha<e 2een 6ut together right% the 6ointe! en!s will close u6 the to6 entirely an! the wi!er 2otto+ en!s will lea<e an o6ening a2out $0 in. in !ia+eter. ( light woo! hoo6 ha<ing the sa+e !ia+eter as the o6ening is 6aste! to the 2otto+ en! of the gores. Two cross wires are fastene! to the hoo6% as shown in *ig. '. These are to hol! the wic 2all% *ig. I% so it will hang as shown in *ig. L. The wic 2all is +a!e 2y win!ing wic ing aroun! a wire% ha<ing the en!s 2ent into hoo s as shown. The 2alloon is fille! with hot air in a +anner si+ilar to that use! with the or!inary cloth 2alloon. ( s+all trench or fire6lace is +a!e of 2ric ha<ing a chi+ney o<er which the +outh of the 6a6er 2alloon is 6lace!. 1se fuel that will +a e heat with <ery little s+o e. Hol! the 2alloon so it will not catch fire fro+ the fla+es co+ing out of the chi+ney. Ha<e so+e alcohol rea!y to 6our on the wic 2all% saturating it thoroughly. Ehen the 2alloon is well fille! carry it away fro+ the fire6lace% attach the wic 2all to the cross wires an! light it. In starting the 2alloon on its flight% ta e care that it lea<es the groun! as nearly u6right as 6ossi2le. ==.ontri2ute! 2y D. #. Staunton. A S$!)le Ste !.o t Model %+&6' The s+all 2oat shown in the acco+6anying s etch +ay ha<e a length of 1$ to 18 in. an! is constructe! in the following +anner4 ( s+all stea+ 2oiler% (% is su66orte! 2y two 2races o<er an alcohol la+6 in the +i!!le of the 2oat. ( s+all 6i6e is fastene! to the to6 of the 2oiler in such a way that the o6en en! will 2e o66osite the o6en en! of another 6i6e% B% so+ewhat larger in siBe. The 6i6e B o6ens into the stern of the 2oat at .% as shown in *ig. 1. The stea+% co+ing through the s+all 6i6e (% is !ri<en forci2ly through the larger 6i6e B% an! carries with it a certain a+ount of air out through the o6ening . into the water. (s the 2oat is !ri<en forwar! 2y this force% the stea+ arises to the surface in the for+ of 2u22les. The 2oat soon attains consi!era2le s6ee!% lea<ing a long wa e 2ehin!.

Sectional View an! .o+6lete! Boat To Re!o1e G*e -e 0*o! M (8$"e*< %+&6' ( goo! way to re+o<e grease or oil fro+ +achinery 2efore 6ainting is to 2rush sla e! li+e an! water o<er the surface% lea<ing the solution on o<er night. (fter washing% the iron is !rie! an! the 6aint will stic to it rea!ily. In re+o<ing grease fro+ woo!% co++on whitewash +ay 2e left on for a few hours an! then washe! off with war+ water% after which the 6aint will a!here 6er+anently. A G !e Pl <ed o" t8e I(e %+&6'

Two lines are !rawn 6arallel on the ice fro+ L0 to 100 ft. a6art an! 2loc s of woo! are 6lace! e<ery ) ft. a6art on these lines. The 6layer o6ening the ga+e s ates to the line an! !eli<ers% in 2owling for+% a sli!ing 2loc si+ilar to the 2loc s that are 6lace! on the lines with the e5ce6tion that it has a han!le. The 2loc s are a2out ) in. wi!e 2y ) in. high an! 8 in. long. The sli!ing 2loc s shoul! 2e at least 1 ft. long an! each 6ro<i!e! with a han!le. The han!le is attache! 2y 2oring a hole near one en! in the +i!!le of the 2loc an! !ri<ing in a woo! 6in. The hole is 2ore! slanting so as to incline the han!le. Two of these 2loc s are 6ro<i!e! for the reason that when a 6layer 2owls one of the o66osing 6layerCs 2loc s o<er the line he is entitle! to another throw. The si!e wins that 2owls o<er all of the o66osing

Bowling ,<er the ,66onentCs Bloc s 6layersC 2loc s first. This will 6ro<e an interesting an! en8oya2le 6asti+e for s aters. M ,$"# P8oto S$l8o4ette B* -- Pl =4e- %+&7' Secure a 2rass 6late ha<ing a s+ooth surface the right siBe for the 6hotogra6h an! co<er it with a coat of 6araffin. This is !one 2y heating the 6araffin in a <essel hot enough to +a e the wa5 run freely% then 6ouring the liJui! o<er the entire surface of the 2rass. Ehen the 6araffin has coole! sufficiently the outlines of the 6hotogra6h +ust 2e !rawn u6on its surface. There are three ways of !oing this4 *irst% the 6hotogra6h can 2e trace! on tissue 6a6er an! then retrace! on the 6araffin surface. The e5act outlines of the 6hotogra6h can 2e o2taine! this way without !estroying the 6rint. Secon!% if you ha<e se<eral co6ies of the 6hotogra6h% one can 2e utiliBe! 2y tracing !irect to the surface of the 6araffin. In using either of the two +etho!s !escri2e!% car2on 6a6er +ust 2e 6lace! on the 6araffin 2efore the tissue 6a6er or 6hotogra6h is lai! u6on it. Thir!% cut out the outlines of the 6hotogra6h an! lay it on the 6araffin surface% then trace aroun! the e!ges with the 6oint of a nee!le or shar6 6oint of a nife. The outlines !rawn 2y the first +etho! are cut through the 6araffin in the sa+e way. The 6araffin is carefully re+o<e! fro+ the insi!e of the lines% lea<ing the 2rass surface 6erfectly clean% as is shown in *ig. 1. The e56ose! 6art of the 6late is now rea!y to 2e etche! or eaten away to the right !e6th with aci!. The aci! solution is +a!e u6 of 1=1G$ 6arts +uriatic aci! an! $ 6arts water. The +i5ture shoul! 2e 6lace! in a glass or earthenware

*ig. 1 Ea5e! Brass 7late <essel. If the 6late is a s+all one a saucer will !o for the aci! solution. 7our the aci! on the 6late where the 6araffin has 2een re+o<e! an! allow it ti+e to etch. The aci! shoul! 2e re+o<e! e<ery fi<e +inutes to e5a+ine the etching. If any 6laces show u6 where the 6araffin has not 2een entirely re+o<e! they +ust 2e cleane! so the aci! will eat out the +etal. Ehen the aci! solution 2eco+es wea new solution +ust 2e a!!e! until the 6ro6er !e6th is secure!. Dinse the 6late in col! water% stan! in a tray an! heat it sufficiently to run off all the 6araffin. 7olish the 6late 2y ru22ing it with a 6iece of flannel.

*ig. $ *inishe! 7laJue The 6laJue can 2e gi<en a real antiJue finish 2y 6ainting the etche! 6art with a !ull 2lac 6aint. Drill a s+all hole in each of the four corners% 2eing careful not to !ent the +etal. The 6laJue is 2ac e! with a 6iece of woo! 'GI in. thic % the !i+ensions of which shoul! e5cee! those of the 2rass 6late sufficiently to har+oniBe with the siBe of the 6laJue. The woo! shoul! 2e 6ainte! 2lac with the sa+e 6aint use! in the 6laJue. 7aint the hea!s of four thu+2 tac s 2lac an! use the+ in fastening the 6laJue to the 2oar!. The finishe! silhouette will a66ear as shown in *ig. $. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John (. Hellwig% (l2any% /. -. Al$#"$"# A4to!o.$le He dl$#8t- %+&7' (uto+o2ile hea!lights shoul! 2e set to throw the light straight ahea!% not 6ointe! !own at the roa! at an angle. Tele-(o)e St "d "d Holde* %+&8' Eith the or!inary s+all telesco6e it is <ery !ifficult to ee6 the line of sight fi5e!

u6on any 6articular o28ect. To +eet the situation I constructe! the

*ig. 1 *ig. $ Ma!e of a .a+era Tri6o! !e<ice illustrate! herewith. ( circular 6iece of woo!% B% ) in. in !ia+eter% is fastene! to a co++on ca+era tri6o!% (% with a set screw% S. .orner irons% .., are screwe! to the circular 6iece. These corner irons are also screwe! to% an! su66orte! in a <ertical 6osition 2y the woo! stan!ar! D% which is I in. wi!e an! of any !esire! height. To this stan!ar! is secure! the woo! shiel!=sha6e! 6iece # 2y the screw 9 u6on which it turns. ( se+i=circular slit is cut in the 6iece 9% through which 6asses the set screw S. The telesco6e is secure! to the 6iece 9 2y +eans of the 6i6e stra6s **. Du22er 2an!s are 6ut aroun! the telesco6e to 6re<ent ru22ing at the 6laces where the stra6s enclose it. The woo! 6ieces were +a!e of +ahogany well ru22e! with linsee! oil to gi<e the+ a finish. The corner irons an! set screws or 2olts with thu+2=nuts can 2e 6urchase! at any har!ware store. The 6i6e stra6s of !ifferent siBes can 2e o2taine! fro+ a 6lu+2erCs or gas an! stea+ fitterCs store. Eith this !e<ice% either a <ertical or a horiBontal +otion +ay 2e secure!% an!% after 2ringing the !esire! o28ect into the line of sight% the set screws will hol! the telesco6e in 6osition. (nyone owning a tri6o! can construct this !e<ice in three or four hoursC ti+e at a trifling cost. In *ig. 1 is shown the si!e <iew of the hol!er an! stan!% an! *ig. $ the front <iew. It +ay 2e of interest to those owning telesco6es without solar eye6ieces to now that such an eye6iece can 2e o2taine! <ery chea6ly 2y 6urchasing a 6air of colore! eyeglasses with <ery !ar lenses an! +etal ri+s. Brea off the fra+e% lea<ing the +etal ri+s an! ni2s at each en!. 7lace these o<er the eye6iece of the telesco6e an! se= cure in 6lace with ru22er 2an!s loo6e! o<er the ni2s an! aroun! the 2arrel of the instru+ent. ==.ontri2ute! 2y D. (. 7aine% Dich+on!% Va. Ho3 to M ,e " Ele(t*$( l Ho*" R$18S Secure an e+6ty syru6 or fruit can% any in! ha<ing a s+ooth flat 2otto+ will !o. If the 2otto+ is not 6erfectly flat% it will interfere with the regular tone <i2rations% an! not 6ro!uce the right soun!. De+o<e the la2el 2y soa ing it in hot water. Ta e an or!inary electrical 2ell an! re+o<e the gong% cli6 off the stri ing 2all an! 2en! the ro! at right angles. .ut a 2loc of woo! 'GI in. thic % L in. wi!e an! 8 in. long for the 2ase. *asten the can on it with a 6iece of sheet 2rass or

Tin .an an! Bell 7arts tin as shown in the s etch. Mount the 2ell <i2rator on the 2ase% using a s+all 2loc of woo! to ele<ate it to the le<el of the center of the can% an! sol!er the en! of the <i2rator ro! to the +etal. .onnect two !ry cells to the 2ell <i2rator% an! a!8ust the contact screw until a clear tone is o2taine!. The ra6i!ly +o<ing ar+ature of the 2ell <i2rator causes the 2otto+ of the can to <i2rate with it% thus 6ro!ucing soun! wa<es. The 6itch of the tone !e6en!s on the thic ness of the 2otto+ of the can. This horn% if carefully a!8uste! an! using two cells of !ry 2attery% will gi<e a soft 6leasant tone that can 2e hear! a 2loc away. If the two 6ro8ecting 6arts of the <i2rator are sawe! off with a hac saw% it can 2e +ounte! on the insi!e of the can. This will +a e a <ery co+6act electric horn% as only the can is <isi2le.=.ontri2ute! 2y John Si!el+ier% 0a Salle% Ill. D*$1$"# W -8$"# M (8$"e 3$t8 Moto*(<(le Po3e* %+&:'

The halftone illustration shows how 1 rigge! u6 +y washing +achine to 2e !ri<en 2y the 6ower fro+ +y +otorcycle. I +a!e a wheel $) in. in !ia+eter of so+e 1=in. 6ine 2oar!s% shrun an iron 2an! on it for a tire% an! 2olte! it to the wheel on the washing +achine. ( long 2elt the sa+e wi!th as the +otorcycle 2elt was use! to !ri<e the +achine. The +otorcycle was line! u6 an! the engine starte!% then the +otorcycle 2elt thrown off an! the long 2elt run on% connecting the engine an! washing +achine wheel. =1. D. Fi!!er% 0a e 7reston% S. D.

Machine Belte! to the Motorcycle Ho!e7M de A=4 *$4! %+&:' ( goo! aJuariu+ can 2e +a!e fro+ a large=siBe! street la+6 glo2e an! a yellow 6ine 2loc . 1sually a la+6 glo2e costs less than an aJuariu+ glo2e of the sa+e !i+ensions.

7rocure a yellow 6ine 2loc ' in. thic an! 1$ in. sJuare. The +ore une<en an! twiste! the grain the 2etter for the 6ur6ose%

0a+6 9lo2e as an (Juariu+ it is then less lia2le to !e<elo6 a continuous crac . .ut out a !e6ression for the 2ase of the glo2e as shown in *ig. 1. 7our in aJuariu+ ce+ent an! e+2e! the glo2e in it. 7our +ore ce+ent insi!e of the glo2e until the ce+ent is le<el with the to6 of the 2loc . *inish with a ring of ce+ent aroun! the outsi!e an! s6rin le with fine san! while the ce+ent is !a+6. *eet +ay 2e a!!e! to the 2ase if !esire!. The weight of the 6ine 2loc +a es a <ery soli! an! su2stantial 2ase for the glo2e an! ren!ers it less lia2le to 2e u6set. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Ja+es D. Fane% Doylestown% 7a P*ote(t Yo4* L t8e %+&:' /e<er allow lar! oil to har!en on a lathe. F* !e 0o* D$-)l <$"# Bot8 S$de- o0 Co$"- %++0' It is Juite i+6ortant for coin collectors to ha<e so+e con<enient way to

Hol!ing .oins 2etween 9lasses show 2oth si!es of coins without touching or han!ling the+. If the collection consists of only a few coins% they can 2e arrange! in a fra+e as shown in *ig. 1. The fra+e is +a!e of a hea<y car!% (% *ig. $% the sa+e thic ness as the coins% an! co<ere! o<er on each si!e with a 6iece of glass% B. Holes are cut in the car! to recei<e the coins .. The fra+e is 6lace! on 2earings so it +ay 2e turne! o<er to e5a+ine 2oth si!es. If there is a large collection of coins% the fra+e can 2e +a!e in the sa+e +anner an! use! as !rawers in a ca2inet. The !rawers can 2e ta en out an! turne! o<er. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. 7ur!y% 9hent% ,. Ho3 to M ,e L "te*" Sl$de- %++0'

( great +any 6ersons who ha<e +agic lanterns !o not use the+ <ery +uch% for after the sli!es ha<e 2een shown a few ti+es% they 2eco+e uninteresting% an! 2uying new ones or e<en +a ing the+ fro+ 6hotogra6hic negati<es is e56ensi<e. But 2y the +etho! !escri2e! in the following 6aragra6h anyone can +a e new an! interesting sli!es in a few +inutesC ti+e an! at a <ery s+all cost. Secure a nu+2er of glass 6lates of the siBe that will fit your lantern an! clean the+ on 2oth si!es. Dissol<e a 6iece of white rosin in a half=6int of gasoline an! flow it o<er one si!e of the 6lates an! allow to !ry. 7lace the !rie! 6late o<er a 6icture you wish to re6ro!uce an! !raw the outline u6on the thin fil+. ( lea! 6encil% 6en an! in or colore! crayons can 2e use!% as the rosin an! gasoline gi<e a surface that can 2e written u6on as easily as u6on 6a6er. Ehen the sli!e 2eco+es uninteresting it can 2e cleane! with a little clear gasoline an! use! again to +a e another sli!e. ( sli!e can 2e +a!e in this way in fi<e +inutes an! an interesting outline 6icture in e<en less ti+e than that. This solution also +a es an i!eal retouching <arnish for negati<es. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J.#. /o2le% Toronto% .ana!a. Ho3 to M ,e De1elo)$"# Bo9 %++0'

( 2o5 for !e<elo6ing '=1GI 2y I=1GI =in. 6lates is shown in !etail in the acco+= 6anying s etch. It is +a!e of stri6s of woo! 1GI=in. thic % cut an! groo<e!% an! then glue! together as in!icate!. If !esire!% a hea<ier 6iece can 2e 6lace! on the 2otto+. .oat the insi!e of the 2o5 with 6araffin or wa5% +elte! an! a66lie! with a 2rush. (llow it to fill all cre<ices so that the !e<elo6ing 2o5 will 2e watertight. It will hol! I oB. of !e<elo6er. Bo5es for larger 6lates

Details of the De<elo6ing Bo5 can 2e +a!e in the sa+e +anner. 1se a s+all woo!en cli6 in ta ing the 6lates out of the 2o5% 2eing careful not to scratch the sensiti<e fil+. ==.ontri2ute! 2y D.J. S+ith% Milwau ee% Eis. St $"$"# Wood %++&' ( <ery goo! +etho! of staining close=graine! woo!s is to use +uriatic aci!. The aci! is 6ut on with a 2rush li e any or!inary stain. The colors thus o2taine! are artistic an! +ost 2eautiful% an! cannot 2e !u6licate! 2y any nown 6ig+ent. The +ore coats a66lie! the !ar er the color will 2e. This +etho! of staining has the a!<antage of reJuiring no wi6ing or ru22ing. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (ugust T. /eyer% ,ne .lou!% .al. S8eet7Met l W8$-,7B*oo! Holde* %++&' ( whis =2roo+ hol!er such as is shown in the acco+6anying 6icture +ay 2e easily +a!e 2y the a+ateur. The tools nee!e! are few4 a 6air of tin shears% a +etal 2loc of so+e in! u6on which to 6oun! when ri<eting% a ha++er or +allet% se<eral large nails% an! a stout 2oar! u6on which to wor u6 the !esign. ( ri<et 6unch is !esira2le% though not a2solutely necessary. The +aterial reJuire! is a sheet of /o. $I gauge co66er or 2rass of a siBe eJual to that of the 6ro6ose! hol!er% 6lus a 'G8=in. 2or!er all aroun!% into which to 6lace the screws

that are to 2e use! to hol! the +etal to the 2oar! while 6oun!ing it. The !esign shown in the 6icture is ) 2y 8 in. at the wi!est 6art an! has 6ro<en a satisfactory hol!er for a s+all 2roo+. .arefully wor out the !esign !esire! on a 6iece of !rawing 6a6er% 2oth outline an! !ecoration% a<oi!ing shar6 cur<es in the outline 2ecause they are har! to follow with the shears when cutting the +etal. If the !esign is to 2e of two=6art sy++etry% li e the one shown% !raw one 6art% then fol! on a center line an! !u6licate this 2y inserting !ou2le= surface! car2on 6a6er an! tracing the 6art alrea!y !rawn. Eith this sa+e car2on 6a6er transfer the !esign to the +etal. *asten the +etal to the 2oar! fir+ly% using 1G$=in. screws 6lace! a2out 1 in. a6art in holes 6re<iously 6unche! in the +argin with a nail set or nail. To flatten the +etal 6re6aratory to fastening it to the 2oar!% 6lace a 2loc of woo! u6on it an! 6oun! on this 2loc % ne<er u6on the +etal !irectly%

.o+6lete! Hol!er Brass *astene! to Boar!=Metho! of Di<eting or the surface will 2e !ente! an! loo 2a! in the finishe! 6iece. Ta e the nail% a 10 or $0=6enny wire or cut% an! file it to a chisel e!ge% roun!ing it 8ust enough to ta e the shar6ness off so that it will not cut the +etal. This tool is use! for in!enting the +etal so as to 2ring out the outline of the !esign on the surface. There are se<eral ways of wor ing u6 the !esign. The si+6lest way is to ta e the nail an! +erely NchaseN the outlines of hol!er !esign. De+o<e the screws% cut off the sur6lus +etal an! file the e!ges until they are s+ooth. Ma e a 6a6er 6attern for the +etal 2an! that is to hol! the 2roo+. Trace aroun! this 6attern on the +etal an! cut out the sha6e. 7unch ri<et holes in hol!er an! 2an!% also a hole 2y which to hang the whole u6on the

wall. Di<et the 2an! to the hol!er. 7unch the ri<et holes with a nail set an! +a e the holes consi!era2ly larger than the !ia+eter of the ri<et% for in flattening the raise! e!ges the holes will close. Do the ri<eting on a +etal 2loc an! ee6 the hea! of the ri<et on the 2ac of the hol!er. Doun! u6 the Nu6setN en! of the ri<ete! 6art as shown in the 6icture. Do not 2en! it o<er or flatten it. This roun!ing is !one 2y 6oun!ing aroun! the outer e!ge of the ri<et en! an! not flat u6on the to6 as in !ri<ing a nail. .lean the +etal 2y scru22ing it off with a solution co+6ose! of one=half water an! one=half nitric aci!. 1se a rag tie! to a stic an! !o not allow the aci! to touch either your han!s or clothes. ( +etal lacJuer +ay ne5t 2e a66lie! to ee6 the +etal fro+ early corrosion. Ho3 to M ,e C !) Stool %+++'

The stool% as shown in *ig. 1% is +a!e of 2eech or any suita2le woo!

.a+6 Stool Details with a can<as or car6et to6. 7ro<i!e four lengths for the legs% each 1 in. sJuare an! 18= 1G$ in. longH two lengths% l=1G8 in. sJuare an! 11 in. long% for the to6% an! two lengths% 'GI in. sJuare% one 8=1G$ an! the other 10=1G$ in. long% for the lower rails. The legs are sha6e! at the en!s to fit into a LG8=in. hole 2ore! in the to6 6ieces as shown in *ig. $% the !istance 2etween the centers of the holes 2eing 7=LG8 in. in one 6iece an! &=LG8 in. in the other. The lower rails are fitte! in the sa+e way% using a 1G$= in. hole 2ore! into each leg $=1G$ in. u6 fro+ the lower en!. #ach 6air of legs has a 8oint for fol!ing an! this 8oint is +a!e 2y 2oring a hole in the +i!!le of each leg% inserting a 2olt an! ri<eting it o<er washers with a washer 6lace! 2e= tween the legs as shown in *ig. '. The entire length of each 6art is roun!e! off for the sa e of neatness as well as lightness. (2out 1G$ y!. of 11=in. wi!e +aterial will 2e reJuire! for the seat an! each en! of this is naile! securely on the un!er si!e of the to6 6ieces. The woo!wor +ay 2e staine! an! <arnishe! or 6lain <arnishe! an! the cloth +ay 2e +a!e to ha<e a 6leasing effect 2y stencilling in so+e neat 6attern. A S! ll Ho!e7M de Ele(t*$( Moto* %+++' The acco+6anying 6hotogra6hs show the construction of a <ery uniJue electric +otor% the 6arts consisting of the fra+e fro+ an ol! 2icycle 6e!al wra66e! with insulate! wire to +a e the ar+ature an! three 6er+anent +agnets ta en fro+ an ol! tele6hone +agneto. The 6e!al% 2eing 2all 2earing% rotate! with <ery little friction an! at a sur6risingly high rate of s6ee!.

The Motor .o+6lete The !ust ca6 on the en! of the 6e!al was re+o<e! an! a 2attery connection% ha<ing Juite a length of threa!s% was sol!ere! to it as shown in the 6hotogra6h. The flanges were re+o<e! fro+ an or!inary s6ool an! two stri6s of 2rass fastene! on its circu+ference for the co++utator. The s6ool was hel! in 6osition 2y a s+all 2in!ing

.o++utator 7arts 6ost nut. The sha6e of this nut +a!e a goo! 6ulley for a cor! 2elt. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John Shahan% (ttalla% (la. Ro(,e* Blo(,- o" Co -te* Sled- %++/' The acco+6anying s etch shows a coasting sle! with roc er 2loc s attache! on 2oth front an! rear runners. The runners an! the other 6arts of the sle! are +a!e in the usual way% 2ut instea! of fastening the rear runners soli! to the to6 2oar! an! the front runners to turn on a soli! 6lane fifth wheel% they are 6i<ote! so each 6air of runners will roc when going o<er 2u+6s. The illustration will e56lain this construction without going into !etail an! gi<ing !i+ensions for a certain siBe% as these roc er 2loc s can 2e attache! to any coaster or to2oggan sle!. It will 2e notice! that the to6 2oar! +ay 2en! as +uch as it will un!er the loa! without causing the front en!s of the rear runners an! the

.oaster Sle! with Doc er Dunners rear en!s of the front runners gouging into the snow or ice. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. *. @uac en2ush% /ew -or .ity. Ho3 to M ,e W t(8 Fo. %++/'

This no<elty watch fo2 is +a!e fro+ felt% using class% college or lo!ge colors co+2ine! in the +a ing with e+2le+s or initials colore! on the te5ture. Two 6ieces of felt% each 1=1GI in. wi!e an! I=1GI in. long% are cut V=sha6e! on one en! of each 6iece a2out 1 in. in !e6th% an! 'G8 in. in fro+ the other en! of one 6iece cut a slit 1G$ in. longH the en! of the other 6iece is fol!e! o<er% +a ing a la6 of a2out 1 in.% an! a slit is cut through the !ou2le thic ness to +atch the one cut in the first 6iece. The !esire! e+2le+% initial% or 6ennant is stencile! on the outsi!e of the fol!e! 6iece with class% college or lo!ge colors. The stra6 is +a!e fro+ a stri6 of felt 'G1) in. wi!e an! 8=1GI in. longH stitche! on 2oth e!ges for a66earance. Ma e a hole with a 6unch 1=1GI in. fro+ one en!% an! two holes in the other% one a2out 1 in. an! the other $='GI in. fro+ the en!. 7urchase a 1G$=in. 2uc le fro+ a harness +a er an! you will ha<e all the 6arts necessary for the fo2. (sse+2le as shown in the s etch. The en! of the stra6 ha<ing the two holes is 6ut through the slots cut in the wi!e 6ieces an! the tongue of the 2uc le is run through 2oth holes. The other en! is 6asse! through the ring of the watch an! fastene! in the 2uc le as in an or!inary 2elt. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. D. 0uther. Ironwoo!. Mich. D*$ll L4.*$( "t %++/' ( goo! lu2ricant for !rilling is +a!e 2y !issol<ing 'GI to 1 l2. of sal=so!a in one 6ailful of water. Ne3 W < to Re!o1e Bottle Sto))e* %++2'

Ta e a 2ottle of liJui!% so+ething that is car2onate!% an! with the ai! of a na6 in for+ a 6a! which is a66lie!

De+o<ing the Sto66er to the lower en! of the 2ottle. Stri e har! with re6eate! 2lows against the soli! surface of a wall% as shown in the s etch% an! the cor will 2e !ri<en out% so+eti+es with so +uch force that a 6art of the liJui! co+es with it an! !eluges the s6ectators% if !esire! 2y the o6erator. I!$t t$o" F "(< W$"#- o" H$"#e- %++2' The acco+6anying s etch shows how I o<erca+e the har!ware trou2les when I was not a2le to fin! rea!y=+a!e hinges in antiJue !esign for a +ission si!e2oar! an! 2uffet. This +etho! allows a wi!e range of !esigns% which can 2e +a!e at ho+e with or!inary tools. The wings are +a!e of co66er or 2rass an! finishe! in re6oussU% or can 2e tarnishe! an! the high 6laces 2urnishe! with 000 san!6a6er or steel wool% then lacJuere! with white shellac or 2anana 2ronBing liJui!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John H. SchatB% In!iana6olis% In!.

*ancy Hinge Eings Ho3 to M ,e C8$ld;- Roll$"# To< %++2'

Secure a tin can% or a 6aste2oar! 2o5% a2out $ in. in !ia+eter an! $ in. or +ore in height. 7unch two holes (% *ig. 1% in the co<er an! the 2otto+% 1GI in. fro+ the center an! o66osite each other. Then cut a cur<e! line fro+ one hole to the other% as shown at B. ( 6iece of lea!% which can 2e 6rocure! fro+ a 6lu+2er% is cut in the sha6e shown in *ig. $% the siBe 2eing 1 2y 1=1G8 2y 1=1GI in. (n or!inary ru22er 2an! is secure! aroun! the nec of the 6iece of

Dolling .an Toy lea!% as shown in *ig. '% allowing the two en!s to 2e free. The 6ieces of tin 2etween the holes (% *ig. 1% on 2oth to6 an! 2otto+% are turne! u6 as in *ig. I% an! the en!s of the 2an!s loo6e! o<er the+. The fla6s are then turne! !own on the 2an! an! the can 6arts 6ut together as in *ig. L. The can +ay 2e !ecorate! with 2rilliant colore! stri6es% +a!e of 6a6er stri6s 6aste! on the tin. Ehen the can is rolle! away fro+ you% it win!s u6 the ru22er 2an!% thus storing the 6ro6elling 6ower which +a es it return. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Mac Eilson% .olu+2us% ,. Ho3 to M ,e Po*t0ol$o %++5'

Secure a 6iece of Dussian +o!eling calf leather of a siBe eJual to 1$ 2y 1) in. Ma e a 6a6er 6attern of the siBe in!icate! in the acco+6anying !rawing% 6utting in the !esign. The necessary tools consist of a stic with a straight e!ge an! a tool with an en! sha6e! li e that of a nut6ic . ( nut6ic with a V=sha6e! 6oint will !o if the shar6ness is s+oothe! off 2y +eans of a 6iece of e+ery 6a6er% so that it will in!ent without cutting the leather. These tools can 2e 2ought for this s6ecial 6ur6ose% 2ut are not essential for this 6iece if the nut6ic is at han!. There

7ortfolio Design will also 2e nee!e! a le<el% non=a2sor2ent surface u6on which to lay the leather while wor ing it. ( 6iece of thic glass% +etal% or +ar2le will ser<e.

Begin wor 2y +oistening the leather on the 2ac si!e with a s6onge or cloth. Moisten as +uch as you !are an! still not ha<e the +oisture show on the face si!e. /e5t 6lace the leather on the glass% face u6% an!% hol!ing the 6attern fir+ly in 6lace so that it will not sli6==if 6ossi2le get so+e one to hol! the 6attern for you==6lace the straight e!ge on the straight lines an! +ar out or in!ent. (fter this has 2een !one% +ar o<er the !esign. ( 6encil +ay 2e use! the first ti+e o<er. The 6attern is now to 2e re+o<e! an! all the lines gone o<er with the tool to +a e the+ !ee6 an! unifor+. The sur6lus stoc aroun! the e!ges +ay not 2e cut off. ( neat way to finish the e!ges is to 6unch a series of holes entirely aroun! through which a thin leather thong +ay 2e lace!. If it is !esire! to NlineN the insi!e% this shoul! 2e !one 2efore the holes are 6unche! or the lacing !one. Ge * 0o* Model Wo*, %++5' Ehen a gear is nee!e! to !ri<e a s+all 6inion an! there is none of the right siBe at han!% one can 2e +a!e in the following +anner4 Turn u6 a woo! !is to the 6ro6er !ia+eter an! 1GI in. thic er than the 6inion% an! cut a flat 2otto+ groo<e 'G1) in. !ee6 in its face. The e!ges shoul! 2e a2out 1G8 in. or +ore thic on each si!e. Measure the !istance 2etween centers of two a!8acent teeth in the 6inion an! ste6 this off aroun! the 6eri6hery in the 2otto+ of the groo<e. Drill holes into the woo! on each 6oint ste66e! off an! insert steel 6ins +a!e of wire% allowing

Steel 7ins in Eoo! the en! of each to 6rotru!e 8ust far enough to act as a tooth. In this way a goo! gear for light wor can 2e Juic ly an! chea6ly constructe!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Henry Schaefer% /ew -or .ity. A Ho!e7M de V$-e %++6' Ehile +a ing a 2o5 I ha! so+e !o<etailing to !o% an! as there was no

Vise on Bench <ise on the 2ench I rigge! u6 a su2stitute. I secure! a 2oar! 'GI in. thic % ' in. wi!e an! $0 in. long an! 2ore! a 1G$=in. hole through it% 1 in. fro+ each en!. The 2oar! was then attache! to the 2ench with two screws 6assing through washers an! the two holes

in the 2oar! into the 2ench to6. The screws shoul! 2e of a length suita2le to ta e in the 6iece to 2e wor e!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (. M. Dice% Syracuse% /ew -or . C *d.o *d S)$* l T4*"ed .< He t %++6' ( no<el attraction for a win!ow !is6lay can 2e +a!e fro+ a 6iece of stiff car!2oar! cut in a s6iral as shown in *ig. 1. The car!2oar! shoul! 2e a2out 7 or 8 in. in !ia+eter. Tie a 6iece of string to the center 6oint of the s6iral

S6iral .ut fro+ .ar!2oar! an! fasten it so as to hang o<er a gas 8et% *ig. $. ( s+all swi<el +ust 2e 6ut in the string at the to6 or near the car!2oar!% if it is !esire! to ha<e the s6iral run for any length of ti+e. The car!2oar! will s6in aroun! ra6i!ly an! 6resent Juite an attraction. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Harry SBerli6% Broo lyn% /. -. A Wo*,.e"(8 0o* t8e A! te4* %++6' The acco+6anying !etail !rawing shows a !esign of a 6orta2le wor 2ench suita2le for the a+ateur woo!wor er. This 2ench can 2e +a!e easily 2y anyone who has a few shar6 tools an! a little s6are ti+e. If the stoc is 6urchase! fro+ the +ill rea!y 6lane! an! cut to length% +uch of the har! la2or will 2e sa<e!. Birch or +a6le woo! +a es a <ery goo! 2ench an! the following 6ieces shoul! 2e or!ere! 4 I legs% ' 2y ' 2y '). $ si!e rails% ' 2y ' 2y )$=1G$ in. $ en! rails% ' 2y ' 2y $0 in. 1 2ac 2oar!% 1 2y & 2y 80 in. 1 to6 2oar!% $ 2y 1$ 2y 77 in. 1 to6 2oar!% 1 2y 1$ 2y 77 in. $ cross6ieces% 1=1G$ 2y ' 2y $I in. 1 6iece for cla+6% 1=1G$ 2y )=1G$ 2y 1$ in. 1 6iece for cla+6% 1=1G$ 2y )=1G$ 2y 1I in. I gui!es% $ 2y $ 2y 18 in. 1 screw 2loc % ' 2y ' 2y ) in. 1 6iece% 1=1G$ 2y I=1G$ 2y 10=1G$ in. Ma e the lower fra+e first. .ut tenons on the rails an! +ortise the 6osts% then fasten the+ securely together with 'G8 2y L=in. lag screws as shown. (lso fasten the 1= 1G$ 2y ' 2y $I=in. 6ieces to the to6s of the 6osts with screws. The hea!s shoul! 2e countersun or else holes 2ore! in the to6 2oar!s to fit o<er the+. *asten the front to6 2oar! to the cross6ieces 2y lag screws through fro+ the un!er si!e. The screws can 2e 6ut in fro+ the to6 for the 1=in. thic to6 2oar!. *asten the en! 6ieces on with screws% countersin ing the hea!s of the <ise en!. .ut the $=in. sJuare holes in the 1=1G$ 2y I=1G$ 2y 10=in. 6ieces for the <ise sli!es% an! fit it in 6lace for the si!e <ise. (lso cut sJuare holes in the one en! 6iece for the en! <ise sli!es as shown. /ow fit u6 the two cla+6s. *asten the sli!es to the front 6ieces with

screws. .ountersin the hea!s of the screws so they will not 2e in the way of the han!s when the <ise is use!. The two cla+6 screws shoul! 2e a2out 1=1G$ in. in !ia+eter. They can 2e 6urchase! at a har!ware store. ( 2loc shoul! 2e fitte! un!er the cross6iece to hol! the nut for the en! <ise. (fter

Detail of the Bench you ha<e the sli!es fitte!% 6ut the+ in 6lace an! 2ore the holes for the cla+6 screws. The 2ac 2oar! can now 2e fastene! to the 2ac with screws as shown in the to6 <iew. The 2ench is now co+6lete% e5ce6t for a cou6le of coats of oil which shoul! 2e a66lie! to gi<e it a finish an! 6reser<e the woo!. The a+ateur wor +an% as well as the 6attern +a er% will fin! this a <ery han!y an! ser<icea2le 2ench for his wor sho6. (s the a+ateur wor +an !oes not always now 8ust what tools he will nee!% a list is gi<en which will answer for a general class of wor . This list can 2e a!!e! to as the wor +an 2eco+es +ore 6roficient in his line an! has nee! for other tools. ,nly the long run. If each tool is e6t in a certain 6lace% it can 2e easily foun! when wante!. 1 2ench 6lane or 8ointerH 1 8ac 6lane or s+ootherH 1 cross cut saw% $I in.H 1 ri6 saw% $I in.H 1 claw ha++erH 1 set gi+letsH 1 2race an! set of 2itsH $ screw!ri<ers% ' an! ) in.H 1 countersin H 1 co+6ass sawH 1 set chiselsH 1 woo! scra6erH 1 +on ey wrenchH 1 $=ft. ruleH 1 +ar ing gaugeH 1 6air 6liersH 1 nail setH 1 6air !i<i!ersH 1 6oc et le<elH

1 )=in. try sJuareH 1 oilstoneH /o.1% $ an! 00 san!6a6er.

Eor 2ench .o+6lete Re) $*$"# Wo*" >"$0e Bl de %++8'

Ehen the 2la!e of a fa<orite 6oc et nife% after constant use% 2eco+es li e (% *ig. 1% it is +ore !angerous than

The Bla!e Is .ut Down useful. To cut !own the alrea!y worn 2la!e woul! lea<e only a stu+6% 2ut if the 2la!e is fastene! in a <ise an! the 6oint B file! off until it is li e .% *ig. $% the 6ro8ecting 6oint (% *ig. 1% will sin into the han!le as shown at D% *ig. '% an! the nife will 2e gi<en a new lease of usefulness. ===.ontri2ute! 2y Ja+es M. Fane% Doylestown% 7a. Ho3 to M ,e Le t8e* S)e(t (le C -e %++8'

The s6ectacle case shown in the acco+6anying illustration +ay 2e +a!e of either calf or cow s in. The calf s in% 2eing softer% will 2e easier to wor % 2ut will not +a e

as rigi! a case as the cow s in. If calf s in is to 2e use!% secure a 6iece of +o!eling calf. The e5tre+e wi!th of the case is $='G8 in. an! the length )=LG8 in. Two 6ieces will 2e reJuire! of this siBe. 7ut on the !esign 2efore the two 6arts are sewe! together. *irst !raw the !esign on 6a6er% then 6re6are the leather. 7lace the leather on a s+all non=a2sor2ent surface% such as co66er or 2rass% an! +oisten the 2ac si!e with as +uch water as it will ta e an! still not show on the face si!e. Turn the leather% lay the !esign on the face% an! hol! it in 6lace while 2oth the outline an! !ecoration are trace! on the surface with a 6encil or so+e tool that will +a e a shar6 line without tearing the 6a6er. (fter the outlines are trace!% go o<er the in!entations a secon! ti+e so as to +a e the+ shar6 an! !istinct. There are s6ecial +o!eling tools that can 2e 6urchase! for this 6ur6ose% 2ut a V=sha6e! nut 6ic % if s+oothe! with e+ery 6a6er so that it will not cut the leather% will !o 8ust as well. Ta e a sti66ling tool==if no such tool is at han!% a cu6=6ointe! nail set will !o==an! sta+6 the 2ac groun!. It is inten!e! that the full !esign shall 2e 6lace! on the 2ac an! the sa+e !esign 6lace! on the front as far as the +aterial will allow. Be careful in sta+6ing not to 6oun! so har! as to cut the leather. ( little ru22ing on the 6oint with e+ery will ta e off the shar6ness always foun! on a new tool. Ha<ing 6re6are! the two si!es% they +ay 2e 6lace! together an! sewe! aroun! the e!ges. If cow hi!e is 6referre!% the sa+e +etho! of treat+ent is use!% 2ut a for+ will nee! to 2e +a!e an! 6lace! insi!e the case while the leather is !rying to gi<e it the right sha6e. The for+ can 2e +a!e of a stic of woo!.

Two Designs of .ases W te*)*oo0$"# W ll %++:'

The 2est way to +a e a tinte! wall water6roof is to first use a +aterial co+6ose! of ce+ent 6ro6erly tinte! an! with no glue in it==one that will not reJuire a glue siBe on the wall. (fter this coating of ce+ent is a66lie! !irectly to the 6laster% co<er it co+6letely with water ena+el an!% when !ry% gi<e the surface a thorough coating of <arnish. This will +a e a 6erfectly i+6er<ious co<ering% which stea+% water or heat will not affect. == .ontri2ute! 2y Julia (. Ehite% /ew -or .ity.

Pol$-8$"# Fl t S4*0 (e- %++:'

The wor of finishing a nu+2er of 2rass castings with flat si!es was acco+6lishe! on an or!inary 6olishing wheel% fro+ which the first few layers of cloth were re+o<e! an! re6lace! with e+ery cloth. The e+ery surface of the cloth was 6lace! outwar! an! tri++e! to the sa+e !ia+eter as the wheel. This +a!e a san!ing an! 6olishing wheel in one. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .hester 0. .o22% 7ortlan!% Maine. R4..e* T$) 0o* C8 $* Le#- %++:'

(n ine56ensi<e +etho! of 6re<enting a chair fro+ scratching the floor is to 2ore a hole of the 6ro6er siBe in the 2otto+ en! of each chair leg an! then 6rocure four ru22er sto66ers of unifor+ siBe an! 6ress the+ into 6lace. This cushion of ru22er eli+inates <i2rations% an! they will not sli6 nor +ar the finest surface u6on which they rest. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. (. JaJuythe% Dich+on!% .al. AdF4-t$"# Pl4!.7Bo. L$"e %++:'

Ehen 6lu+2ing a 6iece of wor % if there is no hel6 at han! to hol! the o<erhea! line% it is co++on 6ractice to fasten the 6lu+2 line to a nail or other suita2le 6ro8ection. ,n co+ing !own to the lower floor it is often foun! that the 2o2 has 2een secure! either too high or too low. Ehen fastening the line gi<e it 6lenty of slac an! when the lower floor is reache! +a e a !ou2le loo6 in the line% as shown in the s etch. Tightening u6 on the 6arts (( will 2in! the loo6 2ight B% an! an a!8usta2le friction=hel! loo6% .% will 2e ha! for a!8usting the 2o2 accurately either u6 or !own. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .has. Herr+an% /ew -or .ity.

D*$e* 0o* Foot3e * %++:' ( !rier for footwear can 2e rea!ily +a!e 2y a tinner% or anyone that can sha6e tin an! sol!er. The !rier consists of a 6i6e of sufficient length to enter the longest 2oot leg. Its to6 is 2ent at right angles an! the other en! is ri<ete! to a 2ase% an in<erte! stew6an% for instance% in whose 2otto+ a few 6erforations ha<e 2een +a!e to let air in. The 2oot or stoc ing to 2e !rie! is 6lace! o<er the 6i6e an! the whole set on a heate! surface. The heat will cause a ra6i! circulation of air which will !ry the article Juic ly. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E+. Do2erts% .a+2ri!ge% Mass.

Re) $*$"# A Rolle* S8 de %++:' ( <ery satisfactory re6air can 2e +a!e 2y using a goo! 6hotogra6hic 6aste to fasten a torn win!ow sha!e to its roller. A S8ot S(oo) %+/0' In the a++unition !e6art+ent of our har!ware store the shot was e6t in regular sJuare 2ins an! !ishe! out

( S+all SJuare Scoo6 Ma!e of Tin for Di66ing 16 Shot Store! in a SJuare Bin with a roun!=2otto+ scoo6. This was <ery !ifficult% es6ecially when the 2otto+ of the 2in was nearly reache!% as the roun! scoo6 woul! roll o<er the+ an! only 6ic u6 a few at a ti+e. To o<erco+e this !ifficulty I constructe! a sJuare=sha6e! scoo6 that ga<e entire satisfaction. The scoo6 can 2e use! for other 6ur6oses as well. ( thic 6iece of tin% )=1GI 2y &='GI in.% was +ar e! out as shown% the 6attern 2eing cut on the full lines an! 2ent on the !otte! ones. The stri6 for the han!le was ri<ete! to the en! of the scoo6. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. B. Eright% Mi!!letown% .onn.

Re!o1$"# G*e -e St $"- 0*o! t8e Le 1e- o0

Boo, %+/0'

Ha66ening to get a grease s6ot on a 6age of a <alua2le 2oo % I foun! a way to re+o<e it without in8ury to the 6a6er% which has 2een trie! out se<eral ti+es with success. Heat an iron an! hol! it as near as 6ossi2le to the stain without !iscoloring the 6a6er% an! the grease will !isa66ear. If any traces of the grease are left% a66ly 6ow!ere! calcine! +agnesia. Bone% well calcine! an! 6ow!ere!% an! 6laster of 7aris are also e5cellent a2sor2ents of grease. ( 2eautifully 2oun! 2oo % an! Juite new% ha! oil fro+ a la+6 s6ille! o<er it. There was no Juic li+e to 2e ha!% so so+e 2ones were Juic ly calcine!% 6ul<eriBe! an! a66lie!. The ne5t +orning there was no trace of oil% 2ut only an o!or which soon <anishe!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 7aul Feller% In!iana6olis% In!. T$#8te"$"# C "e $" F4*"$t4*e %+/0' S6lit cane% use! as 6art of furniture% such as chair seats% often 2eco+es loose an! the threa!s of cane 6ull out. This can 2e 6re<ente! 2y s6onging with hot water% or 2y a66lying stea+ing cloths to the cane. This 6rocess also tightens the shre!s of cane an! !oes not in8ure or!inary furniture. If the article is highly 6olishe!% care shoul! 2e ta en to 6re<ent the hot water fro+ co+ing in contact with anything 2ut the cane. Cle "e* 0o* Sto1e)$)e %+/0'

( long horiBontal 6i6e for a sto<e soon fills with soot an! +ust 2e cleane!. The usual +etho! is to 2eat the 6i6e after ta ing it !own to 2e cleane!% 2ut a +uch 2etter !e<ice for the 6ur6ose is shown in the s etch. ( scru2 2rush is 6rocure! an! cut in two% the 6arts 2eing hinge! to a cross6iece fastene! to a long 2roo+ han!le. The 2rushes are 6resse! outwar! against the insi!e surfaces of the 6i6e with a wire an! s6ring% as shown. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. 0. Her2ert% .hicago% Illinois.

Mo4"t$"# P8oto P*$"t- o" Gl -- %+/&' 7hotogra6h 6rints can 2e +ounte! on glass with an a!hesi<e +a!e 2y soa ing 1 oB. of sheet gelatine in col! water to saturation% then !issol<ing in '=1G$ oB. of 2oiling water. 0et the solution cool to a2out 110 !eg. *.% then i++erse the 6rint in it an! sJueegee% face !own% on a clear 6iece of glass. Ehen !ry% ta e a !a+6 cloth or soft s6onge an! wi6e off any sur6lus gelatine on the glass. D*o))$"# Co$"- $" Gl -- F4ll o0 W te* %+/&'

Ta e a glass an! fill it to the 2ri+ with water% ta ing care that the surface of the water is raise! a little a2o<e the e!ge of the glass% 2ut not running o<er. 7lace a nu+2er of nic els or !i+es on the ta2le near the glass an! as your s6ectators how +any coins can 2e 6ut into the water without +a ing it o<erflow. /o !ou2t the re6ly will 2e that the water will run o<er 2efore two coins are !ro66e! in. But it is 6ossi2le to 6ut in ten or twel<e of the+. Eith a great !eal of care the coins +ay 2e +a!e to fall without !istur2ing the water% the surface of which will 2eco+e +ore an! +ore con<e5 2efore the water o<erflows.

Hollo37G*$"d$"# I(e S, te- %+/&' The acco+6anying s etch illustrates a 6ractical +etho! of cla+6ing ice s ates to hol! the+ for grin!ing the s+all arc of a circle so +uch !esire!. The 1=sha6e! cla+6s are +a!e of 'GI=in. soft steel with the o6ening ) in. !ee6 an! L in. high an! are 2olte! to a 2loc of woo!% $ in. thic % ) in. wi!e an! 1$ in. long. The s ate runner is a!8uste! to the 6ro6er height 2y 1G$=in.. set an! thu+2screws. The 2loc

S ate Dunner *astene! in .la+6 of woo! hol!ing the cla+6 an! s ate can 2e 6ushe! along on the e+ery=wheel ta2le in front of the re<ol<ing wheel. If 6ro6erly a!8uste!% a slight conca<e or hollow can 2e +a!e full length of the runner% true an! unifor+ which will hol! on the ice si!eways an! not retar! the forwar! +o<e+ent. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. (. Howe% Tarrytown% /ew -or . Ho3 to M ,e B$(<(le Co -t$"# Sled %+/&'

The acco+6anying !rawing an! s etch illustrate a new ty6e of coasting sle! 2uilt on the 2icycle 6rinci6le. This coaster is si+6le an! easy to +a e% says Scientific (+erican. It is constructe! of a goo! Juality of 6ine. The 6ieces +ar e! S are single% an! shoul! 2e a2out 1 2y 1=1G$ in.H the 6ieces

Has the 0ines of a Bicycle +ar e! D are !ou2le or in !u6licate% an! shoul! 2e 1G$ 2y 1=1G$ in.

.oasting The runners are sho! with iron an! are 6i<ote! to the u6rights as shown% !ou2le 6ieces 2eing secure! to the u6rights to +a e a for . The seat is a 2oar!% to the un!ersi!e of which is a 2loc % which !ro6s !own 2etween the two to6 slats an! is secure! with a 6in. ( footrest is 6ro<i!e! consisting of a short cross6iece secure! to the front of the fra+e an! resting on the two lower slats. The fra+e an! front for are hinge! together with four short eye2olts% #% with a short 2olt through each 6air as shown. S)ell$"# N !e- 3$t8 P8oto Lette*- %+/+' There are% no !ou2t% +any a+ateur 6hotogra6hers who +a e only occasional tri6s afiel! or through the +ore tra<ele! thoroughfares with their ca+eras !uring the winter +onths. #ach one is generally intereste! in wor ing u6 the negati<es that he or she +a!e !uring the su++er or on that last <acation into sou<enir 6ost car!s% al2u+s an! the li e% for sen!ing to frien!s. Illustrate! herewith is so+ething !ifferent fro+ the al2u+ or 6hotogra6hic calen!ar. The letters for+ing 6art of the wor! 7,710(D are goo! e5a+6les of this wor . The +as s which outline the letters are cut fro+ the 2lac 6a6er in which 6lates co+e 6ac e!. Their siBe !e6en!s on the 6late use!. ( shar6 nife% a s+ooth 2oar! an! a straighte!ge are all the tools nee!e!% says .a+era .raft. If the letters are all cut the sa+e height% they will loo re+ar a2ly unifor+% e<en if one is not s ille! in the wor of for+ing the+ all in accor!ance with the rules. Be sure to ha<e the 6rints a little larger than the letters to insure a sufficient +argin in tri++ing% so as to ha<e a white +argin aroun! the finishe! letters. The 2est +etho! is to use a goo! 6air of scissors or a shar6 nife. Many co+2inations can 2e +a!e of these letter 6ictures to s6ell out the reci6ientCs na+e or the seasonCs greeting. During the holi!ays the letters +ay 2e +a!e fro+ winter scenes

to s6ell N( Merry .hrist+asN or N( Ha66y /ew -ear.N (n #aster greeting +ay ha<e +ore s6ring=li e su28ects an! a 2irth!ay re+e+2rance a fitting +onth. The 6rints are no +ore !ifficult to +a e than the or!inary in!. In cutting out an 0% for e5a+6le% !o not forget to cut out a 6iece to corres6on! to the center. This 6iece can 2e 6lace! on the 6rinting 6a6er after the outline +as has 2een lai! !own% using care to get it in the right 6osition% an! closing the fra+e carefully so that the s+all 6iece will not 2e !istur2e!. The letters shoul! 2e of the in! to gi<e as large an area of surface to ha<e as +uch of the 6icture show as 6ossi2le. Ehat the 6rinter calls 2lac face letters are the +ost suita2le.

0etters Ma!e fro+ 6hotogra6hs By cutting the letters out of 2lac 6a6er in a soli! for+% an! using these as a +as for a secon! 6rinting after 6rinting the full siBe of the negati<es% these letter 6ictures can 2e +a!e with a 2lac 2or!er. So +a!e% they can 2e tri++e! to a unifor+ 2lac line all aroun!H an!% +ounte! on a white car! an! 6hotogra6he! !own to 6ost car! siBe% the greeting so s6elle! out +a es a +ost uniJue sou<enir. (nother a66lication of the letters in co6ying is to 6aste the+ on a white car! as 2efore% tri+ the car! e<en with the 2otto+s of the letters% stan! the stri6 of car! on a +irror lai! flat on a ta2le% an! then 6hotogra6h 2oth the letters an! their reflections so as to nicely fill a 6ost car!. Still another suggestion is to cut out the letters% after% 6asting the 6rints on so+e thin car!% an! then arrange the+ in the !esire! or!er to s6ell out the na+e or greeting% 2ut with flowers inters6erse! an! for+ing a 2ac groun!% 6hotogra6hing the+ !own to the !esire! siBe. ( thir! +eans of securing a no<el effect 2y 6hotogra6hing !own an arrange+ent of the letters is to ha<e the+ cut out in stiff for+ as in the last +etho!H +ount the+ on short 6ieces of cor s% in turn fastene! to a white car! for+ing the 2ac groun!. So arrange!% the letters will stan! out fro+ the car! a2out 1G$ in. If they are now 6lace! in a light falling fro+ the si!e an! slightly in front% each letter will cast a sha!ow u6on the 2ac groun!% an! in the finishe! 6rint the letters will loo as if sus6en!e! in the air in front of the surface of the car!. Hold$"# Loo-e S(*e3 %+//'

( 6iece of sheet lea! 6ut on each si!e of a screw will fill u6 an! hol! the threa!s in a too large hole. A C8e(,e* Bo *d P4AAle %+//' 7lace eight chec er +en u6on the chec er 2oar! as shown in the first row in the s etch. The 6uBBle is to get

7lacing the .hec ers the+ in four 6iles of two +en each without o+itting to 8u+6 o<er two chec er +en e<ery ti+e a +o<e is +a!e. The first +o<e is to 8u+6 L o<er I an! ' on $ which is shown in the secon! row% then 8u+6 ' o<er I an! ) on 7 an! the 6ositions will a66ear as shown in the thir! rowH 8u+6 1 o<er $ an! L on I to get the +en 6lace! li e the fourth row an! the last +o<e is to 8u+6 8 o<er ' an! 7 on ) which will +a e the four 6iles of two +en each as shown in the fifth row.=.ontri2ute! 2y I. 9. Bayley% .a6e May 7oint% /.J. A Ho!e7M de R ..$t T* ) %+//'

Da22it in the Tra6 ( goo! ser<icea2le ra22it tra6 can 2e +a!e 2y sin ing a co++on !ry goo!s 2o5 in the groun! to within ) in. of its to6. ( hole ) or 7 in. sJuare is cut in each en! le<el with the earthCs surface an! 2o5es 18 in. long that will 8ust fit are set in% hung on 6i<ots% with the longest en! outsi!e% so they will lie horiBontal. ( ra22it +ay now loo through the two tu2es% says the (+erican Thresher+an. The 2ait is hung on a string fro+ the to6 of the large 2o5 so that it +ay 2e seen an! s+elle! fro+ the outsi!e. The ra22it naturally goes into the holes an! in this tra6 there is nothing to awa en his sus6icion. He s+ells the 2ait% sJueeBes along 6ast the center of the tu2e% when it tilts !own an! the ga+e is shot into the 6it% the tu2e righting itself at once for another catch. The to6 an! si!es of the large 2o5 +ay 2e co<ere! with lea<es% snow or anything to hi!e it. ( !oor 6lace! in the to6 will ena2le the tra66er to ta e out the ani+als. By 6lacing a little hay or other foo! in the 2otto+ of the 2o5 the tra6 nee! not 2e <isite! oftener than once a wee . Old7T$!e M #$( 7 C8 "#$"# B4tto" $"to Co$" %+/2'

7lace a 2utton in the 6al+ of the left han!% then 6lace a coin 2etween the secon! an! thir! fingers of the right han!. Fee6 the right han! face! !own an! the left han!

face! u6% so as to conceal the coin an! e56ose the 2utton. Eith a Juic +otion 2ring the left han! un!er the right% sto6 Juic an!

Ma ing the .hange the 2utton will go u6 the right=han! coat slee<e. 7ress the han!s together% allowing the coin to !ro6 into the left han!% then e56ose again% or ru2 the han!s a little 2efore !oing so% saying that you are ru22ing a 2utton into a coin. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0. #. 7ar er% 7ocatello% I!aho. B4tto"8ole T*$(, %+/2' This tric is 6erfor+e! with a s+all stic ha<ing a loo6 attache! that is too s+all for the stic to 6ass through. S6rea! out the string an! 6lace it each si!e of the 2uttonhole% then !raw the cloth aroun! the hole through the string until it is far enough to 6ass the stic through the hole. 7ull 2ac the cloth an! you ha<e the string loo6e! in

the hole with a hitch the sa+e as if the stic ha! 2een 6asse! through the string. The stic +ay 2e re+o<e! 2y 6ulling u6 the loo6 as if you were 6assing the stic through it% 6utting the stic in the hole an! lea<ing the string on the outsi!e% then s6rea! the string% 6ulling u6 the cloth an! 6assing the stic through the hole as 2efore. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .harles 9raha+% 7awtuc et% Dho!e Islan!. Ho3 to Re!o1e P )e* 0*o! St !)- %+/2' ,l! sta+6s as they are 6urchase! usually ha<e a 6art of the en<elo6e fro+ which they are ta en stic ing to the+ an! in re+o<ing this 6a6er +any <alua2le sta+6s are torn or ruine!. 7lace all the sta+6s that are stuc to 6ieces of en<elo6es in hot water an! in a short ti+e they can 2e se6arate! without in8ury. Dry the sta+6s 2etween two white 2lotters. Sta+6s re+o<e! in this way will ha<e a +uch 2etter a66earance when 6lace! in an al2u+. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0. SBerli6% Broo lyn% /. -. I!$t t$o" A*!- "d A*!o* PART I %+/5'

9enuine antiJue swor!s an! ar+or% as use! 2y the nights an! sol!iers in the !ays of ol!% are <ery e56ensi<e an! at the 6resent ti+e 6ractically i+6ossi2le to o2tain. The acco+6anying illustration shows four !esigns of swor!s that anyone can +a e% an! if carefully +a!e% they will loo <ery +uch li e the genuine article. The !rawings are so 6lain that the a+ateur ar+orer shoul! ha<e <ery little !ifficulty% if any% in 2uil!ing u6 his wor fro+ the illustrations% whether he reJuires a single swor! only% or a co+6lete suit of ar+or% full siBe. The 6ieces. or !esigns in this article are fro+ authentic sources% says the #nglish Mechanic% so that where na+es are gi<en the a+ateur can so la2el the+% an! will there2y greatly a!! to their interest an! <alue. (n e5ecutionersC swor! of the fifteenth century is shown in *ig. 1. The 2la!e shoul! 2e a2out $7 in. long with a han!le of sufficient length to 2e gras6e! 2y 2oth han!s. The wi!th of the 2la!e near the han!le is a2out $=1G$ in.% ta6ering !own to 1=1G$ in. near the 6oint en!. Se<eral ri!ges are cut aroun! the han!le to 6er+it a fir+ gri6. The cross guar! is flat an! a2out 1 in. in wi!th. Mar out the sha6e an! siBe of the 2la!e on a 6iece of woo! 1G8 in. thic % using a straighte!ge an! a 6encil% an! allowing a few inches +ore in length on which to fasten the han!le. .ut out the woo! with a scroll saw or a eyhole saw% tri+ the e!ges !own thin an! s+ooth 2oth surfaces with fine san!6a6er. The en! for the han!le is cut a2out 1 in. wi!e an! $ in. long. The cross guar! is cut out an! a hole +a!e in the center through which to 6ass the han!le en! of the 2la!e. The han!le is ne5t +a!e% an! if the a+ateur !oes not 6ossess a lathe on which to turn the sha6e of the han!le% the ri!ges aroun! the woo! +ay 2e i+itate! 2y gluing an! tac ing on 6ieces of s+all ro6e. The han!le is then +ortise! to recei<e the 1 2y $=in. en! of the 2la!e. The cross guar! is now glue! an! 6lace!

*ig. 1

*ig. $

*ig. '

*ig. I

on the 2la!e% then the hole in the han!le is well glue! with glue that is not too thic an! Juite hot. The 2la!e with the cross guar! is inserte! in the han!le an! allowe! to set. Ehen the glue is thoroughly !ry% re+o<e the sur6lus with a shar6 nife an! 6aint the han!le with 2rown% !ar re!% or green oil 6aint. The 2la!e is co<ere! with tinfoil to gi<e it the a66earance of steel. Secure so+e 6ieces of tinfoil an! cut one stri6 1G$ in. wi!er than the 2la!e an! the other 1GI in. narrower. @uic ly 6aint the 2la!e well with thin glue on one si!e.% then lay e<enly an! 6ress on the narrow stri6 of tinfoil. 9lue the other si!e of the 2la!e% 6ut on the wi!er stri6 of tinfoil an! glue the o<erla66ing e!ge an! 6ress it aroun! an! on the surface of the narrow stri6. The cross guar! +ust 2e co<ere! with tinfoil in the sa+e +anner as the 2la!e. Ehen the whole is Juite !ry% wi6e the 2la!e

with light stro es u6 an! !own se<eral ti+es% using a soft an! !ry 6iece of cloth. The swor! is then rea!y to hang in its chosen 6lace as a !ecoration% not for use only in cases of ta2leau5% for which this article will 2e es6ecially useful to those who are arranging li<ing 6ictures wherein swor!s an! ar+or are 6art of the 6ara6hernalia. ( .hinese sci+itar is shown in *ig. $. The han!le of this swor! is o<al an! co<ere! with 6laite! cor!. In +a ing this sci+itar% follow the !irections as for *ig. 1% e5ce6t that the han!le has to 2e co<ere! with a roun! 2lac cor!. If it is foun! !ifficult to 6lait the cor! on the han!le as in the illustration% win! it aroun! in a continuous line closely together% an! finish 2y fastening with a little glue an! a s+all tac !ri<en through the cor! into the han!le. The 6o++el is a circular 6iece of woo!% 1G8 in. thic an! L in. in !ia+eter. The length of the han!le% allowing for a goo! hol! with 2oth han!s% shoul! 2e a2out & in.% the length of the 2la!e $8 in.% the wi!th near the 6o++el 1=1G$ in. an! ' in. in the wi!est 6art at the lower en!. The shar6 or cutting e!ge is only on the short si!e% the other is flat or half=roun!. ( Tur ish sa2re of ancient +anufacture fro+ .onstantino6le is shown in *ig. '. The han!le is 6ainte! a !ull crea+y white in i+itation of i<ory. The ena+el 6aint sol! in s+all tins will answer well for this 6ur6ose. The cross guar! an! 2la!e are co<ere! as !escri2e! in *ig. 1. The shar6 e!ge is on the longer cur<e! si!e% the other is flat or half= roun!. ( two=han!e! swor! use! in the 1Ith an! 1Lth centuries is shown in *ig. I. This swor! is a2out )8 in. long% has a cross guar! an! 2la!e of steel with a roun! woo! han!le 6ainte! 2lac . The 2all or 6o++el on to6 of the han!le is steel. Both e!ges of the 2la!e are shar6. This swor! is +a!e in woo! the sa+e as !escri2e! for *ig. 1. A Do1et $l ?o$"t P4AAle %+/6' ( si+6le 2ut <ery ingenious e5a+6le in 8oinery is illustrate!. In the finishe! 6iece% *ig. 1% the !o<etail a66ears on each si!e of the sJuare stic of

How the Joint Is .ut woo!% the illustration% of course% shows only two si!es% the other two are i!entical. The 8oint is se6ara2le an! each 6art is soli! an! of one 6iece. In +a ing% ta e two 6ieces of woo!% 6refera2ly of contrasting colors% such as cherry an! walnut or +ahogany an! 2o5woo!% a2out 1=1G$ in. sJuare an! of any length !esire!. .ut the !o<etail on one en! of each stic as shown in *ig. $% !ri<e together an! then 6lane off the triangular corners +ar e! (. The en! of each 6iece after the !o<etails are cut a66ear as shown in *ig. '% the lines +ar ing the 6ath of the !o<etail through the stic . R d$ to* W te* %+/6' 7ure rain water is the 2est to use in a cooling syste+ of an auto+o2ile engine% as it is

free fro+ the +ineral su2stances which are !e6osite! in the ra!iator% 6i6ing an! 8ac ets 2y har! water. S)*$"#.o *d 0o* S3$!!e*- %+/7' ( goo! s6ring2oar! a!!s +uch to the fun of swi++ing. The 2oar!s are generally +a!e so that the 6lan will 2en!% 2eing !resse! !own thin at one en! an! fastene!. The thinness of the 6lan % or an insecure fastening% causes +any a 6lan to sna6 in two or co+e loose fro+ its fastenings in a short ti+e. The acco+6anying s etch shows the +etho! of constructing a s6ring2oar! that !oes not !e6en! u6on the 2en!ing of the woo! for its s6ring. It is +a!e of a 6lan % $ in. thic an! fro+ 1I to 1) ft. long% one en! of which is secure! with a hinge arrange+ent ha<ing a 1=sha6e! ro! whose en!s are hel! with nuts. ,n each e!ge of the 2oar!% at the lower en!% are fastene! two 6ieces of stra6 iron% each a2out 1 ft. long an! with the lower en!s !rille! to fit the horiBontal of the 1=sha6e! ro!. Secure a 6air of light 2uggy s6rings fro+ a !iscar!e! rig an! attach the+ to the en!s of a sJuare 2ar of iron ha<ing a length eJual to the wi!th of the 6lan . *asten this to the 6lan with 2olts% as shown in the s etch. Shoul! the s6rings 2e too high they can 2e +o<e! forwar!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John Bla e% *ran lin% Mass.

Buggy S6rings 1se! 2eneath the Boar! T ,$"# B4tto" 0*o! C8$ld;- No-t*$l %+/7'

( three=year=ol! chil! snuffe! a 2utton u6 its nostril an! the +other% in an atte+6t to re+o<e it% ha! cause! the 2utton to 2e 6ushe! farther u6 the channel. Doctors 6ro2e! for the 2utton without success. The !istracte! +other ha66ene! to thin of snuff% an!% as there was so+e at han!% too a 6inch of snuff 2etween the thu+2 an! forefinger an! hel! it close to the chil!Cs nose. The <iolent sneeBing cause! the 2utton to 2e 2lown out. Such an acci!ent +ay co+e un!er the o2ser<ation of any 6arent% an! if so% this +etho! can 2e use! to relie<e the chil! when +e!ical assistance is not at han!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Fatharine D. Morse% Syracuse% /. -. B* -- F* !e $" Re)o4--G %+/7' 7unches can 2e 6urchase!% as can the 6itch 2e! or 2loc . Both can 2e +a!e easily% howe<er. Se<eral 6unches of !ifferent siBes an! sha6es will 2e nee!e!. ( 6iece of +il! steel% a2out 'G8 in. sJuare% can 2e easily wor e! into tools sha6e! as !esire!. ( col!

chisel will 2e nee!e! to cut the +etal to lengthH a file to re!uce the en!s to sha6e% an! a 6iece of e+ery 6a6er to s+ooth an! 6olish the en! of the tool so that it will not scar the +etal. ( s+all +etal 2o5 +ust 2e secure! to hol! the 6itch. The illustration shows an iron rece6tacle. The 6itch is 6re6are! 2y heating the following +aterials in these 6ro6ortions4 6itch% L l2.H 6laster of 7aris% L l2.H tallow% 1G$

Design for the *ra+e l2. To 6ut it in another way% use 6itch an! 6laster in eJual 6arts with 1G10 6art tallow. See that the 6itch an! 6laster are !ry so that the +oisture will not cause the 6itch to 2oil o<er. Fee6 stirring the +ass so that it ne<er 2oils. Melt the 6itch first an! a!! the 6laster 2y !egrees. *or a 6iece of re6oussU such as the fra+e shown% secure a 6iece of 2rass of a2out /o. 18 gauge. Eith car2on 6a6er trace the !esign on the 2rass. 7lace the +etal on the 6itch 2e! an! wor o<er the outline of the !esign. 1se the chisel=e!ge! tool an! try to

Eor ing ,ut The Design +a e the lines continuous. Ehen this has 2een !one% heat the 6itch slightly an! 6lace the +etal% !esign !own% on the 6itch% an! with the raising 6unches wor u6 the sha6e as !esire! after the 6itch has har!ene!. Ehen the !esire! for+ has 2een o2taine!% turn the +etal o<er an! Ntouch u6N any 6laces i+6ro6erly raise!. The +etal will 6ro2a2ly 2e war6e! so+ewhat. To re+e!y this% 6lace a 2oar! on the +etal an! 6oun! until the +etal assu+es a flat sha6e again. /e5t !rill a hole in the center waste an! saw out for the o6ening% using a s+all +etal saw. Tri+ u6 the e!ges an! file the+

s+ooth. .lean the +etal thoroughly% using 6ow!ere! 6u+ice with lye. .otton 2atting fastene! to the en! of a stic will +a e a goo! 2rush. 16on the cleanse! +etal 6ut a lacJuer to 6re<ent tarnishing. Metal cli6s +ay 2e sol!ere! to the 2ac to hol! the 6icture in 6lace an! also a +etal stri6 to hol! the fra+e u6right. These shoul! 2e 6lace! 2efore the +etal is lacJuere!. F$"d$"# t8e Ho*-e)o3e* o0 S! ll Moto*- %+/8' ( s+all +otor often e5cites curiosity as to its true horse6ower% or fraction of a horse6ower. 9uesses in this !irection <ary re+ar a2ly for the sa+e +otor or engine. It is co+6arati<ely easy to !eter+ine the horse6ower 6ut out 2y al+ost any +achine 2y the following +etho! which is inten!e! for s+all 2attery +otors an! s+all stea+ engines. Before gi<ing the !escri6tion% it +ay 2e well to now what horse6ower +eans. Horse6ower is the rate of wor an! a unit is eJual to ''%000 ft. l2. 6er +inute% or LL0 ft. l2. 6er secon!. That is lifting ''%000 l2. 1 ft. in one +inute or LL0 l2. 1 ft. in one secon!. This +ay 2e a66lie! to the 6ro2le+ of fin!ing the horse6ower of a +otor 2y fastening a 6iece of twine a2out $L ft. long to the shaft of the engine or +otor to 2e teste! in such a way that when the shaft re<ol<es it will win! u6 the string si+ilar to a win!lass. 7lace the +otor in such a 6osition that the twine will hang freely without touching anything4 out of a high win!ow will !o. *asten a weight to the other en! of the line as hea<y as the +otor or engine can lift an! still run. It +ust weigh enough to slow the 6ower !own a little% 2ut not to sto6 it. Mar the 6osition of the weight an! start the +otor% at the sa+e ti+e accurately +easuring ti+e in +inutes an! secon!s it ta es to lift the weight fro+ the lowest 6oint to the highest. /e5t +easure accurately the !istance in feet co<ere! 2y the weight in its ascent an! o2tain the correct weight in 6oun!s of the weight. Multi6ly the weight 2y the !istance co<ere! an! !i<i!e the result 2y the nu+2er of +inutes or fraction of a +inute o2taine! an! !i<i!e this last result 2y ''%000 an! the Juotient will 2e the horse6ower of the +otor or engine. 7erha6s an illustration will +a e this solution +uch 6lainer. Su66ose the +otor will lift a weight of 1 l2. an! still re<ol<e% '0 ft. in 10 secon!s or 1G) of a +inute. Multi6lying 1 2y '0 we get '0% which !i<i!e! 2y 1G) gi<es 180. This in turn !i<i!e! 2y ''%000 eJuals in roun! nu+2ers 1G$00 6art of a horse6ower. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Harol! H. .utter. Ill4-$o" 0o* W$"do3 Att* (t$o" %+/:' 9ol! fish an! canary 2ir!s% li<ing together in what see+s li e one rece6tacle% +a e an unusual show win!ow attraction. Secure two glass <essels ha<ing straight si!es of the sa+e height% one 18 in. in !ia+eter :*ig. 1; an! the other 1$ in. in !ia+eter :*ig. $;. The s+aller is 6lace! within the larger% the 2otto+s 2eing co<ere! with +oss an! aJuariu+ !ecorations which can 2e 6urchase! at a 2ir! store. *ill the '=in. s6ace 2etween the <essels with water. .ut a 6iece of gal<aniBe! screen into circular for+ to co<er the larger <essel% an! hang a 2ir! swing% (% *ig. '% in the center. 7lace the screen on to6 of the <essels so that the swing will hang in the center of the inner <essel. ( weight==a 2o5 fille! with san! will !o==shoul! 2e 6lace! on to6 of the screen% o<er the s+aller <essel% to ee6 it fro+ floating. Moss shoul! 2e 6ut o<er the to6 of the screen so that the two se6arate <essels can not 2e seen.

18 in. Dia+eter 1$ in. Dia+eter *ig. 1 *ig. $

*ig.' *ig.I Bir!s an! *ish (66arently Together 7lace the 2ir!s in the inner <essel an! the fish in the water. The effect is sur6rising. To co+6lete the effect an! ai! the illusion the <essels can 2e set in a 2o5 line! with 2lac <el<et% or on a 6e!estal. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. *. .a+62ell% So+er<ille% Mass. Cle "e* 0o* W8$te S8oe- %+/:' *inely groun! whiting +i5e! with water to the consistency of 6aste +a es a <ery goo! coating for white shoes. ( 2rush can 2e use! in a66lying the +i5ture which will !ry in a few +inutes. It is 2est to +i5 only as +uch 6aste as reJuire! for i++e!iate use. ==.ontri2ute!. 2y 0. SBerli6% Broo lyn% /. -. C*o--$"# Belt L (e- %+/:' Belt laces shoul! ne<er cross on the si!e ne5t to the 6ulley as they will cut the+sel<es in two. Ho3 to M ,e C "dle-t$(, Holde* %+20'

( can!lestic of <ery si+6le construction an! !esign can 2e +a!e as follows4 Secure a 6iece of 2rass or

.an!le Hol!er .o+6lete

co66er of /o. $' gauge of a siBe sufficient to +a e the 6ieces !etaile! in the acco+6anying s etch. ( ri<eting ha++er an! a 6air of 6liers will 2e nee!e!% also a 6air of tin shears an! a 6iece of +etal u6on which to ri<et. .ut out a 6iece of +etal for the 2ase to a siBe of L=1G$ 2y L=1G$ in. Tri+ the shar6 corners off slightly. Draw a 6encil line all aroun! the +argin an! LG8 in. away fro+ the e!ge. Eith the 6liers sha6e the si!es as shown in the illustration. /e5t lay out the hol!ing cu6 accor!ing to the 6lan of !e<elo6+ent shown% an! cut out the sha6e with the shears. 7olish 2oth of these 6ieces% using any of the co++on +etal 6olishes. Di<et the cu6 to the 2ase% an! then% with the 6liers% sha6e the si!es as shown in the 6hotogra6h. The +anner of +a ing an! fastening the han!le is clearly illustrate!. 1se a file to s+ooth all the cut e!ges so that they will not in8ure the han!s. In ri<eting% care shoul! 2e ta en to roun! u6 the hea!s of the ri<ets nicely as a goo! +echanic woul!. Do not 2e content +erely to 2en! the+ o<er. This roun!ing is easily acco+6lishe! 2y stri ing aroun! the ri<etsC outer circu+ference% ee6ing the center high. ( goo! lacJuer shoul! 2e a66lie! after the 6arts ha<e 2een 6ro6erly cleane! an! 6olishe!% to ee6 the +etal fro+ tarnishing.

Details of .an!le Hol!er A Ho!e7M de D4)l$( to* %+20' The usual gelatine 6a!% which is the 6rinci6al 6art of the a<erage hectogra6h or !u6licator% is% as a rule% unsatisfactory% as it is a6t to sour an! +ol! in the su++er an! freeBe in the winter% which% with other !efects% often ren!er it useless after a few +onths ser<ice. ( co+6oun! that is al+ost in!estructi2le is the 6re6aration sol! at art stores as +o!eling clay. This clay is as easily wor e! as a 6utty an! is s6rea! into the tray% which +ay 2e of woo! or tin% an! the surface le<ele! 2y 6oun!ing with a +allet or ha++er% then 2y !rawing a straighte!ge o<er it. The surface of the 6a! is now saturate! with 6ure glycerine. This is 6oure! u6on the surface after it is slightly war+e!% co<ering the sa+e an! then laying a cloth o<er the 6a! an! allowing it to stan! long enough for the clay to a2sor2 the glycerine% after which it is rea!y for use. The original co6y is written with a co6ying 6encil or ty6ewritten through a hectogra6h ri22on. ( sheet of news6a6er is lai! u6on the 6a! an! a roun! stic or 6encil is 6asse! o<er it to +a e the surface le<el an! s+ooth. De+o<e the news6a6er an! 6lace the original co6y face !own on the le<ele! surface an! s+ooth it out in the sa+e way so that e<ery 6art touches the 6a!. De+o<e the co6y in a2out fi<e +inutes an! 6lace the clean sheets of 6a6er one after another on the surface an! re+o<e the+. *ro+ L0 to 7L co6ies of the original can 2e +a!e in a short ti+e. This co+6oun! is i+6er<ious to water% so the negati<e 6rint is re+o<e! 2y si+6ly washing with a !a+6 s6onge% the sa+e as re+o<ing writing fro+ a slate. This +a es it 6ossi2le to 6lace another original on the 6a! i++e!iately without waiting for the in to <anish 2y che+ical action as in the original hectogra6h. The action of the weather has no effect u6on this co+6oun! an! it is 6roof against acci!ent% for the tray +ay 2e !ro66e! an! the 6a! !ente! or cut into 6ieces% an! the clay

can 2e 6resse! 2ac an! le<ele!. The only caution is to ee6 it co<ere! with a cloth saturate! in glycerine while not in use. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (. (. Houghton% /orth<ille% Mich. P )e*7Cl$) Boo,! *, %+2&' The co+2ination of a 6a6er cli6 an! a calling car! +a es a goo! 2oo +ar .

The cli6 an! car! can 2e e6t together 2y 6iercing the car! an! 2en!ing the en!s of the wire to stic through the holes. The cli6 is attache! to a 6age as shown in the s etch. == .ontri2ute! 2y Thos. De0oof% 9ran! Da6i!s% Mich. Ae* t$"# W te* $" S! ll T ", %+2&'

( si+6le way of 6ro!ucing air 6ressure sufficient to aerate water is 2y the use of a si6hon as shown in *ig. 1. The si6hon is +a!e of glass tu2es% the longer 6ieces 2eing 2ent on one en! as shown. The air recei<er an! regulating !e<ice are attache! to the to6 en! of the lower tu2e% as shown in *ig. $. The recei<er or air inlet is the +ost i+6ortant 6art. It is +a!e of a glass tu2e% 'GI in. in !ia+eter an! L in. long. ( hole is file! or 2lown through one si!e of the glass for the a!+ission of air. The en!s of the s+aller glass tu2es are 6asse! through cor s ha<ing a !ia+eter to fit the en!s of this larger tu2e. The en!s of these tu2es shoul! 2e so a!8uste! that the continuous !ro6s of water fro+ the u66er will fall into the tu2e 2elow. The succession of air 2u22les thus i+6risone! are !ri<en !own the tu2e an! into the tan 2elow. The regulator is 6lace! in the tu2e or si6hon a2o<e the air recei<er. Its 6ur6ose is to retar! the flow of water fro+ the si6hon a2o<e an! +a e it !ro6 ra6i!ly. It consists of a ru22er connecting tu2e with two flat 6ieces of woo! cla+6e! o<er the center an! a!= 8uste! with screws. The a66aratus is starte! 2y cla+6ing the ru22er tu2e tightly an! then e5hausting the air in the si6hon tu2e% then 6lacing the en! in the u66er reser<oir an! releasing the cla+6 until the water 2egins to !ro6. If the reser<oir is e6t fille! fro+ the tan % the !e<ice will wor for an in!efinite ti+e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John T. Dunlo6% Shettleston% Scotlan!.

*I9.1 *I9.$ *orcing (ir Through Eater I!$t t$o" A*!- "d A*!o*7P *t II %+2+' I+itation swor!s% stilettos an! 2attle=a5es% 6ut u6 as orna+ents% will loo well if they are arrange! on a shiel! which is hung high u6 on a wall of a roo+ or hall% says the #nglish

*I9 1 *I9 $ *I9 ' Three *ifteenth .entury Swor!s Mechanic% 0on!on. The following !escri2e! ar+s are authentic !esigns of the original articles. ( 9er+an swor! of the fifteenth century is shown in *ig. 1. This swor! is I ft. long with the crossguar! an! 2la!e of steel. The i+itation swor! is +a!e of woo! an! co<ere! with tinfoil to 6ro!uce the steel color. The sha6e of the swor! is +ar e! out on a 6iece of woo! that is a2out 1G8 in. thic with the ai! of a straighte!ge an! 6encil% allowing a little e5tra length on which to fasten the han!le. .ut the swor! out with a saw an! +a e 2oth e!ges thin li e a nife 2la!e an! s+ooth u6 with san!6a6er. The e5tra length for the han!le is cut a2out 1 in. in wi!th an! $ in. long. The han!le is ne5t car<e! an! a +ortise cut in one en! to recei<e the han!le en! of the 2la!e. (s the han!le is to

re6resent co66er% the orna+entations can 2e 2uilt u6 of wire% string% s+all ro6e an! roun!=hea!e! nails% the whole finally ha<ing a thin coat of glue wor e! o<er it with a stiff 2ristle 2rush an! finishe! with 2ronBe 6aint. The cross2ar is flat an! a2out 1 in. in wi!th. .ut this out of a 6iece of woo! an! +a e a center hole to fit o<er the e5tra length on the 2la!e% glue an! 6ut it in 6lace. *ill the hole in the han!le with glue an! 6ut it on the 2la!e. Ehen the glue is thoroughly !ry% re+o<e all the sur6lus with a shar6 nife. Sheets of tinfoil are secure! for co<ering the 2la!e. .ut two stri6s of tinfoil% one a2out 1G$ in. wi!er than the 2la!e an! the other 1GI in. narrower. @uic ly co<er one si!e of the 2la!e with a thin coat of glue an! e<enly lay on an! 6ress !own the narrow stri6 of tinfoil. Stic the wi!er stri6 on the other si!e in the sa+e way% allowing eJual +argin of tinfoil to o<erla6 the e!ges of the 2la!e. 9lue the o<erla66ing e!ges an! 6ress the+ aroun! on the surface of the narrow stri6. The crossguar! +ust 2e co<ere! in the sa+e +anner as the 2la!e. Ehen the whole is Juite !ry% wi6e the 2la!e u6 an! !own se<eral ti+es with light stro es using a soft rag. The swor! shown in *ig. $ is a two=han!e! Swiss swor! a2out I ft. in length% shar6 on 2oth e!ges with a han!le of !ar woo! aroun! which is woun! s6irally a hea<y 6iece of 2rass or co66er wire an! hel! in 6lace with roun!=hea!e! 2rass nails. The 2la!e an! cross2ar are in i+itation steel. The 6ro8ecting orna+ent in the center of the crossguar! +ay 2e cut fro+ hea<y 6aste2oar! an! 2ent into sha6e% then glue! on the 2la!e as shown. In *ig. ' is shown a clay+ore% or Scottish swor! of the fifteenth century. This swor! is a2out I ft. long an! has a woo! han!le 2oun! closely aroun! with hea<y cor!. The cross2ar an! 2la!e are steel% with 2oth e!ges shar6. ( 9er+an 6oniar! is shown in *ig. I. This wea6on is a2out 1 ft. long% <ery 2roa!% with wire or stringC 2oun! han!le% shar6 e!ges on 2oth si!es. (nother 6oniar! of the fourteenth century is shown in *ig. L. This wea6on is also a2out 1 ft. long with woo! han!le an! steel e+2osse! 2la!e. ( si5teenth century 9er+an 6oniar! is shown in *ig. ). The 2la!e an! orna+ental cross2ar is of steel% with 2oth e!ges of the 2la!e shar6. The han!le is of woo!. ( 9er+an stiletto% so+eti+es calle! cuirass 2rea ers% is shown in *ig. 7. This stiletto has a woo! han!le% steel cross2ar an! 2la!e of steel with 2oth e!ges shar6. In *ig. 8 is shown a short=han!le! flail% which is a2out $=1G$ ft. long with a !ar han!le of woo!% stu!!e! with 2rass or steel nails. ( steel 2an! is 6lace! aroun! the han!le near the to6. The i+itation of the steel 2an! is +a!e 2y gluing a 6iece of tinfoil on a stri6 of car!2oar! an! tac ing it to the han!le. ( large screw=eye is screwe! into the to6 of the han!le. The s6i e! 2all +ay 2e +a!e of woo! or clay. .o<er the 2all with so+e 6ieces of linen% fir+ly glue! on. Ehen !ry% 6aint it a !ar 2rown or 2lac . ( large screw=eye +ust 2e inserte! in this 2all% the sa+e as use! on the en! of the han!le% an! 2oth eyes connecte! with a s+all 6iece of ro6e twiste! into sha6e. The ro6e is finishe! 2y co<ering with tinfoil. So+e short an! hea<y s6i e=hea!e! nails are !ri<en into the 2all to gi<e it the a66earance shown in the illustration. ( Dussian nout is shown in *ig. &. The lower half of the han!le is of woo!% the u66er 6art iron or steel% which can 2e i+itate! 2y co<ering a 6iece of woo! that is 6ro6erly sha6e! with tinfoil. The whole han!le can 2e +a!e of woo! in one 6iece% the lower 6art 6ainte! 2lac an! the u66er 6art co<ere! with tinfoil. ( screw=eye is screwe! into the u66er en!. ( length of real iron or steel chain is use! to connect the han!le with the 2all. The 2all is +a!e as !escri2e! in *ig. 8. The s6i es in the 2all are a2out 1 in. in length. These +ust 2e cut fro+ 6ieces of woo!% lea<ing a s+all 6eg at the en! an! in the center a2out the siBe of a /o. $0 s6i e. The 6egs are glue! an! inserte! into holes !rille! into the 2all. In *ig. 10 is shown a Scla<onic horse+anCs 2attle=a5e which has a han!le of woo! 6ainte! !ar gray or light 2rownH the a5e is of steel. The 2la!e is cut fro+ a 6iece of 1GI= in. woo! with a eyhole saw. The roun! 6art is +a!e thin an! shar6 on the e!ge. The thic ha++er si!e of the a5e is 2uilt u6 to the necessary thic ness to co<er the han!le 2y gluing on 6ieces of woo! the sa+e thic ness as use! for the 2la!e% an! gra!ually sha6ing off to the +i!!le of the a5e 2y the use of a chisel% finishing with san!6a6er an! co<ering with tinfoil. Three large% roun!=hea!e! 2rass or iron nails fi5e! into the front si!e of the han!le will co+6lete the a5e. (t the 2eginning of the si5teenth century horse+anCs 2attle=a5es sha6e! as shown in *ig. 11 were use!. Both han!le an! a5e are of steel. This a5e is +a!e si+ilar to the one

!escri2e! in *ig. 10. Ehen the woo!wor is finishe! the han!le an! a5e are co<ere! with tinfoil.

(ncient Eea6ons Ho3 to M ,e Ro4"d Belt W$t8o4t E"d- %+2/'

( <ery goo! 2elt +ay 2e +a!e 2y laying se<eral stran!s of strong cor!% such as 2rai!e! fishline% together as shown in *ig. 1 an! wra66ing the+ as

Metho! of *or+ing the Belt shown in *ig. $. Ehen wra66e! all the way aroun!% the en!s are tie! an! cut off. This will +a e a <ery goo! fle5i2le 2eltH will 6ull where other 2elts sli6% an! as the tension +e+2ers are all 6rotecte! fro+ wear% will last until the wra66ing +e+2er is worn through without 2eing wea ene!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #. E. Da<is% .hicago. Old7T$!e M #$( 7 T8e G*o3$"# Flo3e* %+22' This tric is 6erfor+e! with a wi!e=+outhe! 8ar which is a2out 10 in. high. If an earthen 8ar of this in! is not at han!% use a glass fruit 8ar an! co<er it with 2lac cloth or 6a6er% so the contents cannot 2e seen.

*lower 9rows Instantly Two 6ieces of wire are 2ent as shown in *ig. 1 an! 6ut together as in *ig. $. These wires are 6ut in the 8ar% a2out one=thir! the way !own fro+ the to6% with the circle centrally locate!. The wires can 2e hel! in 6lace 2y carefully 2en!ing the en!s% or using s+all we!ges of woo!. .ut a wire shorter in length than the height of the 8ar an! tie a rose or se<eral flowers on one en!. 7ut a cor in the 2otto+ of the 8ar an! stic the o66osite en! of the wire fro+ where the flowers are tie! through the circle of the two wires an! into the cor . The !otte! lines in *ig. ' show the 6osition of the wires an! flowers. To +a e the flowers grow in an instant% 6our water into the 8ar at one si!e of the wi!e +outh. The cor will float an! carry the wire with the flowers attache! u6war!% causing the flowers to grow% a66arently% in a few secon!sC ti+e. Do not 6our in too +uch water to raise the flowers so far that the wire will 2e seen. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (. S. Mac!onal!% ,a lan!% .alif. W te* "d W$"e T*$(, %+22' This is an interesting tric 2ase! on the che+ical 6ro6erties of aci!s an! al alies. The +aterials nee!e! are4 ,ne glass 6itcher% fille! with water% four glass tu+2lers% an aci!% an al ali an! so+e 6henol6hthalein solution which can 2e o2taine! fro+ your local !ruggist. Before the 6erfor+ance% a!! a few !ro6s of the 6henol6hthalein to the water in the 6itcher an! ru2 a s+all Juantity of the al ali solution on the si!es of two of the tu+2lers an! re6eat% only using as large a Juantity of the aci! as will esca6e notice on the re+aining tu+2lers. Set the tu+2lers so you will now which is which an! 6rocee! as follows4 Ta e hol! of a 6re6are! tu+2ler with the left han! an! 6our fro+ the 6itcher% hel! in the right han!% so+e of the liJui!. The liJui! turne! into the glass will 2eco+e re! li e wine. Set this full tu+2ler asi!e an! ta e the 6itcher in the left han! an! 6our so+e of the liJui! in one of the tu+2lers containing the aci! as it is hel! in the right han!. There will 2e no change in color. De6eat 2oth 6arts in the sa+e or!er then 2egin to 6our the liJui!s containe! in the tu+2lers 2ac into the 6itcher in the or!er re<erse! an! the e5cess of aci! will neutraliBe the al ali an! cause it to lose its color an! in the en! the 6itcher will contain a colorless liJui!. =.ontri2ute! 2y Fenneth Eee s% Bri!geton% /.J. C8e ) N $l- *e E9)e"-$1e %+22' The life of iron shingle nails is a2out ) years. (n iron nail cannot 2e use! again in 6utting on a new roof. Soli! Binc nails last fore<er an! can 2e use! as often as necessary. (s Binc is +uch lighter than iron% the cost of Binc nails is only a2out $=1G$ ti+es that of iron nails. C4tt$"# L "te*" Sl$de M -,- %+25'

It has long 2een a 6uBBle to +e why roun! cornere! +as s are al+ost in<aria2ly use! for lantern sli!es% when +ost wor s of art are inclu!e! within rectangular s6aces% says a corres6on!ent of 7hoto #ra. .ertainly the 6resent co++ercial +as s are in <ery 6oor taste. The wor er who wishes to +a e the +ost of e<ery sli!e will !o well to cut his own +as s% not only 2ecause of the fact 8ust +entione!% 2ut also 2ecause he can suit the siBe of the o6ening to the reJuire+ents of each sli!e. Sli!es can 2e wor s of art 8ust as +uch as 6rintsH so that +as ing a sli!e 2eco+es 8ust as i+6ortant as tri++ing a 6rint% an! eJually worthy of in!i<i!ual treat+ent. It is folly to gi<e each sli!e a +as o6ening of unifor+ siBe an! sha6e. Ehen +any sli!es are to 2e +as e!% it 2eco+es te!ious wor to treat each one se6arately% unless so+e s6ecial !e<ice is use!. The acco+6anying !rawing shows a way to +ar +as s which is si+6le% 6ractical an! costs nothing. The !rawing is e5actly lantern sli!e siBe. 0ay the sli!e o<er such a gui!e an! note the siBe of the o6ening 2est suite! to the 6icture. This will 2e !eter+ine! 2y the intersection of the rule! lines% which are nu+2ere! for con<enience in wor ing. If the siBe wante! is /o. I for wi!th an! /o. $ for height% 6lace the gui!e o<er a 6iece of 2lac +as 6a6er an! 6ric through the 6ro6er intersections with the 6oint of a 6in. This outlines the !esire! o6ening% which +ay then 2e cut out easily with a nife an! straight e!ge. The 2lac 6a6er fro+ 6late 2o5es an! fil+ rolls is e5cellent for +a ing +as s. It shoul! 2e cut u6 in 6ieces '=1GI 2y I in. an! e6t rea!y for use at any ti+e.

*or+ for Mar ing ,ut Dectangular 0antern Sli!e Mas s Rel$e1$"# t8e We$#8t o0 T l,$"# M (8$"e Re)*od4(e* %+25'

Too lou! re6ro!uction fro+ a recor!% the scratching noise so+eti+es hear! an! the forcing of the nee!le into a soft recor!% 2ecause the e5tension ar+ an! re6ro!ucer are too hea<y% can 2e re+e!ie! in the following +anner4 (ttach a s+all ring to the un!er si!e of the horn an! use a ru22er 2an! to lift the e5ten!ing ar+ slightly. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. (. JaJuythe% Dich+on!% .al. Ho3 to M ,e T8e*!o!ete* B (, $" Et(8ed Co))e* %+26'

#tching co66er is not a <ery !ifficult 6rocess. Secure a sheet of /o. 1) gauge co66er of the wi!th an! length

.o66er Ther+o+eter Hol!er wante! for the 2ac of the ther+o+eter. In the !esign shown the e5tre+e wi!th is '=1G$ in. an! the e5tre+e length 7 in. Draw a !esign. The one shown is +erely suggesti<e. The wor er +ay change the outline or 6ro6ortions as !esire!. The !ecoration% too% +ay 2e change!. The essential thing is to ee6 a s6ace u6on which to 6lace the ther+o+eter. This !esign is in what is nown as two=6art sy++etry. ( line is !rawn !own the 6a6er an! one=half of the outline an! !ecoration wor e! out. This !one% the 6a6er is fol!e! along the center line% a 6iece of car2on 6a6er is inserte! 2etween the fol!s an! the !esign transferre! on the inner surfaces 2y tracing with a 6encil o<er the half of the outline 6re<iously !rawn. Trace the !esign an! outline u6on the +etal% using the car2on 6a6er. .ut out the outline with +etal shears an! file the e!ges s+ooth. Eith a s+all 2rush an! or!inary as6haltu+ or 2lac <arnish% 6aint the !esign% the +argin an! the entire 2ac of the +etal. Ehen this coat has !rie! 6ut on a secon! an! then a thir!. The as6haltu+ is to ee6 the aci! into which the +etal is to 2e i++erse! later fro+ eating any 6art of the +etal 2ut the 2ac groun!. Two coats or +ore are nee!e! to withstan! the ac= tion of the aci!. The aci! 2ath is co+6ose! of nitric aci! an! water% a2out half an! half% or% 6ossi2ly% a little less aci! than water% the +i5ture 2eing +a!e 2y 6ouring the aci! into the water% not the water into the aci!% which is !angerous. Fee6 this solution off the han!s an! clothes% an! !o not inhale the fu+es. 7ut the as6halt=coate! +etal in the 2ath an! allow it to re+ain for four or fi<e hours% !e6en!ing u6on the thic ness of the +etal an! the strength of the aci!. Eith a stic % or a 6air of ol! tongs% ta e the +etal out of the aci! occasionally an! e5a+ine it to see how !ee6 the aci! has eaten it>1G'$ in. is a2out right for the /o. 1) gauge. Ehen etche! to the !esire! !e6th% re+o<e the 6iece an! with an ol! nifeC scra6e off the as6haltu+. *inish the cleaning 2y scru22ing with tur6entine an! a 2rush ha<ing stiff 2ristles. If the +etal is first co<ere! with tur6entine an! then heate! o<er a fla+e% all the colors of the rain2ow will a66ear on its surface. These colors fa!e away in the course of a long ti+e% 2ut they can 2e easily re<i<e!. (nother way to get these colors is to heat the +etal an! then

6lunge it into the aci! 2ath Juic ly. ( green finish is o2taine! 2y 6ainting the 2ac groun! with an aci! stain co+6ose! as follows4 1 6art a++onia +uriateH ' 6arts a++onia car2onateH $I 6arts water. If one coat !oes not gi<e the !e6th of color !esire!% re6eat as +any ti+es as is necessary% allowing each coat ti+e to !ry 2efore a66lying the ne5t. To Nfi5N this color so that it will not ru2 off% an! to ee6 the +etal fro+ tarnishing% a66ly a coat of 2anana oil or lacJuer. Ther+o+eters of suita2le siBe can 2e 2ought in either 2rass or nic el. They ha<e holes through their to6 an! 2otto+ en!s through which +etal 6a6er fasteners can 2e inserte!% an! these in turn 6ut through holes 6unche! in the co66er 2ac . To M ,e " Ele(t*$( P$ "o %+27' Ma e or 2uy a ta2le% a2out ' ft. long an! 1 ft. or +ore wi!e% an! a2out $=1G$ ft. high. /ail a 2oar!% (% *ig. 1% a2out 8 in. wi!e an! of the sa+e length as the ta2le% to the ta2le% as shown in the illustration. 7aint the ta2le any color !esire!. 7urchase a !oBen or so 2attery electric 2ells :they are chea6er if 2ought 2y the !oBen; an! screw the+ to the 2oar!% as in *ig. $. (rrange the 2ells in the scale shown at B% *ig. $. Bore two holes near the 6osts of each 2ell for the wires to 6ass through. Buttons for the 2ells +ay 2e 6urchase!% 2ut it is chea6er to +a e the+ in the following way4 Ta e a 6iece of woo! an! cut it roun!% a2out $=1G$ in. in !ia+eter an! 1GI in. thic % *ig. '% an! 2ore two holes% . an! D% through it. Then get two 6osts% a2out 1 in. long% :2attery 6osts will !o; an! 6ut the+ through the holes as in *ig. I. .ut out a 6iece of tin% 'G8 in. wi!e% 6unch a hole through it an! 6ut in un!er 6ost #% so that when it is 6resse! !own% it will touch 6ost *. It +ay 2e either naile! or screwe! !own.

How the #lectric 7iano is .onstructe! Ma e two holes in the ta2le for each 2utton an! its wires% as at H% *ig. $. /ail or screw the 2uttons to the ta2le% as shown in *ig. L% with the wires un!erneath. The connections are si+6le4 I% *ig. L% is a wire running fro+ one en! of the ta2le to the other en!% attache! to a 6ost at each en!H J is another wire attache! in the sa+e wayH 0 is the car2on wire running fro+ the 2atteries to IH M is the Binc wire running fro+ the 2atteries to wire JH 0 in!icates the 2atteriesH 7 is a wire running fro+ J to one 6ost of a 2uttonH @ is another wire running fro+ the other 6ost of the 2utton to one of the 6osts of the 2ellH D is a wire running fro+ I to one 6ost of the 2ell. Ehen the 2utton S is 6resse!% the 2ell will ring. #ach 2utton shoul! 2e connecte! with its 2ell in the sa+e way. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Vincent !e -2arron!o.

I!$t t$o" A*!- "d A*!o* 7 PART III %+28' Maces an! 2attle=a5es 6atterne! after an! +a!e in i+itation of the ancient wea6ons which were use! fro+ the

(ncient Eea6ons fourteenth to the si5teenth century 6ro!uce fine orna+ents for the hall or !en% says the #nglish Mechanic. The i+itation articles are +a!e of woo!% the steel 6arts re6resente! 2y tinfoil stuc on with glue an! the orna+ents car<e! out with a car<ing tool. (n #nglish +ace use! a2out the +i!!le of the fifteenth century is shown in *ig. 1. The entire length of this wea6on is a2out $I in.H the han!le is roun! with a four=si!e! shar6 s6i e e5ten!ing out fro+ the 6oints of si5 triangular sha6e! wings. .ut the han!le an! s6i e fro+ one 6iece of woo! an! glue the wings on at eJual !istances a6art aroun! the 2ase of the s6i e. The two 2an!s or wings can 2e +a!e 2y gluing two 6ieces of ro6e aroun! the han!le an! fastening it with tac s. These rings can 2e car<e! out% 2ut they are so+ewhat !ifficult to +a e. (fter the glue is !ry% re+o<e all the sur6lus that has 2een 6resse! out fro+ the 8oints with the 6oint of a shar6 nife 2la!e an! then san!6a6er the surface of the woo! to +a e it s+ooth. Secure so+e tinfoil to co<er the 6arts in i+itation of steel. ( thin coat of glue is Juic ly a66lie! to the surface of the woo! an! the tinfoil lai! on e<enly so there will 2e no wrin les an! without +a ing any +ore sea+s than is necessary. The entire wea6on% han!le an! all% is to a66ear as steel. (n engra<e! iron +ace of the fifteenth century is shown in *ig. $. This wea6on is a2out $$ in. long% +ounte! with an eight=si!e! or octagonal hea!. It will 2e easier to +a e this +ace in three 6ieces% the octagonal hea! in one 6iece an! the han!le in two 6arts% so that the circular shiel! shown at the lower en! of the han!le can 2e easily 6lace! 2etween the 6arts. The circular 6iece or shiel! can 2e cut fro+ a 6iece of woo! a2out 1GI in. thic . The circle is +ar e! out with a co+6ass. ( hole is +a!e through the center for the !owel of the two han!le 6arts when they are 6ut together. ( woo! 6eg a2out $ in. long ser<es as the !owel. ( hole is 2ore! in the en! of 2oth han!le 6ieces an! these holes well coate! with glue% the woo! 6eg inserte! in one of the+% the shiel! 6ut on in 6lace an! han!le 6arts 6ut together an! left for the glue to set. The hea! is fastene! on the en! of the han!le with a !owel in the sa+e +anner as 6utting the han!le 6arts together. The hea! +ust ha<e a 6attern s etche! u6on each si!e in 6encil +ar s% such as

orna+ental scrolls% lea<es% flowers% etc. These orna+ents +ust 2e car<e! out to a !e6th of a2out 1GI in. with a shar6 car<ing tool. If such a tool is not at han!% or the a+ateur cannot use it well% an e5cellent su2stitute will 2e foun! in using a shar6=6ointe! an! re!= hot 6o er% or 6ieces of hea<y wire heate! to 2urn out the 6attern to the !esire! !e6th. The han!le also has a scroll to 2e engra<e!. Ehen the whole is finishe! an! cleane!

Battle (5es of the *ourteenth% *ifteenth an! Si5teenth .enturies 16% it is co<ere! with tinfoil in i+itation of steel. The tinfoil shoul! 2e a66lie! carefully% as 2efore +entione!% an! fir+ly 6resse! into the engra<e! 6arts with the finger ti6s or thu+2. ( *rench +ace use! in the si5teenth century is shown in *ig. '. This wea6on is a2out $$ in. long an! has a woo! han!le co<ere! with !ar re! cloth or <el<et% the lower 6art to ha<e a gol! or re! sil cor! woun! aroun! it% as shown% the whole han!le finishe! off with s+all 2rass=hea!e! nails. The to6 has si5 orna+ental car<e! wings which are cut out% fastene! on the han!le an! co<ere! with tinfoil% as !escri2e! in *ig. $. *igure I shows a Morning Star which is a2out $) in. long. The s6i e! 2all an! the four=si!e! an! shar6=6ointe! s6i e are of steel. The 2all +ay 2e +a!e of clay or woo! an! co<ere! with tinfoil. The s6i es are cut out of woo!% shar6=6ointe! an! cone= sha6e!% the 2ase ha<ing a 2ra! to stic into the 2all. The woo! s6i es are also co<ere! with tinfoil. The han!le is of steel i+itation% co<ere! in the +i!!le with re! cloth or <el<et an! stu!!e! with large=hea!e! steel nails. ( war ha++er of the fifteenth century is shown in *ig. L. Its length is a2out ' ft. The lower half of the han!le is woo!. co<ere! with re! <el<et% with a gol!en or yellow cor! woun! s6irally o<er the cloth. The u66er half of the han!le is steel% also% the ha++er an! s6i e. The entire han!le shoul! 2e +a!e of one 6iece% then the ha++er 6ut on the 2ase of the s6i e. The s6i e +a!e with a 6eg in its lower en! an! well glue!% can 2e fir+ly 6lace! in 6osition 2y the 6eg fitting in a hole +a!e for its rece6tion in the to6 of the han!le. *inish u6 the steel 6arts with tinfoil. The following !escri2e! wea6ons can 2e constructe! of the sa+e +aterials an! 2uilt u6 in the sa+e way as !escri2e! in the foregoing articles4 ( horse+anCs short=han!le! 2attle=a5e% use! at the en! of the fifteenth century% is shown in *ig. ). The han!le is of woo! an! the a5e in i+itation steel. *igure 7 shows an #nglish horse+anCs 2attle=a5e use! at the 2eginning of the reign of @ueen #liBa2eth. The han!le an! a5e 2oth are to 2e shown in steel. ( 9er+an foot sol!ierCs 6olea5e use!% at the en! of the fourteenth century is shown in *ig. 8. The han!le is +a!e of !ar woo! an! the a5e co<ere! with tinfoil. *igure & shows an #nglish foot sol!ierCs 8e!2urgh a5e of the si5teenth century. The han!le is of woo!% stu!!e! with large 2rass or steel nails. The a5e is shown in steel. (ll of these a5es are a2out the sa+e length.

Pl <$"# B -e. ll 3$t8

Po(,et >"$0e %+50'

(n interesting ga+e of 2ase2all can 2e 6laye! 2y two 6ersons with a co++on 6oc et nife on a rainy !ay or in

7ositions of the Fnife In!icate the 7lays the winter ti+e when the regular ga+e cannot 2e 6laye! out!oors. The nife is o6ene! an! loosely stuc into a 2oar!% as in *ig. 1% an! with a Juic u6war! +o<e+ent of the forefinger it is thrown into the air to fall an! lan! in one of the 6ositions shown. The 6lays are !eter+ine! 2y the 6osition of the nife after the fall. ( foul 2all is in!icate! 2y *ig. $% the nife resting on its 2ac . The s+all 2la!e stic ing in the 2oar! which hol!s the han!le in an u6right 6osition% as shown in *ig. '% calls for a ho+e run. Both 2la!es stic ing in the 2oar! :*ig. I;% a three=2ase hit. ( two= 2ase hit is +a!e when the large 2la!e stic s in the 2oar!% *ig. L. ( one=2ase hit is se= cure! when the large 2la!e an! the en! of the han!le touch the 2oar! as in *ig. ). The nife falling on its si!e :*ig. 7; calls for one out. #ach 6erson 6lays until three outs ha<e 2een +a!e% then the other 6lays% an! so on for nine innings. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Her2ert Hahn% .hicago.

Ho3 to Re!o1e P )e* St4(, to

Ne# t$1e %+50'

Ehen +a ing 6hotogra6hic 6rints fro+ a negati<e% so+eti+es a !ro6 of +oisture will cause the 6rint to stic to the gelatine fil+ on the glass. De+o<e as +uch of the 6a6er as can 2e rea!ily torn off an! soa the negati<e in a fresh hy6o 2ath of ' or I oB. hy6o to 1 6t. of water for an hour or two. Then a little gentle ru22ing with the finger=not the finger nail will re+o<e anything a!hering to the fil+. It +ay 2e foun! that the negati<e is not colore!. If it is s6otte! at all% the negati<e +ust 2e washe! for a few +inutes an! 6lace! in a co+2ine! toning an! fi5ing 2ath% which will re+o<e the s6ots in a cou6le of hours. The negati<e +ust 2e well washe! after going through the solutions to ta e away any trace of hy6o. Old7T$!e M #$( 7 A S (, T*$(, %+5&' The +agician a66ears acco+6anie! 2y his assistant. He has a sac si+ilar to a +eal 2ag only on a large scale. The u66er en! of this 2ag is shown in *ig. 1% with the ro6e lace! in the cloth. He then selects se<eral 6eo6le fro+ the au!ience as a co++ittee to e5a+ine the sac to see that there is a2solutely no !ece6tion whate<er in its +a eu6. Ehen they are satisfie! that the 2ag or sac is all right% the +agician 6laces his assistant insi!e an! !rawing the 2ag aroun! hi+ he allows the co++ittee to tie hi+ u6 with as +any nots as they choose to +a e% as shown in *ig. $. The 2ag with its occu6ant is 6lace! in a s+all ca2inet which the co++ittee surroun! to see that there is no outsi!e hel6. The +agician then ta es his watch an! shows the au!ience that in less than '0 secon!s his assistant will e+erge fro+ the ca2inet with the sac in his han!. This he !oes% the sac is again e5a+ine! an! foun! to 2e the sa+e as when it was first seen.

Sac Tric =Hol!ing the Do6e Insi!e the Bag The solution is when the assistant enters the 2ag he 6ulls in a2out 1L in. of the ro6e an! hol!s it% as shown in *ig. '% while the co++ittee is tying hi+ u6. (s soon as he is in the ca2inet he +erely lets out the slac thus +a ing enough roo+ for his 2o!y to 6ass through. Ehen he is out of the 2ag he Juic ly unties the nots an! then ste6s fro+ his ca2inet.=.ontri2ute! 2y J. *. .a+62ell% So+er<ille% Mass. T8e I"1$-$.le L$#8t %+5&' The +agician 6laces two co++on wa5 can!les on a ta2le% one of the+ 2urning

2rightly% the other without a light. Me+2ers of the au!ience are allowe! to ins6ect 2oth the ta2le an! the can!les. The +agician wal s o<er to the 2urning can!le% sha!es the light for a few secon!s% turns to the au!ience with his han!s a few inches a6art% showing that there is nothing 2etween the+% at the sa+e ti+e saying that he has a light 2etween his han!s% in<isi2le to the+ :the au!ience;% with which he is going to light the other can!le. He then wal s o<er to the other can!le% an!% in 6lain sight of the au!ience lights the can!le a66arently with nothing. In reality the +agician has a <ery fine wire in his han! which he is heating while he 2en!s o<er the lighte! can!le% an! the au!ience gaBe on an! see nothing. He turns to the other can!le an! touches a grain of 6hos6horus that has 2een 6re<iously conceale! in the wic with the heate! wire% thus causing it to light. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. Brown% /ew -or .ity. U-$"# t8e S4";- L$#8t $" M #$( L "te*" %+5&'

The light furnishe! with a s+all +agic lantern !oes <ery well for e<ening e5hi2itions% 2ut the lantern can 2e use! in the !ayti+e with goo! results 2y !irecting sunlight through the lens instea! of using the oil la+6. ( win!ow facing the sun is selecte! an! the sha!e is !rawn al+ost !own% the re+aining s6ace 2eing co<ere! 2y a 6iece of hea<y 6a6er. ( s+all hole is

cut in the 6a6er an! the lantern 6lace! on a ta2le in front of the hole% the la+6 ha<ing 2een re+o<e! an! the 2ac o6ene!. The lantern +ust 2e arrange! so that the lens will 2e on a horiBontal line with the hole in the 6a6er. ( +irror is then 6lace! 8ust outsi!e of the win!ow an! at such an angle that the 2ea+ of light is thrown through the hole in the 6a6er an! the lens of the lantern. The sha!es of the re+aining win!ows are then !rawn an! the lantern is o6erate! in the usual way. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0. B. #<ans% 0e2anon% Fy. A H "d< D*$ll G 4#e %+5+' The acco+6anying s etch shows a si+6le !rill gauge which will 2e foun! <ery han!y for a+ateurs. The gauge consists of a 6iece of har! woo!% 'GI in. thic % with a wi!th an! length that will 2e suita2le for the siBe an! nu+2er of !rills you ha<e on han!. Drill a hole through the woo! with each !rill you ha<e an! 6lace a screw eye in one en! to 2e use! as a hanger. Ehen you want to !rill a hole for a 6i6e% 2olt%

Drill 9auge screw% etc.% you ta e the gauge an! fin! what siBe !rill +ust 2e use! in !rilling the hole.= .ontri2ute! 2y (n!rew 9. Tho+e% 0ouis<ille% Fy. Sto1e Pol$-8 %+5+' ( goo! sto<e 6olish can 2e +a!e 2y +i5ing together 1 l2. of 6lu+2ago% I oB. of tur6entine% I oB. of water an! 1 oB. of sugar. Mi5 well an! a66ly with a cloth or 2rush.

A Ho!e7M de D "$ell Cell %+5+' (n effecti<e Daniell gal<anic cell +ay 2e constructe! fro+ +aterial costing <ery little +oney. ( co++on tin to+ato can with a co66er wire sol!ere! to the to6 for+s the 8ar an! 6ositi<e electro!e. ( 6iece of !iscar!e! sto<e Binc rolle! into an o6en cylin!er of a2out 1=1G$=in. !ia+eter% L in. long% with a co66er wire sol!ere! at one en! for+s the negati<e electro!e. To +a e the 6orous cell% roll a 6iece of hea<y 2rown wra66ing 6a6er% or 2lotting 6a6er% into a tu2e of se<eral thic nesses% a2out L in. long with an internal !ia+eter of $ in. Tie the 6a6er fir+ly to 6re<ent unrolling an! close u6 one en! with 6laster of 6aris 1G$ in. thic . It is well to slightly cho e the tu2e to 2etter retain the 6laster. The 6a6er use! +ust 2e unsiBe! so that the solution scan +ingle through the 6ores. Two liJui!s are necessary for the cell. Ma e a strong solution in a glass or woo!en <essel of 2lue <itriol in water. Dilute so+e oil of <itriol :sul6huric aci!; with a2out 1$ ti+es its +easure of water an! ee6 in a 2ottle when not in use. In +a ing u6 the solution% a!! the aci! to the water with constant stirring. Do not add water to the acid. The cell is charge! 2y 6lacing the Binc in the 6a6er tu2e an! 2oth 6lace! into the tin can. .onnect the two wires an! 6our the !ilute aci! into the 6orous cell aroun! the Binc% an! then i++e!iately turn the 2lue <itriol solution into the can outsi!e the 6a6er cu6. ( current generates at once an! +etallic co66er 2egins to !e6osit on the insi!e of the can. It is 2est to let the action continue for a half hour or so 2efore 6utting the cell into use.

Se<eral hours wor ing will 2e reJuire! 2efore the fil+ of co66er 2eco+es sufficiently thic to 6rotect the tin fro+ corrosion when the cell stan!s i!le. *or this reason it will 2e necessary to 6our out the 2lue <itriol solution into another rece6tacle i++e!iately after through using% as otherwise the tin woul! 2e soon eaten full of holes. The 6orous cu6 shoul! always 2e e+6tie! after using to 6re<ent the !iffusion of the 2lue <itriol solution into the cu6% an! the 6a6er tu2e +ust 2e well rinse! 2efore 6utting away to !ry. This +a es one of the +ost satisfactory 2attery cells on account of the constancy of its current% running for hours at a ti+e without +aterially losing strength% an! the low cost of +aintenance +a es it es6ecially a!a6te! for a+ateursC use. Its current strength is a2out one <olt% 2ut can 2e +a!e u6 into any reJuire! <oltage in series. ( 2attery of a !oBen cells shoul! cost not to e5cee! L0 cts. for the +aterial% which will gi<e a strong% stea!y current% a+6ly sufficient for all or!inary e56eri+ental wor . ( strong solution of co++on salt +ay 2e use! in 6lace of the oil of <itriol in the 6orous cu6% 2ut is not so goo!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. H. Denniston% 7ulteney. /. -. A Ho!e7M de E=4 to*$ l %+5/' B< H **< Cl *, The or!inary eJuatorial is !esigne! an! 2uilt for the latitu!e of the o2ser<atory where it is to 2e use!. This is necessary since the hour a5is +ust 6oint to the north 6ole of the hea<ens whose ele<ation a2o<e the horiBon is eJual to the latitu!e of the o2ser<erCs

station. The final a!8ust+ent of an or!inary eJuatorial is <ery te!ious so that when once set u6 it is not to 2e +o<e!. This calls for a suita2le house to 6rotect the instru+ent. It has 2een the ai+ of the writer to 2uil! a <ery si+6le instru+ent for a+ateur wor which woul! 2e a!8usta2le to any latitu!e% so easily set u6 rea!y for wor an! so 6orta2le that it nee! not 2e left out of !oors fro+ one e<ening until the ne5t.

Instru+ent for 0ocating Stars The instru+ent is +ounte! on a tri6o! or 6iece of iron 6i6e carrying a short <ertical ro! of 'G8=in. steel. ( rectangular woo!en fra+e with suita2le 2earings rotates a2out this shaft. The fra+e has also two horiBontal 2earings carrying a short shaft to the en! of which the fra+e carrying the hour a5is is fir+ly cla+6e!. By this arrange+ent of two 6er6en!icular shafts the hour a5is +ay 2e !irecte! to any 6oint in the hea<ens without care as to how the tri6o! or 6i6e is set u6. The fra+e for the hour a5is is a2out 1$ in. long with a 2earing at each en!. The shaft which it carries is 1GI=in. steel% carrying the hour circle at one en!% an! at the other the fra+e for the !eclination a5is which is si+ilar to the other% 2ut so+ewhat lighter. The !eclination a5is is also of 1GI=in. steel% carrying at one en! the !eclination circle an! the 6ointer at the other. The entire fra+e of the instru+ent is +a!e of cherry an! it will sa<e the 2uil!er +uch ti+e if he will 6urchase cherry NfurnitureN which is use! 2y 6rinters an! can 2e o2taine! fro+ any 6rintersC su66ly co+6any. It is 2est Juality woo! free fro+ i+6erfections in straight stri6s one yar! long an! of a unifor+ wi!th of a2out LG8 in. (s to thic ness% any +ulti6le of 1$=6oint :a2out 1G8 in.; +ay 2e o2taine!% thus sa<ing +uch wor in fitting u6 8oints. *ifty cents will 2uy enough woo! for an entire instru+ent. (ll corners are carefully +ortise! an! 2race! with s+all 2rass angle=6ieces. The fra+e is hel! together 2y s+all 2rass +achine screws. (fter +uch e56eri+entation with 2earings% it was foun! 2est to +a e the+ in hal<es as +etal 2earings are usually +a!e. The loose half is hel! in 6lace 2y gui!es on all four si!es an! is tightene! 2y two screws with +ille! nuts. ( great !eal of trou2le was e56erience! in 2oring out the 2earings until the following +etho! was !e<ise!. ,ne hole was 2ore! as well as 6ossi2le. The 2earing was then loosene! an! a 2it run through it to 2ore the other. *inally% a 6iece of shafting was roughene! 2y rolling it on a file 6lace! in 2oth 2earings an! turne! with a 2race. The 2earings were gra!ually tightene! until 6erfect= ly groun!. The !eclination a5is +ust 2e 6er6en!icular to 2oth the hour a5is an! the line of sight o<er the 6ointer. To insure this% a 6ositi<e a!8ust+ent was 6ro<i!e!. The en! of the shaft is cla+6e! in a short 2loc of woo! 2y +eans of a 2earing li e the ones !escri2e!. ,ne en! of the 2loc is hinge! to the a5is fra+e% while the other en! is attache! 2y two screws% one !rawing the+ together% the other hol!ing the+ a6art. The

a5is is a!8uste! 2y turning these screws. #ach shaft% sa<e the one in the 6i6e% is 6ro<i!e! with this a!8ust+ent. The 6ointer is of two <ery thin stri6s 6lace! at right angles an! ta6ere! slightly at each en!. The cla+6 is attache! as shown in the illustration. The eye 6iece is a 2lac iron washer su66orte! on a s+all stri6 of woo!. The a6erture shoul! 2e 1GI in.% since the 6u6il of the eye !ilates <ery +uch in !ar ness. The error !ue to large a6erture is re!uce! 2y using a <ery long 6ointer which also +a es it 6ossi2le to focus the eye u6on the front sight an! the star si+ultaneously. The forwar! sight is a 2right 2rass 6eg illu+inate! 2y a tiny electric la+6 with a reflector to shiel! the eye. The 6ointer arrange! in this way is a great i+6ro<e+ent o<er the hollow tu2e so+eti+es use!% since it allows an uno2structe! <iew of the hea<ens while in!icating the e5act 6oint in Juestion. The circles of the instru+ent are of alu+inu+% attache! to the shafts 2y +eans of woo!en cla+6s. They were nicely gra!uate! 2y a ho+e=+a!e !i<i!ing engine of <ery si+6le construction% an! the figures were engra<e! with a 6antogra6h. The rea!ing is in!icate! 2y a cut on a s+all alu+inu+ 6late attache! to a 6ointer. The hour circle is !i<i!e! into $I 6arts an! su2!i<i!e! to e<ery four +inutes. The figures are arrange! so that when the instru+ent is set u6% the nu+2er of hours increases while the 6ointer tra<els o66ositely to the stars. The !eclination circle is gra!uate! fro+ Bero to &0 !eg. in each !irection fro+ two 6oints 180 !eg. a6art. It is% a!8uste! to rea! Bero when the 6ointer an! two a5es are +utually 6er6en!icular as shown in the 6icture. To a!8ust the instru+ent it is set u6 on the iron 6i6e an! the 6ointer !irecte! to so+e !istant o28ect. (ll set screws% e5ce6ting those on the !eclination a5is% are tightene!. Then the 6ointer is carefully turne! through 180 !eg. an! if it is not again !irecte! to the sa+e 6oint% it is not 6er6en!icular to the !eclination a5is. Ehen 6ro6erly set it will !escri2e a great circle. Eith the !eclination a5is in an a66ro5i+ately horiBontal 6osition the 6lace where the 6ointer cuts the horiBon is note!. The !eclination a5is is then turne! through 180 !eg.% when the 6ointer shoul! again cut at the sa+e 6lace. 7ro6er a!8ust+ent will cause it to !o so. It is !esira2le that the hour circle shoul! rea! a66ro5i+ately Bero when the !eclination a5is is horiBontal% 2ut this is not necessary for a reason soon to 2e e56laine!. (ll these a!8ust+ents% once carefully +a!e% nee! not 2e change!. In using the instru+ent the hour a5is can 2e !irecte! to the north 6ole 2y the following +etho!. 7oint it a66ro5i+ately to the north star. The 6ole is 1 !eg. an! 1L +in. fro+ the star on a straight line fro+ the star to NMiBar%N the star at the 2en! of the han!le in the Big Di66er. Turn the hour circle into a 6osition where the 6ointer can !escri2e a circle through NMiBar.N ,nly a rough setting is necessary. /ow turn the 6ointer so that a rea!ing of 88 !eg. IL +in. shows on the !eclination circle on that si!e of &0 which is towar! NMiBar.N Ehen this is !one% cla+6 2oth a5es an! turn the shafts in the 2ase until the 6ointer is !irecte! accurately to the north star. It is e<i!ent fro+ a stu!y of the 6icture that the 6osition of the s+all 6ointer which in!icates the rea!ing on the hour circle is not in!e6en!ent of the way in which the tri6o! or 6i6e is set u6. It woul! then 2e useless to a!8ust it carefully to Bero when the 6ointer cuts the NBenithN as is !one with a large eJuatorial. Instea!% the a!8ust+ent is +a!e 2y setting the cloc or watch which is 6art of the outfit. The 6ointer is !irecte! to (l6ha% .as= sio6iae% an! the hour rea!ing su2tracte! fro+ $I hours :the a66ro5i+ate right ascension of the star; gi<es the ti+e which the cloc shoul! 2e set to in!icate. (ll of these settings shoul! reJuire not +ore than fi<e +inutes. To fin! a star in the hea<ens% loo u6 its !eclination an! right ascension in an atlas. Set the !eclination circle to its rea!ing. Su2tract the cloc ti+e fro+ the right ascension :6lus $I if necessary; an! set the hour circle to the result. The star will then 2e seen on the ti6 of the 6ointer. To locate a nown star on the +a6% turn the 6ointer to the star. Declination is rea! !irectly. (!! the cloc ti+e to the hour rea!ing to get right ascension. If the result is +ore than $I hours% su2tract $I. A G*o4"d Gl -- S4.-t$t4te %+55' ,r!inary 6lain glass coate! with the following +i5ture will +a e a goo! groun!

glass su2stitute4 Dissol<e 18 gr. of gu+ san!arac an! I gr. of gu+ +astic in '=1G$ !r.. of ether% then a!! 1 $=' !r. 2enBole. If this will 2e too trans6arent% a!! a little +ore 2enBole% ta ing care not to a!! too +uch. .o<er one si!e of a clear glass an! after !ry= ing it will 6ro!uce a 6erfect surface for use as a groun! glass in ca+eras. =.ontri2ute! 2y Day #. Strosni!er% 7lain .ity% ,hio. A M$"$ t4*e W * D "(e %+55' ( 6iece of 6a6er% ' or I in. long% is fol!e! se<eral ti+es% as shown in the s etch% an! the first fol! +ar e! out to re6resent one=half of an In!ian. .ut out all the fol!s at one ti+e on the !otte! line an! you will ha<e as +any +en 8oine! together as there were fol!s in the 6a6er. Join the han!s of the two en! +en with a little 6aste so as to for+ a circle of In!ians hol!ing han!s. The ne5t thing to !o is to 6unch holes in hea<y car!2oar! that is large enough to co<er a 6ot or stew 6an% an!

In!ian Ear Dance 6artially fill the <essel with water. Set this co<ere! <essel o<er a heat an! 2ring the water to a 2oiling 6oint an! then set the +iniature In!ians on the 6erforate! co<er. The !ance will 2egin. If the In!ians are !ec e! out with s+all feathers to re6resent the hea! gear an! trailing 6lu+es% a great effect will 2e 6ro!uce!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Maurice Bau!ier% /ew ,rleans% 0a. S 1$"# " E"#$"e %+55' Turning the water on 2efore starting the gas engine +ay 6re<ent 2rea ing a cylin!er on a col! !ay. OLD7TIME MAGIC %+56' De+o<ing ') .annon Balls fro+ a Han!2ag The +agician 6ro!uces a s+all han!2ag an! infor+s the au!ience that he has it fille! with $0=l2. cannon 2alls. He o6ens u6 the 2ag an! ta es out a 2all which he 6asses to the au!ience

Balls Ma!e of S6ring Eire for e5a+ination. The 2all is foun! to 2e the genuine article. He +a es a few 6asses with the wan! an! 6ro!uces another 2all% an! so on until ') of the+ lie on the floor. In reality the first 2all% which is the one e5a+ine!% is the real cannon 2all% the others

are s6iral=s6herical s6rings co<ere! with 2lac cloth :*ig. 1;. These 2alls can 2e 6resse! together in flat !is s an! 6ut in the 2ag% *ig. $. without ta ing u6 any great a+ount of s6ace. Ehen the s6ring is release! it will fill out the 2lac cloth to re6resent a cannon 2all that cannot 2e !istinguishe! fro+ the real article. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. *. .a+62ell% So+er<ille% Mass. A R$-$"# C *d T*$(, %+56' ( rising car! tric can 2e acco+6lishe! with <ery little s ill 2y using the si+6le !e<ice illustrate!. The only

.ar! Sli6s fro+ the 7ac things nee!e! are four or!inary 6laying car!s an! a short ru22er 2an!. 7ass one en! of the ru22er 2an! through one car! an! the other en! through the other car!% as shown in the illustration% !rawing the car!s close together an! fastening the en!s 2y 6utting a 6in through the+. The re+aining two car!s are 6aste! to the first two so as to conceal the 6ins an! en!s of the ru22er 2an!. 7ut the car!s with the ru22er 2an! in a 6ac of car!sH ta e any other car! fro+ the 6ac an! show it to the au!ience in such a way that you !o not see an! now the car! shown. Deturn the car! to the 6ac % 2ut 2e sure an! 6lace it 2etween the car!s tie! to= gether with the ru22er 2an!. 9ras6 the 6ac 2etween your thu+2 an! finger tightly at first% an! 2y gra!ually loosening your hol! the car! 6re<iously shown to the au!ience will slowly rise out of the 6ac . ==.ontri2ute! 2y To+i ,CFawara% San *rancisco% .al. Sl$d$"# Bo9 Co1e* F -te"e* %+56'

Ehile tra<eling through the country as a watch+a er I foun! it Juite con<enient to ee6 +y s+all !rills% ta6s% s+all 2rooches% etc.% In 2o5es ha<ing a sli!ing co<er. To ee6 the contents fro+ s6illing or getting +i5e! in +y case I use! a s+all fastener as shown in the acco+6anying illustration% The fastener is +a!e of steel or 2rass an! fastene! 2y +eans of s+all screws or tac s on the outsi!e of the 2o5. ( hole is !rille! on the u66er 6art to recei<e the 6in that is !ri<en into the sli!ing co<er. This 6in shoul! not stic out 2eyon! the thic ness of the s6ring% which is 2ent u6 at the 6oint so the 6in will freely 6ass un!er it. The 6in can 2e !ri<en through the co<er to 6re<ent it fro+ 2eing 6ulle! entirely out of the 2o5. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Her+ 9ra2e+ann% Milwau ee% Eis. Ho3 to C8 $" Do# %+57'

( goo! way to chain a !og an! gi<e hi+ 6lenty of groun! for e5ercise is to stretch a clothesline or a gal<aniBe!

The Dog Has 7lenty of Doo+ for #5ercise wire 2etween the house an! 2arn on which is 6lace! a ring large enough to sli!e freely. The chain fro+ the !ogCs collar is fastene! to the ring. This +etho! can also 2e use! for tethering a cow or horse% the a!<antage 2eing the use of a short tie ro6e eli+inating the 6ossi2ility of the ani+al 2eco+ing entangle!. W te*7Colo* Bo9 %+57' There are +any !ifferent trays in the +ar et for the 6ur6ose of hol!ing water colors% 2ut they are either too e56ensi<e for the a<erage 6erson or too s+all to 2e con<enient. I !o a great !eal of water=color wor an! always felt the nee! of a suita2le color !ish. (t last I foun! so+ething that fille! +y want an! suite! +y 6oc et2oo . I 2ought $$ in!i<i!ual salt !ishes an! +a!e a 2o5 to hol! the+% as shown in the illustration. This 2o5 has !one goo! ser<ice. So+e of the a!<antages are4 #ach color is in a se6arate !ish which can 2e easily ta en out an! cleane!H the !ishes are !ee6 enough to 6re<ent s6illing the colors into the a!8oining ones% an! the 2o5 can 2e +a!e as 2ig or as s+all as in!i<i!ual nee!s reJuire. The tray containing the color !ishes an! 2rushes rests on 1GI=in. roun! 6ieces $=1GI in. fro+ the 2otto+ of the 2o5% thus gi<ing a+6le store roo+ for colors% 6rints% sli!es an! e5tra 2rushes.

.olor Trays Ma!e of Salt Dishes =.ontri2ute! 2y B. Beller% Hartfor!% .onnecticut. S 1$"# I", Pe"- %+57' In usually corro!es 6ens in a short ti+e. This can 2e 6re<ente! 2y 6lacing 6ieces of steel 6ens or steel wire in the in % which will a2sor2 the aci! an! 6re<ent it fro+ corro!ing the 6ens.

A Pl "t7Food Pe*(ol to* %+58' ,2tain two 2utter tu2s an! 2ore a large nu+2er of 1GI=in. holes in the 2otto+ of one% then co<er the 6erforate! 6art with a 6iece of fine 2rass gauBe :*ig. 1;% tac ing the gauBe well at the corners. The other tu2 shoul! 2e fitte! with a faucet of so+e in! =a woo! faucet% costing L cents% will answer the 6ur6ose. 7ut the first tu2 on to6 of the other with two narrow stri6s 2etween the+ :*ig. $;. *ill the u66er tu2% a2out three= fourths full% with well 6ac e! horse +anure% an! 6our water on it until it is well soa e!. Ehen the water has 6ercolate! through into the lower tu2% it is rea!y to use on house an! gar!en 6lants an! is 2etter than 6lain water% as it a!!s 2oth fertiliBer an! +oisture. == .ontri2ute! 2y .. ,. Dar e% Eest 0ynn% Mass.

*I9.I

L t8e S 0et< %+58' (lways cali6er the wor in a lathe while it is stan!ing still. /e<er use the ways of a lathe for an an<il or storage 6latfor+. Fold$"# @4$lt$"#7F* !e- %+58' The fra+e in which the +aterial is e6t stretche! when +a ing a Juilt is usually too large to 2e 6ut out of the way con<eniently when other !uties +ust 2e atten!e! toH an! es6ecially are the en! 6ieces o28ectiona2le. This can 2e re+e!ie! 2y hinging the en!s so they will fol! un!erneath to the center. The en! 6ieces are cut in two at one=fourth their !istance fro+ each en!% a hinge screwe! to the un!er si!e to hol! the+ together% an! a hoo an! eye fastene! on the other si!e to hol! the 6arts rigi! when they are in use. Ehen the en!s are turne! un!er% the fra+e is narrow enough to 2e easily carrie! fro+ one roo+ to another% or 6lace! against a wall.

A D*$) S8$eld 0o* t8e A*!- %+58' Ehen wor ing with the han!s in a 6an of water% oil or other flui!% it is <ery !isagreea2le to ha<e the liJui! run !own the ar+s% when they are raise! fro+ the 6an% often to soil the slee<es of a clean gar+ent. ( !ri6 shiel! which will sto6 the flui! an! cause it to run 2ac into the 6an can 2e easily +a!e fro+ a 6iece of sheet ru22er or% if this is not a<aila2le% fro+ a 6iece of the inner tu2e of a 2icycle tire. .ut a washer with the hole large enough to fit snugly a2out the wrist% 2ut not so tight as to sto6 the

Shiel!s for the (r+s circulation of the 2loo!. ( 6air of these shiel!s will always co+e in han!y. === .ontri2ute! 2y 0. M. #ifel% .hicago. Ho3 to C "e C8 $*- %+5:' There are 2ut few househol!s that !o not ha<e at least one or two chairs without a seat or 2ac . The sa+e househol!s +ay ha<e so+e one who woul! en8oy recaning the chairs if he only new how to !o it% an! also +a e consi!era2le 6in +oney 2y re6airing chairs for the neigh2ors. If the following !irections are carrie! out% new cane seats an! 2ac s can easily 2e 6ut in chairs where they are 2ro en or sagge! to an unco+forta2le 6osition. The first thing necessary is to re+o<e the ol! cane. This can 2e !one 2y turning the chair u6si!e !own an!% with the ai! of a shar6 nife or chisel% cutting the cane 2etween the holes. (fter this is !one the ol! 2otto+ can 2e 6ulle! out. If 6lugs are foun! in any of the holes% they shoul! 2e noc e! out. If the 2eginner is in !ou2t a2out fin!ing which holes along any cur<e! si!es shoul! 2e use! for the cane running nearly 6arallel to the e!ge% he +ay fin! it to his a!<antage to +ar the holes on the un!er si!e of the fra+e 2efore re+o<ing the ol! cane. The wor er shoul! 2e 6ro<i!e! with a s+all sa+6le of the ol! cane. (t any first=class har!ware store a 2un!le of si+ilar +aterial +ay 2e secure!. The cane usually co+es in lengths of a2out 1L ft. an! each 2un!le contains

Three Stages of Eea<ing enough to reseat se<eral chairs. In a!!ition to the cane% the wor er shoul! 6ro<i!e hi+self with a 6iece of 2acon rin!% a sJuare 6ointe! we!ge% as shown in *ig. 1% an! 8 or 10 roun! woo! 6lugs% which are use! for te+6orarily hol!ing the en!s of the cane in the holes. 1ntie one of the stran!s which has 2een well soa e!% 6ut a2out ' or I in. !own through the hole at one en! of what is to 2e the outsi!e stran! of one si!e an! secure it in this hole 2y +eans of one of the s+all 6lugs +entione!. The 6lug shoul! not 2e force! in too har! nor cut off% as it +ust 2e re+o<e! again. The other en! of the stran! shoul! 2e +a!e 6ointe! an! 6asse! !own through the hole at the o66osite si!e% an!% after ha<ing 2een 6ulle! tight% hel! there 2y inserting another 6lug.

*irst 0ayer of Stran!s

*irst Two 0ayers in 7lace 7ass the en! u6 through the ne5t hole% then across an! !own% an! hol! while the secon! 6lug is +o<e! to the last hole through which the cane was !rawn. In the sa+e +anner 6rocee! across the chair 2otto+. Ehene<er the en! of one stran! is reache!% it shoul! 2e hel! 2y a 6lug% an! a new one starte! in the ne5t hole as in the 2eginning. /o 6lugs

shoul! 2e 6er+anently re+o<e! until another stran! of cane is through the sa+e hole to hol! the first stran! in 6lace. (fter laying the stran!s across the seat in one !irection% 6ut in another layer at right angles an! lying entirely a2o<e the first layer. Both of these layers when in 6lace a66ear as shown in one of the illustrations. (fter co+6leting the secon! layer% stretch the thir! one% using the sa+e holes as for the first layer. This will +a e three layers% the first 2eing hi!!en 2y the thir! while the secon! layer is at right angles to an! 2etween the first an! thir!. /o wea<ing has 2een !one u6 to this ti+e% nothing 2ut stretching an! threa!ing the cane through the holes. The cane will ha<e the a66earance shown in *ig. '. The ne5t thing to !o is to start the cane across in the sa+e !irection as the secon! layer an! 2egin the wea<ing. The to6 or thir! layer stran!s shoul! 2e 6ushe! towar! the en! fro+ which the wea<ing starts% so that the stran! 2eing wo<en +ay 2e 6ushe! !own 2etween the first an! thir! layers an! u6 again 2etween 6airs. The two first stran!s of the fourth layer are shown wo<en in *ig. '. During the wea<ing% the stran!s shoul! 2e lu2ricate! with the rin! of 2acon to +a e the+ 6ass through with ease. #<en with this lu2rication% one can sel!o+ wea<e +ore than half way across the seat with the 6ointe! en! 2efore fin!ing it a!<isa2le to 6ull the re+ain!er of the stran! through. (fter finishing this fourth layer of stran!s% it is Juite 6ro2a2le that each stran! will 2e a2out +i!way 2etween its two neigh2ors instea! of lying close to its +ate as !esire!% an! here is where the sJuare an! 6ointe! we!ge is use!. The we!ge is !ri<en !own 2etween the 6ro6er stran!s to +o<e the+ into 6lace. Start at one corner an! wea<e !iagonally% as shown in *ig. I% +a ing sure that the stran! will sli6 in 2etween the two which for+ the corner of the sJuare in each case. ,ne +ore wea<e across on the !iagonal an! the seat will 2e finishe! e5ce6t for the 2in!ing% as shown in *ig. L. The 2in!ing consists of one stran! that co<ers the row of holes while it is hel! !own with another stran!% a loo6 o<er the first 2eing +a!e e<ery secon! or thir! hole as !esire!. It will 2e of great assistance to ee6 another chair with a cane 2otto+ at han! to e5a+ine while recaning the first chair. ==.ontri2ute! 2y M. D. E. Re) $*$"# C* (,ed Co!)o-$t$o" De1elo)$"# T* < %+60'

*ill the crac with so+e 6ow!ere! rosin an! hea6 it u6 on the outsi!e. Heat a sol!ering=iron or any 6iece of +etal enough to +elt the rosin an! let it flow through the 2rea . Ehen cool% tri+ off the sur6lus rosin. If han!le! with a little care% a tray re6aire! in this +anner will last a long ti+e. The che+icals will not affect the rosin. =.ontri2ute! 2y #. D. 7atric % Detroit% Michigan. Ho3 to L < O4t S4"d$ l %+6&'

The sun!ial is an instru+ent for +easuring ti+e 2y using the sha!ow of the sun. They were Juite co++on in ancient ti+es 2efore cloc s an! watches were in<ente!. (t the 6resent ti+e they are use! +ore as an orna+entation than as a +eans of +easuring ti+e% although they are Juite accurate if 6ro6erly constructe!. There are se<eral !ifferent !esigns of sun!ials% 2ut the +ost co++on% an! the one we shall !escri2e in this article% is the horiBontal !ial. It consists of a flat circular ta2le% 6lace! fir+ly on a soli! 6e!estal an! ha<ing a triangular 6late of +etal% *ig. 1% calle! the gno+on% rising fro+ its center an! incline! towar! the +eri!ian line of the !ial at an angle eJual to the latitu!e of the 6lace where the !ial is to 2e use!. The sha!ow of the e!ge of the triangular 6late +o<es aroun! the northern 6art of the !ial fro+ +orning to afternoon% an! thus su66lies a rough +easure+ent of the hour of the !ay. The style or gno+on% as it always eJuals the latitu!e of the 6lace% can 2e lai! out as follows4 Draw a line (B% *ig. 1% L in. long an! at the one en! erect a 6er6en!icular B.% the height of which is ta en fro+ ta2le /o. 1. It +ay 2e necessary to inter6olate for a gi<en latitu!e% as for e5a+6le% lat. I1V='0C. *ro+ ta2le /o. 1 lat. I$V is I.L in. an! for lat. I0V% the ne5t s+allest% it is I.$ in. Their !ifference is .' in. for $V% an! for 1V it woul! 2e .1L in. *or '0C it woul! 2e 1G$ of 1V or .07L in. (ll a!!e! to the lesser or I0V% we ha<e I.$".1L".07L in.[ I.I$ in. as the height of the line B. for lat. I1 V='0C. If you ha<e a ta2le of natural functions% the height of the line B.% or the style% is the 2ase :L in. in this case; ti+es the

tangent of the !egree of latitu!e. Draw the line (D% an! the angle B(D is the correct angle for the style for the gi<en

Details of Dial T(B0# /o. 1. Height of stile in inches for a Lin. 2ase% for <arious latitu!es 0atitu!e Height 0atitu!e Height $LV $.'' I$V I.L0 $)V $.II IIV I.8' $7V $.LL I)V L.18 $8V $.)) I8V L.LL '0V $.8& L0V L.&) '$V '.1$ L$V ).I0 'IV '.'7 LIV ).88 ')V '.)' L)V 7.I1 '8V '.&1 L8V 8.00 I0V I.$0 )0V 8.)) latitu!e. Its thic ness% if of +etal% +ay 2e con<eniently fro+ 1G8 to 1GI in. H or if of stone% an inch or two% or +ore% accor!ing to the siBe of the !ial. 1sually for neatness of a66earance the 2ac of the style is hollowe! as shown. The u66er e!ges which cast the sha!ows +ust 2e shar6 an! straight% an! for this siBe !ial :10 in. in !ia+eter; they shoul! 2e a2out 7=1G$ in. long. To layout the hour circle% !raw two 6arallel lines (B an! .D% *ig. $% which will re6resent the 2ase in length an! thic ness. Draw two se+i=circles% using the 6oints ( an! . as centers% with a ra!ius of L in. The 6oints of intersection with the lines (B an! .D will 2e the 1$ oCcloc +ar s. ( line #* !rawn through the 6oints ( an! .% an! 6er6en!icular to the 2ase or style% an! intersecting the se+icircles% gi<es the ) oCcloc 6oints. The 6oint +ar e! O is to 2e use! as the center of the !ial. The inter+e!iate hour an! half=hour lines can 2e 6lotte! 2y using ta2le /o. $ for gi<en latitu!es% 6lacing the+ to the right or left of the 1$=oCcloc 6oints. *or latitu!es not gi<en% inter6olate in the sa+e +anner as for the height of the style. The 1GI=hour an! the L an! 10=+inute !i<isions +ay 2e s6ace! with theC eye or they +ay 2e co+6ute!. T .le NO. +. .hor!s in inches for a 10 in. circle Sun!ial. 0at H,1DS ,* D(1$='0 1 1='0 $ $='0 ' '='0 11='0 11 10='0 10 &='0 & 8='0 $0 .$8 .L) .87 1.1& 1.L7 1.&& $.I& '0 .'' .)) 1.0$ 1.I0 1.8$ $.'0 $.8L 'L .'8 .7) 1.1) 1.L& $.0) $.L7 '.1) I0 .I$ .8L 1.'0 1.77 $.$7 $.8$ '.I$ IL .I) .&I 1.I$ 1.&' $.I) '.0' '.)I

I 8 '.11 '.I& '.81 I.07 I.$&

I='0 7='0 '.87 I.$) I.LL I.7& I.&7

L 7 I.8$ L.1I L.'7 L.LL L.)8

L='0 )='0 L.&' ).10 ).$' ).'$ ).'&

L0 .L0 LL .LI 60 .L7

1.01 1.L' 1.08 1.)' 1.1I 1.71

$.0) $.1& $.'0

$.)8 '.$1 $.77 '.'7 $.8& '.I&

'.8$ '.&8 I.10

I.I) I.)0 I.7$

L.1$ L.7& ).I) L.$I L.87 ).I& L.'I L.&' ).L$

Ta2le /o. ' .orrections in +inutes to change. Sun ti+e to local +ean ti+e%= a!! those +ar e! " su2tract those Mar e! = fro+ Sun!ial li+e. $0 Day of +onth 1 10 January "' "7 "11 *e2ruary "1I "1I "1I March "1' "11 "8 (6ril "I "$ =1 May =' =I =I June =' "1 "1 "' "L ") July (ugust ") "L "' Se6te+2er "0 =' =L ,cto2er =10 =1' =1L /o<e+2er =1) =1) =1I Dece+2er =11 =7 ='

'0 "1' "L =' =' "' ") "1 =10 =1) =11 "$

Ehen 6lacing the !ial in 6osition% care +ust 2e ta en to get it 6erfectly le<el an! ha<e the style at right angles to the !ial face% with its slo6ing si!e 6ointing to the /orth 7ole. (n or!inary co+6ass% after allowing for the !eclination% will ena2le one to set the !ial% or it +ay 2e set 2y 6lacing it as near north an! south as one +ay 8u!ge an! co+6aring with a watch set at stan!ar! ti+e. The !ial ti+e an! the watch ti+e shoul! agree after the watch has 2een correcte! for the eJuation of ti+e fro+ ta2le /o. '% an! for the !ifference 2etween stan!ar! an! local ti+e% changing the 6osition of the !ial until an agree+ent is reache!. Sun ti+e an! stan!ar! ti+e agree only four ti+es a year% (6ril 1)% June 1L% Se6t. $ an! Dec. $L% an! on these !ates the !ial nee!s no correction. The corrections for the <arious !ays of the +onth can 2e ta en fro+ Ta2le '. The " +eans that the cloc is faster% an! the = +eans that the !ial is faster than the sun. Still another correction +ust 2e +a!e which is constant for each gi<en locality. Stan!ar! ti+e is the correct ti+e for longitu!e 7L0 /ew -or % &00 .hicago% 10L0 Den<er an! 1$00 for San *rancisco. (scertain in !egrees of longitu!e how far your !ial is east or west of the nearest stan!ar! +eri!ian an! !i<i!e this 2y 1L% re!ucing the answer to +inutes an! secon!s% which will 2e the correction in +inutes an! secon!s of ti+e. If the !ial is east of the +eri!ian chosen% then the watch is slowerH if west% it will 2e faster. This correction can 2e a!!e! to the <alues in ta2le /o. '% +a ing each <alue slower when it is east of the stan!ar! +eri!ian an! faster when it is west. The style or gno+on with its 2ase can 2e +a!e in ce+ent an! set on a ce+ent 6e!estal which has sufficient 2ase 6lace! in the groun! to +a e it soli!. The !esign of the sun!ial is left to the ingenuity of the +a er. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. #. Mitchell% Siou5 .ity% Iowa. I!$t t$o" A*!- "d A*!o*7P *t IV %+6/' The ancient ar+s of !efense as shown in the acco+6anying illustrations +a e goo! orna+ents for the !en if they are cut fro+ woo! an! finishe! in i+itation of the real wea6on. The !esigns shown re6resent original ar+s of the si5teenth an! se<enteenth centuries. (s they are the genuine re6ro!uctions% each article can 2e la2elle! with the na+e% a!!ing to each 6iece interest an! <alue% says the #nglish Mechanic% 0on!on. #ach wea6on is cut fro+ woo!. The 2la!es of the a5es an! the cutting e!ges of the

swor!s are !resse! !own an! finishe! with san!6a6er an! the steel 6arts re6resente! 2y co<ering the woo! with tinfoil. Ehen 6utting on the tinfoil% 2rush a thin coat of glue on the 6art to 2e co<ere! an! Juic ly lay on the foil. If a cutting e!ge is to 2e co<ere! the tinfoil on one si!e of the 2la!e +ust o<erla6 the e!ge which is 6aste! on the o66osite si!e. The other si!e is then co<ere! with the tinfoil of a siBe that will not Juite co<er to the cutting e!ge. (fter laying the foil an! allowing ti+e for the glue to !ry% wi6e the surface with light stro es u6 an! !own se<eral ti+es using a soft 6iece of cloth.

7artisan% *or an! Hal2er! ( *rench 6artisan of the si5teenth century is shown in *ig. 1. The wea6on is )=1G$ ft. long with a roun! han!le ha<ing the sa+e circu+ference for the entire length which is co<ere! with cri+son cloth or <el<et an! stu!!e! all o<er with roun!=hea!e!

S6ontoon. 9lai<e an! Voulge 2rass nails. The s6ear hea! is of steel a2out 1L in. long fro+ the 6oint where it is attache! to the han!le. The wi!est 6art of the 2la!e fro+ s6ear to s6ear is a2out 8 in. The length of the tassel or fringe is a2out I in. *igure $ shows a 9er+an +ilitary for of the si5teenth century% the length of which is a2out L ft. with a han!le of woo! 2oun! with hea<y cor! in a s6iral for+ an! the whole 6ainte! a !ar color. The entire length of the for fro+ the han!le to the 6oints is a2out 10 in.% an! is co<ete! with tinfoil in i+itation of steel. ( Swiss hal2er! of the si5teenth century is shown in *ig. '. This co+2ination of an a5e an! s6ear is a2out 7 ft. long fro+ the 6oint of the s6ear to the en! of the han!le%

which is sJuare. The s6ear an! a5e is of steel with a han!le of 6lain !ar woo!. The holes in the a5e can 2e 2ore! or 2urne! out with re!=hot iron ro!s% the holes 2eing a2out 1GI in. in !ia+eter. *igure I shows an (ustrian officersC s6ontoon% use! a2out the se<enteenth century. It is a2out ) ft. long with a roun! woo!en han!le. The s6ear hea! fro+ its 6oint to where fi5e! on the han!le is a2out & in. long. The e!ges are shar6. The cross 2ar which runs through the lower en! of the s6ear can

Hal2er!. Danseur an! 0ance 2e +a!e in two 6ieces an! glue! into a hole on each si!e. The length of this 2ar is a2out L in. The s+all circular 6late through which the 2ar is fi5e! can 2e cut fro+ a 6iece of car!2oar! an! glue! on the woo!en s6ear. ( gisar+ or glai<e% use! 2y Italians in the si5teenth century% is shown in *ig. L. The entire length is a2out )=1G$ ft. The 2la!e is engra<e! steel with a length of +etal wor fro+ the 6oint of the s6ear to where it 8oins the han!le or staff of a2out 18 in. It has a roun! woo!en han!le 6ainte! 2lac or !ar 2rown. The engra<e! wor +ust 2e car<e! in the woo! an! when 6utting the tinfoil on% 6ress it well into the car<e! !e6ressions. *igure ) shows a Sa5on <oulge of the si5teenth century% ) ft. long% with a roun! woo! han!le an! a steel a5e or 2la!e% shar6 on the outer e!ge an! hel! to the han!le 2y two steel 2an!s% which are a 6art of the a5e. The 2an!s can 2e +a!e of car!2oar! an! glue! on to the woo! a5e. These 2an!s can 2e +a!e <ery strong 2y reinforcing the car!2oar! with a 6iece of can<as. ( s+all cur<e! s6ear 6oint is car<e! fro+ a 6iece of woo!% co<ere! with tinfoil an! fastene! on the en! of the han!le as shown. The 2an! of +etal on the si!e is cut fro+ car!2oar!% co<ere! with tinfoil an! fastene! on with roun!== hea!e! 2rass or steel nails. ( <ery han!so+e wea6on is the 9er+an hal2er! of the si5teenth century which is shown in *ig. 7. The entire length is a2out )=1G$ ft.% with a roun! woo!en han!le fitte! at the lower en! with a steel orna+ent. The length of the s6ear 6oint to the lower en! where it 8oins on to the han!le is 1I in. The e5tre+e wi!th of the a5e is 1) or 17 in. The outer an! inner e!ges of the crescent=sha6e! 6art of the a5e are shar6. This a5e is cut out with a scroll or eyhole saw an! co<ere! with tinfoil. (n Italian ranseur of the si5teenth century is shown in *ig. 8. This wea6on is a2out ) ft. long with a roun! staff or han!le. The entire length of the +etal 6art fro+ the 6oint of the s6ear to where it 8oins the staff is 1L in. The s6ear is steel% shar6 on the outer e!ges. *igure & shows a tilting lance with <a+6late use! in tourna+ents in the si5teenth century. The woo! 6ole is co<ere! with cloth or 6ainte! a !ar color. (t the en! is a four=6ronge! 6iece of steel. The <a+6late can 2e +a!e of car!2oar! co<ere! with tinfoil to re6resent steel an! stu!!e! with 2rass nails. The e5tre+e length is & ft. The tassels or fringe use! in !ecorating the han!les can 2e +a!e fro+ a few inches of worste! fringe% a2out I in. long an! woun! aroun! the han!le or staff twice an! fastene! with 2rass=hea!e! nails.

A" E!e*#e"(< B ..$tt L dle %+62' Ta e an ol! sto<e leg an! ri<et a han!le on it an! then 2rea the 6iece off which fastens on the sto<e. The large an! roun!ing 6art of the leg +a es the 2owl of the la!le. This la!le will 2e foun! con<enient for +elting 2a22itt or lea!.=.ontri2ute! 2y D. H. Eor +an% 0ou!on<ille% ,hio.

Ho3 to M ,e ? ) "e-e Po*t$e*e- %+65' These <ery useful an! orna+ental !ra6eries can 2e easily +a!e at ho+e 2y anyone 6ossessing a little ingenuity. They can 2e +a!e of <arious +aterials% the +ost !ura2le 2eing 2a+2oo% although 2ea!s of glass or rolle! 6a6er will 6ro!uce goo! results. Su2stances such as straw% while rea!ily a!a6ta2le an! ha<ing a neat a66earance% are less !ura2le an! will Juic ly show wear. The 6a6er 2ea!s are easily +a!e as shown in *igs. 1% $ an! '. In *igs. 1 an! $ are shown how the 6a6er is cut ta6ering% an! as it a66ears after rolling an! gluing !own the en!s. ( straight 6a6er 2ea! is shown in *ig. B. The first ste6 is to select the in! of 2ea!s !esire! for stringing an! then 6rocure the hanging cor!. Be sure to get a cor! of such siBe that the 2ea!s will sli6 on rea!ily an! yet ha<e the least 6ossi2le lateral +o<e+ent. This is i+6ortant to secure neatness. ,ne en! of each cor! is tie! to a roun! 6iece of woo!% or in holes 6unche! in a leather stra6. Iron or 2rass rings can 2e use! if !esire!. .ut all the cor!s the sa+e length% +a ing allowance for the nu+2er of nots necessary to 6ro!uce the !esign selecte!. So+e !esigns reJuire only one not at the 2otto+. It is 2est to +a e a rough s etch of the !esign on 6a6er. This will greatly ai! the +a er in carrying on the wor .

Ba+2oo an! Straw 7ortieres Ehen the +ain 6art of the screen is finishe!% the cross cor!s% use! for s6acing an! 2in!ing the whole together% are 6ut in 6lace. This is !one with a nee!le +a!e fro+ a 6iece of s+all wire% as shown in *ig. I. The cross cor!s are wo<en in as shown in *ig. L. (s +any of these cross cor!s can 2e 6ut in as !esire!% an! if 6lace! fro+ ) to 1$ in. a6art% a soli! screen will 2e +a!e instea! of a 6ortiere. The twiste! cross cor!s shoul!

2e of such +aterial% an! 6ut through in such +anner that they will not 2e rea!ily seen. If 6a6er 2ea!s are use! they can 2e colore! to suit an! har!ene! 2y <arnishing. The first !esign shown is for using 2a+2oo. The cor!s are notte! to hol! the 2a+2oo 6ieces in 6lace. The finishe! 6ortiere will rese+2le !rawn wor in cloth. Many 2eautiful hangings can 2e easily fashione!. The secon! !esign is to 2e constructe! with a 6lain groun! of either straw% 2a+2oo or rolle! 6a6er. The cor!s are hung u6on a roun! stic with rings of +etal to +a e the sli!ing easy. The !esign is +a!e 2y stringing 2ea!s of colore! glass at the right 6laces 2etween the lengths of groun! +aterial. ,ne 2ea! is 6lace! at the e5tre+e en! of each cor!. The rows of twiste! cor! 6lace! at the to6 ee6 the strings 6ro6erly s6ace!. == .ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. M. Harrer% 0oc 6ort% /ew -or . M ,e-8$0t C !)e*;- L "te*" %+66' Ehile out ca+6ing% our only lantern was acci!entally s+ashe! 2eyon! re6air% an! it was necessary to !e<ise so+ething that woul! ta e its 6lace. Ee too an e+6ty to+ato can an! cut out the tin% ' in. wi!e% for a length e5ten!ing fro+ a 6oint $ in. 2elow the to6 to within 1GI in. of the 2otto+. #ach si!e of the cut=out ( was 2ent inwar! in the sha6e of a letter S% in which was 6lace! a 6iece of glass. *our V=sha6e! notches were cut% as shown at B% near the to6 of the can an! their 6oints turne! outwar!. ( slit was cut in the 2otto+% sha6e! as shown at .% an! the 6ointe! en!s thus for+e! were turne! u6 to +a e a 6lace for hol!ing the 2ase of a can!le. ( larger can was secure! an! the 2otto+ 6erforate!. This was turne! o<er the to6 of the other can. ( hea<y wire was run through the 6erforations an! a short 6iece of 2roo+ han!le use! to +a e a 2ail. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Maurice Bau!ier% /ew ,rleans% 0a.

0antern Ma!e of ,l! .ans Ne3 T$*e- 0o* C *)et7S3ee)e* W8eel- %+66' The ru22er tires on car6et=swee6er wheels often 2eco+e so 2a!ly worn an! stretche! that they fail to gri6 the car6et fir+ly enough to run the swee6er. To re+e!y this% 6rocure so+e ru22er ta6e a little wi!er than the ri+s of the ol! wheels% re+o<e the ol! ru22er tires an! win! the ta6e on the ri+s to the 6ro6er thic ness. Tri+ the e!ges with a shar6 nife an! ru2 on so+e chal or soa6stone 6ow!er to 6re<ent the

ta6e fro+ stic ing to the car6et. ( swee6er treate! in this +anner will wor as well as a new one. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. H. Shay% /ew2urgh% /. -. G 4"tlet- o" Glo1e- %+66' Ehen the fingers or 6al+s of glo<es with gauntlets wear out% !o not throw away the glo<es% 2ut cut off the gauntlets an! 6rocure a 6air of glo<es with short wrists to which the ol! gauntlets can 2e sewn after the wrist 2an!s ha<e 2een re+o<e! fro+ the new glo<es. The sewing +ay 2e !one either 2y han! or on a +achine% gathering in any fullness in the 2ellows of the cuff on the un!er si!e. ( 6air of gauntlets will outwear three or four 6airs of glo<es. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Jose6h H. Sanfor!% 7asa!ena% .al. Ho3 to M ,e " O*" !e"t l B* -- Fl # %+66' The outlines of the flag==which +ay 2e of any siBe to suit the +etal at han!==an! the na+e are first !rawn on a sheet of thin 6a6er an! then transferre! to the 2rass 2y tracing through a sheet of car2on 6a6er. The 2rass shoul! 2e so+ewhat larger than the !esign. The 2rass is fastene! to a 2loc of soft woo! with s+all nails !ri<en through the e!ges. In!ent the na+e an! outline of the flag with a s+all chisel with the face groun! flat% a2out 1G1) in. wi!e. This shoul! 2e !one gra!ually% sin ing the lines !ee6er an! !ee6er 2y going o<er the+ a nu+2er of ti+es. (fter this is finishe!% the 2rass is loosene! fro+ the 2loc % turne! o<er 2ut not fastene!% an! the whole outsi!e of an! 2etween the letters is in!ente! with the roun!e! en! of a nail% gi<ing the a66earance of ha++ere! 2rass. The e!ges are now cut off an! four holes !rille!% two for the chain 2y which to hang the flag to the wall% an! two along the si!e for attaching the staff. The staff is a s+all 2rass ro! with a no2 attache! to the to6 en!. It woul! 2e well to 6olish the 2rass at first% if the finishe! wor is to 2e

The *inishe! *lag 2right% as it cannot 2e !one after the flag is co+6lete!. ( coat of lacJuer is a66lie! to ee6 it fro+ tarnishing. This is !one 2y heating the 2rass an! Juic ly a66lying a coat of shellac. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .has. Schaffner% Maywoo!% Ill. A" AdF4-t .le P4"(8$"#7B # Pl t0o*! %+67' ( 6unching=2ag 6latfor+% suita2le for the tall athlete as well as the s+all 2oy, is shown in the acco+6anying s etch. The 6latfor+ is securely fastene! to two strong woo!en ar+s or 2races% which in turn are naile! to a $ 2y 1$=in. 6lan as long as the !ia+eter of the 6latfor+. This 6lan % as shown in the s+all !rawing at the u66er left=han! corner of the s etch% is 6lace! in groo<es or slots fastene! against the si!e of a wall. The 6lan with the 6latfor+ attache! +ay 2e raise! or lowere! to the !esire! height an! hel! there

2y a 6in or 2olt 6ut through the 2olt=hole of the 6lan an! into a hole in the wall. == .ontri2ute! 2y E. (. JaJuythe% Dich+on!% .al.

(!8usta2le 7latfor+ Cl -) 0o* Hold$"# Fle9$.le L !) Co*d- %+67' ( <ery easily +a!e !ro6=light a!8uster is shown in the illustration. It consists of a 6iece of co66er wire 7G8 in. in !ia+eter% 2ent as shown. This clas6 is ca6a2le of stan!ing a strong 6ull an! will hol! the la+6 an! soc et with a glass sha!e. ==#. F. Marshall% ,a 7ar % Ill.

P*ote(t C !el H $* B*4-8e- %+67' .a+el hair 2rushes for 6aintersC use shoul! ne<er 2e allowe! to co+e in contact with water. Ho!e7M de Ele(t*$( Clo(, %+68' The cloc illustrate! herewith is !ri<en 2y +eans of electro+agnets acting !irectly on the 6en!ulu+ 2o2. 1nli e +ost cloc s% the 6en!ulu+ swings

Magnetic .loc forwar! an! 2ac war! instea! of laterally. The construction is <ery si+6le% an! the result is not only no<el 2ut well worth while% 2ecause one !oes not ha<e to 2other a2out win!ing a cloc % such as this one% says the Scientific (+erican. The cloc is +ounte! on a woo!en 2ase +easuring '='GI 2y)=1G$ in.% 2y 1=LG1) in. thic . Secure! centrally on this 2ase is a 1G8 2y 'GI=in. 2ar% ) in. long an! at each si!e of this% LG1) in. away% is an electro+agnet% 'GI in. in !ia+eter an! 1=7G1) in. high. Two u6rights% 7=1G$ in. high an! 1GI in. in !ia+eter% are secure! in the 2ase 2ar% an! are connecte! at the to6 2y a 2rass yo e 6iece on which the cloc fra+e is su66orte!. Just 2elow the yo e 6iece a hole is !rille! in each u6right to recei<e the 6i<ot 6ins of the cross6iece secure! to the u66er en! of the 6en!ulu+ ro!. The 6en!ulu+ 2o2 at the lower en! is a!8uste! to swing 8ust clear of the electro+agnets. Mounte! at the right= han! si!e of the 2ase are three tall 2in!ing=6osts% the center one 2eing $='GI in. high% an! the other two $=LG8 in. high. #ach is fitte! with a 6iece of co66er wire 6ro= <i!e! with a s+all 2rass s6ring ti6. These s6rings lie in the 6lane of the 6en!ulu+% which ser<es to swing the central ti6 first against one an! then against the other of the si!e ti6s% there2y closing the circuit of first one +agnet an! then the other. #ach +agnet attracts the 6en!ulu+ until its circuit is 2ro en 2y release of the center ti6% an! on the return swing of the 6en!ulu+ the circuit of the other +agnet is si+ilarly close!. Thus the 6en!ulu+ is e6t in +otion 2y the alternate +agnetic i+6ulses. The cloc train is ta en fro+ a stan!ar! cloc an! the +otion of the 6en!ulu+ is i+6arte! to the esca6e wheel 2y +eans of a 6awl% 2earing on the latter% which is lifte! at each forwar! stro e of the 6en!ulu+ 2y an ar+ 6ro8ecting forwar! fro+ the 6i<otal en! of the 6en!ulu+ ro!. Met8od o0 ?o$"$"# Bo *d- %+68' The a+ateur woo!=wor er often has trou2le in 8oining two 2oar!s together so that they will fit sJuare an! tight. The acco+6anying s etch shows a si+6le an! effecti<e +etho! of !oing this. Secure a 2oar!% (% a2out 1$ in. wi!e that is 6erfectly flat. *asten another 2oar!% B% a2out ) in. wi!e% to the first one with screws or glue. /ow 6lace the 2oar! to 2e 8oine!% .% on the 2oar! B% letting it e5ten! o<er the insi!e e!ge a2out 1 in. an! fastening it to the others with cla+6s at each en!. 0ay the 6lane on its si!e an! 6lane the e!ge straight. 7lace the secon! 2oar! in the cla+6s in the sa+e +anner as the first% only ha<e the o66osite si!e u6. If the cutting e!ge of the 2la!e is not <ertical% the 2oar!s 6lane! in this +anner will fit as shown in the u66er s etch. In using this +etho!% first=class 8oints can 2e +a!e without +uch trou2le. ==.ontri2ute! 2y V. MetBech% .hicago.

To< G4" 0o* T8*o3$"# C *d.o *d S=4 *e- %+6:' The 6arts of the gun are attache! to a thin 6iece of woo! 1 in. wi!e an! L in. long. It is 2est to use a 6iece of woo! cut fro+ the si!e or co<er of a cigar 2o5. ( rectangular hole 'G1) in. wi!e an! 1 in. long is cut in the woo! longitu!inally along its a5is an! 1= 'G8 in. fro+ one en!% as shown at (% *ig. 1. ( s+all notch is +a!e with the 6oint of a nife 2la!e at B an! notches are cut in the en! of the woo! as shown at .. Du22er 2an!s are fastene! in these notches as shown in *ig. $. The trigger% whose !i+ensions are gi<en in *ig. '% is fastene! in the hole (% *ig. 1% 2y !ri<ing a 6in through the woo!. The asse+2le! 6arts are shown in *ig. I. 7lace the car!2oar! sJuare in the nic B% attach the ru22er 2an!s an! 6ull the trigger. The to6 ru22er 2an! will fly off an! !ri<e the car!2oar!

Details of Toy 9un sJuare 7L ft. or +ore. The car!2oar! shoul! 2e a2out 1G$ in. sJuare. These can 2e cut fro+ any ol! 6aste2oar! 2o5. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #l+er (. Van!erslice% 7hoeni5<ille% 7a. P8oto#* )8$( De1elo)$"# T* < %+6:' 7lates !e<elo6e! in an or!inary tray +ust 2e re+o<e! fro+ the 2ath occasionally for e5a+ination. The fil+ when in a che+ical=soa e! con!ition is easily !a+age!. The tray illustrate! herewith was +a!e for the 6ur6ose of !e<elo6ing 6lates without ha<ing to ta e hol! of the+ until the 2ath ha! co+6lete! its wor % the e5a+ination 2eing +a!e through the 6late an! the 2otto+ of the tray. ( 6oc et is 6ro<i!e! for the liJui! !e<elo6er in one en! of the tray when it is turne! u6 in a <ertical 6osition. ( tray for !e<elo6ing L 2y 7=in. 6lates shoul! 2e +a!e 8 in. sJuare insi!e. The si!e 6ieces with the groo<es for the glass are shown in *ig. 1. Two of each of these 6ieces are +a!e with +itere! en!s. The short groo<e shown in the to6 6iece of the illustration is for inserting the 6late co<ering on the 6oc et en! of the tray.

De<elo6ing Tray with 9lass Botto+ Two 2loc s% one=half the length of the si!e 6ieces% are 6ut in 2etween the glass 6lates to hol! the 6late 2eing !e<elo6e! fro+ !ro66ing !own. when the tray is ti66e! u6 in a <ertical 6osition. The glass 2otto+ of the tray is 8=1G$ in. sJuare% which allows 1GI in. on all e!ges to set in the groo<es of the si!e 6ieces. The woo! 6ieces shoul! 2e well soa e! in hot 6araffin% an! the +itere! corners well glue! an! naile!. =.ontri2ute! 2y J.(. Si+onis% *ostoria% ,hio. I*o" P4tt< %+6:' ( goo! filler use! as a 6utty on iron castings +ay 2e +a!e as follows4 Ta e% 2y weight% ' 6arts of stiff eg lea!% L 6arts of 2lac filler% $ 6arts of whiting% L 6arts of 6ul<eriBe! silica an! +a e into a 6aste with a +i5ture of one 6art each of coach 8a6an% ru22ing <arnish an! tur6entine. R4..e* B "d- $" >$te B l "($"# St*$"#- %+70' Fite flyers will fin! it to their a!<antage to 6lace ru22er 2an!s of

Ban!s in String suita2le siBe in the 2alancing strings to the ite% as shown in the illustration. This will 6re<ent a N2rea =awayN an! also +a e the right 6ull% if only two 2an!s are 6ut in the

lower strings. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Thos. De0oof% 9ran! Da6i!s% Michigan. A" A$d $" S,et(8$"# R$70S S etching reJuires so+e little training% 2ut with the a66aratus here illustrate! an ine56erience! 6erson can o2tain e5cellent results. The a66aratus is +a!e of a 2o5 8 in. !ee6% 8 in. wi!e an! a2out 1 ft. long. ( !ou2le con<e5 lens% 9% is fitte! in a 2rass tu2e which shoul! ha<e a sli!ing fit in another shorter an! larger tu2e fastene! to the en! of the 2o5. ( +irror% II% is set at an angle of IL !eg.

in the o66osite en! of the 2o5. This reflects the rays of light 6assing through the lens to the surface F% which +ay 2e either of groun! or 6lain glass. The li! or co<er #* 6rotects the glass an!. ee6s the strong light out when s etching. The insi!e of the 2o5 an! 2rass tu2e are 6ainte! a !ull 2lac . In use% the !e<ice is set with the lens tu2e !irecte! towar! the scene to 2e 6ainte! or s etche! an! the lens focuse! so the reflecte! 6icture will 2e seen in shar6 !etail on the glass. Select your colors an! 6ut the+ on the res6ecti<e colors !e6icte! on the glass. If you wish to +a e a 6encil !rawing% all you ha<e to !o is to fill in the lines in the 6icture on the groun! glass. If a 6lain glass is use!% 6lace tracing 6a6er on its surface% an! the 6icture can 2e !rawn as !escri2e!. Ho3 to M ,e M$"$ t4*e Ele(t*$( L !) So(,et- %+70' ( soc et for a +iniature la+6 can 2e +a!e as shown in the s etch. ( 2rass s6ring wire is woun! aroun! the 2ase of the threa!s on the la+6 an! an eye turne! on each en! to recei<e a screw an! a 2in!ing=6ost% as shown in *ig. 1. ( 6iece of +etal% 6refera2ly co66er% is attache! to a woo! 2ase as shown in *ig. $ an! the coil=s6ring soc et fastene! across it in the o66osite !irection. Ben! the wire so that the s6ring 6resses the la+6 against the +etal. If the wire fits the la+6 loosely% re+o<e the la+6 an! 6ress the si!es of the coil closer together. The +etal 6arts can

Eire Soc et 2e attache! to any s+ooth surface of woo! without +a ing a regular 2ase. == .ontri2ute! 2y (2ner B. Shaw% /o. Dart+outh% Mass. I!$t t$o" A*!- "d A*!o*7P *t V %+7&' The 6rece!ing cha6ters ga<e !escri6tions of +a ing ar+s in i+itation of ancient wea6ons% an! now the a+ateur ar+orer +ust ha<e so+e hel+ets to a!! to his collection. There is no li+it to the siBe of the hel+et% an! it +ay 2e +a!e as a +o!el or full siBe!. In constructing hel+ets% a +ass of clay of any in! that is easily wor a2le an! fairly stiff% is necessary% says the #nglish Mechanic% 0on!on. It +ust 2e e6t +oist an! well

nea!e!. ( large

Ma ing the .lay Mo!el an! Three Hel+et Designs Boar! or se<eral 6lan s% 8oine! closely together% on which to 6lace the clay% will 2e necessary. The siBe of this 2oar! will !e6en! on the siBe of the wor that is inten!e! to 2e +o!ele! u6on it. The way to +a e a hel+et is !escri2e! in the following +etho! of 6ro!ucing a 9er+an +orion% shown in *ig. 1. This hel+et has fleur=!e=lis in e+2osse!Z wor % an! on each si!e is a 2a!ge of the ci<ic regi+ent of the city of Munich. The si!e <iew of the hel+et is shown in *ig. 1. The clay% is 6ut on the 2oar! an! +o!ele! into the sha6e shown in *ig. $. This is !one with the ai! of a 6air of co+6asses% a few clay=+o!eling tools% an! the !eft use of the fingers. The fleur=!e=lis are slightly raise!% as in 2as=relief. To ai! in getting the hel+et in correct 6ro6ortion on 2oth si!es% an! o<er the crest on to6% cut out the sha6e fro+ a 6iece of woo!% as shown in *ig. '% with a eyhole saw. This woo! 2eing 6asse! carefully an! fir+ly o<er the clay will 2ring it into sha6e% an! will also show where there +ay 2e any !eficiencies in the +o!eling% which can then 2e easily re+e!ie! 2y a!!ing +ore clay. The cut=out 6attern shown in *ig. I is the si!e outline of the hel+et. Scra6s of thin% 2rown% wra66ing 6a6er are 6ut to soa in a 2asin of water to which has 2een a!!e! a2out a ta2les6oonful of siBe +elte! an! well stirre!% or so+e thin glue% an! left o<er night to soa . The 6a6er shoul! 2e torn in irregular sha6es a2out as large as the 6al+ of the han!. (fter the clay +o!el is finishe!% gi<e it a thin coat of oil=sweet or oli<e oil will answer the 6ur6ose <ery well. (ll 2eing rea!y% the clay +o!el oile!% an! the 2asin of soa e! 6a6er near to han!% ta e% u6 one 6iece of 6a6er at a ti+e an! <ery carefully 6lace it u6on the +o!el% 6ressing it well on the clay an! into an! aroun! any cre<ices an! 6atterns% an! continue until the clay is co+6letely co<ere!. This 2eing !one% gi<e the 6a6er a thin an! e<en coating of glue% which +ust 2e Juite hot an! 6ut on as Juic ly

as 6ossi2le. 7ut on a secon! layer of 6a6er as carefully as 2efore% then another coating of glue% an! so on% until there are fro+ four to si5 coats of glue an! 6a6er. Ehen !ry% the 6a6er coating shoul! 2e Juite stout an! strong enough for the hel+et to 2e use! for orna+ental 6ur6oses. Before ta ing it off the +o!el% which shoul! 2e no !ifficult +atter% owing to the clay 2eing oile!% tri+ off any ragge! e!ges of 6a6er with a shar6 nife% an! s+ooth an! finish all o<er with so+e fine san!6a6er. The 6a6er is then gi<en a thin coat of glue an! sections of tinfoil stuc on to gi<e it a finishe! a66earance. Ehen the hel+et is off the +o!el% +a e holes with a s+all awl at eJual !istances% through which to insert so+e fancy 2rass nails% 2en!ing the 6oints o<er an! flat against the insi!e of the hel+et. ( <iBor hel+et is shown in *ig. L. This hel+et has a +o<a2le <iBor in the front that can 2e lifte! u6% a crest on to6% an! aroun! the nec a narrow gorget which rests u6on the wearerCs shoul!ers. The whole hel+et. with the e5ce6tion of the <iBor% shoul! 2e +o!ele! an! +a!e in one 6iece. The <iBor can then 2e +a!e an! 6ut in 6lace with a 2rass=hea!e! nail on each si!e. The o2long slits in front of the <iBor +ust 2e carefully +ar e! out with a 6encil an! cut through with a nife or chisel. In *ig. ) is shown an Italian casJue of a foot sol!ier of the si5teenth century. This hel+et +ay ha<e the a66earance of 2eing richly engra<e! as shown in one=half of the !rawing% or% a few lines running !own% as seen in the other 6art of the s etch% will +a e it loo neat. The 2an! is !ecorate! with 2rass stu!s. (n Italian ca2asset of the si5teenth century is shown in *ig. 7. This hel+et is ela2orately !ecorate! with fancy an! roun!=hea!e! nails% as shown4 in the !esign. In *ig. 8 is shown a large 2assinet with a hinge! <iBor which co+es <ery +uch forwar!% so as to allow the wearer to 2reathe freely. This hel+et was worn a2out the si5teenth century% an! was 6ro2a2ly use! for tilting an! tourna+ents. ( 2urgonet s ull=ca6 of the se<enteenth century is shown in *ig. &. The <iBor is co+6ose! of a single 2ar of +etal% sJuare in sha6e% which sli!es u6 an! !own in an iron soc et attache! to the front of the hel+et% an! is hel! in any 6osition 2y a thu+2screw as shown in the illustration. ( hole in the 6ea of the hel+et allows it to hang in front of the wearerCs face. This contri<ance shoul! 2e +a!e of woo!% the hel+et to 2e +o!ele! in three 6ieces% the s ullca6% 6ea an! lo2ster shell nec guar! in one 6iece% an! the ear guar!s in two 6ieces% one for each si!e. The center of the ear guar!s are 6erforate!. (ll of the hel+ets are +a!e in the sa+e +anner as !escri2e! for *ig. 1. They are all co<ere! with tinfoil. Ho3 to Re) $* L$"ole4! %+7/' ( !ee6 crac or fissure right in front of the itchen ca2inet s6oile! the a66earance of the new linoleu+. The !a+age! s6ot was re+o<e! with a shar6 nife an! fro+ a left=o<er scra6 a 6iece was cut of the sa+e outline an! siBe. The e!ges were <arnishe! an! then the 6atch was set in the o6en s6ace. The linoleu+ was gi<en a goo! coat of <arnish +a ing it +ore !ura2le. Ehen 6erfectly !ry% the 6iecing coul! not 2e !etecte!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 7aul Feller% In!iana6olis% In!iana. Ho3 to M ,e " Ele(t*$( Sto1e R$7'S The 6arts necessary for +a ing an electric sto<e are4 Two +etal 6ie 6lates of the

sa+e siBeH I l2. of fire clayH two or!inary 2in!ing 6ostsH a2out 1 l2. of +ineral wool% or% if this cannot 2e o2taine!% thic sheet as2estosH one o2long 6iece of woo!% 1 in. thic % 1$ in. wi!e an! 1L in. longH one s+all switchH one fuse 2loc H a2out 80 ft. of /o. $$ gauge resistance wire% 9er+an=sil<er wire is 2etter% as it stan!s a higher te+6eratureH two +i!!le=siBe! sto<e 2olts with nutsH one glass tu2e% a2out 1GI in. in !ia+eter an! & in. long% which can 2e 2ought fro+ a local !ruggist% an! two large '= in. screws. If a neat a66earance is !esire!% the woo! can 2e thoroughly san!6a6ere! on one si!e an! the corners an! e!ges roun!e! off on the u66er si!e. 7unch holes in one of the 6ie 6lates% as shown in *ig. 1. The two holes% # an! *% are on the ri+ an! shoul! 2e e5actly on a line with the hole D 6unche! in the center. The holes B an! . are a2out ' in. a6art an! shoul! 2e at eJual !istances fro+ the center hole D. The ri+ of the secon! 6late is !rille! to +a e two holes% ((% *ig. $% that will +atch the holes # an! * in the first 6late% *ig. 1. ( roun! collar of gal<aniBe! iron% **% *ig. I% ' in. high% is +a!e with a !ia+eter to recei<e the first 6late snugly. Two s+all fla6s are cut an! turne! out an! holes 6unche! in their centers% ((% to recei<e screws for hol!ing it to the 2ase. Two 2olts are sol!ere! in the holes # an! *% *ig. 1% an! use! to hol! the

Details of #lectric Sto<e ri+s of 2oth 6lates together% when they are 6lace! in o66osite 6ositions% as shown in *ig. I. This will +a e an o6en s6ace 2etween the 6lates. The collar is then screwe! to one en! of the 2ase% as shown in *ig. $. Two holes are 2ore! through the 2ase to corres6on! with the holes D an! ( in the 2otto+ 6late. The glass tu2e is cut to +a e two 6ieces% each I=1G$ in. long. This can 2e !one easily 2y filing a nic in the tu2e at the 6ro6er 6oint an! 2rea ing it. These tu2es are force! into the holes 2ore! in the 2ase% an!% if the +easure+ents are correct% shoul! e5ten! a2out 1GI in. a2o<e the collar. The +ineral wool% JJ, *ig. I% is then 6ac e! !own insi!e the collar% until it is within 1 in. of the to6. This will allow the 6late% *ig. 1% to rest on the wool an! the en!s of the glass tu2es% 99% *ig. I% to 6ro8ect through the holes D an! ( of the 6late% *ig. 1. The ri+ of the 6late shoul! 2e le<el with the to6 e!ge of the collar. If as2estos is use!% the sheets shoul! 2e cut into !is s ha<ing the sa+e !ia+eter as the insi!e of the collar% an! holes cut to coinci!e with the holes D an! ( of the 6late. The s+all scra6s shoul! 2e !a+6ene! an! +a!e into 6ul6 to fill the s6ace H% *ig. I. The 6late% *ig. 1% is hel! to the 2ase 2y two screws which are run through the holes B. an! ta e the 6osition shown 2y DD% *ig. I. The two 2in!ing=6osts are attache! on the 2ase at D% *ig. $% also the switch B an! the fuse 2loc .% holes 2eing 2ore! in the 2ase to +a e the wire connections. The re<erse si!e of the 2ase% with slits cut for the wires% is shown in *ig. '. The 6oints +ar e! BB are the glass tu2esH ((% the holes lea!ing to the switchH an! .% the fuse 2loc . The wires run through the glass tu2es 99% *ig. I% are allowe! to 6ro8ect a2out 1 in. for connections. The 2est way to fin! the correct length of the resistance wire is to ta e a large clay

or !rain tile an! win! the wire tightly aroun! it% allowing a s6ace 2etween each turn. The tile is then set on its si!e with a 2loc or 2ric un!er each en!. It shoul! not 2e set on en!% as the turns of the wires% when heate!% will sli6 an! co+e in contact with each other% causing a short circuit. Ehen the tile is in 6lace% a short 6iece of fuse wire is fastene! to each of its two en!s. ( L=a+6ere fuse wire is a2out strong enough. ( con= nection is +a!e to these two wires fro+ an electric=light soc et. The wire will get hot 2ut 6ro2a2ly re+ain the sa+e color. If this is the case% one of the fee! wires is !isconnecte! fro+ the fuse wire an! gra!ually +o<e! farther !own the coil until a 6oint is foun! where the resistance wire glows a !ull re!. This 6oint +ar s the 6ro6er length to cut it% as the wire shoul! not 2e allowe! to 2eco+e any hotter. If the wire gets 2right hot when the current is turne! on% +ore wire shoul! 2e a!!e!. The wire is then +a!e into a long coil 2y win!ing it aroun! a large wire nail. The coils shoul! 2e o6en an! a2out 1G8 in. a6art. /e5t% the fire clay is +oistene! an! well +i5e!% using care not to get it too wet. It shoul! ha<e the 6ro6er consistency to +oul! well. The clay% II% *ig. I% is then 6ac e! in the first 6late to a height of a2out 1GI in. a2o<e the ri+. Ehile the clay is !a+6% one en! of the coil is connecte! with the wire in the central glass tu2e% an! the coil lai! in a s6iral win!ing on the !a+6 clay% FF% an! 6resse! into it. Ehen this is !one% the other en! is connecte! to the wire 6ro8ecting fro+ the outer glass tu2e. (s these connections cannot 2e sol!ere!% the en!s of the wires shoul! 2e twiste! closely together% so that the circuit will not 2eco+e 2ro en. Ma e sure that the coils of wire !o not touch each other or the to6 6late. The fuse wire :a2out L a+6eres; is 6ut into the fuse 2loc % an! wires with a soc et a!a6ter connecte! to the two 2in!ing=6osts. The to6 6late is 6ut in 6lace an! screwe! !own. This co+6letes the sto<e. It shoul! 2e set asi!e in a war+ 6lace for a few !ays to !ry out the 6ac ing. If it is not thoroughly !ry% stea+ will for+ when the current is a66lie!. It shoul! not 2e left heate! in this con!ition. The to6 6late is use! when coo ing an! re+o<e! when +a ing toast. ==.ontri2ute! 2y D. H. .nonyn% St. .atherines% .an. Ho3 to M ,e We$#8t- 0o* At8lete- %+72' Many ti+es 2oys woul! li e to +a e their own shots an! weights for

Mol! for the 0ea! athletic stunts% 2ut !o not now how to go a2out it to cast the +etal. In +a ing a lea! s6here as shown in the illustration% it is not necessary to now the +etho! of +ol!ing. The roun! lea! weight for shot=6utting or ha++er throwing can 2e cast in a hollow car!2oar! or 6resse!=6a6er 2all% sol! in !e6art+ent an! toy stores for 10 cents. .ut a 1G$=in. hole in the 2all as shown in *ig. 1 an! 6lace it with the hole u6 in !a+6 san! an! 6ress or ta+6 the san! lightly aroun! the 2all as shown in the section% *ig. $. .o<er o<er a2out 1 in. !ee6. ( woo! 6lug inserte! in the hole will 6re<ent any san! falling insi!e. Ehen the san! is ta+6e! in an! the 6lug re+o<e!% it lea<es a gate for the +etal. 7our +elte! lea! into the gate until it is full% then% when cool% sha e it out fro+ the san! an! re+o<e the charre! 6a6er. ( file can 2e use! to re+o<e any rough 6laces. The !ry 6a6er 2all 6re<ents any s6uttering of the hot lea!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. (. JaJuythe% Dich+on!% .al. Re!o1$"# P$e- 0*o! P "- %+75'

So+eti+es the 8uices fro+ a hot 6ie +a e it stic to the 6an so tightly that a nife 2la!e +ust 2e run un!er to cut it loose. If a nife with a fle5i2le 2la!e is not use!% the 6ie will 2e !a+age!.

Se6arating 7ies fro+ 7ans If the 6ie 6ans are 6ro<i!e! with the si+6le attach+ent shown in the acco+6anying s etch% the 2a e! !ough can 2e se6arate! fro+ the tin with one re<olution of the cutter. The cutter is +a!e fro+ a 6iece of hea<y tin% 2ent to the sa+e outline as the insi!e of the 6an an! 6i<ote! at its center. St*et(8e* 0o* D*<$"# P8oto#* )8 P*$"t- %+75' ( Juic an! con<enient way to !ry 6rints is to 6lace the+ on a cheesecloth stretcher. Such a stretcher can 2e +a!e on a light woo! fra+e% constructe! of 'GI=in. sJuare +aterial in any siBe% 2ut 1$ 2y $I in. is large enough. The en! 6ieces B are fastene! on to6 of the long si!e 6ieces (% an! the cheesecloth . stretche! an! tac e! o<er the+% as shown. The 6rints shoul! 2e 6lace! face u6 on the cloth% an! the fra+e set near a win!ow. If the stretcher is +a!e in

.loth on the *ra+e this way% the air can enter fro+ 2oth to6 an! 2otto+% an! the 6rints will !ry ra6i!ly. Se<eral of these fra+es can 2e stac e! an! a large nu+2er of 6rints thus !rie! at the sa+e ti+e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (n!rew 9. Thorne% 0ouis<ille% Fy. A Te!)o* *< F4""el %+75' The a+ateur 6hotogra6her often has so+e solution which he !esires to 6ut into a 2ottle which his glass funnel will not fit% says the 7hotogra6hic Ti+es. The funnel +a!e 2y rolling u6 a 6iece of 6a6er usually allows half of the solution to run !own the outsi!e of the 2ottle% there2y causing the a+ateur to 2e !u22e! a N+usser%N ( 2etter way is to ta e an or!inary en<elo6e an! cut it off as shown 2y the !otte! lines. Then cli6 a little off the

7a6er *unnel 6oint% o6en out% an! you ha<e a funnel that will not gi<e any trou2le. It is chea6 an! you can affor! to throw it away when !irty% there2y sa<ing ti+e an! washing. A" Ele(t*$( E"#$"e %+76' The 6arts of this engine are su66orte! on a 2ase 'GI in. thic % 4 in. wi!e an! 7 in. long. The u6right B% *ig. 1%

Shaft Turne! 2y Magnetis+ which is 1G$ in. thic an! ' in. high% is secure! across the 2ase a2out one=thir! of the !istance fro+ one en! an! fastene! with a woo! screw 6ut through fro+ the un!er si!e. The +agnet core . is +a!e of a carriage 2olt% $=1G$ in. long% which is fastene! in a hole in the to6 6art of the u6right B so that the en! . will 6rotru!e slightly. Before 6lacing the 2olt in the hole of the u6right% sli6 on two car!2oar! washers% each 1 in. in !ia+eter% one at the hea! en! an! the other against the u6right B. Era6 a thin 6iece of 6a6er aroun! the 2olt 2etween the washers an! win! the s6ace full of /o. $$ gauge +agnet wire% allowing each en! to 6ro8ect for connections. The !ri<ing ar+ D% *igs. 1 an! '% is +a!e of a 6iece of soft sheet iron% 1G$ in. wi!e an! ' in. long. ( s+all 2loc is fastene! to the lower en! of the +etal an! 6i<ote! 2etween two u6rights% 1G$ in. high% which are fastene! to the 2ase. The u6rights on each si!e of the 2loc are 2etter shown in *ig. '. Two su66orts% each 1G$ in. thic an! ' in. high% are fastene! with screws a2out half way 2etween the en! of the 2ase an! the u6right B% *ig. 1. The en! <iew of these su66orts is shown in *ig. $% at 99. ( 1G8=in. hole is 2ore! through the to6 6art of each su66ort so they will 2e in a line for the a5le. The a5le is +a!e of a 6iece of steel 1G8 in. in !ia+eter an! a2out I in. long. (n offset is 2ent in the center% as shown% for the cran . ( s+all flywheel is attache! to one en! of the shaft. The connecting ro! #% *ig. 1% is +a!e of woo! an! fastene! to the u66er en! of the !ri<ing ar+ D with a s+all screw or nail. The contact * is +a!e of a stri6 of co66er% 1I in. wi!e. This is to o6en an! close the circuit when the engine is running. The connections are +a!e as shown in *ig. 1. .onnect two !ry cells to the 2in!ing=6osts an! turn the flywheel. The current 6assing through the +agnet 6ulls the !ri<ing ar+ towar! the 2olt hea!% which gi<es the shaft a half turn. The turning of the shaft 6ulls the ar+ away fro+ the co66er 6iece *% causing a 2rea in the current. (s the shaft re<ol<es% the ar+ is again 2rought 2ac against the co66er stri6 *% thus the current is 2ro en an! a66lie! at each re<olution of the shaft. == .ontri2ute! 2y S. E. Herron% 0e Mars% Iowa. C8$ld;- Ho!e7M de S3$"# Se t %+76' ( <ery useful swing or seat for chil!ren can 2e +a!e fro+ a 2o5 or 6ac ing case. 7rocure a 2o5 of the right siBe an! saw it out in the sha6e shown in the illustration. The a6ron or 2oar! in front sli!es on the two front ro6es. The 2oar! can 2e raise! to 6lace

the

Ma!e of a Bo5 chil! in the 2o5 an! to re+o<e hi+. The ro6es are fastene! to the 2o5 2y tying nots in their en!s an! !ri<ing sta6les o<er the+. Cl < Flo3e* Pot- U-ed 0o* B$*d Ho4-e- %+77' ( no<el use of the co++on gar!en flower 6ot +ay 2e +a!e 2y enlarging the s+all o6ening at the 2otto+ with a 6air of 6liers% an! carefully 2rea ing the clay away until the o6ening is large enough to a!+it a s+all 2ir!. 7lace the 6ot% 2otto+ si!e u6% on a 2oar!% ' in. wi!er than the !ia+eter of the largest 6ot use!% an! fasten it to the 2oar! with woo! cleats an! 2rass screws. *it the cleats as close as 6ossi2le to the si!es of the 6ot. ,ne or +ore 6ots +ay 2e use!% as shown in the s etch. The 2oar! on which the 6ots are fastene! is naile! or screwe! to a 6ost or 6ole 10 or 1$ ft. in height. The 2oar! is 2race! with lath or si+ilar stri6s of woo!% +a ing a fra+ewor suita2le for a roost. In !esigning the roost% the lath can 2e arrange! to +a e it Juite attracti<e% or the 2races +ay 2e of twigs an! 2ranches of a tree to +a e a rustic effect. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Eillia+ *. Stecher% Dorchester% Mass.

7ots *astene! to the Boar! Lo( t$o" o0 G - Mete* %+77'

The gas +eter shoul! not 2e locate! in a war+ 6lace or the gas will e56an! 2efore the +eter +easures it an! the gas 2ill will 2e 6ro6ortionately increase!. 9as e56an!s 2y a2out 1GI&1 6art of its <olu+e for each !eg. *. that it is heate!. If the +eter is war+e! 10 !eg. *.% it will +a e the gas cost o<er $ 6er cent +ore% without any corre= s6on!ing 2enefit. Ho3 to M ,e Ro)e G*$ll- %+77' Beautiful an! useful househol! orna+ents% grills an! gratings for !oors% win!ows% shel<es% o!! corners% etc.% can 2e +a!e 2y the following +etho! at a slight cost an! 2y anyone 6ossessing a little ingenuity. The +aterials reJuire! are ro6e or% 6refera2ly% co++on win!ow cor! :calle! sash cor!; a2out LG1) in. in !ia+eterH or!inary glue% 6araffin an! 6aint or <arnish. ( few stri6s of woo! or +ol!ing are <ery han!y to use aroun! the e!ges. The !esign +ust 2e consi!ere! first an! when one is selecte!% if it is other than straight lines% a!o6t the +etho! !escri2e!. Ta e a s+ooth flat 2oar! an! layout the !esign or !esigns which% when co+2ine!% will 6ro!uce the 6attern !esire!. Dri<e finishing nails at the angle 6oints or along cur<es as reJuire!. .oat the 2oar! along the lines of the 6atterns with +elte! 6araffin% using an or!inary 6ainterCs 2rush to 6re<ent the ro6es fro+ stic ing to the 2oar!s after they are soa e! in glue an! run aroun! the nails. Soa the sash cor! in co++on glue siBing for a short ti+e% then 2en! or twist it along or aroun! the lines !esire!% as shown in *ig. 1% an! gi<e it ti+e to !ry. The 2otto+ 6art of the s etch% *ig. 1% shows a +etho! of win!ing the ro6e on a roun! stic to +a e circular o28ects. Ein! the

*ig. $=Designs for 9rills !esire! nu+2er of turns an! when !ry% cut an! glue the+ together.

*ig. I=Metho! of *or+ing the Do6e In *ig. $% si5 !esigns are shown. These suggest i!eas in +a ing u6 co+2inations or in 6lain figures an! the nu+2er is li+ite! only 2y the ingenuity of the !esigner. == .ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. M. Harrer% 0oc 6ort% /. -. A S$!)le "d E00e(t$1e F$lte* %+78'

7rocure an or!inary la+6 chi+ney an! fit two or three thic nesses of cheese cloth o<er the en! of it. 7ress a tuft of a2sor2ent cotton into the s+all 6art of the nec to a !e6th of a2out ' in. Insert the chi+ney in a hole cut in a woo! shelf use! as a su66ort. 7our the water in until the filter is fille!% when it will 2e o2ser<e! that any organic +atter% chi6s of iron rust% etc.% will 2e retaine! 2y the cotton. The fine organic +atter +ay 6enetrate the cotton for a2out 1 in.% 2ut no farther. The resultant filtere! water will 2e clear an! 6ure.

C4tt$"# Tool- %+78' The cutting 6oint of a tool shoul! ne<er 2e 2elow the centers. I!$t t$o" A*!- "d A*!o*7P *t VI %+7:' ( +ass of any in! of clay that is easily +o!ele! an! fairly stiff +ust 2e 6re6are! an! e6t +oist an! well nea!e! for +a ing the +o!els o<er which 6a6er is for+e! to +a e the sha6e of the articles illustrate! in these s etches. ( +o!eling 2oar! +ust 2e +a!e of one large 2oar! or se<eral 6ieces 8oine! closely together u6on which to wor the clay% says the #nglish Mechanic% 0on!on. The siBe of the 2oar! !e6en!s u6on the siBe of the wor to 2e +a!e.

(r+or an! .lay Mo!els (n o6en cha+fron of the fifteenth century is shown in *ig. 1. This 6iece of horse ar+or% which was use! in front of a horseCs hea!% +a es a s6len!i! center for a shiel! on which are fi5e! the swor!s% etc.% an! is a goo! 6iece for the a+ateur ar+orer to try his han! on in the way of +o!eling in clay or 6a6ier +ache wor . The o6ening for the ani+al to 6ut his hea! into is se+icircular% an! the si!es !o not co<er the 8aws. (s the

+ain 6art of this ar+or is worn in front of the hea! the e5tre+e !e6th is a2out I in. The entire hea! 6iece +ust 2e +o!ele! in clay with the han!s% after which it is co<ere! with a thin an! e<en coating of sweet or 6ure oli<e oil. ( !ay 2efore +a ing the clay +o!el so+e 6ieces of thin% 2rown wra66ing 6a6er are torn in irregular sha6es to the% siBe of the 6al+ of the han! an! 6ut to soa in a 2asin of water in which a ta2les6oonful of siBe has 2een !issol<e!. If siBe cannot 2e o2taine! fro+ your local 6ainter% a wea solution of glue will !o eJually well. (ll 2eing rea!y% an! the clay +o!el oile!% ta e u6 one 6iece of 6a6er at a ti+e an! <ery carefully 6lace it on the surface of the +o!el% 6ressing it on well an! into an! aroun! any cre<ices an! 6atterns. .ontinue this o6eration until the clay +o!el is co+6letely co<ere! on e<ery 6art. This 2eing !one% gi<e the 6a6er a thin an! e<en coating of glue% which +ust 2e Juite hot an! lai! on as Juic ly as 6ossi2le. 0ay on a secon! layer of 6a6er as carefully as 2efore% then another coat of glue% an! so on until there are fi<e or si5 coats of glue an! 6a6er. Ehen this is !ry it will 2e strong enough for all orna+ental 6ur6oses. The ragge! e!ges of the 6a6er are tri++e! off with a shar6 nife an! the whole surface s+oothe! with fine san!6a6er. Then carefully glue on sections of tinfoil to gi<e the ar+or the a66earance of steel. The ar+or is now re+o<e! fro+ the +o!el. ( +itten gauntlet of the fifteenth century is shown in *ig. $. This can 2e +a!e in one 6iece% with the e5ce6tion of the thu+2 shiel!% which is se6arate. The thu+2 shiel! is at= tache! to the thu+2 of an ol! glo<e which is fastene! with roun! hea!e! nails on the insi!e of the gauntlet.

.orrugate! Breast6late an! *or+er The 6art co<ering the wrist is a circular 6iece% 2ut the 2ac is not necessary% as it woul! not 2e seen when the gauntlet is hanging in its 6lace. In *ig. ' is shown a gauntlet of the se<enteenth century with se6arately articulate! fingers. This gauntlet +ay 2e +ol!e! in one 6iece% e5ce6t the thu+2 an! fingers% which +ust 2e +a!e se6arately an! fastene! with the thu+2 shiel! to the leather glo<e that is attache! to the insi!e of the gauntlet% the sa+e as in *ig. $. ( 2reast6late an! tassets of the si5teenth century are shown in *ig. I. The tassets are se6arate an! attache! to the front 6late with stra6s an! 2uc les% as shown in the s etch. There is a 2elt aroun! the waist which hel6s to hol! the 2ac 6late on. (ttache! to the 2ac of the 6late woul! 2e two short stra6s at the shoul!er. These are 6asse! through the 2uc les shown at the to6 right an! left=han! corners of the front 6late. *or !ecorati<e 6ur6oses the 2ac 6late nee! not 2e +a!e% an! therefore it is not !escri2e!. The +etho! of +a ing ar+or is the sa+e as of +a ing hel+ets% 2ut as larger 6ieces are for+e! it is well to use less clay owing to the 2ul an! weight. (n arrange+ent is shown in *ig. L to re!uce the a+ount of clay use!. This triangular= sha6e! su66ort% which can 2e +a!e in any siBe% is 6lace! on the +o!eling 2oar! or 2ench an! co<ere! with clay. This will +a e the +o!el light an! easy to +o<e aroun!% an! will reJuire less clay. It is not necessary to ha<e s+ooth 2oar!sH the rougher the 2etter% as the surface will hol! the clay. The clay for+s +o!ele! u6 rea!y to recei<e the 6atches of 2rown 6a6er on the surface are shown in *igs. ) an! 7. ( 9er+an flute! ar+or use! at the 2eginning of the si5teenth century is shown in *ig. 8. The 2reast6late an! tassets of this ar+or are su66ose! to 2e in one 6iece% 2ut for

con<enience in +a ing it will 2e foun! 2est to +a e the+ se6arately an! then glue the+ together after they are ta en fro+ the +o!el. ( narrow leather 2elt 6lace! aroun! the ar+or will co<er the 8oint. *lute! ar+or ta es its na+e fro+ a series of corrugate! groo<es% 1G$ in. in !e6th% running !own the 6late. ( 6iece of 2oar!% cut into the sha6e shown in *ig. &% will 2e <ery useful for +ar ing out the flute! lines. Ho!e7M de H "d V$-e %+80' ( <ise for hol!ing s+all articles while filing can 2e +a!e as shown in the illustration. The <ise consists of three 6ieces of woo!% two for the 8aws an! one a we!ge. The hinge for connecting the two 8aws is +a!e of four s+all screw eyes% two in each 8aw. Ehen locating the 6lace for the screw eyes% 6lace the two in one 8aw so they will fit 2etween the two of the other 8aw. 7ut a nail through the eyes when the 8aws are +atche! together an! they are rea!y for the we!ge in cla+6ing the article to 2e file!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John 9. Bu5ton% De!on!o Beach% .alif.

Dete(to* 0o* Sl$#8t Ele(t*$( l C8 *#e- %+8&' ( thin glass 2ottle is thoroughly cleane! an! fitte! with a ru22er sto66er. ( hole is +a!e through the center of the sto66er large enough to a!+it a s+all 2rass ro!. The length of this ro! will 2e go<erne! 2y the sha6e of the 2ottle% 2ut '=1G$ in. will 2e a2out right. The 2otto+ of the ro! is 2ent an! two 6ieces of alu+inu+ foil% each a2out 1GI in. wi!e an! 1G$ in. long% are glue! to it. The two 6ieces of foil% fastene! to the ro!% are 2etter shown in *ig. $. *asten a 6olishe! 2rass 2all to% the to6 of the ro!% an! the instru+ent is rea!y for use. 7lace the article which you wish to test near the 2all% an! if it hol!s a

(lu+inu+ *oil in a Bottle slight electrical charge% the two 6ieces of foil will !raw together. If it !oes not hol! a charge% the foils will not +o<e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Dal6h 0. 0a Due% 9oshen% /. -.

F$-8$"# t8*o4#8 I(e 3$t8

T$)7U) %+8&'

The ti6=u6% use! for signaling the fisher+an when a fish is caught% is +a!e of a 1GI=in. 6ine 2oar!% a2out 1L in. long% $=1G$ in. wi!e at one en! an! narrowing !own to a2out 1 in at the other. (t a 6oint ) in. fro+ the s+aller en!% the 2oar! shoul! 2e cut slightly wi!er an! a 1G$=in. hole 2ore! through it. Two or three wra66ings of fine co66er wire +ay 2e woun! aroun! the 2oar! on each si!e of the hole to gi<e a!!e! strength. Both en!s of the 2oar! shoul! 2e notche! !ee6ly. ( long gash is cut in the ice an! then a roun! hole is +a!e with a chisel% as this will cut un!er the water without s6lashing. The chi66e! ice can 2e re+o<e! with a 6ail. ( ro! or roun! stic of woo! is 6asse! through the hole in the ti6=u6 an! 6lace! across the roun! hole% as shown in the illustration.

Ti6=16 in 7lace The fishhoo is 2aite! in the usual way an! hung on a line fro+ the short en! of the ti6=u6. Ehen a fish is hoo e!% the other en! will ti6 u6 an! signal the fisher+an. (ny nu+2er of holes can 2e cut in the ice an! a ti6=u6 use! in each% thus ena2ling one 6erson to ta e care of as +any lines. Ho!e7M de C "dle Holde* %+8&' The can!lestic or hol!er shown in the illustration is +a!e of an or!inary tin can% such as is use! for canning sal+on or 6otte! ha+. Three triangular cuts are +a!e in the co<er or 2otto+ of the can an! the 6oints turne! u6 a2out the can !ie. The can +ay 2e 2ronBe!% sil<ere!% ena+ele! or otherwise !ecorate!% thus +a ing it orna+ental as well as useful. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Mrs. (. M. Bryan% .orsicana% Te5as. Ho3 to M ,e M t(8 Holde* o0 Wood "d Met l %+8+'

( <ery si+6le 6iece of art craft wor is easily +a!e% as follows4 Secure a 6iece of 6a6er an! u6on it !raw the outline an! !esign% as in!icate! in the

Match Hol!er acco+6anying s etch. The siBe +ay 2e +a!e to suit the taste of the wor er. ( goo! siBe is L in. wi!e 2y ) in. long o<er all. The +etal hol!er shoul! 2e 6ro6ortione! to this siBe% as shown. Ha<ing co+6lete! the !rawing% ta e a 6iece of thin woo!% 'G8 or 1GI in. thic % an! trace u6on it the !esign an! outline% using a 6iece of car2on 6a6er. ( cou6le of thu+2 tac s shoul! 2e use! to fasten the 6a6er an! !esign in 6lace. 7ut the tac s in the lines of the !esign so that the holes will not show in the finishe! 6iece. (ny in! of woo! will !o. Basswoo! or 2utternut% or e<en 6ine% will !o as well as the +ore e56ensi<e woo!s. /e5t 6re6are the +etal hol!er. This +ay 2e +a!e of 2rass or co66er an! nee! not 2e of <ery hea<y gauge=/o. $$ is 6lenty hea<y enough. The easiest way to get the sha6e of the +etal is to +a e a 6a6er 6attern of the !e<elo6+ent. The illustration shows how this will loo an! the siBe of the 6arts for the 2ac !i+ensione! a2o<e. Trace this sha6e on the +etal with the car2on 6a6er an! cut it out 2y +eans of +etal shears. 7olish the +etal% using 6ow!ere! 6u+ice an! lye% then with a nail% 6unch the holes% through which s+all roun!=hea! 2rass screws are to 2e 6lace! to hol! the +etal to the woo! 2ac . .arefully 2en! the +etal to sha6e 2y 6lacing it on the e!ge of a 2oar! an! 6utting another 2oar! on to6 an! o<er the lower e!ge so as to ee6 the 2en!ing true. The woo! 2ac +ay 2e treate! in Juite a <ariety of ways. If soft woo!% such as 2asswoo! or 6ine was use!% it +ay 2e treate! 2y 2urning with the 6yrogra6hy outfit. If no outfit is at han! a <ery satisfactory way is to ta e a nife an! cut a <ery s+all V= sha6e! groo<e aroun! the !esign an! 2or!er so as to ee6 the colors fro+ Nrunning.N /e5t stain the lea<es of the con<entional 6lant with a little green woo! !ye an! with another !ye stain the 6etals of the flower re!. Malachite an! +ahogany are the colors to use. Du2 a coat of weathere! oil stain o<er the whole 2ac an! wi6e !ry with a cloth. The green an! re! are 2ar2arously 2rilliant when first 6ut on% 2ut 2y co<ering the+ at the sa+e ti+e the 2ac groun! is colore! 2rown% they are Ngreye!N in a +ost 6leasing +anner. Ehen it has !rie! o<er night% 6ut a coat or two of wa5 an! 6olish

o<er the woo! as the !irections on the can suggest. The +etal hol!er +ay ne5t 2e fastene! in 6lace. If one has so+e insight in car<ing% the 2ac groun! +ight 2e lowere! an! the 6lant +o!ele!% the whole 2eing finishe! in linsee! oil. If car<ing is conte+6late!% har! woo!s such as cherry or +ahogany shoul! 2e use!. P*ote(t$"# t8e F$"#e*- 0*o! C8e!$( l- %+8/' The finger nails an! fingers +ay 2e easily 6rotecte! fro+ stains of che+icals 2y coating the+ with a wa5 +a!e u6 as follows4 Melt white wa5 in the sa+e +anner as +elting glue. This +ay 2e !one 2y cutting the wa5 into s+all 6ieces% 6lacing the+ in a <essel an! setting the <essel in 2oiling water. To each ounce of +elte! wa5 thor= oughly stir in 1 !r. of 6ure oli<e oil. The fingers shoul! 2e !i66e! into the wa5 while it is in a liJui! state. This will for+ a coating that will 6er+it the free use of the fingers% yet 6rotects the s in fro+ the che+icals. It is useful for 6hotogra6hers. Co!.$"ed T4*"$"# R$"#- "d S3$"#- %+8/' This tra6eBe% with rings for the large 2oys an! a swing for the s+aller ones% can 2e +a!e on the sa+e stan!ar!s. Instea! of the usual two short ro6es% tie! an! 2olte! through the to6 crossti+2er 2ore two holes large enough for the ro6es to 6ass through easily. 7ass the ro6e along the cross6iece an! !own the 6ost an! tie it to cleats naile! at a height that can 2e easily reache!. (t the en!s of the cross6iece !ri<e two nails% allowing the+ to 6ro8ect 1 or $ in. This will ee6 the ro6e fro+ sli66ing off when the rings an! swing are raise! an! lowere!. (ll shar6 e!ges shoul! 2e san!6a6ere! to 6re<ent

Dings an! Swing the ro6e fro+ 2eing cut. ( 2oar! with notches cut in the en!s will +a e a goo! swing 2oar! which can 2e re+o<e! instantly. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. (. JaJuythe% Dich+on!% .al. Ho!e! de Tele#* )8 >e< %+8/'

Fey an! .onnections ( 6iece of woo!% 1G$ in. thic % $ in. wi!e an! L in. long% is use! for the 2ase of this instru+ent. Two wire nails% each 1 in. long% are use! for the cores of the +agnets.

#ach nail is woun! with three or four layers of fine insulate! +agnet wire% a2out /o. $L gauge% si+ilar to that use! in electric 2ells% lea<ing a2out 1GI in. of the en! 2are so that they +ay 2e !ri<en into the woo! 2ase. The connections for the coils are shown in the s etch% at (. (2out 1 in. 2ehin! the coils is fastene! a s+all 2loc of woo!% the to6 of which is 8ust e<en with the to6 of the nails in the coils. ( 6iece of tin% cut in the sha6e of the letter T% is fastene! with two screws to the to6 of this 2loc % an! the en! 2ent slightly so as to clear the to6 of the nails a2out 1G'$ in. The ey le<er is cut fro+ a thin 6iece of woo!% in the sha6e shown in the s etch% an! 6i<ote! in a slotte! 2loc which is use! as a 2ase for the ey. ( 6iece of 2are co66er wire is fastene! along the un!er si!e of the ey% as shown 2y the !otte! lines. ( ru22er 2an!% 6assing o<er the en! of the ey an! attache! to the 2ase with a tac % acts as a s6ring to ee6 the ey o6en. ( s+all 6iece of tin is fastene! to the 2ase un!er the no2 of the ey. This is for +a ing the contact 2etween the co66er on the ey an! the wires fro+ the coils% when the ey is 6ushe! !own. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. H. 0ynas. P*ote(t$"# Slee1e- %+8/' Bicycle trousers=guar!s +a e e5cellent slee<e 2an!s when the cuffs are turne! 2ac an! rolle! a2o<e the el2ows. I!$t t$o" A*!- "d A*!o*7P *t VII %+82' The hel+ets% 2reast6lates an! gauntlets !escri2e! in 6arts V an! VI can 2e use! in +a ing u6 a co+6lete +o!el for a full suit of ar+or of any siBe% as shown in *ig. 1. (ll of the 6arts for the ar+or ha<e 2een !escri2e!% e5ce6t that for the legs. *igure $ shows how the ar+or is +o!ele! on the si!e of the left leg. The clay is +o!ele! as !escri2e! in 6re<ious cha6ters% the 6a6er co<ering 6ut on% an! the tinfoil a66lie! in i+itation of steel. The chain +ail seen 2etween an! 2ehin! the tassets is +a!e 2y sewing s+all steel rings on a 6iece of cloth as shown in *ig. '. These rings +ay 2e 6urchase! at a har!ware store or harness sho6. The whole figure when co+6lete! is 6lace! on a sJuare 2o5 co<ere! with re! or green 2aiBe. The ar+or shoul! 2e su66orte! 2y a light fra+e of woo! 2uilt u6 on the insi!e% says the #nglish Mechanic% 0on!on. Two <ertical 6ieces are fir+ly attache! to the 2o5 so they will e5ten! u6 insi!e the legs% an! at the to6 of the+ is attache! a cross6iece on which is 6lace! a <ertical stic high enough to carry the hel+et. The two lower 6ieces +ust 2e 2uilt u6 an! 6a!!e! out with straw% then co<ere! with re!. cloth or 2aiBe to re6resent the legs.

*ull Suit of (r+or In +a ing u6 the <arious 6ieces for a full +o!el it will 2e foun! <ery con<enient to use ro6e% a stout cor! or strings in +a ing u6 the 6atterns on the 6arts. Instea! of using 2rass hea!e! nails% 2rass 6a6er fasteners will 2e foun! useful. These can 2e 6urchase! at a stationery store. Secure the in! ha<ing a roun! 2rass hea! fro+ which hang two 2rass tongues. These are 6ushe! through a hole an! s6rea! out flat on the o66osite si!e. ,ther +aterials can 2e use! in the 6lace of tinfoil to re6resent steel. Sil<er 6a6er will !o <ery well% 2ut if either the tinfoil or sil<er 6a6er are foun! !ifficult to +ani6ulate% go o<er the ar+or with a coat of sil<er 6aint 6ut on with a 2rush. Ehen !ry gi<e the surface a coat of <arnish. A Ho!e7M de T*$)od Holde* %+82' (n ine56ensi<e tri6o! hol!er% one that will 6re<ent the tri6o! fro+ sli66ing on a s+ooth floor% an! 6re<ent the 6oints fro+ !oing !a+age to the 6olishe! surface or 6uncturing an e56ensi<e rug or car6et% can 2e +a!e in a few +inutesC ti+e% says .a+era .raft. Secure two stri6s of woo!% or or!inary 6laster laths will !o% an! 6lane the+ !own to a thic ness of 'G1) in.% for the sa e of lightness. .ut the+ to a length or I0 in. an! roun! off the en!s to i+6ro<e their a66earance. Ta e the 6iece shown in *ig. 1 an! !rill a 1GI= in. hole in the center% an! eight s+all holes% 1 in. a6art% at each en!. In one en! of the 6iece% *ig. $% +a e the sa+e series of eight s+all holes an!% in the other en!% !rill si5 1GI=in. holes% ' in. a6art. ( 1GI=in. flat hea!e! carriage 2olt% a2out 1 in. long% co+6letes the eJui6+ent. The two 6ieces are 2olte! together% not too tight% an! the 6oints of the tri6o! legs inserte! in their res6ecti<e s+all holes. So set u6% there is a2solutely no !anger of one of the legs sli66ing out of 6osition. By +o<ing the 6osition of the 2olt fro+% one to another

of the larger holes in the stri6% *ig. $% al+ost any !esire! inclination of the ca+era can 2e secure!. The sa+e sort of si+6le a66aratus 2uilt slightly stronger% an! with a s+all caster un!er each of the three series of s+all holes% +a es an

The Tri6o! .annot Sli6 e5cellent tri6o! cla+6 for use when the ca+era has to 2e shifte! a2out% as in 6ortraiture an! the li e. Ho3 to We 1e S8oe-t*$"# W t(8 Fo. %+85'

Ha<ing 6rocure! a 6air of or!inary shoestrings% ta e 2oth en!s of one of the+ an! force the en!s through the +i!!le of the other% lea<ing a loo6 1=1G$ in. long% as shown in *ig. $. In this s etch% ( is the first string an! B is the secon!% !ou2le! an! run through the we2 of (. Ta e hol! of the loo6 an! turn it as shown in *ig. $% allowing the four en!s to hang in four !irections. Start with one en!% the one +ar e! (% in *ig. 1% for instance% an! lay it o<er the one to the right. Then ta e B an! lay it o<er (% an! the one 2eneath .H lay .o<er B an! the one un!er D% an! then lay D o<er . an! stic the en! un!er (. Then !raw all four en!s u6 snugly. .o++ence the ne5t layer 2y laying the en! ( 2ac o<er B an! DH D o<er ( an! .H . o<er D an! B% then B o<er . an! the en! stuc un!er (. 7rocee! in the sa+e +anner an! ee6 on until a2out 1=1G$ in. of the en!s re+ain unwo<en. *our 6ins stuc through each corner an! into the layers will hol! the en!s fro+ co+ing a6art. The en!s of the strings are ra<ele! out so as to +a e a tassel. This will +a e a sJuare fo2 which will a66ear as shown in *ig. I. ( roun! fo2 is +a!e in a si+ilar way% ta ing the sa+e start as for the sJuare fo2% 2ut instea! of re<ersing

*o2s Ma!e fro+ Shoestrings the en!s of each alternate layer% always la6 one string% as at ( in *ig. '. o<er the one to its right% as B% sli66ing the last en! of the four strings un!er an! tightening all% as in +a ing the sJuare fo2. *asten the en!s with 6ins an! ra<el out for a tassel. The roun! fo2 is shown in *ig. L. ( fo2 in the sha6e of a horseshoe can 2e +a!e 2y ta ing four shoestrings an! tying a s+all string aroun! the +i!!le of the+% then wea<ing the layers 2oth ways fro+ the 6oint where the strings are tie!. ( loo6% 1=1G$ in. long% is left out at the center 2efore starting on one si!e. The loo6 is for attaching the fo2 to the watch. (fter the wea<ing is co+6lete an! the tassel en!s +a!e% a s+all stiff wire is force! through the center to for+ the sha6e of a horseshoe. ,ther !esigns can 2e +a!e in the sa+e +anner. Strings of !ifferent colors will +a e u6 a <ery 6retty fo2% es6ecially if sil strings are use!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John 7. Du66% Monroe<ille% ,hio. Ho3 to M ,e T .le M t o0 Le t8e* %+86'

The ta2le +at% the !esign of which is shown herewith% is to 2e +a!e of leather. It +ay 2e +a!e of Dussian calf an! the 2ac groun! +o!ele! !own

7attern for the Ta2le Mat as has 2een !escri2e! in se<eral 6re<ious articles !ealing with leather wor . To !o this the leather is +oistene! on the 2ac si!e 8ust enough to +a e the leather ta e the i+6ression of the tool% 2ut not enough to +a e the +oisture show through on the face. (ny s+ooth 6iece of steel% such as a nut 6ic % that will not cut or scratch the leather an! will +a e a V=sha6e! !e6ression will !o. ( secon! +etho! is to secure a 6iece of shee6s in an!% using the re<erse si!e% outline the !esign 2y +eans of a 6yrogra6herCs outfit. This +anner of treating leather is so co++on that it nee!s no !escri6tion. ( thir! +etho! is to secure a 6iece of shee6 or goat s in% trace the !esign on the re<erse si!e 2y +eans of car2on 6a6er% an! 6ut the outline an! !esign in with 2rush an! stains such as are sol! for this 6ur6ose. The acco+6anying 6attern shows 2ut one=fourth of the +at. Draw the one=fourth on 6a6er to the siBe !esire! an! then fol! on lines ( an! B% tracing this one=fourth on the other 6arts 2y the insertion of !ou2le=surface! car2on 6a6er. ,n the calfs in the 6attern is to 2e hel! on the leather an! the tool wor e! o<er the 6attern to get the outline transferre!. (fter this the 6attern is to 2e re+o<e! an! the leather +o!ele!. S d I*o" Pol$-8e* %+86' ( s+all a+ount of wa5 is necessary on an iron for successful wor . The wa5 is usually a66lie! 2y han! to the heate! surface of the iron. ( +uch 2etter an! han!ier way is to 2ore fi<e or si5 holes in one en! of the ironing 2oar! to a !e6th of half its thic ness% filling the+ with wa5% 2eeswa5 or 6araffin% an! co<ering the+ o<er with two thic nesses of +uslin.

The ru22ing of the hot iron o<er this cloth a2sor2s 8ust enough of the wa5 to +a e the iron wor s+oothly. Ehen the su66ly of wa5 is e5hauste!% it can 2e easily renewe!. == .ontri2ute! 2y (. (. Houghton% /orth<ille% Mich. M ,$"# Co$"- St$(, to Wood .< V (44! %+87' Ta e a Juarter an! 6lace it flat against a <ertical surface of woo! such

as the si!e of a 2oo case% !oor facing or !oor 6anel% an! stri e it har! with a !ownwar! sli!ing +otion% 6ressing it against the woo!. Ta e the han! away an! the coin will re+ain on the woo!wor . The stri ing an! 6ressure e56el the air 2etween the Juarter an! the woo!% thus for+ing a <acuu+ sufficient to hol! the coin.

S$!)le "d S 0e Met8od 0o* Se"d$"# Co$"- .< M $l %+87' Sen!ing coins 2y +ail is not as a rule a!<isa2le% 2ut so+eti+es it

How the 7a6er is *ol!e! 2eco+es necessary% an! usually a regular coin +ailer is not a<aila2le. ( <ery si+6le an! secure way to wra6 a coin or coins for +ailing is as follows4 7rocure a 6iece of hea<y 6a6er% nearly as wi!e as the en<elo6e is long% an! a2out 1$ in. long. *ol! on the !otte! lines shown 2y ( an! B in the s etch% an! sli6 the coin in the 6oc et thus for+e!. *ol! together on lines .% D% # an! *% +a ing the last two fol!s wi!e enough to fit snugly in the en<elo6e. This +etho! hol!s the coin in the center of the en<elo6e where it cannot wor aroun! an! cut through the e!ges. ==.ontri2ute! 2y ,. J. Tho+6son% 7eters2urg% Ill. Mo4"t$"# P8oto#* )8- $" Pl -te* Pl =4e- %+87' 7urchase a few 6oun!s of 6laster of 6aris fro+ your local !ruggist an! select a !ish of the !esire! sha6e in which to +a e your cast. The siBe of the !ish will !e6en! on the siBe of the 6rint to 2e +ounte!. Select the 6rint you wish to +ount% those on +atte 6a6er will wor 2est% an! after wetting% 6lace it face !own in the !ish% 6ress into 6lace an! re+o<e all !ro6s of water with a soft cloth. Be sure an! ha<e the 6rint in the center of the !ish. #arthen !ishes will 2e foun! +ore con<enient% although tin ones can 2e use! with goo! success% says 7hotogra6hic Ti+es. Mi5 sa+e of the 6laster in clear water so it will 2e a little thic . #nough 6laster shoul!. 2e +i5e! to co<er the 2otto+ of the !ish a2out 1G$ in. thic . 7our the 6laster into the !ish o<er the 6rint an! allow to stan! until it 2eco+es Juite har!. The cast can then 2e re+o<e! an! the 6rint shoul! 2e fast to it. If the 6rint or 6laster is incline! to stic % ta e a nife an! gently 6ry aroun! the e!ges an! it can 2e re+o<e! without 2rea ing. 7rints of any siBe +ay 2e use! 2y ha<ing the +ol! or !ish large enough to lea<e a goo! +argin. This is a <ery i+6ortant 6oint as it is the +argin that a!!s richness to all 6rints. 7latinu+ or 2lue6rint 6a6ers wor well% 2ut any in! that will not stic +ay 2e use!. (fter the 6laster has thoroughly !rie!% any tint +ay 2e wor e! on the +argin 2y the use of water colorsH if 2lue6rints are use!% it is 2est to lea<e a 6lain white +argin. I*o" Re-t 0o* " I*o"$"# Bo *d %+88' ( flatiron rest can 2e +a!e on an ironing=2oar! 2y !ri<ing a nu+2er of large tac s into one en! of the 2oar!. The tac s shoul! 2e a2out 1 in. a6art an! !ri<en in only 6art way% lea<ing a2out 1GI in. re+aining a2o<e the surface of the 2oar!. The hot iron will not 2urn the woo! an! it cannot sli6 off the tac s. This iron rest is always with the 2oar! an! rea!y when wante!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Beatrice ,li<er% /ew -or % /. -.

I"-t "t "eo4- C*<-t ll$A t$o" %+88' Dissol<e 1L0 6arts of hy6osul6hite of so!a in 1L 6arts of water an! 6our the solution slowly into a test tu2e which has 2een war+e! in 2oiling water% filling the sa+e a2out one= half full. Dissol<e in another glass 100 6arts of acetate of so!a in 1L 6arts of 2oiling water. 7our this solution slowly on to6 of the first in such a way that it for+s an u66er layer% with= out +i5ing the solutions. The two solutions are then co<ere! o<er with a thin layer of 2oil= ing water an! allowe! to cool. 0ower into the test tu2e a wire% at

the e5tre+ity of which is fi5e! a s+all crystal of hy6osul6hite of so!a. The crystal tra<erses the solution of acetate without causing trou2le% 2ut crystalliBation will i++e!iately set in as soon as it touches the lower hy6osul6hite of so!a solution% as shown at the left in the s etch. Ehen the hy6osul6hite of so!a solution 2eco+es crystalliBe!% lower in the u66er solution a crystal of acetate of so!a sus6en!e! 2y another wire% as shown in the right of the s etch% an! this will crystalliBe the sa+e as the other solution. De(olo* t$o" o0 Flo3e*- .< F4!e- o0 S4l)84* %+88' Dissol<e so+e sul6hur in a s+all !ish which will infla+e 2y contact with air thus for+ing sul6huric aci! fu+es. .o<er the !ish with a conical chi+ney +a!e of tin an! e56ose to the u66er o6ening the flowers that are to 2e !ecolore!. The action is <ery ra6i! an! in a short ti+e +yrtle% <iolets% 2ell flowers% roses% etc.% will 2e ren!ere! 6erfectly white.

Ho3 to P*e-e*1e E## S8ell- %+88' Many naturalists e56erience !ifficulty in 6reser<ing <alua2le egg shells. ,ne of the

+ost effecti<e ways of 6reser<ing the+ is as follows4 (fter the egg is 2lown% +elt co++on 2eeswa5 an! force it into the shell with a !iscar!e! fountain 6en filler. Set in a cool 6lace until the wa5 har!ens. The +ost !elicate shells treate! in this +anner can 2e han!le! without fear of 2rea ing% an! the trans6arency of the wa5 will not alter the color% sha!ing% or !elicate tints of the egg. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0. 0. Sha2ino% Millstown% South Da ota. Ho!e! de P8o"o#* )8 %+8:' Ma e a 2o5 large enough to hol! four !ry cells an! use it as a 2ase to +ount the +otor on an! to su66ort the re<ol<ing cylin!er. (nyone of the <arious 2attery +otors +ay 2e use! to su66ly the 6ower. The su66ort for the cylin!er is first +a!e an! locate! on the co<er of the 2o5 in such a 6osition that it will gi<e a+6le roo+ for the +otor. The +otor 2ase an! the su66ort are fastene! 2y screws turne! u6 through the co<er or to6 of the 2o5. The location of these 6arts is shown in *ig. 1. The core for hol!ing the cylin!rical wa5 recor!s is I=1G$ in. long an! +a!e of woo!% turne! a little ta6ering% the !ia+eter at the s+all or outer en! 2eing 1=LG8 in.% an! at the larger en!% 1=7G8 in. ( woo! wheel with a V=sha6e! groo<e on its e!ge is naile! to the larger en! of the cylin!er. The hole in the core is fitte! with a 2rass tu2e% !ri<en in tightly to ser<e as a 2earing. ( ro! that will fit the 2rass tu2e% not too tightly% 2ut which will not wo22le loose% is threa!e! an! turne! into the u66er en! of the su66ort. The core with its attache! !ri<ing wheel is shown in *ig. '. The !otte! lines show the 2rass 2earing an! ro! a5le. The en! of the a5le shoul! 2e 6ro<i!e! with a threa! o<er which a washer an! nut are 6lace!% to ee6 the core fro+ co+ing off in turning. The soun! 2o5% *ig. $% is a2out $=1G$ in. in !ia+eter an! 1 in. thic % +a!e of hea<y tin. The !ia6hrag+% which shoul! 2e of thin ferroty6e tin% shoul! 2e sol!ere! to the 2o5. The nee!le is +a!e of a 6iece of sewing nee!le% a2out 1G8s in. long% an! sol!ere! to the center of the !ia6hrag+. The first 6oint shoul! 2e groun! 2lunt% as shown in the s etch. Ehen sol!ering these 6arts together% ta e care to ha<e the !ia6hrag+ lie 6erfectly flat an! not +a!e war6ing 2y any 6ressure a66lie! while the sol!er is cooling. The tin horn can 2e easily +a!e% attache! to the soun! 2o5 with a 6iece of ru22er hose an! hel! so it will swing the length of the recor! 2y a ro! attache! to the to6 of the 2o5% as shown. The +otor can 2e controlle! 2y a s+all three or four=6oint 2attery rheostat.

7honogra6h an! .onstruction of 7arts

==.ontri2ute! 2y Her2ert Hahn% .hicago% Ill. A S4.-t$t4te 0o* Co!) -- %+8:'

(n easy way to +a e a 6encil co+6ass when one is not at han!% is to ta e a nife with two 2la!es at one en!% o6en one to the full e5tent an! the other only halfway. Stic the 6oint en! of the fully o6en 2la!e into the si!e of a lea! 6encil an! use the half=o6en 2la!e as the center leg of the co+6ass. Turn with the nife han!le to +a e the circle.= .ontri2ute! 2y #. #. 9ol!. Jr. Victor% .olo.

7encil on the Fnife Bla!e A No1el R t T* ) %+:0'

( 2oy% while 6laying in the yar! close to a grain house% !ug a hole an! 2urie! an ol!=fashione! fruit 8ug or 8ar that his +other ha! thrown away% says the Iowa Ho+estea!. The to6 6art of the 8ug was left unco<ere! as shown in the s etch% an! a hole was 2 r 0 en in it 8ust a2o<e the groun!. The 2oy then 6lace! so+e shelle! corn in the 2otto+% 6ut a 2oar! on to6% an! weighte! it with a hea<y stone. The 8ug ha! 2een forgotten for se<eral !ays when a far+er foun! it% an!% won!ering what it was% he raise! the 2oar! an! foun! nine full=grown rats an! four% +ice in the 2otto+. The tra6 has 2een in use for so+e ti+e an! is o6ene! e<ery !ay or two an! ne<er fails to ha<e fro+ one to si5 rats or +ice in it. A N4t7C* (,$"# Blo(, %+:0'

Holes in Bloc for /uts In the s etch herewith is shown an a66liance for crac ing nuts which will 6re<ent +any a 2ruise! thu+2. To anyone who has e<er trie! to crac 2utternuts it nee!s no further reco++en!ation. The !e<ice is nothing +ore than a goo! 2loc of har!woo! with a few holes 2ore! in it to fit the !ifferent siBe! nuts. There is no nee! of hol!ing the nut with the fingers% an! as har! a 2low +ay 2e struc as !esire!. Ma e the !e6th of the hole two=thir!s the height of the nut an! the 2ro en 6ieces will not scatter. == .ontri2ute! 2y (l2ert ,CBrien% Buffalo% /. -. A ?ell<7M ,$"# St "d %+:0' #<ery housewife who +a es 8elly is only too well acJuainte! with the in= con<enience an! !anger of u6sets when using the ol! +etho! of 2alancing a

.heesecloth Strainer on Stan! 8elly=2ag on a cou6le of chairs stoo! on the itchen ta2le% with the a!!itional incon<enience of ha<ing a cou6le of chairs on the itchen ta2le out of co++ission for such a length of ti+e. The acco+6anying s etch shows how a stan! can 2e +a!e fro+ a few 6ieces of 2oar!s that will hel6 8elly +a ers an! 6re<ent the ol!=ti+e !angers an! !isa!<antages. The stan! can 2e stoo! in the corner of the itchen% or un!er the itchen ta2le where it will 2e out of !anger of 2eing u6set. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0yn!wo!e% 7ereira% ,ttawa% .an.

Ho3 to M ,e " E##7Be te* %+:&' There is no reason why any coo or housewife shoul! 2e without this egg2eater% as it can 2e +a!e Juic ly in any siBe. (ll that is nee!e! is an or!inary can with a tight=fitting co<er=a 2a ing=6ow!er can will !o. .ut a roun! 6iece of woo! ' in. longer than the length of the can. .ut a neat hole in the co<er of the can to allow the stic to 6ass through% an! at one en! of the stic fasten% 2y +eans of a flathea!e! tac % a 6iece of tin% cut roun!% through which se<eral holes ha<e 2een 6unche!. Secure another 6iece of hea<ier tin of the sa+e siBe% an! +a e

Ma!e 0i e a .hurn a hole in the center to 6ass the stic through. 7ut a s+all nail $ in. a2o<e the en! of the !asher% which allows the secon! tin to 6ass u6 an! !own in the o66osite !irection to the !asher. This 2eater will !o the wor in less ti+e than the regular itchen utensil. ==.on= tri2ute! 2y E. (. JaJuythe% Dich+on!% .al. C *t W$t8o4t " A9le %+:&' The 2oy who has a cou6le of cart wheels is not always luc y enough to ha<e an a5le of the 6ro6er length to fit the wheels. In such a case the cart can 2e constructe! as shown in the illustration. This cart has no a5le% each wheel 2eing attache! with a short 6in for an a5le% on the si!e an! at the lower e!ge of the 2o5. The outer en! of the 6in is carrie! on a 6iece of woo! e5ten!ing the full length of the 2o5 an!

Eheels *astene! to the Bo5 su66orte! 2y cross6ieces naile! to the en!s% as shown. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Thos. De 0oof% 9ran! Da6i!s% Mich. A" Ill4!$" ted T *#et %+:&' My youthful ne6hews so+e ti+e ago were 6resente! with an air rifle an! it wor e! so

well that it 2eca+e necessary for +e to construct a target that woul! allow the fun to 2e carrie! on at night. I re<erse! a !oor gong% screwe! it on the insi!e of a store 2o5% an! fitte! two can!les on the insi!e to illu+inate the 2ullseye. The can!les% of course% were 2elow the le<el of the 2ullseye. The 6osition of the can!les an! gong are shown in *ig. 1. (t night the illu+inate! interior of the 2ell coul! 2e

*ig.1H *ig. $H Target for /ight Shooting 6lainly seen as shown in *ig. $. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Ja+es M. Fane% Doylestown% 7a. S 3$"# S8eet Met l %+:&' Sheet +etal 6lace! 2etween two 2oar!s in the 8aws of a <ise an! cla+6e! tightly% can 2e sawe! easily with a hac saw. Feed Bo9 0o* C8$(,e"- %+:+' The s etch shows the construction of a fee! 2o5 !esigne! to 6re<ent the scattering of fee! an! gi<e the cowar!

.hic en *ee! Bo5 rooster as +uch chance to fatten as the ga+e coc . The 2ase +ay 2e +a!e of a 1G$=in. 2oar!% 1 ft. wi!e an! ' ft. long% although any of the !i+ensions +ay 2e <arie! to suit s6ecial reJuire+ents. The en!s are se+i=circular 6ieces with a notch% 1GI in. !ee6 an! ' in. wi!e% cut in the center of the roun!ing e!ge. The en!s are connecte! together with a 6iece of woo! set in the notches. The stri6 of woo! is 1GI in. thic % $ in. wi!e an! as long as the 2o5. /otches 1G8 in. wi!e an! 1G8 in. !ee6 are cut on the un!er si!e of this 6iece of woo!% 1=1G$ in. a6art. Hea<y 6ieces of wire are 2ent in the for+ of a se+i=circle% as shown. The wires are set in the 1G8=in. notches cut on the un!er si!e of the to6 6iece of woo!. The en!s of the wires are set in holes in woo! 6ieces 8oining the 2ases of the en! 6ieces. The 2ase2oar! an! to6 are se6ara2le. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Maurice Bau!ier% /ew ,rleans% 0a. A Boo, Re-t %+:+' ( 2oo that !oes not o6en flat is rather incon<enient to write in when one of its si!es is in the 6osition shown in *ig. $. ( we!ge=sha6e! 6iece of

Boo Bac Hol!ers +etal% stone or woo!% as shown in *ig. 1% will% when 6lace! as in *ig. '% raise the slo6ing half to the le<el of the other 6ages. .o<er the 2loc with ru22er% wi!e ru22er 2an!s or felt% to 6re<ent its scratching the !es to6. The 2loc can also 2e use! as a 6a6erweight. W$"do3 S8el0 0o* Flo3e* Pot- %+:+' ,n the le!ge for+e! 2y the to6 6art of the lower sash of the win!ow I fitte! a 2oar! 7 in. wi!e into each si!e of the casing% 2y cutting away the en!s. I 6lace! a s+all 2rac et at each en! of the shelf% so that it woul! fit soli!ly against the lower win!ow sash to su66ort the weight of the 6lants.

Shelf in Ein!ow ,ne of the 2rac ets I naile! to the shelf an! the other I hel! in 6lace with a hinge% the reason 2eing that if 2oth were soli!% the shelf coul! not 2e 6ut on the win!ow% as one en! +ust 2e !ro66e! in 6lace 2efore the other. Such a shelf will hol! all the 6lants a 6erson can 6ut on it. Ehen not in use% it can 2e re+o<e! without +arring the casing. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9. (. Eoo!% Eest 1nion% Ia. M #"et 0o* t8e Wo*, B -,et %+:+' Tie a ri22on or strong string to the wor 2as et an! fasten a large +agnet to the other en!. /ee!les% scissors% etc.% can 2e 6ic e! u6 without any trou2le. This !e<ice is <ery con<enient for in<ali!s. ==.ontri2ute! 2y /ellie .onlon% Eorcester% Mass. >"$0e M de 0*o! H (,7S 3 Bl de %+:/'

( <ery ser<icea2le nife with e5cellent cutting Jualities can 2e +a!e easily fro+ a !iscar!e! hac =saw 2la!e. The !i+ensions gi<en in the s etch +a e a nife of con<enient siBe. The saw teeth are groun! off on an e+ery wheel or grin!stone to a s+ooth e!ge 6arallel with the 2ac e!ge. *or the han!le% ta e two 6ieces of har! woo!% !ressing one surface of each 6iece% an! cut a groo<e as wi!e an! thic as the saw 2la!e. 7lace the 2la!e in the groo<e an! glue the two !resse! si!es of the woo! together. (fter the glue has !rie!% the 2la!e can 2e 6ulle! out of the groo<e an! the woo! sha6e! to any !esire! for+. ( s+all woo!=screw is 6ut through one si!e of the han!le to 6re<ent the 2la!e fro+ sli!ing. (fter co+6leting the han!le% the 2la!e is 6ut 2ac into the groo<e

an! shar6ene! to a cutting e!ge. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H. (. Hutchins% .le<elan!% ,hio.

Details of Han!le >$ll$"# M$(e "d R t- %+:/' ( si+6le an! ine56ensi<e +eans for illing +ice an! rats is to lea<e yeast ca es lying aroun! where they can eat the+. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Mau! McFee% #rie% 7a. Rolle* Co -te* Ill4-$o" T* 1el$"# U) " I"(l$"e %+:/' ( toy car with a 6a!!le wheel an! a shaft on 2oth en!s tra<eling u6war! on a chute in which water is flowing !own% is shown in the acco+6anying s etch. The 6a!!le wheels tra<el in a re<erse !irection causing the en!s of the a5les to roll on the e!ge of the chute% thus carrying the car u6 the incline. If a rac is use! on each si!e of the chute an! a s+all 6inion on the

.ar Tra<els 16hill en!s of the a5les% a 6ositi<e u6war! +o<e+ent of the car will 2e o2taine!. == .ontri2ute! 2y E. S. Jaco2s% Mal!enH Mass. Blo(, 0o* Pl "$"# O(t #o" l Wood P$e(e- %+:/' The little !e<ice shown in the illustration will 2e foun! <ery useful in any wor sho6. Two or three of the+ will 2e necessary for 6laning long 6ieces. #ach one is +a!e of a har!woo! 2loc % 1 in. sJuare an! I in. long. ( notch is cut in one si!e% as shown in *ig. 1% so a 6iece of woo! which has 2een 6lane! sJuare will fit in it. 7ut a screw in the en! of each 6iece an! fasten it !own to the 2ench. If !esire!% a tenon +ay 2e +a!e on the 2otto+ of each 2loc % as shown in *ig. $% to fit a +ortise cut in the 2ench. 7lace the 2loc s far enough a6art so the 2oar! to 2e 6lane! will rest fir+ly in the notches.

The /otch Hol!s the Eoo! 7lane the 2oar! sJuare first an! then 6lace it in the notches an! 6lane the corners !own to the 6ro6er !i+ensions. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Eillie Eoolsen% .a6e May 7oint% /.J. A Lette* Holde* o0 P$e*(ed Met l %+:2' The letter hol!er shown in the illustration will 2e foun! con<enient for hol!ing out= going letters that await the 6ost+anCs co+ing. It can 2e +a!e of either co66er or 2rass an! nee! not

*inishe! 0etter Hol!er 2e of <ery hea<y +aterial. 9auge $$ will 2e sufficiently hea<y. ,ne sheet of +etal% ) 2y &=1G$ in.% a 2oar! on which to wor it% an! an awl an! ha++er% will 2e nee!e!. 7re6are a !esign for the front. If one such as is shown is to 2e use!%

0ayout for the Metal +a e one=Juarter of it first% an! then get the other 6arts 2y fol!ing on the center lines an! tracing. This will insure ha<ing all 6arts ali e. The letters can 2e 6ut on afterwar!.

*asten the +etal to the 2oar!% using tac s an! nailing outsi!e of the reJuire! s6ace% in the waste +etal. Trace the !esign on the +etal with car2on 6a6erH or% if !esire!% 6aste the 6a6er !esign right on the +etal. Eith an awl 6ierce the +etal 2etween the +arginal line an! the !esign% as shown. The holes shoul! 2e unifor+ along the outlines 2ut shoul! 2e 6ierce! 6ro+iscuously otherwise. ,n the 2ac % only the +arginal line is to 2e 6ierce!. De+o<e the +etal% together with the 6a6er if the latter was 6aste! to the +etal% an! tri+ off the sur6lus +etal where the tac s ha! 2een 6lace!. *ile off any shar6ness so that the han! +ay not 2e in8ure! in han!ling it. 7lace the +etal on the e!ge of a ta2le or 2etween two 2oar!s% an! 2en! on the two lines in!icate! in the !rawing% to right angles. ( goo! finish is o2taine! 2y 8ust letting the co66er age with its natural color. If any 6olishing is reJuire!% it shoul! 2e !one 2efore the +etal is fastene! to the 2oar! an! 6ierce!. I!$t t$"# G*o4"d Gl -- %+:2' Ma e a +i5ture of white lea! in oil% 1 6artH <arnish% 'GI 6artH tur6entine% 1GI 6art% an! a!! sugar of lea! as a !ryer. Ma e a <ery thin 6aint of this an! use a 2roa!% flat 2rush% says Master 7ainter. Eith care you +ay succee! in getting the 6aint on Juite e<enly all o<er% which is !esira2le. ,ne coat will !o. If it 2eco+es necessary to re+o<e this coating for renewal% it +ay 2e effecte! 2y an a66lication of 6otash lye% or the ol! +ay 2e renewe! 2y a coating of a +i5ture of $ 6arts hy!rochloric aci!% $ 6arts white <itriol% 1 6art sul6hate of co66er :2lue <itriol; an! 1 6art of gu+ ara2ic% a66lie! 2y +eans of a 2rush. D* 3 .e0o*e C4tt$"# %+:2' ( !etail !rawing +a!e of a 6iece of furniture 2efore starting the wor will often sa<e ti+e an! +ista es. M ,$"# BS)$*$t-B Pl < V$ol$" %+:5'

( <ery 6retty tric % that can 2e wor e! in your own 6arlor% will 6ro!uce as +uch sensation as a fa e N+e!iu+.N In all a66earance% a <iolin% +an!olin or guitar% 6lace! on a ta2le% will 2egin to 6ro!uce +usic si+6ly through sta+6ing the foot an! a few 6asses of the han!. The +usic will not soun! natural% 2ut weir! an! !istant. The tric is !one 2y 6lacing the en! of a s+all stic on a +usic 2o5 in the 2ase+ent of the house an! allowing the other en! to 6ass u6 through the floor an! ta2le to6 so it will 6ro8ect a2out 1G1) in. The stic +ay 2e 6lace! 2y the si!e of% 2ehin! or through the center of a ta2le leg. Be careful not to ha<e any o2struction in the way of the stic . The instru+ent is 6lace! si!eways on the 6rotru!ing en! of the stic . The Nfa eN wor of in<o ing the Ns6iritN is 6erfor+e! an! en!e! 2y sta+6ing the foot% which signals the o6erator in the 2ase+ent to start the +achine% an! the <iolin see+ingly 6ro!uces +usic without anyone touching it. So i+6ressi<e are the results% that +any 6eo6le really thin the s6irits of the !e6arte! are 6laying the <iolin with unseen han!s. The +usic is trans+itte! through the stic fro+ the +usic 2o5 to the <iolin.

The Music 7ro!uce! by the 7honogra6h is Trans+itte! to the Viohn on the Secon! *loor 2y the (i! of a 0ong Stic S$A$"# T8*e ded Hole %+:5'

It so+eti+es 2eco+es necessary to transfer the siBe of a threa!e! hole fro+ so+e out=of=the=way 6lace to the sho6 in or!er to +a e a 6iece to fit it. Eith 6ro6er tools this is easyH without the+% it +ight 2e !ifficult. ,ne thing is always at han! an! that is woo!. Ehittle a stic ta6ering until it starts in the hole. Then turn it into the hole an! a fair threa! will 2e +a!e on the woo!. The stic can 2e carrie! in the 6oc et without ris of changing the siBe% as woul! 2e the case with or!inary cali6ers. Le ded7Gl -- F$*e S(*ee" %+:5' The +ain fra+e of the fire screen shown in *ig. 1 is +a!e fro+ two 6ieces of 1G$= in. sJuare 2ar iron. The longest 6iece% which shoul! 2e a2out L=1G$ ft. long% is 2ent sJuare so as to for+ two u6rights% each $8 in. long an! +easuring $) in. across the to6. The 2otto+ cross6iece can 2e either ri<ete! or wel!e! to the u6rights. Two 6airs of feet% each ) in. long an! s6rea! a2out 8 in. a6art% are sha6e! as shown in *ig. $. These are wel!e! to the lower en! of the u6rights. The orna+ental scrollwor on the fra+e is si+6le an! effecti<e% an! is easy to construct% says Eor % 0on!on. The scrolls are attache! to the fra+e 2y +eans of 'G1)= in. roun!=hea! +achine screws. The leaf orna+ent at the ter+ination of the scroll is sha6e! an! e+2osse! as shown in *ig. '. The +etal use! for the scrolls is 'G1) in. thic 2y 1G$ in. wi!e. The leaf orna+ent is for+e! 2y turning o<er the en! of a 6iece of +etal an! wor ing it together at a wel!ing heat% an! then sha6ing out the leaf withC a chisel an! files% after which they are e+2osse! with a 2all6een ha++er.

.o+6lete! *ire Screen an! 7arts The center is +a!e fro+ colore! glass of s6ecial +a e for lea!e! wor . The !esign is for+e! in the lea!% of which a cross section is shown in *ig. I. 1se care to gi<e the lea! a sy++etrical outline. The !esign shoul! 2e !rawn full siBe on a large sheet of hea<y 6a6er an! the s6aces to 2e occu6ie! 2y the lea! cut out so as to lea<e the e5act siBe an! sha6e of each 6iece of 6a6er the sa+e as wante! for each 6iece of glass. These are use! as 6atterns in +ar ing the glass for cutting. The glass is cut the sa+e as or!inary win!ow glass. The glass% lea!% 2or!er an! s6ecial flu5 can 2e 6urchase! fro+ an art glass sho6. (fter the glass is cut% the wor of 6utting the 6ieces together with the lea! 2etween the+ is 2egun. Secure a 2oar! as wi!e as the screen==se<eral narrow 2oar!s 6ut together will !o an! 2egin 2y 6lacing one <ertical si!e 2or!er% (% *ig. L% an! the 2ase 2or!er% B% on it as shown. 7lace the corner 6iece of glass% .% in the groo<es of the 2or!ers% cut a long 6iece of lea!% D% an! hol! it in 6lace with two or three 2ra!s or glaBierCs 6oints. The 6iece of lea! # is cut an! a s+all tenon 8oint +a!e as shown in *ig. ). Ehile the 6iece of lea! D% *ig. L% is hel! 2y the 2ra!s% the 6iece # can 2e fitte! an! sol!ere!. The sol!ering is !one with a hot sol!ering iron an! wire sol!er% using rosin as a flu5% or% 2etter still% s6ecial flu5 6urchase! for this 6ur6ose. (fter the 8oints are sol!ere!% the 6iece of glass * is 6ut in 6lace an! the lea! hel! with 2ra!s as 2efore until the cross lea!s are fitte! an! sol!ere!. The 2ra!s are then re+o<e!% the glass 6iece as shown 2y the !otte! lines 6ut in% an! the lea!s aroun! it hel! with 2ra!s until the cross6ieces are 6ut in an! sol!ere!. This +etho! is 6ursue! until the glass is co+6lete% then the two re+aining <ertical an! to6 6ieces of 2or!er are 6ut on an! all corners sol!ere!. The lea!e! glass is hel! in the iron fra+e 2y +eans of eight 1=sha6e! cli6s% as shown in *ig. 7. ( hole is !rille! in the fra+e for the retaining screw% the latter 2eing ta66e! to

the 2ase of the cli6. S6ecial screws +ay 2e +a!e with orna+ental hea!s% as shown in *ig. 8% an! use! for securing the si!e scrolls an! cli6s together. A Re1ol1$"# Teete* Bo *d %+:7'

Details of Teeter Boar! The acco+6anying s etch shows the !etails of a re<ol<ing teeter 2oar! for the chil!renCs 6laygroun! that can 2e constructe! in a few hours. Secure a 6ost% not less than I in. sJuare an! of the length gi<en in the !rawing% an! roun! the corners of one en! for a ring. This ring can 2e +a!e of 1=in. stra6 iron an! it shoul! 2e shrun on the 6ost. Bore a 'GI=in. hole in the en! of the 6ost for the center 6in to rest in. Ma e three washers '=in. in !ia+eter an! 1GI in. thic an! !rill 'GI=in. holes through their centers. Drill an! countersin two s+aller holes for $=in. woo! screws in each washer. *asten one of these washers to the to6 of the 6ost as shown. The 6ost is now rea!y to 2e set in the groun!. .oarse gra<el shoul! 2e 6ac e! tightly a2out it to +a e it soli!. .oncrete is +uch 2etter if it can 2e secure!. To +a e the swi<el you will nee! two 1GI 2y L 2y 8=in. 6lates% roun!e! at the to6 as shown% an! two woo! 2loc s% ( an! B% each '=1G$ 2y L 2y 10 in. Drill the lower en!s of the 6lates for four $=1G$=in. lag screws an! the u66er en!s for a LG8=in. 2olt. *asten the 6lates to the 2loc B% then !rill a 'GI=in. hole as shown an! fasten the two re+aining washers to the 2loc % one on each si!e an! central with the hole. Bore a LG8=in. hole lengthwise through the 2loc ( for the LG8=in. roc er 2olt. This 2olt shoul! 2e 11=1G$ in. long. The teeter 2oar! is +a!e of a $ 2y 1$=in. 6lan a2out 1$ ft. long. It shoul! 2e slightly ta6ere! fro+ the center to the en!s. Two styles of han! hol!s are shown% 2ut the one on the left is the one +ost generally use!. The han!les are roun!e! at the en!s an! are fastene! to the 2oar! with lag screws or 2olts. The 2loc ( is fastene! to the 2oar! with lag screws an! shoul! 2e a wor ing fit 2etween the wo 6lates where it is hel! 2y +eans of the LG8=in. 2olt. The center 6in is 'GI=in. in !ia+eter an! a2out & in. long. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. H. Dreier% Jr.% .a+!en% /. J. Ho!e7M de Pot Co1e*- %+:7' #+6ty threa! s6ools an! the tins use! as e5tra insi!e co<ers in lar! cans are usually thrown away% 2ut these can 2e 6ut to goo! use as ettle co<ers% if they are +a!e u6 as follows4 Saw the s6ool in half as shown% +a e a hole in the center of the tin an! run a screw or nail through the s6ool an! the tinH then flatten its en! on the un!er si!e. This

will +a e an e5cellent co<er for a 6ot. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Maurice Bau!ier% /ew ,rleans% 0a.

A" O4tdoo* G<!" -$4! P *t I7T8e Ho*$Ao"t l B * %+:8' 9y+nastic a66aratus costs +oney an! nee!s to 2e house!% 2ecause it will not stan! the weather. 9y+nasiu+s are not always a<aila2le for the a<erage 2oy who li es e5ercise an! who woul! li e to learn the tric s on horiBontal an! 6arallel 2ars% horse an! rings% which all young athletes are taught in regular gy+nastic courses. (ny s+all crow! of 2oys==e<en two==ha<ing a few si+6le tools% a will to use the+ an! the s+all a+ount of +oney reJuire! to 2uy the necessary

(!8usta2le HoriBontal Bar woo!% 2olts an! ro6e% can +a e a first class gy+nasiu+. If trees are con<enient% an! so+e one can swing an a5e% the +oney outlay will 2e al+ost nothing. The following 6lans are for +aterial 6urchase! fro+ a +ill sJuare! an! cut to length. To su2stitute s+all% straight trees for the sJuare! ti+2ers reJuires 2ut little changes in the 6lans. The +ost i+6ortant 6iece of a66aratus in the gy+nasiu+ is the horiBontal 2ar. Most gy+nasiu+s ha<e two4 one a!8usta2le 2ar for <arious e5ercises an! a high 2ar for gy+nastic wor . The out!oor gy+nasiu+ co+2ines the two. The +aterial reJuire! is as follows4 $ 6ieces of woo!% I in. sJuare 2y &=1G$ ft. longH I 6ieces% $ 2y I in. 2y $ ft. longH I 6ieces% 1 2y 7 in. 2y )=1G$ ft. longH I filler 6ieces% 'GI 2y ' in. 2y ' ft. & in. long an! 1 6iece% $=1G$ in. sJuare 2y L ft. 7 in. long. This latter 6iece is for the 2ar an! shoul! 2e of well seasone!% straight=graine! hic ory. It +a es no !ifference what in! of woo! is use! for the other 6ieces% 2ut it is 2est to use ce!ar for the hea<y 6ieces that are set in the groun! as it will ta e years for this woo! to rot. ,r!inary yellow 6ine will !o <ery well. The four 7=in. 2oar!s shoul! 2e of so+e har! woo! if 6ossi2le such as oa % hic ory% +a6le% chestnut or ash. The other +aterial necessary consists of $ 2olts% 1G$ in. in !ia+= eter an! 7 in. longH 1) screws% ' in. longH I hea<y screw eyes with two 1G$=in. shan sH L0 ft. of hea<y gal<aniBe! wire4 80 ft. of 1GI=in. +anila ro6e an! I 6ulley 2loc s. *our cleats are also reJuire! 2ut these can 2e +a!e of woo! at ho+e. Draw a line on the four 7=in. 2oar!s along the si!e of each fro+ en! to en!% 1=1GI= in. fro+ one e!ge. Beginning at one en! of each 2oar! +a e 6encil !ots on this line L in. a6art for a !istance of ' ft. I in. Bore holes through the 2oar!s on these +ar s with a &G1L=in. 2it. *asten two of these 2oar!s on each 6ost with the '=in. screws% as shown in the to6 <iew of the 6ost *ig. 1% for+ing a channel of the e!ges in which the holes were

2ore!. Two of the filler 6ieces are fastene! in each channel as shown% so as to +a e the s6ace fit the sJuare! en! of the 2ar snugly. The en!s of the 2oar!s with the holes shoul! 2e flush with the to6 of the 6ost. This will +a e each 6air of holes in the 7=in. 2oar!s coinci!e% so the 1G$=in. 2olt can 2e 6ut through the+ an! the sJuare! en! of the 2ar. Select a le<el 6lace where the a66aratus is to 2e 6lace! an! !ig two holes ) ft. a6art% each ' ft. !ee6 an! re+o<e all loose !irt. The en!s of the 6osts not co<ere! with the 2oar!s are set in these holes on 2ric s or s+all stones. The channels for+e! 2y the 2oar!s +ust 2e set facing each other with the inner surfaces of the 6osts 6arallel an! L ft. 8 in. a6art. The holes aroun! the 6osts are fille! with earth an! well ta+6e!. The hic ory 6iece which is to for+ the 2ar shoul! 2e 6lane!% scra6e! an! san!6a6ere! until it is 6erfectly s+ooth an! roun! e5ce6t for ' in. at each en!. Bore a &G1)=in. hole through each sJuare en! 1=1GI in. fro+ the en!. The 2ar +ay 2e fastene! at any !esire! height 2y sli66ing the 1G$=in. 2olts through the holes 2ore! in 2oth the 2ar an! channel. #ach 6ost +ust 2e well 2race! to ee6 it rigi! while a 6erson is swinging on the 2ar. *our anchors are 6lace! in the groun! at the corners of an i+aginary rectangle & 2y 1) ft.% in the center of which the 6osts stan! as shown in *ig. $. #ach anchor is +a!e of one $=ft. 6iece of woo!% aroun! the center of which four stran!s of the hea<y gal<aniBe! wire are twiste!% then 2urie! to a !e6th of $ ft.% the e5ten!ing en!s of the wires co+ing u6 to the surface at an angle. The hea<y screw eyes are turne! into the 6osts at the to6 an! lengths of ro6es tie! to each. These ro6es or guys 6ass through the 6ulley 2loc s% which are fastene! to the 6ro8ecting en!s of the anchor wire% an! return to the 6osts where they are tie! to cleats. Do not tighten the guy ro6es without the 2ar in 6lace% as to !o so will strain the 6osts in the groun!. Do not change the ele<ation of the 2ar without slac ing u6 on the ro6es. It ta es 2ut little 6ull on the guy ro6es to +a e the+ taut% an! once tightene! the 2ar will 2e rigi!.

9roun! 7lan ,il the 2ar when it is finishe! an! re+o<e it !uring the winter. It is well to oil the woo! occasionally !uring the su++er an! re<erse the 2ar at ti+es to 6re<ent its 2eco+ing cur<e!. The woo! 6arts shoul! 2e well 6ainte! to 6rotect the+ fro+ the weather. Ele(t*o-t t$( Ill4!$" t$o" %+::' (nyone ha<ing the use of a static +achine can 6erfor+ the following e56eri+ent which gi<es a stri ing result. ( co++on tu+2ler is +ounte! on a re<ol<ing

6latfor+ an! a narrow stri6 of tinfoil is fastene! with shellac <arnish to the surface of the glass as follows4 Starting 2eneath the foot of the glass fro+ a 6oint i++e!iately 2elow the ste+% it is ta en to the e!ge of the footH it follows the e!ge for a2out 1 in. an! then 6asses in a cur<e across the 2ase% an! ascen!s the ste+H then it 6asses aroun! the 2owl in a sinuous course to the ri+% which it follows for a2out one=thir! of its circu+ferenceH after which it !escen!s on the insi!e an! ter+inates at the 2otto+. The tinfoil on the outsi!e of the glass is !i<i!e! 2y cutting with a nife e<ery 1G8 in.% the 6arts insi!e an! 2eneath the glass 2eing left un!i<i!e!. .urrent is then le! fro+ a static +achine to two ter+inals% one ter+inal 2eing connecte! to one en! of the tinfoil stri6% an! si+ilarly the secon! ter+inal +a es contact with the other en!. (s soon as the current is le! into the a66aratus% a s6ar is seen at each 6lace where the nife has cut through the tinfoil. If the tu+2ler is rotate!% the effect will 2e as shown in the illustration. ( <ariety of s+all an! 6eculiar effects can 2e o2taine! 2y +a ing so+e of the ga6s in the tinfoil larger than others% in which case larger s6ar s woul! 2e 6ro!uce! at these 6oints. The e56eri+ent shoul! 2e carrie! out in a !ar ene! roo+% an! un!er these circu+stances when nothing is <isi2le% not e<en the tu+2ler% the effect is <ery stri ing. B lloo" A-(e"-$o" Ill4-$o" %/00' B< C. W. N$e! " In these !ays of startling re<elations in air=craft flight we are 6re6are! to see any !ay so+e +ar<elous +achine !ri<en 2ir! cutting figure=eights all o<er the s y a2o<e our hea!s. ,ne 2oy recently too a!<antage of this state of e56ectancy to ha<e an e<eningCs har+less a+use+ent% through an illusion which !ecei<e! e<en the +ost incre!ulous. He cause! a whole hotel=full of 6eo6le to gaBe o6en +outhe! at a sort of NPe66elin OOIII%N which s i++e! along the !istant horiBon% 8ust <isi2le against the !ar e<ening s y% !isa66earing only to rea66ear again% an! wor ing the whole crow! u6 to a frenBy of e5cite+ent. (n! all he use! was a 2lac threa!% a 2ig 6iece of car!2oar! an! a 6air of fiel! glasses. He stretche! the threa! 2etween two 2uil!ings% a2out 100 ft. a6art% in an en!less 2elt% 6assing through a screweye at either en!. ,n this threa! he fastene! a car!2oar! Ncut= outN of a !irigi2le% not +uch to loo at in !ayti+e% 2ut +ost !ece6ti<e at !us . By 6ulling one or the other string he +o<e! the Nairshi6N in either !irection. He too the 6recaution of stretching his threa! 8ust 2eyon! a 2lac 2erry he!ge an! thus e6t o<er= inJuisiti<e 6ersons at a safe !istance. He also saw to it that there was a 2lac 2ac groun! at either en! so that the re<ersing of the !irection of the craft woul! not 2e notice!. In attracting the crow! he ha! a confe!erate stan! loo ing at the +o<ing shi6 through a fiel! glass% which at once ga<e the suggestion of !istance% an! +aterially heightene! the illusion. Ehen the interest of the crow!% which at once gathere!% was at its height% the NaeronautN 6ulle! his craft out of sight an! let the !isillusion co+e when the light of !ay lai! 2are his frau!.

A Co*, E9t* (to* %/00' The !e<ice shown in the s etch is for re+o<ing a cor or sto66er fro+ a 2ottle whether full or e+6ty where the cor has 2een 6ushe! insi!e. ( wire a2out /o. 1I gauge is 2ent as shown at B% *ig. 1% to fit the in!e5 finger an! the other en! file! to a 6oint .% an! turne! in a s6iral D% so the 6oint will 2e on to6. Insert this tool in the 2ottle as shown in *ig. $ an! 6lace the en! D un!er the cor an! 6ull u6. The cor will co+e out easily. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Maurice Bau!ier. /ew ,rleans. 0a.

A" O4tdoo* G<!" -$4! P *t II7P * llel B *- %/0&' 7arallel 2ars hol! a high 6lace in the affection of those who freJuent gy+nasiu+s as the 2est a66aratus for !e<elo6+ent of the 2ac an! shoul!er +uscles% as well as a 6ro+oter of ease an! grace of +o<e+ent. The out!oor Ngy+N can ha<e a set of these 2ars with <ery little +ore la2or than was reJuire! for the horiBontal 2ar. The +aterial reJuire! is as follows4

Detail of the 7arallel Bars I 6osts% 6refera2ly ce!ar% I in. sJuare an! ) ft. longH $ 2ase 6ieces% I in. sJuare an! L= 1G$ ft. longH $ cross 2races% $ 2y I in. 2y $ ft. $ in. longH $ si!e 2races% $ 2y I in. 2y 7 ft. 8 in. longH I nee 2races% $ 2y I in. 2y ' ft. 8 in. longH $ 2ars of straight graine! hic ory% $ 2y ' in. 2y 10 ft. longH I woo! screws% ) in. longH I 2olts% 8 in. longH 8 2olts% 7 in. long an! 1 !oB. large s6i es. To +a e the a66aratus% lay off the 2ases as shown in the en! <iew an! 2e<el the en!s at an angle of )0 !eg. .hisel out two notches I in. wi!e an! 1 in. !ee6% 2eginning at a 6oint & in. fro+ either si!e of the center. These are to recei<e the lower en!s of the 6osts. Be<el two si!es of one en! of each 6ost !own to the wi!th of the finishe! 2ar==a little less than $ in. .ut notches in these en!s to recei<e the o<al 2ars. Be<el the en!s of

the nee 2races% as shown in the !iagra+% an! fasten the lower en!s to the 2e<ele! en!s of the 2ases with the s6i es. *asten the u66er en!s of the nee 2races to the u6rights with the 8=in. 2olts 6ut through the holes 2ore! for that 6ur6ose% an! countersin ing the hea!s. 0ay the whole en! flat on the groun! an! +a e a +ar $=1G$ ft. fro+ the 2otto+ of the 2ase u6 along the 6osts% an! fasten the en! 2races with their to6 e!ges flush with the +ar s% using four of the 7=in 2olts. *inally toe=nail the 2ase into the en!s of the 6osts +erely to hol! the+ in 6osition while the whole structure is 2eing han!le!. Two en!6ieces +ust 2e +a!e. These sets or en!s of the a66aratus are to 2e 2urie! in trenches !ug to the !e6th of $=1G$ ft.% with the !istance 2etween the two inner surfaces of the 6osts% which face each other% of 7 ft. (fter the trenches are !ug% a!!itional long% shallow trenches +ust 2e +a!e connecting the 6osts to recei<e the si!e 2races. The function of these si!e 2races is to hol! 2oth en!s together soli!ly. It is necessary to 2ury these 2races so they will 2e out of the way of the 6erfor+er. The si!e 2races are 2olte! to the 6osts 8ust 2elow the cross 2races% so the 2olts in 2oth will not +eet. The 2ars are !resse! !own so that a cross section is o<al as shown in the en! <iew. They are to 2e screwe! to the notche! en!s of the u6rights with the )=in. screws. The holes shoul! 2e countersun so they can 2e fille! with 6utty after the screws are in 6lace. The 2ars shoul! 2e well oile! with linsee! oil to 6rotect the+ fro+ the weather% an! in the winter they shoul! 2e re+o<e! an! store!. #<ery 6iece of woo! in this a66aratus can 2e roun! an! cut fro+ trees% e5ce6t the 2ars. If using +ill=cut lu+2er% lea<e it un!resse!% an! if using roun! ti+2er lea<e the 2ar u6on it as a 6rotection fro+ the weather. It is well to 6aint the entire a66aratus% sa<e the 2ars% 2efore 2urying the lower 6art of the en! 6ieces. The woo! so treate! will last for years% 2ut e<en un6ainte! they are <ery !ura2le. Be sure to ta+6 !own the earth well a2out the 6osts. ( s+ooth 6iece of groun! shoul! 2e selecte! on which to erect the a66aratus. : To be Continued.) Co!.$"ed L dle "d St* $"e* R'0$S Ehen using a strainer in connection with a la!le the o6eration reJuires 2oth

0a!le an! Strainer han!s. ( con<enient article where a la!le an! strainer are nee!e! is to swing a cu6= sha6e! strainer un!er the 2owl of a la!le as shown in the illustration. The strainer can 2e hel! in 6lace with s+all 2an!s that fit loosely o<er the han!le an! a s+all ti6 sol!ere! to the la!le. These will allow the la!le to 2e turne!% lea<ing the strainer always in 6osition. ( large siBe! la!le% eJui66e! with a strainer% is 8ust the thing for 6ainters to !i6 an! strain 6aint% while a s+all one is of great assistance to the housewife for !i66ing an! straining sou6s% 8ellies% etc. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. (. JaJuythe% Dich+on!% .al. Cle "$"# Glo1e- %/0+' ( solution consisting of 1 !r. of so!iu+ car2onate an! 1 Jt. of +il +a es an e5cellent cleaner for +otoristsC glo<es.

T4*)e"t$"e $" C4tt$"# O$l %/0+' Ehen cutting steel or wrought iron in a lathe% +illing +achine% !rill 6ress or 6laner% it is so+eti+es necessary to lea<e a s+ooth surface. ,il% or <arious cutting co+6oun!s of oil% is use! for this 6ur6ose an! to ee6 the surface cool. If a little tur6entine is a!!e! to the oil% it will greatly assist in lea<ing a s+ooth surface. ( 6ro6ortion of one=Juarter tur6entine is goo!. Ce"te* o0 G* 1$t< E9)e*$!e"t %/0+' This e56eri+ent consists of sus6en!ing a 6ail of water fro+ a stic 6lace! u6on a ta2le as shown in the acco+6anying s etch. In or!er to acco+6lish this e56eri+ent% which see+s i+6ossi2le% it is necessary to 6lace a stic % (% of sufficient 1ength%

2etween the en! of the stic on the ta2le an! the 2otto+ of the 6ail. This +a es the center of gra<ity so+ewhere near the +i!!le of the stic on the ta2le% thus hol!ing the 6ail as shown. L t8e A((4* (< %/0+' ( hea<y lathe cut will not !o accurate wor . A" O4tdoo* G<!" -$4! PART III7T8e Ho*-e %/0/' The 9er+an horse is that 6eculiar 6iece of a66aratus which is 6artly a horiBontal o2struction to lea6 o<er% 6artly a 2arrier for 8u+6s% 6artly a s+ooth surface of long an! narrow !i+ensions o<er an! a2out which the 2o!y +ay sli!e an! swing% an! 6artly an artificial 2ac for the 6ur6ose of a 6eculiar style of lea6 frog.

The 9er+an Horse To +a e a horse for the out!oor Ngy+N reJuires no !ifficult wor sa<e the 6re6aration of the to6 or 2o!y of the horse. The +a ing of the regular gy+nasiu+ horse reJuires a <ery ela2orate woo!=wor ing an! leather u6holstering 6lant% 2ut the one use! for out= !oor wor can 2e +a!e of a log of woo!. 7rocure fro+ a saw +ill% woo! yar! or fro+ the woo!s% one=half of a tree trun fro+ a tree & to 1L in. in !ia+eter==the larger the 2etter. The length +ay 2e anywhere fro+ I to 7 ft.% 2ut L ft. is a goo! length. The roun! 6art of this log +ust 2e 6lane!% scra6e! an! san!6a6ere! until it is 6erfectly s+ooth% an! free fro+ nots% 6ro8ections an! s6linters. Han! hol!s +ust 2e 6ro<i!e! ne5t. These are 6lace! 18 in. a6art in a central 6osition on the horse. Ma e two 6arallel saw cuts $ in. a6art% straight !own in the roun! surface of the horse until each cut is & in. long. .hisel out the woo! 2etween the cuts an! in the +ortises thus +a!e insert the han! hol!s. #ach han! hol! is +a!e of a &=in. 6iece of $ 2y I=in. stu! cut roun!ing on one e!ge. These are well naile! in 6lace. The 2o!y of the horse is to 2e fastene! on to6 of 6osts so that it +ay 2e a!8uste! for height. It is not as !ifficult to +a e as the horiBontal an! 6arallel 2ars. The +aterial reJuire! is as follows4 Two 6osts% I in. sJuare 2y L ft. longH $ a!8usting 6ieces% $ 2y I in. 2y ' ft. ' in. longH 1 cross 2race% $ 2y I in. 2y ' ft. longH $ 2ases% I in. sJuare 2y L=1G$ ft. longH I nee 2races% $ 2y I in. 2y ' ft. longH two 1G$=in. 2olts% 1 in. long% to fasten the nee 2races at the to6H ten 1G$=in. 2olts% 7 in. long% I to fasten the nee 2races at the 2otto+% $ to fasten the cross 2race an! I to 2e use! in fastening the a!8usting 6ieces to the 6osts. To construct% layout the 2ases as shown in the !rawing% +a ing the +ortises to recei<e the 2otto+ en!s of the 6osts e5actly in the center% an! cut a slanting +ortise ) in. fro+ each en! to recei<e the en!s of the nee 2races. Be<el the en!s of the nee 2races an! fasten the u66er en!s of each 6air to the 6ost with one &=in. 2olt. *asten the lower en!s to the 2ase with the 7=in. 2olts. The u66er en! of each 6ost shoul! ha<e LG8=in. holes 2ore! through it 6arallel to the 2ase at inter<als of ' in.% 2eginning 1=1G$ in. fro+ the to6 an! e5ten!ing !own its length for $ ft. I=1G$ in. The a!8usting 6ieces are to 2e 2ore! in a si+ilar +anner after which they are to 2e +ortise! into the un!er si!e of the horse to6 1L in. fro+ each en!% an! secure! with screws 6ut through the to6 an! into the en! of the a!8usting 6ieces. The 2ases with their 6osts an! nee 2races are 2urie! 2 ft. 4 in. in the groun!% 6arallel to each other an! the sa+e !istance a6art as the a!8usting 6ieces are +ortise! in the

horse to6. Ehen the groun! has 2een fille! in an! ta+6e! har!% the cross 2race shoul! 2e 2olte! in 6osition with its lower e!ge resting on the groun! an! connecting the two 6osts. The height of the horse fro+ the groun! is a!8uste! 2y changing the 2olts in the !ifferent holes connecting the two a!8usting 6ieces with the two 6osts. Much 6leasant an! healthful gy+nastic e5ercise can 2e ha! in co+6etiti<e horse 8u+6ing an! lea6ing% the han!les 6ro<i!ing a way to +a e +any !ifferent lea6s through% o<er an! aroun!% inclu!ing not only those +a!e to see who can go o<er the horse fro+ a stan!ing or running start at the greatest height% 2ut who can go o<er at the greatest height when starting fro+ the Ntoeing off +ar N farthest away fro+ the horse. This horse shoul! 2e locate! on le<el groun! ha<ing s+ooth s6ace a2out it for se<eral feet. S)oo" Re-t 0o* >ettle- %/02' ( rest for ee6ing s6oons fro+ sli66ing into ettles can 2e +a!e fro+

a stri6 of +etal 2ent as shown in the illustration. The s6ring of the +etal will +a e it easy to a66ly to the ettle. The s6oon 6lace! in the rest will !rain 2ac into the ettle. The co<er can 2e 6lace! on without re+o<ing the s6oon.==.ontri2ute! 2y E. (. JaJuythe% Dich+on!. .al. Re -o" 0o* B4*-t$"# o0 G4" B **el- %/02' 9un 2arrels !o not 2urst without a cause an! usually that cause is one of which the shooter is entirely ignorant% 2ut ne<ertheless% no one is res6onsi2le 2ut hi+self% says the S6orting 9oo!s Dealer. 9un 2arrels can only 2urst 2y ha<ing so+e o2struction in the 2arrel or 2y o<erloa!ing with 6ow!er. (ny gun 2arrel can 2e 2urst 2y +isuse or 2y carelessly loa!ing s+o eless 6ow!er% 2ut no 2arrel will 2urst 2y using factory loa!e! a++unition% 6ro<i!e! there is no o2struction or foreign su2stance insi!e the 2arrel. Ehen a gun 2arrel 2ursts at the 2reech or cha+2er% it is cause! 2y an o<erloa!e! shell% an! when it 2ursts in the center or near the +uBBle% it is cause! 2y so+e o2struction% such as a !ent% snow% water% etc. H "d Sled M de o0 P$)e "d F$tt$"#- %/05' The acco+6anying s etch shows how an or!inary han! sle! can 2e +a!e of 'GI=in. 6i6e an! fittings. #ach runner is +a!e of one 6iece of 6i6e 2ent to the 6ro6er sha6e. This can 2e acco+6lishe! 2y filling the 6i6e with +elte! rosin or lea!% then 2en!ing to the sha6e !esire!% an! afterwar! re+o<ing the rosin or lea! 2y heating. #ach 8oint is turne! u6 tightly an! well 6inne! or 2raBe!. ,ne of the to6 cross6ieces shoul! ha<e right=han! an! left=han! threa!s or 2e fitte! with a union. (lso% one of the to6 6ieces connecting the rear 6art to the front 6art of each runner +ust 2e fitte! in the sa+e way. The to6 is fastene! to the two cross6ieces. Such a han! sle! can 2e +a!e in a

7arts Ma!e of 7i6e *ittings few hoursC ti+e an!% when co+6lete% is +uch 2etter than a woo! sle!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Ja+es #. /o2le% Toronto% ,ntario. E!e*#e"(< M #"$0<$"# Gl -- %/05' Ehen in nee! of a +icrosco6e in the stu!y of 2otany% one +ay 2e +a!e in the following +anner4 Ben! a s+all wire or the ste+ of a leaf so as to for+ a s+all loo6 not larger than the or!inary !ro6 of water.

0oo6 Inclosing a Dro6 of Eater Ehen this is !one 6lace a !ro6 of clear water in the loo6 an! the +icrosco6e is co+6lete. This te+6orary !e<ice will 6ro<e <alua2le where a strong +agnifying glass is not at han!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (rthur #. Joerin% 7aris% *rance. Be"t7I*o" P$)e R (, %/05' Stri6s of soft iron% 1GI or 'G1) in. in wi!th an! 1G'$ in. thic % are use! in +a ing the 6i6e rac shown in *ig. 1. This +aterial can 2e o2taine! fro+ any local har!ware !ealer who carries 2ar iron in stoc . Draw a full=siBe s etch of the !esign on 6a6er% then run a string o<er each 6art% which% when straightene! out% will gi<e the length. The scrolls are 2ent with a 6air of roun!=nose 6liers. These% with a 6air of flat=nose 6liers% are all the tools necessary. The 6art for hol!ing the 6i6es is shown in *ig. $. The en! ele<ation% at # an! *% shows how the rac is fastene! to the +ain fra+e of the rac . ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. E. Vener% Boston% Mass.

Design of a Dac To Cle " S$l1e* %/05' ( goo! +etho! to clean sil<er of any in! is to 6lace the articles in an alu+inu+ <essel an! a!! a few 6ieces of Binc. Hot water is a!!e! an! the sil<er 2oile! until clean. It is 2est to use soft water. The tarnish is re+o<e! 2y the electrolytic action of the Binc on the alu+inu+ an! the sil<er% an! the latter will ta e on a 2right luster. This +etho! of cleaning will not in8ure o5i!iBe! or 2lac sil<er% nor that which is 6artly o5i!iBe!. S8 *)e"$"# S, te- 3$t8 F$le %/06

Two +etho!s are shown in the s etches for filing s ates=one for hollow filing an! the other for filing flat

*iling a *lat Surface an! straight across the 2la!e. The +etho! shown in *igs. 1 an! $ is for filing the 2la!e flat. The !e<ice for hol!ing the s ates consists of a 2oar! on which four 2loc s% (( an! BB% are naile!. These 2loc s are fastene! on the 2oar! in the relati<e 6ositions of the heel an! sole on a shoe. The s ates are cla+6e! on the+ in the sa+e +anner as on a shoe. ( flat file is !rawn across 2oth 2la!es of the s ates as shown. (fter the roun!ness is cut !own on the e!ges of the 2la!es the s ates are re+o<e! an! the file is !rawn along the si!es to re+o<e the 2urr. S ates file! in this way ha<e flat surfaces with shar6 e!ges. So+e s aters li e a hollow=groun! s ate an! the +etho! shown in *igs. ' an! I can 2e use! for filing a slightly cur<e! surface in the 2la!e. ( 6iece of tin or sheet +etal is sha6e! o<er a roun! file as shown in *ig. '. The +anner of filing the cur<es is shown in *ig. I. The 6iece of +etal is hel! o<er the file an! 2la!e of the s ate as the file is wor e!.

*iling a .ur<e! Surface L$"e- "d Lette*- M de 3$t8 C *)e"te*;- Pe"($l %/06'

The s etch shows so+e unusual wor +a!e with a car6enterCs 6encil. If the flat lea! is notche! with a three=cornere! file :*ig. 1;% two 6arallel lines +ay 2e !rawn at one stro e% or <arious rulings +ay 2e +a!e% as shown in *ig. $. Broa! lines can 2e +a!e% as shown in *ig. '% or uneJual wi!ths as in *ig. I.

7encil 7oints an! Their Eor In *igs. $% L an! ) are shown lines es6ecially a!a6te! for the 2oo ee6er or !rafts+an. If one lac s the a2ility to !raw ol! #nglish letters with a 6en% the letters +ay 2e first !rawn with a car6enterCs 6encil :*ig. 7; an! the outlines +ar e! with in an! finally fille! in. /arrow lines are +a!e with 6oints cut as in *igs. 8 an! &. ( little 6ractice with the car6enterCs 6encil in +a ing these letters will ena2le the stu!ent to finally 6ro!uce the+ with the 6en use! for the 6ur6ose. I"-4l t$"# Al4!$"4! W$*e %/06' (lu+inu+ wire 6lunge! hot into a col! solution of car2onate of so!a 2eco+es coate! with a strong layer of o5i!e which for+s an e5cellent insulator to electricity. Ho3 to B4$ld " I(e7Y (8t %/07' .on!ense! fro+ an article 2y H. 7ercy (shley in Du!!er. The 6lans an! s6ecifications shown in the illustrations are for +a ing a I00=ft. class ice=yacht% ha<ing a !ou2le coc 6it to acco++o!ate four 6ersons. The weight of the 6ersons in the forwar! coc 6it ee6s the 2oat fro+ rearing when in a stiff 2reeBe. The forwar! coc 6it can 2e re+o<e! if necessary. The +aterials use! are4 2ac 2one%

Ice=-acht .o+6lete white 6ineH center% clear s6ruceH si!es% white oa ca6sH runner 6lan % 2asswoo!% 2utternut or oa H coc 6it% oa H runners% choc s% etc.% Juartere! white oa . (ll the iron wor shoul! 2e first=gra!e Swe!ish iron% with the e5ce6tion of the runners% which are soft cast iron. It is not necessary to go into !etail with the +easure+ents as they are 6lainly shown in the s etches. The 2ac 2one is '7=1G$ ft. o<er all% 1$ in. in the center% L in. stern% '=1G$ in. at the noseH wi!th I=1G$ in. (ll woo! shoul! 2e selecte! fro+ the 2est gra!es% well seasone! an! free fro+ chec s. In *ig. 1 is shown the co+6lete ice=yacht with general !i+ensions for the sail an! +ain 6arts. ,ther !i+ensions are shown in *ig=% $. The 2ac 2one is ca66e! on the u66er an! lower e!ges full length with stri6s of oa % I=1GI in. wi!e an! LG8 in. thic . The lengthwise si!e stri6s of s6ruce are 1=1GI in. thic . The filling=in 6ieces 6lace! 2etween the si!e 6ieces are of seasone! white 6ine% lea<ing the o6en 6laces as shown in *ig. $. The 6arts are 6ut together with hot glue an! 2rass screws. The runner 6lan shoul! 2e 6lace!

Details of the Ice=-acht 7arts with the heart of the woo! u6% so as to gi<e the natural cur<e fro+ the ice so that it will act as a s6ring. The 6lan is 1) in. wi!e in the center% 1I in. at the en!sH I=1G8 in. thic at the center an! $='GI in. at the en!s. Details of the runners are shown in *igs. '% I% L% )% 7% 8 an! &. The cast iron shoes are file! an! finishe! with e+ery 6a6er% +a ing the angle on the cutting e!ge IL !eg. on 2oth si!es. The runners are 7=1GI in. wi!e o<er all an! $=1G8 in. thic . The soft iron

casting is $=1GI in. !ee6. The shoes are fastene! 2y LG8=in. +achine 2olts. These are shown in *igs. ' an! &. The ru!!er is $='GI in. thic % L in. !ee6% inclu!ing woo! an! iron% an! ' ft. long. The cast iron shoe is 1=7G8 in. !ee6 an! fastene! on with four 1G$= in. +achine 2olts. ( 2rass 6late% 1GI in. thic % $ in. wi!e an! 7 in. long% is inserte! on each si!e of the runners as shown in *ig. &. Three holes are !rille! through for a 'GI= in. ri!ing 2olt that can 2e shifte! as !esire! for rough or s+ooth ice. The runner choc s an! gui!es are 1=7G8 in. thic an! I=1G$ in. !ee6. They are set in the runner 6lan 1GI in. an! fastene! with glue an! 1G$=in. lag screws. These are shown in *igs. ) an! 7. The aft coc 6it is stationary% while the fore or 6assenger coc 6it can 2e re+o<e! at will. Both coc 6its are the sa+e siBe% I$ in. wi!e an! 7 ft. long o<er all. #ach one has a 2ent rail% 1=1G$ in. 2y I in.% groo<e! 1G$ in. 2y 7G8 in. 2efore 2en!ing. The flooring is of oa % 1=1G$ in. thic an! I in. wi!e% tongue=an! groo<e!. The forwar! coc 6it is +a!e in hal<es an! hung on the 2ac 2one with wrought=iron stra6s an! 2olts. These are shown in *igs. I1% I' an! II. Two 6ieces of oa % 1G$ in% 2y I in. are fastene! with screws to the flooring% 6arallel with the 2ac 2one in the forwar! coc 6it. The runner 6lan which 6asses un!er this coc 6it gi<es it sta2ility. The s6ars shoul! 2e hollow an! ha<e the following !i+ensions4 Mast% $' ft. ' in.H heel% '='GI in. H center% L=1GI in.H ti6% I in. H 2oo+ $'=1G$ ft.H heel% '='GI in.H center% I in. H ti6% $=7G8 in. at en!sH gaff% 1$=1G$ ft.H center% '=1G$ in.H en!s% $=1G$ in.H 8i2= 2oo+% 10=1G$ ft.H 1='GI in. at the en!s% $=1G8 in. at the center. The gaff is furnishe! with 2ent 8aws of oa % *ig. 17% an! the +ain 2oo+ with goosenec % *ig. 1$. 9al<aniBe! cast=steel yacht rigging% LG1) in. in !ia+eter% is use! for the shrou!sH 8i2stay% 'G8 in. in !ia+eterH runner 6lan guys% LG1) in. in !ia+eterH 2o2stay% 'G8 in. in !ia+eterH +artingale stay% 1GI in. in !ia+eter. The throat%an! 6ea halyar!s are 'G8 in. in !ia+eterH 8i2 halyar!s% 1GI in. in !ia+eter. The +ain sheet rigging is &G1)=in. Dussian 2olt ro6eH 8i2s% 7G1)=in. +anila 2olt ro6e% I=stran!H 8i2=sheet% 'G8=in. +anila 2olt ro6e. *our 1G$=in. 2ronBe turn2uc les% *ig. 'I% are use! for the shrou!sH one LG8=in. turn2uc le for the 8i2stay an! one for the 2o2stayH four 'G8=in. turn2uc les for the runner 6lan stays% an! one for the +artingale stay. Two ro6e 2loc s for 'G8=in. wire ro6e% *ig. 10% are use! for the 6ea an! throat% an! one 2loc for the wire ro6e 1GI in. in !ia+eter for the 8i2 halyar!. *our )=in. an! one 7=in. cleats% *ig. 18% are use!. The 2loc s shown in *ig. 11 are use! for the +ain an! 8i2 sheets. The steering arrange+ent is shown in *igs. I an! L. The tiller is '=1G$ ft. longH ru!!er 6ost% 1=1GI in. in !ia+eterH shoul!er to lower en! of 8aws% I in.H !e6th of 8aws% $=7G8 in.H length of 6ost inclu!ing screw to6% 1$ in. The ru22er washer acts as a s6ring on rough ice. In *igs. 1'% 1I% 1L an! 1) are shown +etal 2an!s for the nose of the 2ac 2one% an! *igs. 1&% $0% $1% $$ an! $' show the sa!!les that fit o<er the 2ac 2one an! hol! the runner 6lan in 6lace. There are two sets of these. ( choc shoul! 2e sun in the runner 6lan at each si!e to connect with the 2ac 2one to ee6 it fro+ sli66ing si!ewise as the 2oat rises in the air. The +artingale s6rea!er is shown in *igs. $I an! $L. Stra6s through which the ring 2olts for the shrou!s 6ass on the en!s to fasten the turn2uc les for the runner 6lan guys are shown in *igs. $) an! $7. The 2o2stay s6rea!ers are shown in *igs. $8% $& an! '0. In *ig. '1 is shown the to6 6late for the ru!!er 6ost an! in *igs. '$ an! ''% the lower 6late for sa+e. The +ast ste6 is shown in *igs. 'L% ') an! '7. Two 6ositions of the 8i2 tra<eler are shown in *ig. '8. The anchor 6late for the 2o2stay un!er the coc 6it is shown in *igs. '& an! I0. (t the nose an! heel the runner 6lan guys en! in a loo6. The 2o2stay has a loo6 at the nose an! en!s in a turn2uc le that fastens to the anchor 6late un!er the coc 6it% aft. The shrou!s% 8i2stay an! +artingale ha<e loo6s at the +asthea! an! are s6lice! 2are o<er soli! thi+2les. The loo6s are finishe! in 6igs in an! ser<e! with soft cotton twine o<er the s6lice an! <arnishe!. The 6arceling is !one with insulating ta6e. Ser<e the tiller with soft cotton twine an! ri!e a secon! ser<ing o<er the first. *or the halyar!s hoisting use a 8ig shown in *ig. I). The thi+2le shown in *ig. I7 is +a!e 2y s6licing the ro6e to the thi+2le at running 6art of halyar! an! 6assing 2ac an! forth through cleat an! thi+2le. This gi<es a Juic an! strong 6urchase an! !oes away with cu+2erso+e 2loc s of the ol!=fashione! 8ig. The 8i2=sheet lea!s aft to the steering coc 6it. The +ain=sheet en!s in a 8ig of a single 2loc an! a single 2loc with 2ec et.

Be sure that your sail co<ers are large enough==the sail +a er always +a es the+ too tight. The coc 6it co<ers +ust fit tightly aroun! the coc 6it rail. Many 2oats ha<e sail an! coc 6it co<ers in one 6iece. The woo!wor +ay 2e finishe! as !esire! 2y the 2uil!er. The !i+ensions of the sails are gi<en in the general !rawing% *ig. 1. T4*"$"# L$#8t- O" "d O00 0*o! A"< N4!.e* o0 Pl (e- %/&0' This can 2e !one 2y the use of any nu+2er of re<ersing switches such as

Eiring Diagra+ those shown at Ban! .. These are inserte! 2etween the two=way switches ( an! D. Turning such a switch u6 or !own connects the four contact 6ieces either !iagonally as at .% or lengthwise as at B. The !iagra+ shows connection fro+ ( to D% when the la+6s will 2e on% 2ut 2y turning either of these four switches into its alternati<e 6osition% shown 2y the !otte! lines% the circuit will 2e 2ro en an! the lights e5tinguishe!. Ehen this has 2een !one% the circuit +ay 2e restore! an! the la+6s lighte! again 2y altering either of the four switches in e5actly the sa+e way% an! so on. It will 2e o2ser<e! that a re<ersing switch use! in this way 6ractically un!oes whate<er is !one 2y the other switches. In the acco+6anying !iagra+ only two re<ersing switches are shown an! the lights can 2e in!e6en!ently controlle! fro+ four !istinct 6ositions. (ny nu+2er of re<ersing switches can 2e 6lace! 2etween the two= way switches ( an! D to increase the nu+2er of 6laces fro+ which the lights coul! 2e turne! on an! off. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. S. Dow% Mayfiel!% 0on!on. Ho3 to M ,e " Ele(t*$( Pe"d "t S3$t(8 %/&0' It is often !esire! to use a 6en!ant switch for controlling clusters of incan!escent la+6s. Ehen such a switch is not at han!% a <ery goo! su2stitute can 2e +a!e 2y screwing a co++on fuse 6lug into a ey soc et an! connecting the soc et in series with the la+6s to 2e controlle!. In this way you get a safe% relia2le% fuse! switch. == .ontri2ute! 2y .. .. Hey!er% Hansfor!% E. Va. Me -4*e %/&0' /e<er guess the length of a 6iece of wor ==+easure it. Ho!e7M de W te* Moto* %/&&' The s+all water +otor shown in the illustration is constructe! in the sa+e +anner as a 9er+an toy stea+ tur2ine. The wheel% which is +a!e of alu+inu+ 1G1) in. thic an! 7 in. in !ia+eter% has $I 2la!es attache! to it. The lugs or e5tensions carrying the ri+ +ust 2e +a!e fro+ the +etal of the wheel% therefore a circle 8 in. in !ia+eter +ust 2e first !escri2e! on the alu+inu+ 6late% then another circle 7 in. in !ia+eter within the first an! then a circle for the 2ase of the 2la!es% '=1G$ in. in !ia+eter. Twenty=four ra!ial lines at eJual !istances a6art are !rawn 2etween the two s+aller circles an! a 1GI=in. hole !rille! at the intersecting 6oints of the ra!ial lines an! the inner+ost circle.

.entrally 2etween each 6air of ra!ial lines an! 2etween the two outer circles% 1G$ 2y 'G8=in. lugs are +ar e! out an! the +etal cut away as shown in *ig. 1. ( 1G8=in. hole is then !rille! in the center of each lug. #ach !i<ision is se6arate! 2y cutting !own each ra!ial line to the 1GI=in. hole with a hac saw. #ach ar+ is then gi<en a Juarter turn% as shown 2y the !otte! lines in *ig. $% an! the lug 2ent o<er at right angles to recei<e the ri+. The ri+ is +a!e of the sa+e +aterial as the !is an! contains twenty=four 1G8 in. holes corres6on!ing to those in the lugs to recei<e 2rass 2olts 1GI=in. long. The !is s 77 were ta en fro+ the en!s of a !iscar!e! ty6ewriter 6laten% 2ut if these cannot 2e rea!ily o2taine!% they can 2e turne! fro+ +etal or a hea<y flat !is use! instea!. The casing was +a!e fro+ two alu+inu+ ca e 6ans whose !ia+eter was 8 in. at the 2ase% increasing to & in. at the ri+. The centers of these were locate! an! a 1GI =in. hole !rille! for the

shaft. The !is s 7 are the sa+e as use! on the wheel. Si5 holes 1G8=in. in !ia+eter were !rille! through the flat 6art of the ri+s while the two hal<es were hel! together in a <ise. Bolts were 6lace! through these holes to 8oin the casing when rea!y for asse+2ling. ,ne si!e of the casing was then 2olte! to two I=in. or!inary +etal shelf 2rac ets which were

Details of Motor screwe! to a su2stantial woo! 2ase. This e6t one=half of the casing in!e6en!ent of the +ain structure so that the wheel is easily accessi2le. The noBBle was +a!e of 1G$=in. 2rass 6i6e which was first fille! with +olten 2a22itt +etal. Ehen the +etal was cool% a 1GI=in. hole was !rille! halfway through the length of the tu2e% the hole 2eing continue! through to the other en! 2y +eans of a 1G8=in. !rill. The lower orifice was then slightly enlarge! with a s+all ta6er rea+er% an! the u66er 6ortion of the 2ore was rea+e! out al+ost to the 2rass to +a e a s+ooth entrance for the water. ( fi5ture to hol! this noBBle is shown in *ig. '. It was cast of 2a22itt +etal in a woo! +ol!. The hole for the noBBle was !rille! at an angle of $0 !eg. to the 6late 6art. (n alternati<e an! 6erha6s easier way woul! 2e to insert the noBBle in the +ol! at the 6ro6er angle an! cast the +etal aroun! it. ( hole was then cut in one of the si!es of the casing at a 6oint $=7G8 in. along a horiBontal line fro+ the center. The noBBle fi5ture was then 2olte! on with the e5it orifice of the noBBle 6ointing !ownwar! an! through the hole in the casing. Si5 1G8=in. holes were !rille! through the flat 6ortions of the ri+s while the two

hal<es of the casing were hel! securely together in a <ise. Bolts were use! in these holes to 8oin the casing. The wheel was use! on the !ri62oar! of a itchen sin an! no 6ro<ision was +a!e to carry off the s6ent water e5ce6t to cut two 1G$=in. holes in the 2otto+ of the casing an! allowing the waste to flow off !irectly into the sin . ==.ontri2ute! 2y Harry *. 0owe% Eashington% D. .. De1$(e 0o* B -e. ll T8*o3$"# P* (t$(e %/&+' (nyone training to 2e a 2ase2all 6layer will fin! the !e<ice shown in the acco+6anying illustration a great hel6

Ball Boun!ing on .oncrete Sla2s when 6racticing alone. It consists of two ce+ent sla2s% one flat an! u6right% the other cur<e! an! on the groun!. The <ertical sla2 is fastene! securely against a fence% 2arn or she!. The 2arn or the she! is 6refera2le% for if the sla2 is fastene! to a fence% the 2all will 2oun! o<er a great +any ti+es an! +uch ti+e will 2e lost in fin!ing it. The 6layer stan!s as far as he cares fro+ the sla2s an! throws the 2all against the lower sla2. The 2all i++e!iately re2oun!s to the u6right sla2 an! returns with al+ost as great a force as it was !eli<ere!. If the thrower !oes not throw the 2all e5actly in the sa+e s6ot each ti+e% the 2all will not re2oun! to the sa+e 6lace% conseJuently the eye an! +uscles are traine! to act Juic ly% es6ecially if the 6layer stan!s within 1L or $0 ft. of the sla2s an! throws the 2all with great force. This a66aratus also teaches a 6erson to throw accurately% as a !ifference in ai+ of a few inches on the lower sla2 +ay cause the 2all to flyaway o<er the 6layerCs hea! on the re2oun!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y *. 0. ,ilar% 0a *ayette% In!iana. Ho3 to M $l P8oto#* )8- %/&+' .ut a 6iece of car!2oar! 1 in. longer an! 1 in. wi!er than the +ount of the 6hotogra6h an! lay the 6icture on it in the center. This allows a 1G$=in. 2or!er on all si!es of the 6hotogra6h. 7unch two holes 1 in. a6art at (% B% . an! D% *ig. 1% in the car!2oar! 2or!er close to the e!ge of the 6icture. 7ut a string u6 through the hole B% *ig. $% then across the corner of the 6hotogra6h an! !own through the hole . an! u6 through hole D% then to #% etc.% until the starting 6oint ( is reache!% an! tie the en!s. The 6hotogra6h will not get !a+age!% if it is co<ere! with tissue 6a6er an! 6lace! with the face to the car!2oar!. The e5tension 2or!er of car!2oar! 6re<ents the e!ges of the +ount fro+ 2eing !a+age! an! the corners

Bac for Mailing 7hoto fro+ wearing. Both car!2oar! an! 6hotogra6h are wra66e! together in 6a6er% an! the 6ac age is rea!y for +ailing. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #arl D. Hastings% .orinth% Vt. A M<-t$0<$"# W t(8 T*$(, %/&/' Borrow a watch fro+ one of the au!ience an! allow the owner to 6lace it in the 2o5% as shown in *ig. 1. This 2o5 shoul! 2e a2out ' in. long% I in. wi!e an! $=1G$ in. !ee6% says the Scientific (+erican. It shoul! 2e 6ro<i!e! with a hinge! co<er% M% with a loc % /. The tric y 6art of this 2o5 is the si!e S% which is 6i<ote! at T 2y !ri<ing two short nails into it% one through the front si!e an!Z the other through the 2ac % so that when S is 6ushe! in at the to6% it swings aroun! as shown in *ig. 1 an! allows the watch to sli!e out into the 6erfor+erCs han!. The si!e S shoul! fit tightly when close!% so that the 2o5 +ay 2e e5a+ine! without 2etraying the secret. (s the si!e S e5ten!s !own to the 2otto+ of the 2o5% it facilitates the use of the fingers in 6ulling outwar! at the lower 6an while the thu+2 is 6ressing inwar! at the to6 6art. The si!e of the 2o5 o66osite S shoul! 2e 2uilt u6 in the sa+e way% 2ut not 6i<ote!. 1se a flat=2otto+ tu+2ler% (% *ig. $% containing an inner cone% B% for the re6ro!uction of the watch. The cone is +a!e of car!2oar! 6aste! together so it fits snugly insi!e of the tu+2ler. The cone is close! e5ce6t at the 2otto+% then 2ran is 6aste! on the outsi!e surfaces to +a e the tu+2ler a66ear as if fille! with 2ran when it is in 6lace. 7lace the tu+2ler with the cone insi!e on a ta2le so+ewhat in the 2ac groun!. 7ut so+e loose 2ran on to6 of the cone an! allow the cor % attache! as shown in B% *ig. $% to hang !own on the outsi!e of the tu+2ler% away fro+ the au!ience. ( large han! erchief shoul! 2e lai! 2esi!e the tu+2ler. (fter the watch has 2een 6lace! in the 2o5% *ig. 1% the 6erfor+er ta es the 2o5 in his left han!% an! while in the act of loc ing it with his right han! secures 6ossession of the watch as 6re<iously e56laine!. Tossing the ey to the owner of the watch% the 6erfor+er 6laces the 2o5 on a chair or ta2le near the au!ience an!% with the watch securely 6al+e!% wal s 2ac to get the tu+2ler. Stan!ing !irectly in front of the tu+2ler with his 2ac towar! the au!ience% the 6erfor+er

7arts for the Eatch Tric Juic ly raises the cone with his right han!% lays the watch in the 2otto+ of the tu+2ler an! re6laces the cone. The loa!e! tu+2ler an! the han! erchief are then 2rought forwar!% an! the for+er is 6lace! in full <iew of the au!ience with the cor hanging !own 2ehin! it. The 6erfor+er calls attention to the tu+2ler 2eing full of 2ran an! 6ic s u6 so+e of it fro+ the to6 to su2stantiate his state+ent. He then s6rea!s the han! erchief o<er the tu+2ler% co++an!s the watch to 6ass fro+ the 2o5 into the tu+2ler an! the 2ran to !isa66ear. The 2o5 is then han!e! to the owner of the watch so that he +ay unloc it with the ey he hol!s. (s soon as the 2o5 is foun! to 2e e+6ty% the 6erfor+er gras6s the han! erchief s6rea! o<er the tu+2ler% also the cor tie! to the cone. Daising the han! erchief% he carries u6 the cone within it% lea<ing the watch in the 2otto+ to 2e re= turne! to its owner. Lo(,$"# Se1e* l D* 3e*- 3$t8 O"e Lo(, %/&2' ( series or row of !rawers can 2e secure! with one loc 2y using the

!e<ice shown in the s etch. This +etho! ta es away se<eral !angling loc s an! the carrying of +any eys. ( ro! is use! through the <arious sta6les o<er the has6s. The ro! is u6set on one en! an! flattene! to +a e sufficient +etal for !rilling a hole large enough to insert the 2ar of a 6a!loc . If the 2ar is +a!e of steel an! har!ene!% it is al+ost i+6ossi2le to cut it in two. ==.ontri2ute! 2y *. E. Bentley% Huron% S. Da . Te-t$"# S! ll Ele(t*$( L !)- %/&2' The acco+6anying s etch shows the construction of a han!y !e<ice for testing +iniature electric lights. The 2ase is +a!e to ta e in an electric flash la+6 2attery. Two stri6s of 2rass% . an! D% are connecte! to the 2attery. The la+6 is teste! 2y

0a+6 Tester 6utting the +etal en! on the lower 2rass stri6 an! the si!e against the u66er one. ( great nu+2er of la+6s can 2e teste! in a short ti+e 2y +eans of this !e<ice. == .ontri2ute! 2y (2ner B. Shaw% /orth Dart+outh% Mass. Ho3 to M ,e P$" B ll %/&2'

The 6in 2all shown in the illustration is +a!e of calfs in +o!eling leather an! sa!!lerCs felt. Two 6ieces of leather are use!% an! one 6iece of felt% all three 2eing cut circular to a !ia+eter of a2out ' in. The felt +ay 2e a2out 1G$ in. thic % an! leather of a !ee6 2rown color is reco++en!e!. Moisten the leather on the 2ac si!e with as +uch water as it will ta e without showing through the face. 0ay it on a sheet of hea<y glass or co66er% or other har!% s+ooth% nona2sor2ent +aterial. 7lace the !esign% which has 2een 6re<iously 6re6are!% o<er the face of the leather. In!ent the outline of the !esign with a nut6ic or any other 6ointe! tool that will not cut the leather. De+o<e the 6attern% an! go

Ma!e of 0eather an! *elt o<er the outline again to !ee6en the tool +ar s. The s6ace 2etween the 2or!er an! the !esign is now sta+6e! with a cu66ointe! nail set% care 2eing ta en not to cut the leather% es6ecially if the tool 2e new. Du22ing the e!ges of the nail set o<er a 6iece of e+ery 6a6er will ser<e to !ull the+% if they are too shar6.

Ehen the !esigns ha<e 2een wor e! on the leather% 6aste or glue the leather to the two si!es of the 2elt% an! 6unch a hole in the center through which to 6lace a cor! for hanging u6 the 2all. Cle "$"# Wood3o*, %/&5' (n easy +etho! of re+o<ing the !irt an! ol! <arnish at the sa+e ti+e aroun! a itchen sin is tol! 2y a corres6on!ent of /ational MagaBine as follows4 Ma e a soft soa6 fro+ co++on yellow laun!ry soa6% an! when it is al+ost col! stir in one ta2les6oonful of concentrate! lye an! one=half cu6ful of erosene. Ehen the +i5ture 2eco+es a hea<y 6aste% it is rea!y to 2e s6rea! o<er the woo!wor with a 6aint 2rush. (llow the soa6 to re+ain for a !ay an! a half% then wash it off with 6lenty of hot water. The woo!wor will 2e clean an! rea!y for <arnishing when it !ries out. B$ll F$le M de o0 Co*,-(*e3- %/&5' (n or!inary cor screw +a es a con<enient file for s+all 2ills or +e+oran!a. It +ay 2e thrown in any 6osition without !anger of the 6a6ers sli66ing off. ( rac to hol! a nu+2er of files can 2e +a!e of a woo! stri6 :*ig. 1; fitte! with hoo s or screw eyes cut in a hoo sha6e% as shown in *ig. $%

Bill *ile Single 2ills +ay 2e se6arate! fro+ the others an! will re+ain se6arate! as in *ig. '. == .ontri2ute! 2y Ja+es M. Fane% Doylestown% 7a. O*" !e"t l Met l I",-t "d %/&5' The +etal reJuire! for +a ing this stan! is 'G1) in. in wi!th an! +ay 2e

In stan! an! Details of *ra+e

steel% 2rass or co66er. The sha6ing is !one as shown in *igs. $ an! '. There are% in all% eight 6ieces to 2e 2ent. The two su66orts are each for+e! of one 6iece of +etal with the e5ce6tion that the en! scroll 6ieces on the un!er si!e are +a!e se6arately. #ight ri<ets are reJuire! to fasten the two horiBontal rings to the su66orts. The glass rece6tacle can 2e 6urchase! at a stationery store. Hold$"# E<e#l --e- F$*! %/&5' 7ersons who wear noseglasses an! who are trou2le! with e5cessi<e 6ers6iration% shoul! chal the si!es of the 2ri!ge of the nose 2efore 6utting on the glasses. The latter will then ne<er sli6% e<en in the war+est weather. If the chal shows% use a 6in stic % which can 2e 6urchase! fro+ any art school or su66ly store. S4.-t$t4te 0o* G4!!ed P )e* %/&5' 9u++e! 6a6er is a great con<enience in the ho+e es6ecially for la2els% 2ut it is not always foun! a+ong the househol! su66lies. The gu++e! 6ortions of unseale! en<elo6es in which circulars are recei<e! can 2e utiliBe! for this 6ur6ose. @uite a large la2el +ay 2e +a!e fro+ these en<elo6e fla6s. Re) $*$"# B*o,e" P8o"o#* )8 S)*$"# %/&6'

(s I li<e a great !istance fro+ a railroa! station% I !i! not care to 6ay the 6rice% an! await the ti+e necessary to !eli<er a new 6honogra6h s6ring to re6lace one that 2ro e in +y +achine% an! I re6aire! the ol! one in a cre!ita2le +anner as follows4 I force! the two en!s of the 2rea out where I coul! get at the+% then heate! each en! se6arately with a 6air of re! hot tongs an! turne! a hoo or la6 on the+ the sa+e as the 8oints in noc =!own sto<e6i6es. Ehen the en!s were hoo e! together% the s6ring wor e! as goo! as new. The heate! 6ortion !i! not affect the strength of the s6ring. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Marion 7. Eheeler% 9reenleaf% ,regon. C ll- W8$le Yo4 A*e O4t %/&6' If you wish to now whether or not the !oor or tele6hone 2ell rings !uring your a2sence% 6lace a little ri!er of 6a6er or car!2oar! on the cla66er in such a way that it will 2e !islo!ge! if the 2ell rings. A S! ll Be"(8 L t8e M de o0 P$)e F$tt$"#- %/&6' The +ost i+6ortant +achine in use in the +o!ern +achine or woo!=wor ing sho6 is the lathe. The uses to which this won!erful +achine can 2e 6ut woul! 2e too nu+erous to !escri2e% 2ut there is har!ly a +echanical o6eration in which the turning lathe !oes not figure. *or this reason e<ery a+ateur +echanic an! woo!=wor er who has a wor sho6% no +atter how s+all% is an5ious to 6ossess a lathe of so+e

*ig. 1=Details of 0athe sort. ( goo! an! su2stantial ho+e+a!e lathe% which is suita2le for woo!turning an! light +etal wor % +ay 2e constructe! fro+ 6i6e an! 6i6e fittings as shown in the acco+6anying s etch. The 2e! of this lathe is +a!e of a 6iece of 1=in. 6i6e% a2out '0 in. long. It can 2e +a!e longer or shorter% 2ut if it is +a!e +uch longer% a larger siBe of 6i6e shoul! 2e use!. The hea!stoc is +a!e of two tees% 8oine! 2y a stan!ar! long ni66le as shown in *ig. 1. (ll the 8oints shoul! 2e screwe! u6 tight an! then fastene! with 'G1)=in. 6ins to ee6 the+ fro+ turning. The en!s of the 2e! are fi5e! to the 2ase2oar! 2y +eans of el2ows% ni66les an! flanges arrange! as shown. The two 2earings in the hea!stoc are of 2rass. The s6in!le hole shoul! 2e !rille! an! rea+e! after they are screwe! in 6lace in the tee. The s6in!le shoul! 2e of steel an! long enough to reach through the 2earing an! 6ulley an! ha<e enough en! left for the center 6oint. The 6oint shoul! e5ten! a2out 1= 1G$ in. out fro+ the collar. The collar can 2e turne! or shrun on the s6in!le as !esire!. The en! of the s6in!le shoul! 2e threa!e! to recei<e a chuc . The tailstoc is also +a!e of two tees 8oine! 2y a ni66le. The lower tee shoul! 2e 2ore! out for a sli!ing fit on the 2e! 6i6e. The u66er one shoul! 2e ta66e! with a +achine ta6 for the s6in!le which is threa!e! to fit it. The

s6in!le has a han!le fitte! at one en! an! has the other en! 2ore! out for the tail stoc center. Both the tail stoc an! the hea!stoc center6oints shoul! 2e har!ene!. ( cla+6 for hol!ing the tail stoc s6in!le is +a!e of a 6iece of stra6 iron% 2ent an! !rille! as shown. It is hel! together 2y +eans of a s+all +achine screw an! a nurle! nut. The tee shoul! ha<e a slot cut in it a2out one=half its length an! it shoul! also ha<e one 2ea! file! away so that the cla+6 will fit tightly o<er it. The han! rest is +a!e fro+ a ta6ering el2ow% a tee an! a forging. The forging can 2e +a!e 2y a 2lac s+ith at a s+all e56ense. Both the lower

tees of the han!rest an! the tailstoc shoul! 2e 6ro<i!e! with screw cla+6s to hol! the+ in 6lace. The 6ulley is +a!e of har!woo! 6ieces% 'GI or 1 in. thic as !esire!. It is fastene! to the s6in!le 2y +eans of a screw% as shown in *ig. $% or a ey can 2e use! as well. .are +ust 2e ta en to get the tailstoc center <ertically o<er the 2e!% else ta6er turning will result. To !o this% a straight line shoul! 2e scratche!

*ig. I=.huc on the to6 of the 2e! 6i6e% an! when the tail stoc is set e5actly <ertical% a corres6on!ing line +a!e on this. This will sa<e a great !eal of ti+e an! trou2le an! 6ossi2ly so+e errors. The two !esigns of chuc s shown in *igs. ' an! I are <ery easy to +a e% an! will answer for a great <ariety of wor . (s the !etails are clearly shown an! the general !i+ensions gi<en on the acco+6anying s etches% it shoul! not 2e a !ifficult +atter for the young +echanic to construct this +achine. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. M. Hel!% 0a6orte% In!iana. Holde* 0o* Fle9$.le L !)7Co*d %/&7' The hol!er is +a!e of a roun! stic ==a 6iece of a 2roo+ han!le will !o==as shown in *ig. 1. It is a2out 1 in. long with two notches cut out for the stran!s of the cor!. These hol!ers are easily +a!e an! will answer the 6ur6ose al+ost as well as the ones +a!e in 6orcelain. 7ainting or ena+eling will i+6ro<e not only their a66earance% 2ut also their insulating 6ro6erties.

.eiling=.or! Hol!er Se<eral of the+ can 2e use! along a line% as shown in *ig. $. ==.ontri2ute! 2y M. Musgro<e% Boisse<ain% Man. S4))o*t 0o* Do4.le Clot8e-l$"e- %/&8' (nyone using a !ou2le clothesline o<er 6ulleys will fin! the arrange+ent shown in *ig. 1 for su66orting the lower line Juite con<enient. The su66ort is +a!e of a 6iece of 'GI=in. sJuare or roun! woo! which has a screw=eye turne! into each en!. The line is run through these screw=eyes as shown in *ig. $. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. E. 16= De9raff% *ruit<ale% .al.

Hol!er on a .lothesline Hot P " o* Pl te L$0te* %/&8' 1nless a 6erson uses consi!era2le caution% 2a! 2urns +ay 2e suffere! when ta ing hot 6ies fro+ an o<en. If one reaches in an! ta es hol! of the 6ie 6an with a cloth% the ar+ is lia2le to touch the o<en !oor an! recei<e a

0ifter on 7ie 7an 2urn. To o2<iate this% I +a!e the !e<ice shown in the s etch for lifting hot 6ie 6ans an! 6lates. The han!le is of 6ine a2out 18 in. long% an! the two loo6s are +a!e of hea<y wire. The en!s of the first loo6 of wire are 6ut through the han!le fro+ the 2ac % as shown% an! then 2ent so as to stan! out at an angle. The secon! loo6 is hinge! to swing free on the o66osite si!e of the han!le. In use% the hinge! si!e of the loo6 is !ro66e! un!er one e!ge of a 6late or 6an an! the rigi! loo6 is then hoo e! un!er the o66osite si!e. The weight of the 6an or !ish !raws the loo6s together an! there is little or no !anger of a s6ill. The sa+e lifter will 6ic u6 any siBe of 6late or 6an fro+ a saucer to the largest 6ie 6lates. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #. J. .line% *t. S+ith% (r . We$#8t$"# I"d$ " Cl4.- %/&8'

(n or!inary In!ian clu2 can 2e fi5e! so that !ifferent weights +ay 2e ha! without changing clu2s. #ach clu2 is 2ore! to recei<e lea! washers which are hel! in 6lace 2y a s6iral s6ring. ( 2olt is run through fro+ the han!le en! an! fastene! with a roun! nut. The lea! washers an! s6ring sli6 o<er the 2olt as shown in the illustration. .hanging the nu+2er of washers changes the weight of the clu2. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Ealter E. Ehite% Den<er% .olo. Ve"t$"# F4""el %/&8'

Ehen using a tight=fitting funnel in a s+all=nec 2ottle% trou2le is usually e56erience! 2y the air causing a s6ill. This can 2e easily re+e!ie! 2y s6litting a +atch in half an! tying the 6arts on the si!es of the ste+ with threa!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Maurice Bau!ier% /ew ,rleans% 0a. L4.*$( t$"# Wood-(*e3- %/&8' ( screw +ay 2e turne! into har!woo! easily% 2y 2oring a s+all hole an! lu2ricating the screw threa!s with soft soa6. To M ,e BCe"te*$"#B U""e(e-- *< %/&:' *or !rilling a hole in a chuc e! 6iece% centering is 8ust one o6eration too +any% if this +etho! is followe!4 *irst% face off the en! of the 6iece% +a ing a true s6ot at least as 2ig as the !ia+eter of the !rill. 7ut a center 6unch +ar where the tool lines in!icate the center of re<olution. This ser<es as a rough gui!e for 6lacing the !rill 2etween the tail stoc center an! the wor as usual. .la+6 a tool in the tool=6ost an!% on starting the lathe% 2ring it in contact with the !rill an! ee6 it fir+ly so until the !rill is in fully u6 to the li6s. This 6re<ents the !rill fro+ wo22ling% an! when once in true u6 to its siBe% it cannot change any +ore than un!er any other starting con!itions. (fter 2eing entere!% the !rill !oes not nee! the tool% which shoul! 2e 2ac e! out of contact. Fo4"t $" Pe" C ) U-ed R4le* %/&:'

Ehen it is necessary to !raw a short line an! there is no ruler at han!% ta e

Duling 0ines off the ca6 of your fountain 6en an! use it as a ruler. If the ca6 is fitte! with a retaining cli6% all the 2etter% as this will 6ro<e a safeguar! against sli66ing. V "$-8$"# H "d,e*(8$e0 T*$(, %/&:' The necessary articles use! in 6erfor+ing this tric are the han! erchief% <anishing wan!% a long 6iece of glass tu2ing% a 2out 1G$ in. shorter t h a n the wan!% an! a 6a6er tu2e close! at one en! an! co<ere! with a ca6 at the other% says the S6hin5. The han! erchief ro!% shown at .% is conceale! in the 6a6er tu2e ( 2efore the 6erfor+ance. The glass tu2e B% after 2eing shown e+6tyH is 6ut into the 6a6er tu2e (% so that the han! erchief ro! now is within it% un nown to the s6ectators. The han! erchief is then 6lace! o<er

the o6ening of the tu2e an! 6ushe! in 2y +eans of the wan!. In !oing this% the han! erchief an! the ro! are 6ushe! into the wan!% as shown in D. (fter the wan! is re+o<e!% the ca6 is 6lace! o<er the 6a6er tu2e% an! this gi<en to so+eone to hol!. The co++an! for the han! erchief to <anish is gi<en% an! it is foun! to 2e gone when the glass tu2e is ta en out of the 6a6er co<er. This is a no<el way of +a ing a han! erchief <anish. It can 2e use! in a great nu+2er of tric s% an! can 2e <arie! to suit the 6er= for+er. Re!o1$"# Gl -- Lette*- 0*o! W$"do3- %/&:' 9lass letters are re+o<e! in the sa+e way as +etal letters% 2y a66lying caustic so!a or

6otash aroun! the e!ges of the letters. (s the ce+ent softens% +ani6ulate the 6oint of a 6oc et nife un!er the e!ges of the letter until the caustic wor s co+6letely un!er an! +a es it easy to lift the letters. Eith care an! 6atience% e<ery letter +ay 2e thus ta en off without 2rea age. A G4$t * T8 t I- E -< to M ,e %/+0' ( guitar ha<ing straight lines% gi<ing it an ol!=fashione! a66earance% can 2e +a!e 2y the ho+e +echanic% an! if care is ta en in selecting the +aterial% an! ha<ing it thoroughly

Details of 9uitar seasone!% the finishe! instru+ent will ha<e a fine tone. The si!es% en!s an! 2otto+ are +a!e of har! woo!% 6refera2ly har! +a6le% an! the to6 shoul! 2e +a!e of a thoroughly seasone! 6iece of soft 6ine. The !i+ensione! 6ieces reJuire! are as follows4 1 To6. 'G1). 2y 1I 2y 17 in. 1 Botto+. 'G1) 2y 1I 2y 17 in. $ Si!es. 'G1) 2y '=LG8 2y 1)='GI in. 1% #n!. 'G1) 2y '=LG8 2y 1'=1G8 in. 1 #n!. 'G1) 2y '=LG8 2y &=LG) in. 1 /ec . 1 2y $=LG1) 2y 18=1G$ in. 1 *inger2oar! LG1) 2y $=LG8 2y 1) in. .ut the finger2oar! ta6ering an! fasten 6ieces cut fro+ hat6ins with s+all wire sta6les for frets. (ll !i+ensions for cutting an! setting are shown in the s etch. The nec is cut ta6ering fro+ 9 to * an! fro+ J to *% with the 2ac si!e roun!ing. ( !raw nife is the 6ro6er tool for sha6ing the nec . .ut a 6iece of har! woo!% 1GI in. sJuare an! 1=7G8 in. long% an! glue it to the nec at *. 9lue the finger2oar! to the nec an! hol! it secure with cla+6s while the glue sets. The 2race at D is 1 in. thic % cut to any sha6e !esire!. The si!es are glue! together an! then the front is glue! on the+. 7lace so+e hea<y weights on to6 an! gi<e the glue ti+e to !ry. *asten 6ieces of soft woo! in the corners for 2races. 9lue the nec to the 2o5% +a ing it secure 2y the a!!ition of a carriage 2olt at (. ( s+all 2loc . is glue! to the en! to reinforce it for the 2olt. 9lue stri6s of soft woo!% as shown 2y F% across the front an! 2ac to strengthen the+. The 2ac is then glue! on an! the outsi!e s+oothe! with san!6a6er. Ma e the 2otto+ 2ri!ge 2y using an ol! hat6in or wire of the sa+e siBe for # secure! with 6in sta6les. 9lue the 2ri!ge on the to6 at a 6lace that will +a e the !istance fro+ the 2ri!ge * to the 2otto+ 2ri!ge # 8ust $I in. This !i+ension an! those for the frets

shoul! 2e +a!e accurately. Si5 holes% 'G1) in. in !ia+eter% are !rille! in the 2otto+ 2ri!ge for 6ins. The turning 6lugs B an! strings can 2e 6urchase! at any +usic store. == .ontri2ute! 2y J. H. Sto!!ar!% .ar2on!ale%7a. G*e -$"# t8e F*o"t W8eel- o0 " A4to!o.$le %/+0' The front wheel 2earings of an auto+o2ile can 2e grease! without re+o<ing the wheels in the following +anner4 De+o<e the hu2 ca6s an! fill the+ with hea<y grease an! then screw the+ in 6lace. .ontinue this o6eration until the grease is force! 2etween all the 2earings an! out through the s+all clearance on the o66osite si!e of the wheels. This shoul! 2e !one at least once e<ery +onth to ee6 2earings well lu2ricate! an! free fro+ grit. Dirt cannot enter a well fille! 2earing as easily as +u!!y water can enter a !ry 2earing. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .has. #. *rary% /orwal % ,. Re!o1$"# Mold %/+0' Mol! on wall6a6er can 2e re+o<e! at once 2y a66lying a solution of 1 6art salicylic aci! in I 6arts of &LW alcohol. HOW TO MA>E A PAPER BOAT %/+&' ( 0ight Boat That .an Be #asily .arrie! /ow you +ight thin it a2sur! to a!<ise +a ing a 6a6er 2oat% 2ut it is not% an! you will fin! it in so+e res6ects an! for so+e 6ur6oses 2etter than the woo!en 2oat. Ehen it is co+6lete! you will ha<e a canoe% 6ro2a2ly eJual to the In!ianCs 2ar canoe. /ot only will it ser<e as an i!eal fishing 2oat% 2ut when you want to co+2ine hunting an! fishing you can 6ut your 2oat on your shoul!ers an! carry it fro+ 6lace to 6lace where<er you want to go an! at the sa+e ti+e carry your gun in your han!. The +aterial use! in its construction is ine56ensi<e an! can 2e 6urchase! for a few !ollars.

The 7a6er Boat Is 0ight an! #asy to 7ro6el Ma e a fra+e :*ig. 1; on which to stretch the 6a6er. ( 2oar! 1 in. thic an! a2out 1 ft. wi!e an! 11=1G$ ft. long is use! for a eel% or 2ac 2one% an! is cut ta6ering for a2out a thir! of its length% towar! each en!% an! 2e<ele!

Detail of *ra+ewor .onstruction on the outer e!ges :(% *ig. $;. The cross=2oar!s :B% B% *ig. $; are ne5t sawe! fro+ a 6ine 2oar! 1 in. thic . Sha6e these as shown 2y (% *ig. I% 1' in. wi!e 2y $) in. long% an! cut away in the center to a<oi! useless weight. *asten the+ cross=wise to the 2otto+ 2oar! as shown in *ig. 1 an! $% with long stout screws% so as to !i<i!e the eel into three nearly eJual 6arts. Then a!! the ste+ an! stern 6ieces :.% .% *ig. $;. These are 2etter% 6ro2a2ly% when +a!e of green el+. Screw the 6ieces to the 2otto+=2oar! an! 2en! the+% as shown in *ig. $% 2y +eans of a string or wire% fastene! to a nail !ri<en into the 2otto+. (ny tough% light woo! that is not easily 2ro en when 2en!ing will !o. 9reen woo! is 6refera2le% 2ecause it will retain the sha6e in which it has 2een 2ent 2etter after !rying. *or the gunwales :a% a% *ig. ';% 6rocure at a carriage factory% or other 6lace% so+e tight stri6s of ash% 'G8 in. thic . /ail the+ to the cross2oar!s an! fasten to the en! 6ieces :.% .%; in notches% 2y se<eral wra66ings of anneale! iron wire or co66er wire% as shown in *ig. '. .o66er wire is 2etter 2ecause it is less a6t to rust. *or fastening the gunwales to the cross2oar!s use nails instea! of screws% 2ecause the nails are not a6t to loosen an! co+e out. The ri2s% which are easily +a!e of long% slen!er switches of osier willow% or si+ilar +aterial% are ne5t 6ut in% 2ut 2efore !oing this% two stri6s of woo! :2% 2% *ig. '; shoul! 2e 2ent an! 6lace! as in *ig. '. They are use! only te+6orarily as a gui!e in 6utting in the ri2s% an! are not fastene!% the elasticity of the woo! 2eing sufficient to cause the+ to retain their 6osition. The osiers +ay a<erage a little +ore than 1G$ in. in thic ness an! shoul! 2e cut% stri66e! of lea<es an! 2ar an! 6ut in 6lace while green an! fresh. They are attache! to the 2otto+ 2y +eans of shingle nails !ri<en through holes 6re<iously +a!e in the+ with an awl% an! are then 2ent !own until they touch the stri6s of ash :2% 2% *ig. ';% an! finally cut off e<en with the to6s of the gunwales% an! notche! at the en! to recei<e the+ :B% *ig. I;. Between the cross=2oar!s the ri2s are 6lace! at inter<als of $ or ' in.% while in other 6arts they are as +uch as L or ) in. a6art. The ri2s ha<ing all 2een fastene! in 6lace as !escri2e!% the loose stri6s of ash :2% 2% *ig. '; are with!rawn an! the fra+ewor will a66ear so+ewhat as in *ig. 1. In or!er to +a e all fir+ an! to 6re<ent the ri2s fro+ changing 6osition% as they are a6t to !o% 2uy so+e s6lit cane or rattan% such as is use! for +a ing chair2otto+s% an!% after soa ing it in water for a short ti+e to ren!er it soft an! 6lia2le% win! it tightly aroun! the gunwales an! ri2s where they 8oin% an! also interwea<e it a+ong the ri2s in other 6laces% win!ing it a2out the+ an! for+ing an irregular networ o<er the whole fra+e. ,siers 6ro2a2ly +a e the 2est ri2s% 2ut twigs of so+e other trees% such as haBel or 2irch% will answer nearly as well. *or the ri2s near the +i!!le of the 2oat% twigs L or ) ft. long are reJuire!. It is often Juite !ifficult to get these of sufficient thic ness throughout% an! so% in such cases% two twigs +ay 2e use! to +a e one ri2% fastening the 2utts si!e 2y si!e on the 2otto+=2oar!% an! the s+aller en!s to the gunwales% as 2efore !escri2e!. In !rying% the rattan 2eco+es <ery tight an! the twigs har! an! stiff.

I+6ortant *eatures of .onstruction The fra+e=wor is now co+6lete an! rea!y to 2e co<ere!. *or this 6ur6ose 2uy a2out 18 y!. of <ery strong wra66ing=6a6er. It shoul! 2e s+ooth on the surface% an! <ery tough% 2ut neither stiff nor <ery thic . Being +a!e in long rolls% it can 2e o2taine! in al+ost any length !esire!. If the 6a6er 2e 1 y!. wi!e% it will reJuire a2out two 2rea!ths to reach aroun! the fra+e in the wi!est 6art. .ut enough of the roll to co<er the fra+e an! then soa it for a few +inutes in water. Then turn the fra+e u6si!e !own an! fasten the e!ges of the two stri6s of 6a6er to it% 2y la66ing the+ carefully on the un!er si!e of the 2otto+=2oar! an! tac ing the+ to it so that the 6a6er hangs !own loosely on all si!es. The 6a6er is then tri++e!% la66e! an! !ou2le! o<er as s+oothly as 6ossi2le at the en!s of the fra+e% an! hel! in 6lace 2y +eans of s+all cla+6s. It shoul! 2e !rawn tight along the e!ges% tri++e! an! !ou2le! !own o<er the gunwale% where it is fir+ly hel! 2y sli66ing the stri6s of ash :2% 2; 8ust insi!e of the gunwales into notches which shoul! ha<e 2een cut at the en!s of the cross=2oar!s. The shrin age cause! 2y the !rying will stretch the 6a6er tightly o<er the fra+ewor . Ehen thoroughly !ry% <arnish insi!e an! out with as6haltu+ <arnish thinne! with tur6entine% an! as soon as that has soa e! in% a66ly a secon! coat of the sa+e <arnish% 2ut with less tur6entineH an! finally co<er the la6s or 8oints of the 6a6er with 6ieces of +uslin stuc on with thic <arnish. /ow re+o<e the loose stri6s of ash an! 6ut on another layer of 6a6er% fastening it along the e!ge of the 2oat 2y re6lacing the stri6s as 2efore. Ehen the 6a6er is !ry% co<er the la6s with +uslin as was !one with the first co<ering. Then <arnish the whole outsi!e of the 2oat se<eral ti+es until it 6resents a s+ooth shining surface. Then ta e so+e of the s6lit rattan an!% after wetting it% win! it fir+ly aroun! 2oth gunwales an! insi!e stri6% 6assing it through s+all holes 6unche! in the 6a6er 8ust 2elow the gunwale% until the insi!e an! outsi!e stri6s are 2oun! together into one strong gunwale. Then 6ut a 6iece of oil=cloth in the 2oat 2etween the cross=2oar!s% tac ing it to the 2otto+=2oar!. This is !one to 6rotect the 2otto+ of the 2oat. /ow you +ay alrea!y ha<e a canoe that is 6erfectly water=tight% an! stea!y in the water% if it has 2een 6ro6erly constructe! of goo! +aterial. If not% howe<er% in a few !ays you +ay 2e !isa66ointe! to fin! that it is 2eco+ing lea y. Then the 2est re+e!y is to co<er the whole 2oat with un2leache! +uslin% sewe! at the en!s an! tac e! along the gunwales. Then tighten it 2y shrin ing an! finally gi<e it at least three coats of a +i5ture of <arnish an! 6aint. This will !ou2tless sto6 the lea ing entirely an! will a!! 2ut little to either the weight or cost. Dig the 2oat with woo!en or iron row loc s :B% B% *ig. L;% 6refera2ly iron% an! light oars. -ou +ay 6ut in

,ff for a Hunt se<eral e5tra thwarts or cross=stic s% fore an! aft% an! +a e a +o<a2le seat :(% *ig. L.; Eith this you will !ou2tless fin! your 2oat so satisfactory that you will +a e no +ore changes. *or carrying the 2oat it is con<enient to +a e a sort of short yo e :.% *ig. L;% which 2rings all the weight u6on the shoul!ersH an! thus lightens the la2or an! +a es it <ery han!y to carry. To H "# He 1< T8$"#- o" N $l %/+/'

Boys will fin! +any 6laces aroun!

the house% where a hoo to hang things on will 2e a great con<enience. Instea! of 2uying hoo s use wire nails% an! if !ri<en as shown in the cut% they will su66ort <ery hea<y weights. Dri<e the lower nail first. A Ho!e7M de Elde*.e**< H4lle* %/+2' (s we ha! only one !ay to 6ic el!er2erries% we wante! to get as +any of the+ as we coul! in that ti+e. Ee coul! 6ic the+ faster than they coul! 2e hulle! 2y han! so we +a!e a huller to ta e along with us to hull the 2erries as fast as they were 6ic e!. Ee 6rocure! a 2o5 an! +a!e a fra+e% *ig. 1% to fit it easily% then +a!e another fra+e the sa+e siBe an! 6ut a 6iece of wire +esh 2etween the+ as shown in *ig. $% allowing a s+all 6ortion of the +esh to stic out of the fra+es. The to6 fra+e woul! ee6 the 2erries fro+ rolling or 8u+6ing off% an! the 2otto+ fra+e e6t the wire +esh an! fra+e fro+ 2eing sha en off the 2o5. The 6ro8ecting e!ges of the +esh woul! ee6 the fra+e on the to6 e!ge of the 2o5. The to6 <iew of the fra+e is shown in *ig. 1 an! the en! in

*ig. L% an! the 2o5 on which the fra+e rests in *ig. '. The actual siBe of the wire +esh use! is shown in *ig. I. ,ne 6erson coul! hull with this huller as +any 2erries as two 6ersons woul! 6ic . ==.ontri2ute! 2y (l2ert /ie+ann% 7itts2urg% 7a.

Details of the #l!er2erry Huller Ho3 to M ,e B4l. o" Gl -- T4.e %/+2'

(s a great +any 6ersons !uring the winter +onths are ta ing a!<antage of the long e<enings to e56eri+ent in one way or another% the following +etho! of for+ing 2ul2s on glass tu2es +ay 2e of interest. ( co++on +etho! is to heat the 6art to 2e for+e! an! 2y 2lowing in one en! of the tu2e gra!ually e56an! the glass. This way has its !raw2ac s% as +any are not sufficiently fa+iliar with the wor to 2low a unifor+ 2last% an! the result is% a hole is 2lown through the si!e of the tu2e 2y une<en heating or 2lowing. ( goo! way to han!le this wor % is to ta e the tu2e an! 1 or $ in. +ore in length than the finishe! article is to 2e an! 6lace one en! o<er an alcohol fla+e% an! 2y hol!ing a s6are 6iece of tu2ing against the en! allow the+ 2oth to co+e to a +elting heat% then 6ull a6art an! instea! of 2rea ing off the long threa! thus for+e!% si+6ly hol! it in the fla+e at an angle of IL !eg. an! +elt it !own an! close the en! at the sa+e ti+e. .lose the other en! with the sa+e o6erationH this +a es the tu2e airtight. 9ra!ually heat the tu2e at the 6oint where the 2ul2 is to 2e for+e!% slowly turning the tu2e to get a unifor+ heat. The air insi!e of the tu2e 2eco+ing heate! will e56an!% an! the glass% 2eing softer where the fla+e has 2een a66lie!% will 2e 6ushe! out in the sha6e of a 2ul2. ( great !eal of care shoul! 2e ta en not to go to e5tre+es% as the 2ul2 will 2urst with a lou! re6ort if the heat is a66lie! too long. The 2est results are o2taine! 2y heating the glass slowly an! then the 2ul2 can 2e for+e! with regularity. This is an easy

way to +a e a ther+o+eter tu2e. (fter the 2ul2 is for+e!% the other en! of the tu2e can 2e o6ene! 2y heating% !rawing out an! 2rea ing the threa! li e glass. == .ontri2ute! 2y (. ,swal!. Ho3 to M ,e S(o"(e %/+5'

( sconce is a can!lestic hol!er% so +a!e that it has a reflector of 2rass or co66er an! is to hang u6on the wall. The tools necessary are a ri<eting ha++er% file% +etal shears% ri<et 6unch% flat an! roun!=nose! 6liers% screw!ri<er an! sheet 2rass or co66er /o. $' gauge. To +a e the sconce 6rocee! as follows4 *irst% cut off a 6iece of 2rass so that it shall ha<e 1G$ in. e5tra +etal all aroun!H secon!% with a 6iece of car2on 6a6er% trace u6on the 2rass lines that shall re6resent the +argin of the sconce 6ro6er% also trace the !ecorati<e !esignH thir!% with a nail set +a e a series of holes in the e5tra +argin a2out 'GI in. a6art an! large enough to ta e in a 'GI=in. thin screwH fourth% fasten the +etal to a thic 2oar! 2y inserting screws in these holesH fifth% with a twenty=6enny wire nail that has ha! the shar6ness of its 6oint file! off% sta+6 the 2ac groun! of the !esign 6ro+iscuously. By hol!ing the nail a2out 1GI in. a2o<e the wor an! stri ing it with the ha++er% at the sa+e ti+e stri<ing to ee6 its 6oint at 1GI in. a2o<e the +etal% <ery ra6i! 6rogress can 2e +a!e. This sta+6ing lowers the 2ac groun! an! at the sa+e ti+e raises the !esign. Si5th% chase or sta+6 along the 2or!er of the !esign an! 2ac groun! using a nail file! to a chisel e!ge. This is to +a e a clean shar6 !i<ision 2etween 2ac groun! an! !esign. Se<enth% when the sta+6ing is co+6lete re+o<e the screws an! +etal fro+ the 2oar! an! cut off the e5tra +argin with the +etal shears. *ile the e!ges until they are s+ooth to the touch. The !ri6 cu6 is a 6iece of 2rass cut circular an! sha6e! 2y 6lacing the 2rass o<er a hollow in one en! of a 2loc . 9i<e the +etal a circular +otion% at the sa+e ti+e 2eat it with a roun!=nose! +allet. Eor fro+ the center along concentric rings outwar!% then re<erse. The can!le hol!ers +ay ha<e two% three% four% or si5 ar+s% an! are 2ent to sha6e 2y +eans of the roun!=nose!

.o+6lete! Sconce Sha6ing the Hol!ers Di<eting 6liers. The for+ of the 2rac ets which su66ort the !ri6 cu6s +ay 2e seen in the illustration. Ha<ing 6ierce! the 2rac et% !ri6 cu6% an! hol!er% these three 6arts are ri<ete! together as in!icate! in the !rawing. It will 2e foun! easier usually if the hol!er is not sha6e! until after the ri<eting is !one. The 2rac et is then ri<ete! to the 2ac of the sconce. S+all co66er ri<ets are use!. It is 2etter to 6olish all the 6ieces 2efore fastening any of the+ together. Metal 6olish of any in! will !o. (fter the 6arts ha<e 2een asse+2le! a lacJuer +ay 2e a66lie! to ee6 the +etal fro+ tarnishing. Ho3 To M ,e He(to#* )8 %/+6'

Ma ing .o6ies with the Hectogra6h ( hectogra6h is <ery si+6ly an! easily +a!e an! 2y +eans of it +any co6ies of writing can 2e o2taine! fro+ a single original. Ma e a tray of either tin or 6aste2oar!% a little larger than the sheet of 6a6er you or!inarily use an! a2out 1G$ in. !ee6. Soa 1 oB. of gelatine in col! water o<er night an! in the +orning 6our off the water. Heat )=1G$ oB. of glycerine to a2out $00 !eg. *. on a water 2ath% an! a!! the gelatine. This shoul! gi<e a clear glycerine solution of gelatine. 7lace the tray so that it is 6erfectly le<el an! 6our in the gelatinous co+6osition until it is nearly le<el with the e!ge of the tray. .o<er it so the co<er !oes not touch the surface of the co+6osition an! let it stan! si5 hours% when it will 2e rea!y for use. Ma e the co6y to 2e re6ro!uce! on or!inary 6a6er with aniline in H using a steel 6en% an! +a ing the lines rather hea<y so they ha<e a greenish color in the light. ( goo! in +ay 2e +a!e of +ethyl <iolet $ 6arts% alcohol $ 6arts% sugar 1 6art% glycerine I 6arts% an! water $I 6arts. Dissol<e the <iolet in the alcohol +i5e! with the glycerineH !issol<e the sugar in the water an! +i5 2oth solutions. Ehen the original co6y of the writing is rea!y +oisten the surface of the hectogra6h slightly with a s6onge% lay the co6y face !own u6on it an! s+ooth !own% 2eing careful to e5clu!e all air 2u22les an! not shifting the 6a6er. 0ea<e it nearly a +inute an! raise one corner an! stri6 it fro+ the 6a!% where will re+ain a re<erse! co6y of the inscri6tion. I++e!iately lay a 6iece of writing 6a6er of the right siBe on the 6a!% s+ooth it !own an! then re+o<e as 2efore. It will 2ear a 6erfect co6y of the original. De6eat the o6eration until the nu+2er of co6ies !esire! is o2taine! or until the in on the 6a! is e5hauste!. *ifty. or +ore co6ies can 2e o2taine! fro+ a single original. Ehen through using the hectogra6h wash it off with a +oist s6onge% an! it will 2e rea!y for future use. If the surface is i+6aire! at any ti+e it can 2e re+elte! in a water 2ath an! 6oure! into a tray as 2efore% if it has not a2sor2e! too +uch in . Ho3 to M ,e S $lo!o.$le %/+6' By *ran Mulfor!% Shiloh% /. J.

I ha! rea! of the 2each auto+o2iles use! on the *lori!a coastH they were li e an ice 2oat with a sail% e5ce6t they ha! wheels instea! of runners. So I set to wor to +a e so+ething to ta e +e o<er the country roa!s. I foun! an! use! se<en fence 6ic ets for the fra+e wor % an! other things as they were nee!e!. I s6lice! two ra e han!les together for the +ast% win!ing the en!s where they ca+e together with wire. ( single 6iece woul! 2e 2etter if you can get one long enough. The gaff% which is the stic to which the u66er en! of the sail is fastene!% is a 2roo+stic . The 2oo+% the stic at the 2otto+ of the sail% was +a!e of a ra e han!le with a 2roo+stic s6lice! to +a e it long enough. Mother let +e ha<e a sheet% which I 6ut !own on the floor an! cut into the sha6e of a +ainsail. The win! was the chea6est 6ower to 2e foun!% thus it was utiliBe!H the three wheels were cast=off 2icycle wheels. I steer with the front wheel% which was the front wheel of an ol! 2icycle with the for left on. The a5le 2etween the rear wheels is an iron 2ar which cost +e 1L cents% an! the 6ulley which raises an! lowers the sail cost L cents. Twenty cents was all I s6ent% all the rest I foun!. ( saw% ha++er% an! 2race an! 2it were the tools use!. Slats +a!e the seat an! a cushion fro+ the house +a!e it co+forta2le% an! in a wee

Sailo+o2ile for 1se on .ountry Doa!s e<erything was rea!y for sailing. ,nce it was starte! with only +y little cousin in it an! I ha! to run fast to catch u6. A Ho!e7M de M #$( L "te*" %/+8' The essential 6arts of a +agic lantern are a con!ensing lens to +a e the 2ea+ of light con<erge u6on the sli!e to illu+inate it e<enly% a 6ro8ecting lens

0antern House with which to throw an enlarge! 6icture of the illu+inate! sli!e u6on a screen an! so+e a66liances for 6reser<ing the 6ro6er relation of these 6arts to each other. The 2est of +aterials shoul! 2e use! an! the 6arts 6ut together with care to 6ro!uce a clear 6icture on the screen. The first to +a e is the la+6 house or 2o5 to hol! the light. ,ur illustration shows the construction for an electric light% yet the sa+e 2o5 +ay 2e use! for gas or an oil la+6% 6ro<i!e! the +aterial is of +etal. ( tin 2o5 ha<ing !i+ensions so+ewhere near those gi<en in the !iagra++atic s etch +ay 2e secure! fro+ your local grocer% 2ut if such a 2o5 is not foun!% one can 2e +a!e fro+ a 6iece of tin cut as shown in *ig. 1. Ehen this +etal is 2ent at right angles on the !otte! lines it will for+ a 2o5 as shown in *ig. $

Magic 0antern Details which is 6lace! on a 2ase2oar!% 1G$ to 'GI in. thic % 8 in. wi!e% an! 1I in. long. This 2o5 shoul! 2e 6ro<i!e! with a reflector locate! 8ust 2ac of the la+6. 7rocure a 6lano=con<e5 or a 2i=con<e5 )=in. lens with a focal length of fro+ 1L to $0 in. an! a 6ro8ecting lens $ in. in !ia+eter with such a focal length that will gi<e a 6icture of the reJuire! siBe% or a lens of 1$=in. focus enlarging a '=in. sli!e to a2out ) ft. at a !istance of $I ft. The woo!wor of the lantern shoul! 2e of 1G$=in.% well seasone! 6ine% white woo! or walnut an! the 6arts fastene! together with woo! screws% wire 2ra!s% or glue% as !esire!. The 2oar! in which to +ount the con!ensing lens is 1) in. wi!e an! 1L in. high% 2attene! on 2oth en!s to ee6 the woo! fro+ war6ing. The 2oar! is centere! 2oth ways% an!% at a 6oint 1 in. a2o<e the center% !escri2e a &=in. circle with a co+6ass an! saw the woo! out with a scroll or eyhole saw. If a s+all saw is use!% an! the wor carefully !one% the circular 6iece re+o<e! will ser<e to +a e the s+aller 6ortion of the ring for hol!ing the con!ensing lens. This ring is +a!e u6 fro+ two rings% ( an! B% *ig. '. The insi!e an! outsi!e !ia+eters of the ring B are 'G8 in. greater than the corres6on!ing !ia+eters of ring (% so when fastene! together concentrically an inner ra22et is for+e! for the rece6tion of the lens an! an outer ra22et to fit against the 2oar! . in an! against which it rotates 2eing hel! in 6lace 2y 2uttons% DD. ( ta2le% #% a2out $ ft. long is fastene! to the 2oar! . with 2rac ets * an! su66orte! at the outer en! with a stan!ar!. The sli!e su66ort% 9% an! the lens sli!e% H% are

constructe! to sli6 easily on the ta2le% #% the stri6s II ser<ing as gui!es. S+all stri6s of tin% JJ% are 2ent as shown an! fastene! at the to6 an! 2otto+ of the rectangular o6ening cut in the su66ort 9 for hol!ing the lantern sli!es. (ll the 6arts shoul! 2e 8oine! together snugly an! the +o<a2le 6arts +a!e to sli!e freely an! when all is co+6lete an! well san!6a6ere!% a66ly two coats of shellac <arnish. 7lace the la+6 house on the 2otto+ 2oar! 2ehin! the con!ensing lens an! the lantern is rea!y for use. The 6ro6er light an! focus +ay 2e o2taine! 2y sli66ing the +o<a2le 6arts on the 2oar! #% an! when the right 6osition is foun! for each% all lantern sli!es will 6ro!uce a clear 6icture on the screen% if the 6osition of the lantern an! screen is not change!. == .ontri2ute! 2y Stuart Mason Ferr% St. 7aul% Minn. A @4$(,l< M de L !) %/+:' ( <ery si+6le la+6 can 2e +a!e fro+ +aterials which are a<aila2le in 6ractically e<ery househol! in the following +anner4 ( chea6 glass tu+2ler is 6artly fille! with water an! then a2out 1G$ in. of safe% light 2urning oil% 6lace! on the water. .ut a thin stri6 fro+ an or!inary cor an! +a e a hole in the center to carry a short 6iece of wic . The wic shoul!

2e of such a length as to !i6 into the oil% 2ut not long enough. To reach the water. The u66er surface of the cor +ay 2e 6rotecte! fro+ the fla+e with a s+all 6iece of tin 2ent o<er the e!ges an! a hole 6unche! in the center for the wic . The weight of the tin will force the cor !own into the oil. The le<el of the oil shoul! 2e such as to +a e the fla+e 2elow the to6 of the tu+2ler an! the light then will not 2e 2lown out with !raughts. The arrange+ent is Juite safe as% shoul! the glass ha66en to u6set% the water at once e5tinguishes the fla+e.=.ontri2ute! 2y 9. 7. B. Ho3 to M ,e P )e* Ae*o)l "e %/+:'

( <ery interesting an! instructi<e toy aero6lane can 2e +a!e as shown in the acco+6anying illustrations. ( sheet

*ol!ing the 7a6er of 6a6er is first fol!e!% *ig. 1% then the corners on one en! are !ou2le! o<er% *ig. $% an! the whole 6iece finishe! u6 an! hel! together with a 6a6er cli6 as in *ig. '. The 6a6er cli6 to 2e use! shoul! 2e li e the one shown in *ig. I. If one of these cli6s is not at han!% for+ a 6iece of wire in the sa+e sha6e% as it will 2e nee!e! for 2alancing 6ur6oses as well as for hol!ing the 6a6er together. 9ras6 the aero6lane 2etween the thu+2 an! forefinger at the 6lace +ar e! ( in *ig. '% ee6ing the 6a6er as le<el as 6ossi2le an! throwing it as you woul! a !art. The aero6lane will +a e an easy an! graceful flight in a roo+ where no air will stri e it. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J.H. .rawfor!% Schenecta!y% /. -. B*o"Ae L$=4$d %/+:' Banana oil or a+yl acetate is a goo! 2ronBe liJui!. A W*e-tl$"# M t %//0' The cost of a wrestling +at is so great that few s+all clu2s can affor! to own one. (s we !i! not see our way

Ma!e of Be! Mattresses clear to 6urchase such a +at% I +a!e one of si5 use! 2e! +attresses :*ig. 1; 6urchase! fro+ a secon!=han! !ealer. I or!ere! a can<as 2ag% 1$ ft. ' in. 2y 1$ ft. & in.% fro+ a tent co+6any% to co<er the +attresses. The 2ag consiste! of two 6ieces with the sea+ along

each e!ge. The +attresses were lai! si!e 2y si!e an! en! to en! an! the 2ag 6lace! on an! lace! u6 as shown in *ig. $. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Ealter E. Ehite% Den<er% .olo. A Po(,et Volt !!ete* %//0' De+o<e the wor s an! ste+ fro+ a !iscar!e! !ollar watch% !rill two 'G1) in. holes in the e!ge% 'GI in. a6art% an! insert two 2in!ing=6osts% *ig. 1% insulating the+ fro+ the case with car!2oar!. *ol! two stri6s of light car!2oar!% 1G$ in. wi!e% so as to for+ two o2long 2o5es% 1G$ in. long an! 'G1) in. thic % o6en on the e!ges. ,n one of these for+s win! e<enly the wire ta en fro+ a 2ell +agnet to the !e6th of 1G8 in. an! on the other win! so+e $0 gauge wire to the sa+e !e6th. *asten the wire with gu++e! la2el% to ee6 it fro+ unwin!ing. 9lue the coils to the 2ac of the case an! connect one wire fro+ each 2in!ing=6ost as shown in *ig. $% while the other two wires are connecte! to an in!uction coil lea! which is inserte! in the hole fro+ which the ste+ was re+o<e!. *asten a 2rass=hea!e! tac to the case at the 6oint * with sealing wa5 or sol!er an! 2en! a wire in the sha6e shown in *ig. ' to swing freely on the tac . (ttach a 6iece of steel ro!% 'GI in. long% in the center coil% .% *ig. $. ( ru22er 2an!% D% connects the steel ro! . with the to6 of the watch case. The en!s of the ru22er are fastene! with sealing wa5. The ru22er ee6s the 6ointer at Bero or in the +i!!le of the scale. Do not use too strong a ru22er. ( !ial +ay 2e +a!e 2y cutting a 6iece of stiff white 6a6er so it will fit un!er the crystal of the watch. (n arc is cut in the 6a6er% as shown in *ig. 1% through which the in!icator wor s. To cali2rate the instru+ent% first +ar the 2in!ing=6ost (% which is connecte! to the coil of hea<y wire% for a+6eres an! the other 6ost% V% to the coil of s+all wire for <olts. .onnect the lea! an! the 6ost +ar e! ( to one% two an! three cells an! each ti+e +ar the 6lace of the 6ointer on the !ial. Ta e corres6on!ing rea!ings on a stan!ar! a++eter an! +ar the figures on the !ial. The <olt si!e of the !ial +ay 2e cali2rate! in the sa+e +anner% using a <olt+eter instea! of the a++eter. The 6lace where the

Volta++eter in a Eatch .ase in!icator co+es to rest after !isconnecting the current is +ar e! Bero. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #!war! M. Teas!ale% Earren% 7a. A F$l! W -8$"# T*o4#8 %//&'

Eashing a /egati<e *il+ The washing of fil+s without scratching the+ after they are !e<elo6e! an! fi5e! is <ery !ifficult in hot weather. ( con<enient washing trough for washing full length fil+s is shown in the acco+6anying s etch. The trough +ust 2e +a!e for the siBe of the fil+ to 2e washe!. .ut a 1GI=in. 2oar! as long as the fil+ an! a trifle wi!er than the fil+Cs wi!th. (ttach stri6s to the e!ges of the 2oar! to ee6 the water fro+ s6illing o<er the si!es. .ut a hole in one si!e of a 2a ing 6ow!er can a2out half way 2etween the to6 an! 2otto+% large enough to a!+it a fair=siBe! strea+ of water fro+ a faucet. Then sol!er the co<er to the can an! 6unch a nu+2er of holes a2out 1GI in. a6art along the o66osite si!e fro+ where the large hole was cut. 7lace this can on one en! of the trough% as shown% with the large hole u6. So+e hea<y wire 2ent in the sha6e of a 1 an! fastene! to the un!er si!e of the trough at the can en! will furnish su66orts to ee6 that en! of the trough the highest an! 6lace the o6ening in the can close 2eneath the water faucet. ( co++on 6in stuc through one en! of the fil+ an! then in the trough close to the can will hol! it in 6osition for washing. *i<e +inutesC washing with this !e<ice is sufficient to re+o<e all traces of the hy6o fro+ the fil+. ==.ontri2ute! 2y M. M. Hunting% Dayton% ,. Wood B4*"$"# %//&'

Burnt woo! wor !one with an or!inary rea!ing glass an! the sunCs rays. T8e D$1$"# Bottle %//&' This is a <ery interesting an! easily 6erfor+e! e56eri+ent illustrating the trans+ission of 6ressure 2y liJui!s. Ta e a wi!e=+outhe! 2ottle an! fill al+ost full of waterH then into this 2ottle 6lace% +outh !ownwar!% a s+all <ial or 2ottle ha<ing 8ust enough air in the 2ottle to ee6 it 2arely afloat. 7ut a sheet of ru22er o<er the +outh of the large 2ottle% !raw the e!ge !own o<er the nec an! wra6 securely with a 6iece of string thus for+ing a tightly stretche! !ia6hrag+ o<er the to6. Ehen a finger is 6resse! on the ru22er the s+all 2ottle will slowly !escen! until the 6ressure is release! when the

7ressure #56eri+ents s+all 2ottle wilt ascen!. The +o<ing of the s+all 2ottle is cause! 2y the 6ressure trans+itte! through the water% thus causing the <olu+e of air in the s+all tu2e to !ecrease an! the 2ottle to !escen! an! ascen! when release! as the air increases to the original <olu+e. This e56eri+ent can 2e 6erfor+e! with a narrow=nec e! 2ottle% 6ro<i!e! the 2ottle is wi!e% 2ut not <ery thic . 7lace the s+all 2ottle in as 2efore% ta ing care not to ha<e too +uch air in the 2otto+. If the cor is a!8uste! 6ro6erly% the 2ottle +ay 2e hel! in the han! an! the si!es 6resse! with the fingers% thus causing the s+all 2ottle to !escen! an! ascen! at will. If the s+all 2ottle use! is o6aJue% or an o6aJue tu2e such as the ca6 of a fountain 6en% +any 6uBBling effects +ay 2e o2taine!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John Shahan% (u2urn% (la. Ho3 to M ,e " I"e9)e"-$1e Woode" F " %//+' Select a nice straight=graine! 6iece of white 6ine a2out 1GI in. thic % 'GI in. wi!e an! 4 in. long. 0ay out the !esign !esire! an! cut as shown in *ig. 1% an! then soa the woo! in hot water to +a e it soft an! easy to s6lit. .ut the !i<isions <ery thin with a shar6 nife !own to the 6oint (% as shown in the s etch% ta ing care not to s6lit the woo! through the 6art left for the han!le. The fan is then finishe! 2y 6lacing each 6iece o<er the other as in *ig. $. This will +a e a <ery 6retty orna+ent. ==.ontri2ute! 2y *re! E. Ehitehouse% 166er Troy% /.-.

.utting the Eoo! an! .o+6lete *an Co!.$" t$o" Tele#* )8 "d Tele)8o"e L$"e %//+' The acco+6anying !iagra+s show connections for a short line syste+

Eiring Diagra+ :+etallic circuit; of telegra6h where a tele6hone +ay 2e use! in co+2ination on the line. The tele6hone recei<ers can 2e use! 2oth as recei<ers an! trans+itters% or or!inary tele6hone trans+itters% in!uction coils an! 2attery +ay 2e use! in the circuit with a recei<er. If a trans+itter is use!% its 2atteries +ay 2e connecte! in circuit with a co++on 6ush 2utton which is hel! !own when using the tele6hone. ,n a 1000=ft. line% four !ry cells will 2e sufficient for the telegra6h instru+ents an! two cells for the tele6hone. ==.ontri2ute! 2y D. E. Milter. Ho3 to M ,e M$"$ t4*e W$"d!$ll %///'

The following !escri6tion is how a +iniature win!+ill was +a!e% which ga<e consi!era2le 6ower for its siBe% e<en in a light 2reeBe. Its s+aller 6arts% such as 2la!es an! 6ulleys% were constructe! of 1=in. sugar 6ine on account of its softness. The eight 2la!es were +a!e fro+ 6ieces 1 2y 1=1G$ 2y 1$ in. Two o66osite e!ges were cut away until the 2la!e was a2out 1G8 in. thic . Two inches

Details of Miniature Ein!+ill .onstruction were left uncut at the hu2 en!. They were then naile! to the circular face 6late (% *ig. 1% which was ) in. in !ia+eter an! 1 in. thic . The center of the hu2 was lengthene! 2y the woo!en !is % B% *ig. 1% which was naile! to the face 6late. The shaft .% *ig. 1% was 1GI= in. iron ro!% $ ft. long% an! turne! in the 2earings !etaile! in *ig. $. J was a nut fro+ a wagon 2olt an! was 6lace! in the 2earing to insure easy running. The 2earing 2loc s were ' in. wi!e% 1 in. thic an! ' in. high without the u66er half. Both 2earings were +a!e in this +anner. The shaft . was eye! to the hu2 of the wheel% 2y the +etho! shown in *ig. '. ( sta6le% F% hel! the shaft fro+ re<ol<ing in the hu2. This +etho! was also a66lie! in eying the L=in. 6ulley *, to the shaft% 9% *ig. 1% which e5ten!e! to the groun!. The $= 1G$=in. 6ulley% I% *ig. 1% was eye! to shaft .% as shown in *ig. I. The wire 0 was 6ut

through the hole in the a5le an! the two en!s cur<e! so as to 6ass through the two holes in the 6ulley% after which they were gi<en a final 2en! to ee6 the 6ulley in 6lace. The +etho! 2y which the shaft . was e6t fro+ wor ing forwar! is shown in *ig. L. The washer M inter<ene! 2etween the 2earing 2loc an! the wire /% which was 6asse! through the a5le an! then 2ent to 6re<ent its falling out. Two washers were 6lace! on shaft .% 2etween the forwar! 2earing an! the hu2 of the wheel to lessen the friction. The 2e! 6late D% *ig. 1% was $ ft. long% ' in. wi!e an! 1 in. thic an! was ta6ere! fro+ the rear 2earing to the slot in which the fan # was naile!. This fan was +a!e of 1GI=in. 6ine 18 2y 1$ in. an! was cut the sha6e shown. The two s+all iron 6ulleys with screw 2ases% H% *ig. 1% were o2taine! for a s+all su+ fro+ a har!ware !ealer. Their !ia+eter was 1=1GI in. The 2elt which transferre! the 6ower fro+ shaft . to shaft 9 was to6 string% with a section of ru22er in it to ta e u6 slac . To 6re<ent it fro+ sli66ing on the two woo!en 6ulleys a ru22er 2an! was 6lace! in the groo<es of each. The 6oint for the swi<el 2earing was !eter+ine! 2y 2alancing the 2e! 6late% with all 6arts in 6lace% across the thin e!ge of a 2oar!. There a 1GI=in. hole was 2ore! in which shaft 9 turne!. To lessen the friction here% washers were 6lace! un!er 6ulley *. The swi<el 2earing was +a!e fro+ two li!s of 2a ing 6ow!er cans. ( section was cut out of one to 6er+it its 2eing enlarge! enough to a!+it the other. The s+aller one% 0% *ig. )% was naile! to6 !own with the shar6 e!ge to the un!ersi!e of the 2e! 6late% so that the 1GI=in. hole for the shaft 9 was in the center. The other li!% 9% was tac e!% to6 !own also% in the center of the 2oar! 7% with 2rass hea!e! furniture tac s% D% *ig. )% which acte! as a s+ooth surface for the other tin to re<ol<e u6on. Holes for shaft 9 were cut through 2oth li!s. Shaft 9 was 2ut 1GI in. in !ia+eter% 2ut to ee6 it fro+ ru22ing against the 2oar! 7% a 1G$=in. hole was 2ore! for it% through the latter. The tower was +a!e of four 1 2y 1 in. stri6s% $L ft. long. They con<erge! fro+ 6oints on the groun! for+ing an 8=ft. sJuare to the 2oar! 7 at the to6 of the tower. This 2oar! was 1$ in. sJuare an! the corners were notche! to a!+it the stri6s as shown% *ig. 1. 0aths were naile! !iagonally 2etween the stri6s to strengthen the tower laterally. #ach stri6 was screwe! to a sta e in the groun! so that 2y !isconnecting two of the+ the other two coul! 2e use! as hinges an! the tower coul! 2e ti66e! o<er an! lowere! to the groun!% as% for instance% when the win!+ill nee!e! oiling. Bearings for the shaft 9 were 6lace! L ft. a6art in the tower. The 6ower was 6ut to <arious uses. Ho3 to M ,e Tele#* )8 I"-t*4!e"t "d B4AAe* %//2'

The only e56en!iture necessary in constructing this telegra6h instru+ent is the 6rice of a !ry cell% 6ro<i!ing one has a few ol! +aterials on han!. 7rocure a 2loc of woo! a2out ) in. long an! ' in. wi!e an! ta e the coils out of an ol! electric 2ell. If you ha<e no 2ell% one +ay 2e ha! at the !ealers for a s+all su+. *asten these coils on the 2loc s at one en! as in *ig. 1. .ut a 6iece of tin $ in. long an! 1G$ in. wi!e an! 2en! it so the en! of the tin

Ho+e=Ma!e Telegra6h Instru+ent when fastene! to the 2loc will co+e 8ust a2o<e the core of the coil. .ut another 6iece of tin ' in. long an! 2en! it as shown at (% *ig. $. Tac these two 6ieces of tin in front of the coils as shown in the illustration. This co+6letes the recei<er or soun!er. To +a e the ey% cut out another 6iece of tin :O% *ig. 1) I in. long an! 2en! it as

shown. Before tac ing it to the 2oar!% cut off the hea! of a nail an! !ri<e it in the 2oar! at a 6oint where the loose en! of the tin will co<er it. Then tac the ey to the 2oar! an! connect the wires of the 2attery as in *ig. 1. /ow% +o<e the coils 2ac an! forth until the clic soun!s 8ust the way you wish an! you are rea!y to 2egin on the Morse co!e. Ehen tire! of this instru+ent% connect the wire fro+ the coils to the ey to 6oint ( an! the one connecte! at the 6oint un!er the ey to B% lea<ing the other wire as it is. By a!8usting the coils% the recei<er will 2egin to <i2rate ra6i!ly% causing a 2uBBing soun!. == .ontri2ute! 2y John D. Mc.onnell. Ho3 to M ,e W te* B$(<(le %//5'

Eater 2icycles affor! fine s6ort% an!% li e +any another !e<ice 2oys +a e% can 2e +a!e of +aterial often cast off 2y their 6eo6le as ru22ish. The 6rinci6le +aterial necessary for the construction of a water 2icycle is oil 2arrels. *lour 2arrels will not !o= they are not strong enough% nor can they 2e +a!e 6erfectly airtight. The grocer can furnish you with oil 2arrels at a <ery s+all cost% 6ro2a2ly let you ha<e the+ for +a ing a few !eli<eries for hi+. Three 2arrels are reJuire! for the water 2icycle% although it can 2e +a!e with 2ut two. *igure 1 shows the +etho! of arranging the 2arrelsH after the +anner of 2icycle wheels. 7rocure an ol! 2icycle fra+e an! +a e for it a 2oar! 6latfor+ a2out ' ft. wi!e at the rear en! an! ta6ering to a2out $ ft. at the front% using cleats to hol! the 2oar! fra+e% as shown at

Eater% Bicycle .o+6lete the sha!e! 6ortion F. The construction of the 2arrel 6art is shown in *ig. $. Bore holes in the center of the hea!s of the two rear 2arrels an! also in the hea!s of the first 2arrel an! 6ut a shaft of woo!% through the rear 2arrels an! one through the front 2arrel% a!8usting the si!e 6ieces to the shafts% as in!icate!. /e5t 6lace the 6latfor+ of the 2icycle fra+e an! connections thereon. 9oing 2ac to *ig. 1 we see that the !ri<ing chain 6asses fro+ the s6roc et !ri<er 0 of the 2icycle fra+e to the 6lace !ownwar! 2etween the slits in the 6latfor+ to the !ri<en s6roc et on the shaft 2etween the two 2arrels. Thus a center !ri<e is +a!e. The rear 2arrels are% fitte! with 6a!!les as at M% consisting of four 6ieces of 2oar! naile!

Barrel *loat for Bicycle an! cleate! a2out the circu+ference of the 2arrels% as shown in *ig. 1. The new craft is now rea!y for a first <oyage. To 6ro6el it% seat yourself on the 2icycle seat% feet on the 6e!als% 8ust as you woul! were you on a 2icycle out in the street. The steering is effecte! 2y si+6ly 2en!ing the 2o!y to the right or left% which causes the craft to !i6 to the incline! si!e an! the affair turns in the !i66e! !irection. The s6ee! is slow at first% 2ut increases as the force is generate! an! as one 2eco+es fa+iliar with the wor ing of the affair. There is no !anger% as the airtight 2arrels cannot 6ossi2ly sin . (nother +o!e of 6utting together the set of 2arrels% using one large one in the rear an! a s+all one in the front is 6resente! in *ig% '. These two 2arrels are e+6ty oil 2arrels li e the others. The hea! holes are 2ore! an! the 6ro6er woo!en shafts are inserte! an! the entrance to the 2ores close! tight 2y cal ing with he+6 an! 6utty or clay. The en!s of the shafts turn in the woo!en fra+e where the reJuire! 2ores are +a!e to recei<e the sa+e. If the 8ournals thus +a!e are well oile!% there will not 2e +uch friction. Such a fra+e can 2e fitte! with a 6latfor+ an! a raft to suit oneCs in!i<i!ual fancy 2uilt u6on it% which can

(nother Ty6e of *loat 2e 6a!!le! a2out with ease an! safety on any 6on!. ( sail can 2e rigge! u6 2y using a +ast an! so+e sheetingH or e<en a little house2oat% which will gi<e any a+ount of 6leasure% can 2e 2uilt. Ho3 To M ,e S! ll Se *(8l$#8t %//6'

The +aterials reJuire! for a s+all searchlight are a I=<olt la+6 of the loo6 <ariety% thin sheet 2rass for the cylin!er% co66er 6i6ing an! 2rass tu2ing for 2ase. Ehen co+6lete! the searchlight +ay 2e fitte! to a s+all 2oat an! will affor! a great a+ount

of 6leasure for a little wor % or it +ay 2e 6ut to other uses if !esire!. Ma e a cylin!er of woo! of the reJuire! siBe an! 2en! a sheet of thin 2rass aroun! it. Sha6e s+all 2loc s of 2o5woo!% D% *ig. 1% to fit the si!es an! 6ass stout 6ieces of 2rass wire through the +i!!le of the 2loc s for trunnions. #5actly through the +i!!le of the si!es of the cylin!er !rill holes 8ust so large that when the 2loc s containing the trunnions are ce+ente! to the cylin!er there is no chance of contact 2etween cylin!er an! trunnion% an! so creating a false circuit. The trunnion shoul! 6ro8ect slightly into the cylin!er% an! after the la+6 has 2een 6lace! in 6osition 2y +eans of the s+all woo! 2loc s shown in *ig. 1% the wires fro+ the la+6 shoul! 2e sol!ere! to the trunnions. It is 2est to sol!er the wire to the trunnions 2efore ce+enting the si!e 2loc s insi!e the cylin!er. Turn a s+all circle of woo!% (% *ig. $% insi!e the cylin!er to fit e5actly an! fasten to it a 6iece of +irror% .% *ig. $% e5actly the sa+e siBe to ser<e as a reflector. 7ainting the woo! with white ena+el or a 6iece of 2rightly 6olishe! +etal will ser<e the 6ur6ose. ,n the 2ac of the 6iece of woo! fasten a s+all 2rass han!le% B% *ig. $% so that it +ay rea!ily 2e re+o<e! for cleaning. In front of cylin!er 6lace a 6iece of +agnifying glass for a lens. If a 6iece to fit cannot 2e o2taine!% fit a glass li e a linen tester to a s+all !isc of woo! or 2rass to fit the cylin!er. If +agnifying glass cannot 2e ha!% use 6lain glass an! fit the+ as follows4

*ront View

Si!e View

Ma e two rings of 2rass wire to fit tightly into the cylin!er% trace a circle :insi!e !ia+eter of cylin!er; on a 6iece of car!2oar!H 6lace car!2oar! on glass an! cut out glass with a glass cutterH 2rea off o!! corners with notches on cutters an! grin! the e!ge of the glass on an or!inary re! 2ric using 6lenty of water. 7lace one 2rass ring in cylin!er% then the glass !isc an! then the other ring. *or the stan! fill a 6iece of co66er 6i6ing with +elte! rosin or lea!. Ehen har! 2en! the 6i6e aroun! a 6iece of woo! which has 2een sawe! to the sha6e of 2en! !esire!. Then +elt out the rosin or lea!. Ma e an incision with a half=roun! file in the un!er si!e of the tu2e for the wires to co+e through. Ma e the 2ase of woo! as shown in *ig. 1. ,ne half inch fro+ the to6 2ore a hole large enough to a!+it the co66er 6i6e an! a larger hole u6 the center to +eet it for the wires to co+e !own. If it is !esire! to +a e the light <ery co+6lete% +a e the 2ase of two 6ieces of 2rass tu2e==one 2eing a sli!ing fit in the other an! with 6ro8ecting 6ieces to 6re<ent the cylin!er fro+ going too far. The light +ay then 2e ele<ate! or lowere! as wishe!. ,n two or!inary 2rass ter+inals twist or sol!er so+e fle5i2le wire% 2ut 2efore !oing so fi5 a little 2one washer on the screws of the ter+inal so as to insulate it fro+ the tu2e. Ehen the wires ha<e 2een secure! to the ter+inals co<er the 8oint with a 6iece of <ery thin

in!ia ru22er tu2ing% such as is use! for cycle <al<es. The two wires +ay now 2e threa!e! !own the co66er tu2e into the 2ase% an! 6ulle! tight% the ter+inals fir+ly fi5e! into the tu2esH if too s+all% so+e glue will secure the+. To get the cylin!er into its carriage% 6ut one trunnion into the ter+inal as far as it will go an! this will allow roo+ for the other trunnion to go in its ter+inal. Ele(t*$( Al *! t8 t R$"#Bell "d T4*"- o" L$#8t %//7'

The illustration shows an alar+ cloc connecte! u6 to ring an electric 2ell% an! at the sa+e ti+e turn on an electric light to show the ti+e. The 6arts in!icate! are as follows4 (% ey of alar+ cloc H B% contact 6ost% I in. longH .% shelf% L=1GI 2y 10 in.H D% 2rac etH #% electric 2ul2 :'=1G$ <olts; H S% 2rass stri6% I=1G$ in. long% 'G8 in. wi!e an! 1G1) in. thic H T% switchH *% wire fro+ 2atteries to switchH 9% wire fro+ 2ell to switchH H% wire fro+ light to switchH I% !ry 2atteriesH J% 2ellH O% 6oint where a s6lice is +a!e fro+ the light to wire lea!ing to 2atteries fro+ 2rass stri6 un!er cloc . 7ush the switch le<er to the right 2efore retiring. To o6erate this% set alar+ ey as shown in !iagra+% after two turns ha<e 2een +a!e on the ey. Ehen alar+ goes off% it turns till it for+s a connection 2y stri ing the contact 6ost an! starts the electric 2ell ringing. Throw le<er off fro+ the right to center% which sto6s 2ell ringing. To throw on light throw le<ers to the left. The 2ell is then cut out 2ut the light re+ains on till le<er is again thrown in the center% In 6lacing cloc on shelf% after setting alar+% 2e sure that the legs of cloc are on the 2rass stri6 an! that the alar+ ey is in 6osition so it will co+e in contact with the contact 6ost in 2ac of cloc . The contact 6ost +ay 2e of 1GI=in. co66er tu2ing% or 1GI= in. 2rass ro!. The a!<antage of this is that one can control the 2ell an! light% while lying in 2e!% 2y ha<ing the switch on the 2ase2oar!% near the 2e!% so it can 2e reache! without getting out of 2e!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. .. Brin erhoff% Swiss<ale% 7a.

Details of (lar+ .onstruction Ho3 to Hold S(*e3 o" S(*e3d*$1e* %//7'

( screw that is ta en fro+ a 6lace al+ost inaccessi2le with the fingers reJuires consi!era2le 6atience to return it with an or!inary screw!ri<er unless so+e hol!ing=on !e<ice is use!. I ha<e foun! that 2y 6utting a 6iece of car!2oar! or thic 6a6er with the 2la!e of the screw!ri<er in the screw hea! slot% the screw +ay 2e hel! an! turne! into 6laces that it woul! 2e i+6ossi2le with the screw!ri<er alone. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. .hatlan!% ,g!en% 1tah. Ho3 to M ,e Le d C ""o" %//8'

(ny 2oy who has a little +echanical a2ility can +a e a <ery relia2le cannon for his *ourth=of=July cele2ration 2y following the instructions gi<en here4

0ea! .annon .onstruction Ta e a stic ==a 6iece of curtain roller will !o==7 in. long. Ma e a shoul!er% as at (% *ig. 1% I in. fro+ one en!% +a ing it as true an! s+ooth as 6ossi2le% as this is to 2e the +uBBle of the cannon. Ma e the s6in!le as in *ig. 1% 1GI in. in !ia+eter. 7rocure a goo! Juality of stiff 6a6er% a2out ) in. wi!e% an! wra6 it aroun! the shoul!er of the stic % letting it e5ten! 'GI in. 2eyon! the en! of the s6in!le% as at B% *ig. $. 7ush an or!inary shingle nail through the 6a6er an! into the e5tre+e en! of the s6in!le% as at (% *ig. $. This is to for+ the fuse hole. Ha<ing finishe! this% 6lace stic an! all in a 6ail of san!% 2eing careful not to get the san! in it% an! letting the o6ening at the to6 e5ten! a little a2o<e the surface of the san!. Then fill the 6a6er cylin!er with +elte! lea! an! let cool. 7ull out the nail an! stic % scra6e off the 6a6er an! the cannon is rea!y for +ounting% as in *ig. '. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .has. S. .ha6+an% 0anes2oro% Minn. Ho!e! de Ele(t*$( Bed W *!e* %//8' The heat !e<elo6e! 2y a car2on=fila+ent la+6 is sufficiently high to allow its use as a heating ele+ent of% for instance% a 2e! war+er. There are a nu+2er of other s+all heaters which can 2e easily +a!e an! for which la+6s for+ <ery suita2le heating ele= +ents% 2ut the 2e! war+er is 6ro2a2ly the 2est e5a+6le. (ll that is reJuire! is a tin co<ering% which can 2e +a!e of an ol! can% a2out '=1G$ in. in !ia+eter. The to6 is cut out an! the e!ge file! s+ooth. The la+6=soc et en! of the fle5i2le cor! is inserte! in the can an! the sha!e hol!er gri66e! o<er the o6ening. ( s+all la+6 of a2out L c6. will !o the heating. ( flannel 2ag% large enough to sli6 o<er the tin can an! 6ro<i!e! with a nec that can 2e !rawn together 2y +eans of a cor!% gi<es the heater a +ore finishe! a66earance% as

well as +a ing it +ore 6leasant to the touch. M ,$"# F$*e 3$t8 t8e A$d o0 I(e %//8'

Ta e a 6iece of <ery clear ice an! +elt it !own into the hollow of your han!s so as to for+ a large lens. The illustration shows how this is !one. Eith the lens=sha6e! ice use! in the sa+e +anner as a rea!ing glass to

*or+ing the Ice 0ens !irect the sunCs rays on 6a6er or sha<ings you can start a fire. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (rthur #. Joerin. Ho3 to M ,e C*o--.o3 "d A**o3 Sl$"# %//:'

In +a ing of this cross2ow it is 2est to use +a6le for the stoc % 2ut if this woo! cannot 2e 6rocure!% goo! straight=graine! 6ine will !o. The +aterial +ust 2e 1=1G$ in. thic % ) in. wi!e an! a trifle o<er ' ft. long. The 2ow is +a!e fro+ straight=graine! oa % ash% or hic ory% LG8 in. thic % 1 in. wi!e an! ' ft. long. ( 6iece of oa % 'G8 in. thic % 1= 1G$ in. wi!e an! ) ft. long% will 2e sufficient to +a e the trigger% s6ring an! arrows. ( 6iece of tin% so+e nails an! a goo! cor! will co+6lete the +aterials necessary to +a e the cross2ow. The 6iece of +a6le or 6ine selecte! for the stoc +ust 2e 6lane! an! san!6a6ere! on 2oth si!es% an! then +ar e! an! cut as shown in *ig. 1. ( groo<e is cut for the arrows in the to6 straight e!ge 'G8 in. wi!e an! 'G8 in. !ee6. The tin is 2ent an! fastene! on the woo! at the 2ac en! of the groo<e where the cor! sli6s out of the notchH this is to ee6 the e!ges fro+ s6litting.

Details of the Bow=9un an! (rrow Sling

( +ortise is cut for the 2ow at a 6oint &=1G$ in. fro+ the en! of the stoc % an! one for the trigger 1$ in. fro+ the o66osite en!% which shoul! 2e slanting a little as shown 2y the !otte! lines. ( s6ring% *ig. $% is +a!e fro+ a goo! 6iece of oa an! fastene! to the stoc with two screws. The trigger% *ig. '% which is 1GI in. thic % is inserte! in the +ortise in the 6osition when 6ulle! 2ac % an! a!8uste! so as to raise the s6ring to the 6ro6er height% an! then a 6in is 6ut through 2oth stoc an! trigger% ha<ing the latter swing Juite freely. Ehen the trigger is 6ulle!% it lifts the s6ring u6% which in turn lifts the cor! off the tin notch. The stic for the 2ow% *ig. I% is !resse! !own fro+ a 6oint 'GI in. on each si!e of the center line to 1G$ in. wi!e at each en!. /otches are cut in the en!s for the cor!. The 2ow is not fastene! in the stoc % it is wra66e! with a 6iece of can<as 1=1G$ in. wi!e on the center line to +a e a tight fit in the +ortise. ( stout cor! is now tie! in the notches cut in the en!s of the 2ow +a ing the cor! taut when the woo! is straight. The !esign of the arrows is shown in *ig. L an! they are +a!e with the 2la!es +uch thinner than the roun! 6art. To shoot the cross2ow% 6ull the cor! 2ac an! !own in the notch as shown in *ig. )% 6lace the arrow in the groo<e% sight an! 6ull the trigger as in shooting an or!inary gun. The arrow sling is +a!e fro+ a 2ranch of ash a2out 1G$ in. in !ia+eter% the 2ar re+o<e! an! a notch cut in one en!% as shown in *ig. 7. ( stout cor! a2out $=1G$ ft. long is tie! in the notch an! a large not +a!e in the other or loose en!. The arrows are 6ractically the sa+e as those use! on the cross2ow% with the e5ce6tion of a s+all notch which is cut in the+ as shown in *ig. 8. To throw the arrow% insert the cor! near the not in the notch of the arrow% then gras6ing the stic with the right han! an! hol!ing the wing of the arrow with the left% as shown in *ig. &% throw the arrow with a Juic slinging +otion. The arrow +ay 2e thrown se<eral hun!re! feet after a little 6ractice. ==.ontri2ute! 2y ,. #. Trownes% Eil+ette% Ill. A Ho!e7M de V$-e %/20' .ut two 6ieces of woo! in the sha6e shown in the s etch an! 2ore a 'G8=in. hole through 2oth of the+ for a co++on carriage 2olt. *asten one of the 6ieces to the e!ge of the 2ench with a large woo! screw an! attach the other 6iece to the first one with a 6iece of leather naile! across the 2otto+ of 2oth 6ieces. The nut on the carriage 2olt +ay 2e tightene! with a wrench%

Details of a Ho+e=Ma!e Bench Vise or% 2etter still% a ey file! out of a 6iece of soft steel to fit the nut. The e!ges of the 8aws are face! with sheet +etal which can 2e co66er or steel suita2le for the wor it is inten!e! to hol!. Te!)o* *< D *, Roo! L "te*" %/20' ,ccasionally through so+e acci!ent to the regular ru2y la+6% or through the necessity of% !e<elo6ing while out of reach of a 6ro6erly eJui66e! !ar roo+% so+e +a eshift of illu+ination +ust 2e i+6ro<ise!. Such a te+6orary safe light +ay 2e

+a!e fro+ an e+6ty cigar 2o5 in a short ti+e.

De+o<e the 2otto+ of the 2o5% an! nail it in 6osition as shown at (. De+o<e one en!% an! re6lace as shown at B. Dri<e a short wire nail through the center of the o66osite en! to ser<e as a seat for the can!le% .. The la+6 is finishe! 2y tac ing two or +ore layers of yellow 6ost=office 6a6er o<er the a6erture D% 2ringing the 6a6er well aroun! to the si!es an! 2otto+ of the 2o5 to 6re<ent light lea age fro+ the crac s aroun! the e!ges% says 7hoto #ra. The hinge! co<er #% is use! as a !oor% +a ing lighting an! tri++ing con<enient. The !oor +ay 2e fastene! with a nail or 6iece of wire. It is well to reinforce the hinge 2y gluing on a stri6 of cloth if the la+6 is to 2e in use +ore than once or twice. This la+6 is safe% for the 6ro8ecting e!ges of ( an! B for+ light= shiel!s for the <entilation orifice an! the crac at the to6 of the hinge! co<er% res6ecti<ely. Moreo<er% since the fla+e of the can!le is a2o<e (% only reflecte! an! trans+itte! light reaches the 6late% while the !anger of igniting the 6a6er is re!uce! to a +ini+u+. R4""< P $"t %/20' The 6aint will sag an! run if too +uch oil is 6ut in white lea!. C !)- "d Ho3 to B4$ld T8e! %/2&' There are se<eral ways of 2uil!ing a te+6orary ca+6 fro+ +aterial that is always to 2e foun! in the woo!s% an! whether these i+6ro<ise! shelters are inten!e! to last until a 6er+anent ca+6 is 2uilt% or only as a ca+6 on a short e5cursion% a great !eal of fun can 2e ha! in their construction. The In!ian ca+6 is the easiest to +a e. (n e<ergreen tree with 2ranches growing well !own towar! the groun! furnishes all the +aterial. By cho66ing the trun al+ost through% so that when the tree falls the u66er 6art will still re+ain attache! to the stu+6% a ser<icea2le shelter can 2e Juic ly 6ro<i!e!. The cut shoul! 2e a2out L ft. fro+ the groun!. Then the 2oughs an! 2ranches on the un!er si!e of the fallen to6 are cho66e! away an! 6ile! on to6. There is roo+ for se<eral 6ersons un!er this sort of shelter% which offers fairly goo! 6rotection against any 2ut the +ost !renching rains. The In!ian wigwa+ she!s rain 2etter% an! where there are no suita2le trees that can 2e cut% it is the easiest ca+6 to +a e. Three long 6oles with the to6s tie! together an! the lower en!s s6ace! 8 or 10 ft. a6art% +a e the fra+e of the wigwa+. Branches an! 2rush can easily 2e 6ile! u6% an! wo<en in an! out on these 6oles so as to she! a <ery hea<y rain. The 2rush ca+6 is sha6e! li e an or!inary N(N tent. The ri!ge 6ole shoul! 2e a2out 8 ft. long an! su66orte! 2y crotche! u6rights a2out ) ft. fro+ the groun!. ,ften the ri!ge 6ole can 2e lai! fro+ one s+all tree to another. (<oi! tall trees on account of lightning. #ight or ten long 6oles are then lai! slanting against the ri!ge 6ole on each si!e. .e!ar or he+loc 2oughs +a e the 2est thatch for the 2rush ca+6. They shoul! 2e 6ile! u6 to a thic ness of a foot or +ore o<er the slanting 6oles an! wo<en in an! out to ee6 the+ fro+ sli66ing. Then a nu+2er of 6oles shoul! 2e lai! o<er the+ to 6re<ent the+ fro+ 2lowing away. In woo!s where there is 6lenty of 2ar a<aila2le in large sla2s% the 2ar lean=to is a

Juic ly constructe! an! ser<icea2le ca+6. The ri!ge 6ole is set u6 li e that of the 2rush ca+6. Three or four other 6oles are lai! slanting to the groun! on one si!e only. The en!s of these 6oles shoul! 2e 6ushe! into the earth an! fastene! with crotche! stic s. 0ong 6oles are then lai! crossways of these slanting 6oles% an! the whole can 2e co<ere! with 2rush as in the case of the 2rush ca+6 or with stri6s of 2ar lai! o<er= la66ing each other li e shingles. Ehere 2ar is use!% nails are necessary to hol! it in 6lace. Bar +ay also 2e use! for a wigwa+ an! it can 2e hel! in 6lace 2y a cor! wra66e! tightly aroun! the whole structure% running s6iral=wise fro+ the groun! to the 6ea . In the early su++er% the 2ar can easily 2e re+o<e! fro+ +ost trees 2y +a ing two circular cuts aroun! the trun an! 8oining the+ with another <ertical cut. The 2ar is easily 6rie! off with an a5% an! if lai! on the groun! un!er hea<y stones% will !ry flat. Sheets of 2ar % ) ft. long an! $ or ' ft. wi!e% are a con<enient siBe for ca+6 construction. The s+all 2oughs an! twigs of he+loc % s6ruce% an! ce!ar% 6ile! $ or ' ft. !ee6 an! co<ere! with 2lan ets% +a e the 2est in! of a ca+6 2e!. *or a 6er+anent ca+6% a 2un can 2e +a!e 2y laying s+all 6oles close together across two larger 6oles on a ru!e fra+ewor easily constructe!. #<ergreen twigs or !rie! lea<es are 6ile! on this% an! a 2lan et or a 6iece of can<as stretche! across an! fastene! !own to the 6oles at the si!es. ( 2e! li e this is soft an! s6ringy an! will last through an or!inary ca+6ing season without renewal. ( 6orta2le cot that !oes not ta e u6 +uch roo+ in the ca+6 outfit is +a!e of a 6iece of hea<y can<as I0 in. wi!e an! ) ft. long. *our=inch he+s are sewe! in each si!e of the can<as% an! when the ca+6 is 6itche!% a $=in. 6ole is run through each he+ an! the en!s of the 6ole su66orte! on crotche! stic s. *resh water close at han! an! sha!e for the +i!!le of the !ay are two 6oints that shoul! always 2e loo e! for in. selecting a site for a ca+6. If the ca+6 is to 2e occu6ie! for any length of ti+e% useful i+6le+ents for +any 6ur6oses can 2e +a!e out of such +aterial as the woo!s affor!. The si+6lest way to 2uil! a crane for hanging ettles o<er the ca+6fire is to !ri<e two 6osts into the groun!% each of the+ a foot or +ore fro+ one en! of the fire s6ace% an! s6lit the to6s with an a5% so that a 6ole lai! fro+ one to the other across the fire will 2e securely hel! in the s6lit. Tongs are <ery useful in ca+6. ( 6iece of el+ or hic ory% ' ft. long an! 1=1G$ in. thic % +a es a goo! 6air of tongs. *or a foot in the +i!!le of the stic % cut half of the thic ness away an! hol! this 6art o<er the fire until it can 2e 2ent easily to 2ring the two en!s together% then fasten a cross6iece to hol! the en!s close together% sha6e the en!s so that anything that !ro6s into the fire can 2e seiBe! 2y the+% an! a ser<icea2le 6air of tongs is the result. (ny sort of a stic that is easily han!le! will ser<e as a 6o er. He+loc twigs tie! aroun! one en! of a stic +a e an e5cellent 2roo+. Mo<a2le seats for a 6er+anent ca+6 are easily +a!e 2y s6litting a log% 2oring holes in the roun!e! si!e of the sla2 an! !ri<ing 6egs into the+ to ser<e as legs. ( short sla2 or 6lan can easily 2e +a!e into a three=legge! stool in the sa+e way.

.a+6ers usually ha<e 2o5es in which their 6ro<isions ha<e 2een carrie!. Such a 6ac ing 2o5 is easily +a!e into a cu62oar!% an! it is not !ifficult to i+6ro<ise shel<es% hinges% or e<en a rough loc for the ca+6 lar!er. ( goo! way to +a e a ca+6 ta2le is to set four 6osts into the groun! an! nail cross6ieces to su66ort sla2s cut fro+ cho66e! woo! logs to for+ a to6. 7ieces can 2e naile! onto the legs of the ta2le to hol! other sla2s to ser<e as seats% an! affor!ing acco++o!ation for se<eral 6ersons.

B*oode* 0o* S! ll C8$(,- %/2/' ( <ery si+6le 2roo!er can 2e constructe! 2y cutting a sugar 2arrel in half an! using one 6art in the +anner

Broo!er for -oung .hic s Fe6t Ear+ with a Jug of Boiling Eater !escri2e!. 0ine the insi!e of the half 2arrel with 6a6er an! then co<er this with ol! flannel cloth. Ma e a co<er for the to6 an! line it in the sa+e +anner. (t the 2otto+ cut a hole in the e!ge% a2out I in. !ee6 an! I in. wi!e% an! 6ro<i!e a co<er or !oor. The insi!e is e6t war+ 2y filling a 8ug with 2oiling water an! setting it within% changing the water 2oth +orning an! night. Ehen the te+6erature outsi!e is 10 !eg. the interior can% 2e e6t at &0 or 100 !eg.% 2ut the 8ug +ust 2e refille! with 2oiling water at least twice a !ay. F 4(et U-ed - " E!e*#e"(< Pl4# %/2/' ( 2rass faucet s6lit as shown at ( !uring a col! s6ell% an! as no suita2le 6lug to screw into the el2ow after re+o<ing the faucet was at han!% I !ro<e a s+all cor % B% into the en! of the faucet an! screwe! it 2ac in 6lace. The cor con<erte! the faucet into an

( Tight=*itting .or Dri<en into a .rac e! *aucet .on<erte! It into an #+ergency 7lug e+ergency 6lug which 6re<ente! lea age until the 6ro6er fitting to ta e its 6lace coul! 2e secure!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Ja+es M. Fane% Doylestown% 7a. A4to! t$( Ele(t*$( He t Re#4l to* %/22' It is co+6ose! of a close! glass tu2e% (% *ig. 1% connecte! 2y +eans of a <ery s+all lea! 6i6e% B% to another

glass tu2e% .% o6en at the 2otto+ an! ha<ing fi<e 6ieces of 6latinu+ wire :1% $% '% I an! L;% which 6ro8ect insi!e an! outsi!e of the tu2e% fuse! into one si!e. This tu2e is 6lunge! into an e2onite <essel of so+ewhat larger !ia+eter% which is fastene! to the 2ase 2y a co66er screw% #. The tu2e . is fille! to a certain height with +ercury an! then 6etroleu+. The outer en!s of the fi<e 6latinu+ wires are sol!ere! to or!inary co66er wires an! connections +a!e to <arious 6oints on a rheostat as shown. The !iagra+% *ig. $% shows how the connections to the su66ly current are +a!e. The a66aratus o6erates as follows4 The tu2e is i++erse! in the +atter to 2e heate!% a liJui!% for instance. (s

Eiring Diagra+ Showing How the .onnections to a Source of .urrent Su66ly are Ma!e the te+6erature of this rises% the air e56an!s an! e5erts 6ressure on the 6etroleu+ in the tu2e . so that the le<el of the +ercury is lowere!. The current is thus co+6elle!% as the 6latinu+ wires with the fall of the +ercury are 2rought out of circuit% to 6ass through an increasing resistance% until% if necessary% the flow is entirely sto66e! when the +ercury falls 2elow the wire L. Eith this <ery si+6le a66aratus the te+6erature can 2e e6t constant within a 10=!eg. li+it% an! it can 2e +a!e +uch +ore sensiti<e 2y increasing the nu+2er of 6latinu+ wires an! 6lacing the+ closer together% an! 2y filling the tu2e ( with so+e <ery <olatile su2stance% such as ether% for instance. The 6etroleu+ a2o<e the +ercury 6re<ents s6ar ing 2etween the 6latinu+ wire an! the +ercury when the latter falls 2elow anyone of the+. Re) $*$"# W -8e* o" Fl4-8 V l1e %/22'

Ehen the ru22er washer on the co66er flush <al<e of a soil=2asin tan 2eco+es loose it can 2e set 2y 6ouring a s+all Juantity of 6araffin 2etween the ru22er an! the co66er while the <al<e is in<erte!% care 2eing ta en to ha<e the ru22er ring centere!. This +a es

a re6air that will not allow a !ro6 of water to lea out of the tan . ==.ontri2ute! 2y *ran Jer+in% (l6ena% Michigan. Cle "$"# D$-(olo*ed S$l1e* %/22' ( <ery Juic way to clean sil<er when it is not tarnishe!% 2ut +erely !iscolore!% is to wash the articles in a wea solution of a++onia water. This re+o<es the 2lac stains cause! 2y sul6hur in the air. (fter cleaning the+ with the solution% they shoul! 2e washe! an! 6olishe! in +agnesia 6ow!er or with a cloth. This +etho! wor s well on sil<er s6oons tarnishe! 2y eggs an! can 2e use! e<ery !ay while other +etho!s reJuire +uch ti+e an!% therefore% cannot 2e use! so often. Ho3 to M ,e S! ll Ele(t*$( Moto* %/25' By E. (. D,B#DTS,/

The fiel! fra+e of the +otor% *ig. 1% is co+6ose! of wrought sheet iron% which +ay 2e of any thic ness so that% when se<eral 6ieces are 6lace! together% they will +a e a fra+e 'GI in. thic . It is necessary to layout a te+6late of the fra+e as shown% +a ing it 1G1) in. larger than the !i+ensions gi<en% to allow for filing to sha6e after the 6arts are fastene! together. (fter the te+6late is +ar e! out% !rill the four ri<et holes% cla+6 the te+6late% or 6attern% to the sheet iron an! +ar carefully with a scri2er. The 2ore can 2e +ar e! with a 6air of !i<i!ers% set at 1G8 in. This will +ar a line for the center of the holes to 2e !rille! with a 1GI=in. !rill for re+o<ing the unnecessary +etal. The 6oints for+e! 2y !rilling the holes can 2e file! to the 6attern siBe. Be sure to +ar an! cut out a sufficient nu+2er of 6lates to +a e a fra+e 'GI in. thic % or e<en 1G1) in. thic er% to allow for finishing. (fter the 6lates are cut out an! the ri<et holes !rille!% asse+2le an! ri<et the+ soli!ly% then 2ore it out to a !ia+eter of $='GI in. on a lathe. If the thic ness is sufficient% a slight finishing cut can 2e ta en on the face. Before re+o<ing the fiel! fro+ the lathe% +ar off a s6ace% '='G8 in. in !ia+eter% for the fiel! core with a shar6=6ointe! tool% an! for the outsi!e of the fra+e% I=1G$ in. in !ia+eter% 2y turning the lathe with the han!. Then the fiel! can 2e finishe! to these +ar s% which will +a e it unifor+ in siBe. Ehen the fra+e is finishe! so far% two holes% '='G8 in. 2etween centers% are !rille! an! ta66e! with a 'G8= in. ta6. These holes are for the 2earing stu!s. Two holes are also !rille! an! ta66e! for 1GI=in. screws% which fasten the hol!ing=!own lugs or feet to the fra+e. These lugs are +a!e of a 6iece of 1G8=in. 2rass or iron% 2ent at right angles as shown. The 2earing stu!s are now +a!e% as shown in *ig. $% an! turne! into the threa!e! holes in the fra+e. The 2earing su66orts are +a!e of two 6ieces of 1G8=in. 2rass% as shown in the left=han! s etch% *ig. '% which are fitte! on the stu!s in the fra+e. ( LG8= in. hole is

The *iel!=.oil .ore is Built 16 of 0a+inate! Erought Iron Di<ete! Together !rille! in the center of each of these su66orts% into which a 6iece of LG8=in. 2rass ro! is inserte!% sol!ere! into 6lace% an! !rille! to recei<e the ar+ature shaft. These 2earings shoul! 2e fitte! an! sol!ere! in 6lace after the ar+ature is constructe!. The +anner of !oing this is to wra6 a 6iece of 6a6er on the outsi!e of the finishe! ar+ature ring an! 6lace it through the o6ening in the fiel!% then sli6 the 2earings on the en!s of the shaft.

The Bearing Stu!s are Turne! fro+ Machine Steel Two of #ach 0ength 2eing DeJuire! If the holes in the 2earing su66ort shoul! 2e out of line% file the+ out to +a e the 6ro6er a!8ust+ent. Ehen the 2earings are locate!% sol!er the+ to the su66orts% an! 2uil! u6 the sol!er well. De+o<e the 6a6er fro+ the ar+ature ring an! see that the ar+ature re<ol<es freely in the 2earings without touching the insi!e of the fiel! at any 6oint. The su66orts are then re+o<e! an! the sol!er turne! u6 in a lathe% or otherwise finishe!. The shaft of the ar+ature% *ig. I% is turne! u6 fro+ +achine steel% lea<ing the finish of the 2earings until the ar+ature is co+6lete! an! fastene! to the shaft. The ar+ature core is +a!e u6 as

The (sse+2le! Bearing *ra+e on the *iel! .ore an! the (r+ature Shaft Ma!e of Machine Steel

follows4 Two 6ieces of wrought sheet iron% 1G8 in. thic % are cut out a little larger than calle! for 2y the !i+ensions gi<en in *ig. L% to allow for finishing to siBe. These are use! for the outsi!e 6lates an! enough 6ieces of /o. $I gauge sheet iron to fill u6 the 6art 2etween until the whole is o<er 'GI in. thic are cut li e the 6attern. (fter the 6ieces are cut out% cla+6 the+ together an! !rill si5 1G8=in. holes through the+ for ri<ets. Di<et the+ together% an! anneal the whole 6iece 2y 6lacing it in a fire an! heating the +etal to a cherry re!% then allowing it to cool in the ashes. Ehen anneale!% 2ore out the insi!e to 1=11G1) in. in !ia+eter an! fit in a 2rass s6i!er% which is +a!e as follows4 7rocure a 6iece of 2rass% 'GI in. thic % an! turn it u6 to the siBe shown an! file out the +etal 2etween the ar+s. Sli6 the s6i!er on the ar+ature shaft an! secure it soli!ly with the setscrew so that the shaft will not turn in the s6i!er when truing u6 the ar+ature core. *ile groo<es or slots in the ar+ature ring so that it will fit on the ar+s of the s6i!er. Be sure to ha<e the insi!e of the ar+ature core run true. Ehen this is acco+6lishe!% sol!er the ar+s of the s6i!er to the +etal of the ar+ature core. The shaft with the core is then 6ut in a lathe an! the outsi!e turne! off to the 6ro6er siBe. The si!es are also face! off an! finishe!. Ma e the core 'GI in. thic . De+o<e the core fro+ the lathe an! file out slots 1GI in. !ee6 an! 7G1) in. wi!e. The co++utator is turne! fro+ a 6iece of 2rass 6i6e% 'GI in. insi!e !ia+eter% as shown in *ig. )H The 6iece is 6lace! on a +an!rel an! turne! to 'GI in. in length an! 2oth en!s cha+fere! to an angle of )0 !eg. Di<i!e the surface into 1$ eJual 6arts% or seg+ents. *in! the centers of each seg+ent at one en!% then !rill a 1G8=in. hole an! ta6 it for a 6in. The 6ins are +a!e of 2rass% threa!e!% turne! into 6lace an! the en!s turne! in a lathe to an outsi!e !ia+eter of 1=1GI in. Ma e a slit with a s+all saw 2la!e in the en! of each 6in for the en!s of the wires co+ing fro+ the co++utator coils. Saw the ring into the 1$ 6arts on the lines 2etween the 6ins. The two insulating en!s for hol!ing these seg+ents are +a!e of fi2er turne! to fit the 2ore of the 2rass tu2ing% as shown in *ig. 7. 7rocure 1$ stri6s of +ica% the sa+e thic ness as the wi!th of the saw cut +a!e 2etween the seg+ents% an! use the+ as a filler an! insulation 2etween the co++utator 2ars. 7lace the+ on the fi2er hu2 an! sli6 the hu2 on the shaft% then cla+6 the whole in 6lace with the nut% as shown in *ig. '. True u6 the co++utator in a lathe to the siBe gi<en in *ig. ).

(r+ature=Ding .ore% Its Hu2 an! the .onstruction of the .o++utator an! Its Insulation The 2rush hol!er is sha6e! fro+ a6iece of fi2er% as shown in *ig. 8. The stu!s for hol!ing the 2rushes are cut fro+ LG1)=in. 2rass ro!% as shown in *ig. &. The 2rushes consist of 2rass or co66er wire gauBe% rolle! u6 an! flattene! out to 1G8 in. thic an! 1GI in. wi!e% one en! 2eing sol!ere! to ee6 the wires in 6lace. The hol!er is sli66e! on the 6ro8ecting outsi!e en! of the 2earing% as shown + *ig. '% an! hel! with a setscrew. The fiel! core is insulate! 2efore win!ing with 1G)I=in. sheet fi2er% washers% 1=1G8 in. 2y 1=1G$ in.% 2eing for+e! for the en!s% with a hole cut in the+ to fit o<er the insulation 6lace! on the cores. ( slit is cut through fro+ the hole to the outsi!e% an! then they are soa e! in war+ water% until they 2eco+e fle5i2le enough to 2e 6ut in 6lace. (fter they

ha<e !rie!% they are glue! to the core insulation. The fiel! is woun! with /o. 18 gauge !ou2le=cotton=co<ere! +agnet wire% a2out 100 ft. 2eing reJuire!. Drill a s+all hole through each of the lower en! insulating washers. In starting to win!% insert the en! of the wire through the hole fro+ the insi!e at ( *ig. 1% an! win! on four layers% which will ta e L0 ft. of the wire% an! 2ring the en! of the wire out at B. (fter one coil% or si!e% is woun! start at . in the sa+e +anner as at (% using the sa+e nu+2er of turns an! the sa+e length of wire. The two en!s are 8oine! at B. The ar+ature ring is insulate! 2y co<ering the insi!e an! 2rass s6i!er with 1G1)=in. sheet fi2er. Two rings of 1G1)=in sheet fi2er are cut an! glue! to the si!es of the ring. Ehen the glue is set% cut out the 6art within the slot en!s an! +a e 1$ channel 6ieces fro+ 1G)I=in. sheet fi2er% which are glue! in the slots an! to the fi2er washers. Be sure to ha<e the ring an! s6i!er co<ere! so the wire will not touch the iron or 2rass. #ach slot of the ar+ature is woun! with a2out 1$ ft. of /o. $1 gauge !ou2le=cotton= co<ere! +agnet wire. The win!ing is starte! at (% *ig. L% 2y 2en!ing the en! aroun! one of the 6ro8ections% then win! the coil in one of the slots as shown% +a ing I0 turns or four layers of 10 turns each shellac ing each layer as it is woun!. (fter the coil is co+6lete! in one slot allow a2out $ in. of the en! to 6rotru!e% to

The Insulate! Brush Hol!er an! Its Stu!s for Hol!ing the Brushes on the .o++utator fasten to the co++utator seg+ent. Ein! the ne5t slot with the sa+e nu+2er of turns in the sa+e +anner an! so on% until the 1$ slots are fille!. The 6rotru!ing en!s of the coils are connecte! to the 6ins in the co++utator seg+ents after the starting en! of one coils is 8oine! to the finishing en! of the ne5t a!8acent. (ll connections shoul! 2e securely sol!ere!. The whole +otor is fastene! with screws to a woo! 2ase% 8 in. long% ) in. wi!e an! 1 in. thic . Two ter+inals are fastene! at one si!e on the 2ase an! a switch at the other si!e. To connect the wires% after the +otor is on the stan!% the two en!s of the wire% shown at B% *ig. 1% are sol!ere! together. Dun one en! of the fiel! wire% shown at (% through a s+all hole in the 2ase an! +a e a groo<e on the un!er si!e so that the wire en! can 2e connecte! to one of the ter+inals The other en! of the fiel! wire . is connecte! to the 2rass screw in the 2rass 2rush stu!. .onnect a wire fro+ the other 2rush stu!% run it through a s+all hole in the 2ase an! cut a groo<e for it on the un!er si!e so that it can 2e connecte! through the switch an! the other ter+inal. This win!ing is for a series +otor. The source of current is connecte! to the ter+inals. The +otor can 2e run on a 110=<olt !irect current% 2ut a resistance +ust 2e 6lace! in series with it. P*ote(t$"# T$"3 *e %/27' /ew tinware ru22e! o<er with fresh lar! an! heate! will ne<er rust. A"ot8e* O)t$( l Ill4-$o" %/28' (fter ta ing a loo at the acco+6anying illustration you will 2e 6ositi<e that the cor!s shown run in a s6iral towar! the center% yet it shows a series of

The .or! Is /ot a S6iral 6erfect circles of cor!s 6lace! one insi!e the other. -ou can test this for yourself in a +o+ent with a 6air of co+6asses% or% still +ore si+6ly% 2y laying a 6oint of a 6encil on any 6art of the cor! an! following it roun!. Instea! of a66roaching or rece!ing fro+ the center in a continuous line% as in the case of a s6iral% you will fin! the 6encil returning to the 6oint fro+ which it starte!. S4.-t$t4te 0o* I"-4l t$"# Cle t- %/28' In wiring u6 !oor 2ells% alar+s an! tele6hones as well as e56eri+ental

wor the use of co++on felt gun wa!s +a e a <ery goo! cleat for the wires. They are use! in the +anner illustrate! in the acco+6anying s etch. The insulate! wire is 6lace! 2etween two wa!s an! fastene! with two nails or screws. If one wa! on the 2ac is not thic enough to ee6 the wire away fro+ the su66ort% 6ut on two wa!s 2ehin! an! one in front of the wire an! fasten in the sa+e +anner as !escri2e!. Ele(t*$( ll< O)e* ted I"d$( to* 0o* W$"d V "e %/28'

The acco+6anying 6hotogra6h shows a win! <ane connecte! with electric wires to an instru+ent at consi!era2le !istance which in!icates 2y +eans of a +agnetic nee!le the !irection of the win!. The 2earings of the <ane consist of the hea! of a wornout 2icycle. ( 1G$=in. iron 6i6e e5ten!s fro+ the <ane an! is hel! in 6lace 2y the cla+6 originally use! to secure the han!le 2ar of the 2icycle. In 6lace of the for s is attache! an eight=cylin!er gas engine ti+er which is slightly altere! in such a +anner that the 2rush is at all ti+es in contact% an! when 6ointing 2etween two contacts connects the+ 2oth. /ine wires run fro+ the ti+er% one fro+ each of the eight contacts% an! one% which ser<es as the groun! wire% is fastene! to the +etallic 2o!y. The ti+er is set at such a 6osition that when the <ane 6oints !irectly north% the 2rush of the ti+er +a es a connection in the +i!!le of a contact. Ehen the ti+er is hel! in this 6osition the 2rush will +a e connections with each of the contacts as the <ane re<ol<es. The in!icating !e<ice which is 6lace! in a con<enient 6lace in the house consists of

The Ein! Vane% Magnets an! In!icator eight I=oh+ +agnets fastene! u6on a l=in. 2oar!. These +agnets are 6lace! in a 10=in. circle% IL !eg. a6art an! with their faces 6ointing towar! the center. .o<ering these is a thin% woo! 2oar! u6on which is fastene! a neatly !rawn !ial rese+2ling a +arinerCs co+6ass car!. This is 6lace! o<er the +agnets in such a +anner that there will 2e a +agnet un!er each of the eight 6rinci6al 6oints +ar e! on the !ial. ,<er this !ial is a +agnetic nee!le or 6ointer% ) in. long% 6erfectly 2alance! on the en! of a stan!ar! an! a2o<e all is 6lace! a co<er ha<ing a glass to6. The eight wires fro+ the ti+er contacts connect with the outsi!e wires of the eight +agnets se6arately an! the insi!e wires fro+ the +agnets connect with the +etal 2race which hol!s the +agnets in 6lace. ( wire is then connecte! fro+ the +etal 2race to a 6ush 2utton% two or three cells of !ry 2attery an! to the groun! wire in connection with the ti+er The wires are connecte! in such a +anner that when the <ane is 6ointing in a certain !irection the 2attery will 2e connecte! in series with the coil un!er that 6art of the !ial re6resenting the !irection in which the <ane is 6ointing% thus +agnetiBing the core of the +agnet which attracts the o66osite 6ole of the nee!le towar! the face of the +agnet an! in!icating the way the win! is 2lowing. The 6ointer en! of the nee!le is 6ainte! 2lac . If the <ane 6oints in such a !irection that the ti+er 2rush connects two contacts% two +agnets will 2e +agnetiBe! an! the nee!le will 6oint +i!way 2etween the two lines re6resente! on the !ial% thus gi<ing 1) !ifferent !irections. (roun! the 6ointer en! of the nee!le is woun! a fine co66er wire% one en! of which e5ten!s !own to a2out 1G'$ in. of the !ial. This wire hol!s the nee!le in 6lace when the 6ointer en! is !irectly o<er the +agnet attracting itH the +agnet causing the nee!le to N!i6N will 2ring the wire in contact with the 6a6er !ial. Eithout this attach+ent% the nee!le woul! swing a few secon!s 2efore co+ing to a stan!still. The <ane itself is easily constructe! as can 2e seen in the illustration. It shoul! 2e

a2out ) ft. long to gi<e the 2est results. The +agnets use! can 2e 6urchase! fro+ any electrical store in 6airs which are calle! Ninstru+ent +agnets.N (ny auto+o2ile garage can su66ly the ti+er an! an ol! <alueless 2icycle fra+e is not har! to fin!. The co<er is easily +a!e fro+ a 6icture fra+e with four s+all 2oar!s arrange! to ta e the 6lace of the 6icture as shown. The outfit is <alua2le to a 6erson who is situate! where a <ane coul! not 2e 6lace! so as to 2e seen fro+ a win!ow an! es6ecially at night when it is har! to !eter+ine the !irection of the win!. By si+6ly 6ressing the 6ush 2utton on the si!e of the co<er% the nee!le will instantly 6oint to the 6art of the !ial fro+ which the win! is 2lowing. == .ontri2ute! 2y Ja+es 0. Blac +er% Buffalo% /. -. A Ho!e7M de Floo* Pol$-8e* %/50' (n ine56ensi<e floor 6olisher can 2e +a!e as follows4 Secure a woo!en 2o5 with a 2ase 8 2y 1$ in. an! a2out ) in. high% also a 6iece of new car6et% 1I 2y 18 in. .ut '=in. sJuares out of the four corners of the car6et an! 6lace the 2o5 sJuarely on it. Turn three of the fla6s of the car6et u6 an! tac the+ securely to the si!es of the 2o5. Before tac ing the fourth si!e% fol! a cou6le of news6a6ers to the right siBe an! sho<e the+ in 2etween the car6et an! the 2otto+ of the 2o5 for a cushion. *ill the 2o5 with any han!y 2allast% +a ing it hea<y or light% accor!ing to who is going to use it% an! securely nail on the to6 of the 2o5. The han!le can 2e +a!e fro+ an ol! 2roo+ han!le the whole of which will 2e none too long. Dri<e a hea<y screw eye into the 2ig en! of the han!le an! fasten to the 6olisher 2y a sta6le !ri<en through the eye into the center of the co<er% thus +a ing a uni<ersal 8oint. The siBe of the 2o5 gi<en here is the 2est although any siBe near that% if not too high% will answer the 6ur6ose 8ust as well. The 2o5 is 6ushe! or 6ulle! o<er the floor an! the 6a!!e! si!e will 6ro!uce a fine 6olish. Ho3 to M ,e L d<;- C *d7C -e %/50'

( car!=case such as is shown here +a es a <ery a66ro6riate 6resent for any la!y. To +a e it% secure a 6iece of NooBeN calf s in leather I=1G$ 2y 10=1G$ in. The one shown in the acco+6anying 6icture was +a!e of a rich tan ooBe of light weight an! was line! with a grey=green goat s in. The !esign was stencile! an! the o6en 6arts 2ac e! with a green sil 6lush ha<ing a rather hea<y na6. The lining of goat s in nee! not co<er +ore than the central 6art=not the flies. ( 6iece I=1G$ 2y L in. will 2e sufficient. ( 6iece of 6lush 1=1GI 2y ) in. will 2e enough for the two si!es. Begin wor 2y sha6ing the larger 6iece of leather as shown in the !rawing. (llow a little +argin at the to6 an! 2otto+% howe<er% to 6er+it tri++ing the e!ges slightly after the 6arts ha<e 2een sewe! together. ( nife or a 6air of scissors will !o to cut the leather with% though a s6ecial nife% calle! a chi6 car<ing nife% is +ost satisfactory. The ne5t thing is to 6ut in the +ar s for the outline of the !esigns an! the 2or!ers. ( tool ha<ing a 6oint sha6e! as in the illustration is co++only use!. It is calle! a +o!eling tool for leather an! +ay 2e 6urchase!% or% one can 2e +a!e fro+ an or!inary nut 6ic 2y ta ing off the shar6ness with fine e+ery 6a6er so that it will not cut the leather. To wor these outlines% first +oisten the leather on the 2ac with as +uch water as it will ta e an! still not show through on the face si!e. 7lace the leather on so+e le<el% nona2sor2ent surface an! with the tool==an! a straighte!ge on the straight lines==in!ent the leather as shown. The easiest way is to 6lace the 6a6er 6attern on the leather an! +ar on the 6a6er. The in!entations will 2e transferre! without the necessity of 6utting any lines on the leather.

Design for the .o<er of 0a!yCs .ar!=.ase Eith the nife cut out the stencils as shown. 7aste the sil 6lush to the inner si!e% 2eing careful not to get any of the 6aste so far out that it will show. ( goo! leather 6aste will 2e reJuire!.

0eather Tools

.o+6lete .ar! .ase /e5t 6lace the lining% fol! the flies along the lines in!icate! in the !rawing. Hol! the 6arts together an! stitch the+ on a sewing=+achine. (n or!inary sewing=+achine

will !o if a goo! stout nee!le is use!. ( sil threa! that will +atch the leather shoul! 2e use!. Fee6 the ooBe si!e of the lining out so that it will show% rather than the s+ooth si!e. Eith the nife an! straighte!ge tri+ off the sur6lus +aterial at the to6 an! 2otto+ an! the 2oo is rea!y for use. Ho!e7M de F$*e E9t$"#4$-8e* %/5&' Dissol<e $0 l2. of co++on salt an! 10 l2. of sal a++oniac in 7 gal. of water% an! 6ut the solution in thin glass 2ottles% cor tightly an! seal to 6re<ent e<a6oration. The 2ottles shoul! hol! a2out 1 Jt. If a fire 2rea s out% throw one of the 2ottles in or near the fla+es% or 2rea off the nec an! scatter the contents on the fire. It +ay 2e necessary to use se<eral 2ottles to Juench the fla+es. C*4t(8 M de o0 " Old B*oo! %/5+' (n e+ergency crutch +a!e of a worn=out 2roo+ is an e5cellent su2stitute for a woo! crutch% es6ecially when one or +ore crutches are nee!e! for a short ti+e% as in cases of a s6raine! an le% te+6orary la+eness% or a hi6 that has 2een wrenche!. Shorten an! hollow out the 2rush of the 2roo+ an! then 6a! the hollow 6art with cotton 2atting% co<ering it with a 6iece of cloth sewe! in 6lace. Such a crutch !oes not heat the ar+ 6it an! there is an elasticity a2out it not to 2e ha! in the woo!en crutch. The crutch can 2e +a!e to fit either chil! or a!ult an! owing to its chea6ness% can 2e thrown away when no longer nee!e!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Fatharine D. Morse% Syracuse% /. -.

To< D *t- "d P * (84te- %/5+' ( !art :*ig. 1) is +a!e of a cor ha<ing a tin ca6% a nee!le an! so+e feathers. The nee!le is run through the center of the cor ( an! a 6in or 6iece of steel is 6ut through the eye of the nee!le. Ta e a Juantity of s+all

Dart 7arts an! 7a6er 7arachute feathers% B% an! tie the+ together securely at the 2otto+. Bore a hole in the center of the ca6 .% an! fasten the feathers insi!e of it. *asten the ca6 on the cor an! the !art is rea!y for use. Ehen throwing the !art at a target stan! fro+ ) to 10 ft. away fro+ it. The 6arachute is +a!e 2y cutting a 6iece of 6a6er 1L in. sJuare an! tying a 6iece of

string to each corner. The strings shoul! 2e a2out 1L in. long. Tie all four strings together in a not at the en! an! fasten the+ in the to6 of a cor with a s+all tac . It is 2est to 2e as high as 6ossi2le when flying the 6arachute as the air currents will sail it high an! fast. Ta e hol! of the 6arachute 2y the cor an! run it through the air with the win!% letting it go at ar+Cs length. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. 9or!on De+6sey% 7aterson% /.J. A Tool 0o* L$0t$"# C " Co1e*- %/5+' ( han!y tool for 6rying u6 <arnish 6aint% syru6 an! si+ilar can co<ers car 2e +a!e fro+ an ol! for file! !own

Ma!e of an ,l! *or to the sha6e shown in the illustration. The en! is file! to an e!ge% 2ut not shar6. == .ontri2ute! 2y Ben 9re2in% (shlan!% Eis. >ee)$"# R t- 0*o! C8$(,e" Coo) %/5+'

(fter trying for +onths to ee6 the rats fro+ tunneling their way into +y chic en coo6 2y filling in the holes% laying 6oisone! +eat an! +eal% setting tra6s% etc.% I !e<ise! a si+6le an! effecti<e +etho! to 6re<ent the+ fro+ !oing har+. My roosting coo6 is L 2y 1L ft. There is a 1=in. 2oar! all aroun! the 2otto+ on the insi!e. I use! wire +esh ha<ing 1G$=in. o6enings an! for+e! it into the sha6e of a large tray with e!ges ) in. high% the corners 2eing wire!% an! tac e! it to the 2oar!s. This not only ee6s the rats out% 2ut 6re<ents the chic ens fro+ !igging holes% thus hel6ing the rats to enter. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John (. Hellwig% (l2any% /. -. Ho!e! de Tele)8o"e Re(e$1e* %/5/' The recei<er illustrate! herewith is to 2e use! in connection with the trans+itter !escri2e! elsewhere in this <olu+e. The 2o!y of the recei<er% (% is +a!e of a large woo!en ri22on s6ool. ,ne en! is re+o<e! entirely% the other sawe! in two on the line . an! a flange% *% is cut on the woo!% 1G8 in. wi!e an! 1G1) in. !ee6. ( flange the sa+e siBe is +a!e on the en! D that was sawe! off% an! the outsi!e 6art ta6ere! towar! the hole as shown. The +agnet is +a!e of a '0=6enny nail% B% cut to the length of the s6ool% an! a coil of wire% #% woun! on the hea! en!. The coil is 1 in. long% +a!e u6 of four layers of /o. $$ gauge co66er +agnet wire% allowing the en!s to e5ten! out a2out ) in. The nail with the coil is then 6ut into the hole of the s6ool as shown. The !ia6hrag+ .% which is the essential 6art of the instru+ent% shoul! 2e +a!e as carefully as 6ossi2le fro+ ferroty6e tin% co++only calle! tinty6e tin. The !ia6hrag+ is 6lace! 2etween the flanges on the s6ool an! the en! D that was sawe! off. The en! 6iece an! !ia6hrag+ are 2oth fastene! to the s6ool with two or three slen!er woo! screws% as shown. ( s+all woo!en or fi2er en!% 9% is fitte! with two 2in!ing 6osts which are connecte! to the en!s of the wire left 6ro8ecting fro+ the +agnet win!ing. The 2in!ing 6osts are attache! to the line an! a trial gi<en. The 6ro6er !istance +ust 2e foun! 2etween the !ia6hrag+ an! the hea! of the nail. This can 2e acco+6lishe! 2y +o<ing the nail an! +agnet in the hole of the s6ool. Ehen the !istance to 6ro!uce the right soun! is foun!% the nail an! +agnet can 2e +a!e fast 2y filling the o6en s6ace with +elte! sealing wa5. The en! 9 is now fastene! to the en! of the s6ool% an! the recei<er is rea!y for use.

Ho3 to Cle " ?e3el*< %/5/' To cleanse articles of sil<er% gol!% 2ronBe an! 2rass use a saturate! solution of cyani!e of 6otassiu+. To clean s+all articles% !i6 each one into the solution an! rinse i++e!iately in hot waterH then !ry an! 6olish with a linen cloth. 0arger articles are cleane! 2y ru22ing the surface with a s+all tuft of cotton saturate! in the solution. (s cyani!e of 6otassiu+ is a !ea!ly 6oison% care +ust 2e ta en not to ha<e it touch any sore s6ot on the flesh. O*" !e"t l I*o" Flo3e* St "d %/5/' The illustration shows an orna+ental iron stan! constructe! to hol! a glass or china <ase. This stan! can 2e +a!e 2y first !rawing an outline of the <ase on a hea<y 6iece of 6a6er. The <ase is to ha<e three su66orts. The sha6e of the scrolls for+ing each su66ort shoul! 2e !rawn on the 6a6er

The Stan! with Vase aroun! the sha6e of the <ase. ( single line will 2e sufficient% 2ut care +ust 2e ta en to get the sha6es of the scrolls true. Ta e a 6iece of string or% 2etter still% a 6iece of s+all wire% an! 6ass it aroun! the scroll sha6e on the 6a6er. This will gi<e the e5act length of the iron reJuire! to +a e the scroll. (s sheet +etal is use! for +a ing the scrolls% it can 2e cut in the right lengths with a 6air of tinnerCs shears. Ta e a 6air of roun!=nose 6liers% 2egin with the s+allest scrolls% an! 2en! each stri6 in sha6e% using the flat=nose 6liers when necessary to ee6 the iron straight% 6lacing it on the s etch fro+ ti+e to ti+e to see that the scrolls are e6t to the sha6e reJuire!. The scrolls are ri<ete! an! 2olte! together. The su66orts are fastene! together with rings of stri6 iron 'G8 in. wi!e% to

which the su66orts are fastene! with ri<ets. The +etal can 2e co<ere! with any !esire! color of ena+el 6aint. Ho3 to M ,e Co$" P4*-e %/52'

The !i+ensions for a leather coin 6urse are as follows4 fro+ ( to B% as shown in the s etch% )='G8 in.H fro+ . to D% I=1GI in.H fro+ # to *% '=1G$ in. an!

0eather Design for a 7urse fro+ 9 to H% '=1GI in. Dussian calf +o!eling leather is the +aterial use!. ( sha!e of 2rown is 2est as it !oes not soil easily% an! !oes not reJuire coloring. .ut out the leather to the siBe of the 6attern% then +oisten the surface on the rough si!e with a s6onge soa e! in water. Be careful not to +oisten the leather too +uch or the water will go through to the s+ooth si!e. Ha<e the !esign !rawn or trace! on the 6attern. Then lay the 6attern on the s+ooth si!e of the leather an! trace o<er the !esign with the s+all en! of the leather tool or a har!% shar6 6encil. Trace also the line aroun! the 6urse. Da+6en the leather as often as is necessary to ee6 it 6ro6erly +oistene!. (fter ta ing off the 6attern% retrace the !esign !irectly on the leather to +a e it +ore !istinct% using a !uller 6oint of the tool. 7ress or +o!el !own the leather all aroun! the !esign% +a ing it as s+ooth as 6ossi2le with the roun! si!e of the tool. Eor !own the outsi!e line of the !esign% thus raising it. *ol! the leather on the line #*. .ut another 6iece of leather the siBe of the si!e #.BD of the 6urse% an! after 6utting the wrong si!es of the leather together% stitch aroun! the e!ge as !esignate! 2y the letters a2o<e +entione!. Do not +a e this 6iece co+e Juite u6 to the line #*% so that the coins +ay 2e +ore easily 6ut in an! ta en out. (2out 1 in. fro+ the lines #* on the 6iece% stitch in a stri6 of leather a2out 1GI in. wi!e when stitch= ing u6 the 6urse% through which to sli6 the fly (9H. W$"do3 A"t$7F*o-t Sol4t$o" %/52' ( win!ow glass +ay 2e e6t fro+ frosting 2y ru22ing o<er the inner surface a solution of LL 6arts of glycerine an! 1%000 6arts of )0 6er cent alcohol. The o!or +ay 2e i+6ro<e! 2y a!!ing a little oil of a+2er. This solution will also 6re<ent a glass fro+ sweating in war+ weather.

Ho3 to M ,e

T4*.$"e E"#$"e %/55'

In the following article is !escri2e! a +achine which anyone can +a e% an! which will 2e <ery interesting% as well as useful. It can 2e +a!e without the use of a lathe% or other tools usually out of reach of the a+ateur +echanic. It is neat an! efficient% an! a +o!el for s6ee! an! 6ower. Ba22itt +etal is the +aterial use! in its construction% 2eing cast in woo!en +ol!s. The casing for the wheel is cast in hal<es==a fact which +ust 2e e6t in +in!. *irst% 6rocure a 6lane! 6ine 2oar! 1 2y 1$ in. 2y 1$ ft. long. .ut off si5

6ieces 1$ in. sJuare% an!% with a co+6ass saw% cut out one 6iece as shown in *ig. 1% following the !otte! lines% lea<ing the lug a% an! the 6ro8ections B an! 2 to 2e cut out with a 6oc et nife. Ma e the lug 1GI in. !ee6% an! the 6ro8ections B% 2% 1G$ in. !ee6. The entire cut shoul! 2e slightly 2e<ele!. /ow ta e another 6iece of woo!% an! cut out a wheel% as shown in *ig. $. This also shoul! 2e slightly 2e<ele!. Ehen it is finishe!% 6lace it on one of the sJuare 6ieces of woo!% with the largest si!e !own% then 6lace the sJuare 6iece out of which *ig. 1 was cut% aroun! the wheel% with the o6en si!e !own. :Ee shall call that si!e of a +ol! out of which a casting is !rawn% the No6enN si!e.; 7lace it so that it is e<en at the e!ge with the un!er sJuare 6iece an! 6lace the wheel so that the s6ace 2etween the wheel an!

the other 6iece of woo! is an e<en 1G8 in. all the way aroun!. Then nail the wheel !own fir+ly% an! tac the other 6iece slightly. 7rocure a thin 2oar! 1GI in. thic % an! cut it out as shown in *ig. 'H then nail it% with 6ins or s+all nails% on the center of one of the sJuare 6ieces of woo!. *it this to the two

6ieces 8ust finishe!% with the thin wheel !own==2ut first 2oring a 'GI=in. hole 1GI in. !ee6% in the center of itH an! 2oring a 'G8=in.

hole entirely through at the sa+e 6lace. /ow 6ut +ol! /o.1 :for that is what we shall call this +ol!; in a <ise% an! 2ore si5 1GI=in. holes through it. Be careful to ee6 these holes well out in the soli! 6art% as shown 2y the 2lac !ots in *ig. 1. Ta e the +ol! a6art% an! clean all the sha<ings out of itH then 2olt it together% an! lay it away to !ry.

/ow ta e another of the 1$=in. sJuare 6ieces of woo!% an! cut it out as shown in *ig. I% slightly 2e<ele!. (fter it is finishe!% 6lace it 2etween two of the 1$=in. sJuare 6ieces of woo!% one of which shoul! ha<e a 'G8=in. hole 2ore! through its center. Then 2olt together with si5 1GI=in. 2olts% as shown 2y the

2lac !ots in *ig. I% an! lay it away to !ry. This is +ol! /o.$. /ow ta e +ol! /o.1H see that the 2olts are all tightH lay it on a le<el 6lace% an! 6our 2a22itt +etal into it% until it is full. 0et it stan! for half an hour% then loosen the 2olts an! re+o<e the casting. /ow cut out one of the 1$=in.=sJuare 6ieces of woo! as shown in *ig. L. This is the sa+e as *ig. 1% only the one is left=han!e!% the other right=han!e!. 7ut this together in +ol! /o.1% instea! of the right=han!e! 6ieceH an! run in 2a22itt +etal again. The casting thus +a!e will face together with the casting 6re<iously +a!e. 7our +etal into +ol! /o.$. This will cast a 6a!!le=wheel% which is inten!e! to turn insi!e of the casting alrea!y +a!e. If there shoul! ha66en to 2e any

holes or s6ots% where the casting !i! not fill out% fill the+ 2y 6lacing a s+all 6iece of woo! with a hole in it% o<er the !efecti<e 6art% an! 6ouring +etal in to fill it u6. If you cannot o2tain the use of a !rill 6ress% ta e an or!inary 2race% fasten a 'G8=in. !rill in it% an! 2ore a hole through the en! of a stri6 a2out $ in. wi!e an! 1) in. longH 6ut the to6 of the 2race through this hole% an! fasten the other en! of the stri6 to a 2ench% as shown in illustration. *in! the center of the 6a!!le=wheel% 6lace it un!er the !rill% true it u6 with a sJuareH an! !rill it entirely through. *in! the centers of the insi!es of the other two castings% an! !rill the+ in the sa+e +anner. ( 6iece of +il! steel L in. long% an! 'G8=in. in !ia+eter +ust now 2e o2taine!. This is for a shaft. .o++encing 1=1G$ in. fro+ the one en!% file the shaft off flat for a !istance of 1 in. Then cut a slot in the 6a!!le=wheel% an! 6lace the shaft insi!e of the 6a!!lewheel% with the flat 6art of the shaft turne! to face the slot in the wheel. 7our +etal into the slot to ey the wheel on to the shaft. The 6a!!le=wheel is now rea!y to 2e fitte! insi!e of the casing. It +ay 2e necessary to file so+e of the en!s off the 6a!!les% in or!er to let the 6a!!le=wheel go into the casing. (fter it is fitte! in% so that it will turn easily% 6lace the entire +achine in a <ise% an! 2ore three 1GI=in. holes% one in the lug% one in the 6ro8ections% B% 2% an! the other in the 2ase% as shown 2y the 2lac !ots in *ig. ). (lso 2ore the 6ort=hole in 6ro8ection B% an! the e5haust hole in 6ro8ection 2% an! two 1GI=in. holes at !% !% *ig. ). .ut out a 6iece of gas et an! fit it 2etween the two castings. Then 2olt the castings together% screw !own% an! connect to the 2oiler.

1sing the Brace

The rea!er +ust either cast a 6ulley out of 2a22itt +etal% or else go to a +achinist an! get a collar turne!% with a 2oss an! a set screw% an! with three s+all screw holes aroun! the e!ge. .ut out a s+all woo! wheel an! screw the collar fast to it% fasten it to the shaft of the tur2ine an! turn on the stea+. Then ta e a nife or a chisel% an!% while it is running at full s6ee!% turn the wheel to the sha6e !esire!. -our tur2ine engine is now rea!y for wor % an! if instructions ha<e 2een carefully followe!% will !o goo! ser<ice. P $"t$"# A C * %/57' Ehen 6ainting the auto+o2ile 2o!y an! chassis 2e sure to stuff the oil holes with felt or waste 2efore a66lying the 6aint. If this caution is not o2ser<e! the holes will 2eco+e clogge! with 6aint which will 6re<ent any oil reaching the 2earing. Ho3 To B4$ld A" I(e Bo t %/57' The ice 2oat is each year 2eco+ing +ore 6o6ular. (nyone with e<en s+all e56erience in using tools can

( *our=Dunner Ice -acht construct such a craft% an! the 6leasure +any ti+es re6ays the effort. Ta e two 6ieces of woo! $ 2y ) in.% one ) ft. an! the other 8 ft. long. (t each en! of the )= ft. 6iece an! at right angles to it% 2olt a 6iece of har!woo! $ 2y I 2y 1$ in. Doun! off the lower e!ge of each 6iece to fit an ol! s ate. Ha<e a 2lac s+ith 2ore holes through the to6 of the s ates an! screw one of the+ to each of the 6ieces of har!woo!.

7lan of Ice Boat

These s ates +ust 2e e5actly 6arallel or there will 2e trou2le the first ti+e the craft is use!. ,<er the +i!!le of the )=ft. 6iece an! at right angles to it% 2olt the 8=ft. 6lan % lea<ing 1 ft. 6ro8ecting as in *ig. 1. The ru!!er s ate is fastene! to a 6iece of har!woo! $ 2y $ 2y 1$ in. as the runners were fastene!. This 6iece shoul! 2e +ortise! ' 2y ' 2y I in. in the to6 2efore the s ate is 6ut on. *igure $ shows the ru!!er 6ost. ( 6iece of har!woo! 1 2y ) 2y ) in.

Details of Ice Boat .onstruction shoul! 2e screwe! to the un!er si!e of the 8=ft. 6lan at the en! with the grain running crosswise. Through this 2ore a hole 1=1G$=in. in !ia+eter in or!er that the ru!!er 6ost +ay fit nicely. The tiller% *ig. '% shoul! 2e of har!woo!% an! a2out 8 in. long. To the un!er si!e of the 8=ft. 6lan 2olt a 6iece of ti+2er $ 2y I 2y $$ in. in front of the ru!!er 2loc % an! to this cross 6iece an! the )=ft. 6lan nail 8=in. 2oar!s to +a e the 6latfor+. The s6ar shoul! 2e & ft. long an! $=1G$ in. in !ia+eter at the 2ase% ta6ering to 1=1G$ in. at the to6. This fits in the sJuare hole% *ig. 1. The horn shoul! 2e L=1G$ ft. long% $ 2y ' in. at the 2utt an! 1 in. at the en!. *igure I gi<es the sha6e an! !i+ensions of the +ainsail which can 2e +a!e of +uslin. Dun the sea+ on a +achine% 6ut a stout cor! in the he+ an! +a e loo6s at the corners. *igure ) shows the way of rigging the gaff to the s6ar. *igure 7 shows the +etho! of crotching the +ain 2oo+ an! *ig. 8 a reef 6oint not% which +ay co+e in han!y in hea<y win!s. Ma e your runners as long as 6ossi2le% an! if a 2lac s+ith will +a e an iron or steel runner for you% so +uch the 2etter will 2e your 2oat. Ele(t*$( R t E9te*!$" to* %/58' So+e ti+e ago we were trou2le! 2y nu+erous large rats aroun! the sho6% 6articularly in a storehouse a2out 100 ft. !istant% where they often !i! consi!era2le !a+age. ,ne of the 2oys thought he woul! try a 6lan of electrical e5ter+ination% an! in or!er to carry out his 6lan he 6ic e! u6 an ol! Binc floor 6late that ha! 2een use! un!er a sto<e an! +ounte! a woo!en !is ) in. in !ia+eter in the center. ,n this !is he 6lace! a s+all tin 6an a2out ) in. in !ia+eter% 2eing careful that none of the fastening nails +a!e an electrical connection 2etween the Binc 6late an! the tin 6an. This a66aratus was 6lace! on the floor of the warehouse where it was 6lainly <isi2le fro+ a win!ow in the sho6 where we wor e! an! a wire was run fro+ the 6an an!

another fro+ the Binc 6late through the inter<ening yar! an! into the sho6. ( goo! siBe! in!uction coil was through connecte! with these wires an! a2out si5 !ry 2atteries were use! to run the in!uction coil whene<er a 6ush 2utton was +ani6ulate!. It is Juite e<i!ent that when a rat 6ut its two fore feet on the e!ge of the 6an in or!er to eat the +ush which it containe!% that an electrical connection woul! 2e +a!e through the 2o!y of the rat% an! when we 6ushe! the 2utton u6 in the sho6 the rat woul! 2e thrown $ or ' ft. in the air an! let out a terrific sJuea . The arrange+ent 6ro<e! Juite too effecti<e% for after a wee the rats all !e6arte! an! the 2oys all regrette! that their fun was at an en!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John D. (!a+s% 7hoeni5% (riB.

#lectric Dat Tra6 Ho3 to M ,e S$!)le F$*e Al *! %/5:'

( fire alar+ which is 2oth ine56ensi<e an! si+6le in construction is shown in the illustration. Its 6arts are as follows4 (% s+all 6iece of woo!H B% 2loc of woo! naile! to (H S S. two 6ieces of sheet 2rass a2out 1GI in. wi!e% 2ent into a hoo at each en!H 7% 7% 2in!ing=6osts fastening the s6rings S S% to 2loc B% so that they co+e in contact at .. E is a 6iece of wa5 crayon 8ust long enough to 2rea the contact at . when inserte! as shown in the illustration. Ehen these 6arts ha<e 2een 6ut together in the +anner !escri2e!% connect the !e<ice in circuit with an electric 2ell% an! 6lace it 2ehin! a sto<e.

Si+6le *ire (lar+ Ehen the sto<e 2eco+es too hot the wa5 will +elt at the en!s% allowing the s6rings to contact at .% an! the alar+ 2ell will ring. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. D. .o+stoc % Mechanics2urg% 7a. To B4$ld Me**<7Go7Ro4"d %/5:'

This is a <ery si+6le !e<ice% 2ut one that will affor! any a+ount of a+use+ent. The

center 6ost rests in an auger hole 2ore! in an ol! stu+6 or in a 6ost set in the groun!. The stu+6 +a es the 2est su66ort. The center 6ole shoul! 2e 10 ft. high. (n ol! wheel is +ounte! at the to6 of the 6ole% an! the 6ole wor s in the wheel as an a5le% says the (+erican Boy. The wheel is anchore! out 2y se<eral guy

Ho+e=Ma!e Merry=9o=Doun! wires. The seat ar+s +ay 2e any length !esire!. ( 6assenger ri!es in each seat an! the +otor+an ta es his station at the +i!!le. A*.o* W8eel- %/5:' #+ery wheel ar2ors shoul! 2e fitte! with flanges or washers ha<ing a slight conca<e to their face. No1elt< Clo(, 0o* t8e >$t(8e" %/60' (n ine56ensi<e an! easy way to +a e an uniJue orna+ent of a cloc

The .loc with Hol!er for itchen use is to ta e an ol! alar+ cloc or a new one if 6referre!% an! +a e it into a cloc to hang on the wall. Ta e the glass% !ial an! wor s out of the shell an! cut so+e 6ieces out of the +etal so that when the 6ieces left are turne! 2ac it will ha<e the a66earance as in *ig. 1. Then get a 10=cent frying 6an% ) in. in !ia+eter% an! !rill a hole in the center so the shaft for the han!s will easily 6ass through an! e5ten! out far enough to re6lace the two han!s. 7ut the wor s 2ac in the +etal shell an! sol!er it to the frying 6an 2y the 6ieces turne! out as in *ig. $. 9il! the 6an all o<er% inclu!ing the

han!le% an! 6rint 2lac figures in the s+all circles. .alen!ar figures can 2e 6aste! on s+all circles an! these 6aste! on the frying 6an. The 6arts can 2e !i<i!e! into +inutes with s+all lines the sa+e as shown in the !rawing. Ma e new han!s that are long enough to reach the figures fro+ sheet 2rass or tin an! 6aint the+ 2lac . ==.ontri2ute! 2y .arl 7. Her!% Da<en6ort% Iowa Ho3 to M ,e S! ll S$l1e* Pl t$"# O4t0$t %/60'

Ta e an or!inary glass fruit 8ar or any other rece6tacle in glass% not +etal% which will hol! 1 Jt. of liJui! an! fill it with rain or !istille! water an! then a!! 'GI oB. of sil<er chlori!e an! 1=1G$ oB. of c.6. 6otassiu+ cyani!e. 0et this !issol<e an! incor6orate well with the water 2efore using. Ta e an or!inary wet 2attery an! fasten two co66er wires to the ter+inals an! fasten the other en!s of the wires to two 6ieces of hea<y co66er wire or 1GI=in. 2rass 6i6e. The wires +ust 2e well sol!ere! to the 2rass 6i6e to +a e a goo! connection. Ehen the solution is +a!e u6 an! entirely !issol<e! the outfit is rea!y for 6lating. 7rocure a s+all 6iece of sil<er% a sil<er 2utton% ring% chain or anything +a!e entirely of sil<er an! fasten a s+all co66er wire to it an! hang on the 2rass 6i6e with connections to the car2on of the 2attery. .lean the article to 2e 6late! well with 6u+ice an! a 2rush saturate! in water. Ehen cleaning any article there shoul! 2e a co66er wire attache! to it. Do not touch the article after you once start to clean it% or the 6laces touche! 2y your fingers will cause the sil<er 6late to 6eel off when finishe!. Ehen well scoure!% run clear% col! water o<er the article an! if it a66ears greasy% 6lace in hot water. Ehen well cleane! 6lace in the 6lating 2ath an! carefully watch the results. If s+all 2u22les co+e to the surface you will now that you ha<e too +uch of the ano!e or the 6iece of sil<er hanging in the solution an! you

7lating Jar an! Battery +ust !raw out enough of the 6iece until you can see no +ore 2u22les. 0ea<e the 6iece to 2e 6late! in the solution for a2out one=half hour% then ta e the article out an! with a tooth 2rush an! so+e 6u+ice% clean the yellowish scu+ off% rinse in clear water an! !ry in saw!ust. Ehen thoroughly !ry% ta e a cotton flannel rag an! so+e 6olishing 6ow!er an! 6olish the article. The article +ust ha<e a fine 6olish 2efore 6lating if it is !esire! to ha<e a finely 6olishe! surface after the 6late is 6ut on. In or!er to see if your 2attery is wor ing% ta e a s+all co66er wire an! touch one en! to the ano!e 6i6e an! the other en! to the 6i6e hol!ing the article to 2e 6late!. Ehen these two 6arts touch there will 2e a s+all s6ar . (lways ta e the Bincs out of the solution when not in use an! the 2atteries will last longer. This !escri6tion a66lies only to sil<er 6lating. (rticles of lea!% 6ewter% tin or any soft +etal cannot 2e sil<er 6late! unless the article is first co66er 6late!. Re!o1$"# T$#8t7F$tt$"# R$"# 0*o! F$"#e* %/6&'

Ehen a ring cannot 2e re+o<e! easily fro+ the finger% ta e a string or threa! an! !raw one en! through 2etween the ring an! the flesh. .oil the other en! of the string aroun! the finger co<ering the 6art fro+ the ring to an! o<er the finger 8oint. 1ncoil the string 2y ta ing the en! 6lace! through the ring an! at the sa+e ti+e ee6 the ring close u6 to the string. In this way the ring can 2e easily

Era66ing the *inger sli66e! o<er the nuc le an! off fro+ the finger. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. F. Miller% Matietta% 7enn. A P8oto#* )8$( ?$#7S 3 P4AAle %/6&' Ta e any 6hotogra6hic 6rint an! +ount it on hea<y car!2oar!% or% if you

7icture Mar e! for .utting ha<e a 8ig saw% a thin s+ooth woo! 2oar! an! +ar out <arious sha6e! 6ieces as shown in the acco+6anying cut. If the 6icture is +ounte! on car!2oar!% the lines can 2e cut through with a shar6 6ointe! nife. If you ha<e a 8ig saw% you can +a e a 2ro= +i!e enlarge+ent fro+ the negati<e you ha<e selecte! an! +ount the 6rint on a s+ooth 2oar! that is not too thic . This woo!=+ounte! 6icture can 2e sawe! out +a ing all sha6es of 2loc s% which for+s a 6erfect 8ig=saw 6uBBle. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #rich 0eh+ann% /ew -or .ity. Roll$"# U)8$ll Ill4-$o" %/6&' This interesting as well as entertaining illusion% can 2e +a!e 2y anyone ha<ing a woo!=turning lathe. ( soli!% si+ilar to two cones 6lace! 2ase to 2ase% is accurately turne! in a lathe% the si!es slo6ing to an angle of IL !eg. The s6in!le can 2e turne! out of the soli! at the sa+e ti+e as the coneH or% after turning the cone% !ri<e an iron or woo! shaft through the center +a ing a tight fit. The 2oar!s for the trac are +a!e with a slo6ing e!ge on which the cone is to roll. This slo6e will !e6en! on the !ia+eter of the cone% which can 2e any siBe fro+ ' to 1$ in. The slo6e shoul! not 2e too flat% or the cone will not roll% an! it shoul! 2e such that the

The Illusion one en! will 2e higher than the other 2y a little less than half the !ia+eter of the cone. Thus it will 2e seen that the !ia+eter of the cone !eter+ines the length of the slo6e of the trac s. ( notch shoul! 2e cut in the trac s% as in!icate!% for the shaft to !ro6 into at the en! of the course. The lower en! of the trac s are close! until the high e!ge of the cone rests u6on the insi!e e!ges of the trac s an! the high en! s6rea! sufficiently to ta e the full wi!th of the cone an! to allow the shaft to fall into the notches. Ehen the cone an! trac s are <iewe! fro+ the 2roa!si!e the !ece6tion will 2e +ore 6erfect% an! will not 2e !isco<ere! until the construction of the +o!el is seen fro+ all si!es. Shoul! it 2e !ifficult to +a e the cone fro+ woo!% a goo! su2stitute can 2e +a!e fro+ two funnels. ==.ontri2ute! 2y I. 9. Bayley% .a6e May 7oint% /.J. A""e l$"# C8$-el Steel %/6+' 7ersons who ha<e occasion to use tool or car2on steel now an! then an! !o not ha<e access to an assorte! stoc of this +aterial fin! that the in! +ost rea!ily o2taine! at the har!ware store is the unanneale! steel nown as chisel steel. Machining or filing such steel is e5cee!ingly slow an! !ifficult% 2esi!es the !estruction of toolsH as a +atter of fact this steel is inten!e! for chisels% !rills% an! li e tools which reJuire only forging an! filing. If this steel is anneale!% it can 2e wor e! as easily as the +ore e56ensi<e anneale! steel. (nnealing +ay 2e !one 2y heating the steel to a cherry re!% not any +ore% an! 2urying it in a 2o5 of sla e! li+e% where it is allowe! to re+ain until all the heat is gone. If well !one% the +etal will 2e co+6arati<ely soft an! in a con!ition to +achine easily an! ra6i!ly. In lieu of li+e% 2ury in ashes% san!% loa+% or any su2stance not in= fla++a2le% 2ut fine enough to closely surroun! the steel an! e5clu!e the air so that the steel cools <ery slowly. If 6ossi2le% ee6 the steel re! hot in the fire se<eral hours% the longer the 2etter. In certain 6rocesses% li e that of file +anufacturing% the steel 2lan s are e6t hot for I8 hours or +ore. Ehere it is i+6ossi2le to wait so long as the foregoing +etho! ta es% then a col! water anneal +ay 2e use! with less ti+e. This +etho! consists of heating the wor as slowly an! thoroughly as the ti+e will 6er+it% then re+o<ing the steel fro+ the fire an! allowing it to cool in the air until 2lac an! then Juenching in water. In a!!ition to softening the steel% annealing 2enefits the +etal 2y relie<ing strains in the 6iece. Shoul! a 6articularly accurate 8o2 2e calle! for% the steel shoul! 2e anneale! again after the roughing cuts ha<e 2een ta en an! 2efore +achining to the final siBe. This will insure a true 8o2 an! !i+inishes the !anger of s6ring in the final har!ening. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Donal! (. Ha+6son% Mi!!letown% /. -.

Ho3 to M ,e

Po-t C *d Holde* %/6/'

This hol!er is !esigne! to lay flat on the counter or to stac one on to6 of the other% ee6ing each <ariety of car!s se6arate% or a nu+2er of the+ can 2e fastene! on any u6right surface to !is6lay either horiBontal or <ertical car!s. The hol!ers can 2e +a!e fro+ sheet tin% Binc% 2rass or alu+inu+. The !i+ensions for the right siBe are gi<en in *ig. 1H the !otte! line showing where the 2en!s are +a!e. The

7attern for .utting the Metal co+6lete! hol!er is shown in *ig. $ as fastene! to a wall. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John *. Eillia+son% Daytona% *la.

U"4-ed P $"t %/6/' Do not allow 6aint that is left o<er fro+ a 8o2 to stan! unco<ere!. The can shoul! 2e. tightly seale! an! the 6aint will 2e foun! suita2le for use for se<eral !ays. Pe*04!e7M ,$"# O4t0$t %/6/' The real 6erfu+e fro+ the flowers is not always containe! in the liJui! 6urchase! for 6erfu+e. The +ost e56ensi<e 6erfu+e can 2e +a!e at ho+e for less than 10 cents an ounce. The outfit necessary is a large 2ottle or glass 8ar with a s+aller 2ottle to fit snugly into the o6en +outh of the large one. Secure a s+all 6iece of <ery fine s6onge an! wash it clean to thoroughly re+o<e all grit an! san!.

Saturate the s6onge with 6ure oli<e oil% !o not use strong oil% an! 6lace it insi!e of the s+aller 2ottle. *ill the large 2ottle or 8ar with flowers% such as roses% carnations% 6ansies% honeysuc les or any flower ha<ing a strong an! sweet o!or. 7lace the s+all 2ottle containing the s6onge u6si!e !own in the large one% as shown in the illustration. The 2ottle is now 6lace! in the sun an! e6t there for a !ay an! then the flowers are re+o<e! an! fresh ones 6ut in. .hange the flowers each !ay as long as they 2loo+. De+o<e the s6onge an! sJueeBe out the oil. *or each !ro6 of oil a!! $ oB. of grain alcohol. If stronger 6erfu+e is !esire! a!! only 1 oB. alcohol to each !ro6 of oil. Ho!e7M de D4)l$( to* 0o* Bo9 C !e* - %/6/' The 6ro8ecting tu2e of the lens on a han! ca+era can 2e easily fitte! with a !u6licator while the 2o5 ca+era with its lens set on the insi!e an! nothing 2ut a hole in the 2o5 !oes not ha<e such a!<antages. ( s+all 6iece of hea<y car!2oar! can 2e +a!e to 6ro!uce the sa+e results on a 2o5 ca+era as a first=class !u6licator a66lie! to a han! ca+era.

Du6licator (ttache! to a .a+era The car!2oar! is cut triangular an! attache! to the front en! of the ca+era as shown in *ig. 1 with a 6in a2out 1 in. a2o<e the lens o6ening. ( ru22er 2an! 6lace! aroun! the lower en! of the car!2oar! an! ca+era hol!s the for+er at any 6osition it is 6lace!. ( slight 6ressure of the finger on the 6oint (% *ig. $% will 6ush the car!2oar! o<er an! e56ose one=half of the 6late an! the sa+e 6ressure at B% *ig. '% will re<erse the o6eration an! e56ose the other one=half. 7ins can 2e stuc in the en! of the ca+era on each si!e of the lens o6ening at the right 6lace to sto6 the car!2oar! for the e56osure. Eith this !e<ice one can !u6licate the 6icture of a 6erson on the sa+e negati<e. == .ontri2ute! 2y Maurice Bau!ier% /ew ,rleans% 0a. O)t$( l Ill4-$o"- %/62' The acco+6anying s etch shows two o6tical illusions% the first ha<ing a 6erfect circle on the outsi!e e!ge

The Two Illusions a66ears to 2e flattene! at the 6oints (% an! the arcs of the circle% B% a66ear to 2e +ore roun!ing. In the secon! figure the circle a66ears to ha<e an o<al for+ with the !istance fro+ . to . greater than fro+ D to D. ( co+6ass a66lie! to the circles in either figures will show that they are 6erfectly roun!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y /or+an S. Brown% .hi66ewa *alls% Eis. U-e o0 >e*o-e"e $" Pol$-8$"# Met l- %/62' (nyone who has 6olishe! a flat iron or steel surface with e+ery cloth nows how soon the cloth gu+s an! fills u6. The cloth in this con!ition will !o little or no cutting. ( si+6le re+e!y for this trou2le is to use erosene on the surface. The oil floats away a large 6art of the gu++ing su2stance an! lea<es the e+ery cloth shar6 an! clean to !o the 2est wor % also% it see+s to act as a lu2ricant to ee6 6articles of +etal fro+ collecting on the cloth an! scratching or !igging in the surface of the +etal. ( <ery light lar! oil is eJually goo! for this 6ur6ose% 2ut not always easily o2taine!. ( surface 6olishe! where oil or erosene is use! !oes not rust so easily as one 6olishe! !ry% for the reason that a little oil re+ains on the +etal. Ferosene is the 2est to use on oil stones% 2eing 2etter than hea<ier oil. This oil rea!ily floats away all 6articles of the feather e!ge that are lia2le to 2eco+e loosene! an! force! into the stone. These 6articles of +etal when stuc to the stone are the cause of s6oiling it% as well as nic ing the tools that are 2eing shar6ene!. Fee6 the

surface of the stone well oile! at all ti+es to +a e the cutting free. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Donal! (. Ha+6son% Mi!!letown% /. -. Ho3 to M ,e L !)- B4*" B*$#8tl< %/62' *or a goo!% stea!y light there is nothing 2etter than a la+6% 2ut li e +ost e<erything it +ust ha<e attention. (fter cleaning well an! fitting it% 6lace a s+all lu+6 of ca+6hor in the oil <essel. This will greatly i+6ro<e the light an! +a e the fla+e clearer an! 2righter. If there is no ca+6hor at han! a!! a few !ro6s of <inegar occasionally. A P* (t$( l C !e* 0o* F$0t< Ce"t- %/65' By .. H. .lau!y I say for fifty cents% 2ut really this is an outsi!e esti+ate. If you 6ossess a few tools an! the ru!i+ents of a sho6% 2y which is +eant a few o!!s an! en!s of screws% 2rass an! nails% you can really +a e this ca+era for nothing. The ca+era 2o5 is the first consi!eration% an! for this a cigar 2o5 answers e<ery 6ur6ose. It is 2etter to use one of the long 2o5es which contain a hun!re! cigars an! which ha<e sJuare en!s. This 2o5 shoul! 2e cut !own% 2y +eans of a saw an! a 6late% until the en!s are I in. sJuare. 0ea<e the li! hinge! as it is when it co+es. .lean all the 6a6er fro+ the outsi!e an! insi!e

.onstruction of .a+era Bo5 of the 2o5==which +ay 2e rea!ily !one with a 6iece of glass for a scra6er an! a !a+6 cloth==an! 6aint the interior of the 2o5 a !ea! 2lac % either with carriage +a ersC 2lac or 2lac in . /ow 2ore in the center of one en! a s+all hole% 1GI in. or less in !ia+eter. *inally insert on the insi!e of the 2o5% on the si!es% two s+all stri6s of woo!% 1G8 2y 1GI in. an! fasten the+ with glue% 1G8 in. fro+ the other en! of the 2o5. #5a+ine *ig. 1% an! see the location of these stri6s% which are lettere! ##. Their 6ur6ose is to hol! the 6late% which +ay 2e any siBe !esire! u6 to I in. sJuare. .o++ercially% 6lates co+e '=1G$ 2y '=1G$ in.% or% in the lantern sli!e 6late% '=1GI 2y I in. If it is !esire! to use the '=1G$ 2y '=1G$ in. 6lates. which is a!<ise!% the 2o5 shoul! +easure that siBe in its internal !i+ensions. Ee now co+e to the construction of the +ost essential 6art of the ca+era==the 6in hole an! the shutter% which ta e the 6lace of the lens an! shutter use! in +ore e56ensi<e outfits. This construction is illustrate! in *ig. I. Ta e a 6iece of 2rass% a2out 1G1)=in. thic an! 1=1G$ in. sJuare. Bore a hole in each corner% to ta e a s+all screw% which will fasten it to the front of the ca+era. Eith 1GI=in. !rill 2ore nearly through the 6late in the center% 2ut 2e careful that the 6oint of the !rill !oes not co+e through. This will 6ro!uce the recess shown in the first section in *ig. I. /ow ta e a /o. 10 nee!le% insert the eye en! in a 6iece of woo! an! <ery carefully an! gently twirl it in the center of the 2rass where it is the thinnest% until it goes through. This 6in hole% as it is calle!% is what 6ro!uces the i+age on the sensiti<e 6late% in a +anner which I shall 6resently !escri2e. The shutter consists of a little swinging 6iece of 2rass co+6letely co<ering the recess

an! 6in hole% an! 6ro<i!e! with a little no2 at its lower en!. See *ig. '% in which * is the front of the ca+era% B the 2rass 6late an! . the shutter. This is also illustrate! in the secon! cross section in *ig. I. In the latter I ha<e !e6icte! it as swung fro+ a 6i<ot in the 2rass% an! in *ig. ' as hung fro+ a screw in the woo! of the front 2oar!H either construction will 2e effecti<e. 0astly% it is necessary to 6ro<i!e a fin!er for this ca+era in or!er to now what 6icture you are ta ing. Ma e a little fra+e of wire% the siBe of the 6late you are using% an! +ount it u6right :see *ig. L; on to6 of the ca+era as close to the en! where the 6in hole is as you can. (t the other en!% in the center% erect a little 6ole of wire half the height of the 6late. If now you loo along the to6 of this little 6ole% through the wire fra+e an! see that the to6 of the little 6ole a66ears in the center of the fra+e% e<erything that you see 2eyon! will 2e

7in Hole an! Shutter .onstruction ta en on the 6late% as will 2e +a!e 6lain 2y loo ing at the !otte! lines in *ig. L% which re6resents the outer li+its of your <ision when confine! within the little fra+e.

#56lanation of (ction o\ 7in Hole Ehen you want to use this ca+era% ta e it into an a2solutely !ar roo+

.onstructing a *in!er for .a+era an! insert a 6late :which you can 2uy at any su66ly store for 6hotogra6hers; in the en! where the sli!es of woo! are% an! 2etween the+ an! the 2ac of the 2o5. .lose the li! an! secure it with a cou6le of ru22er 2an!s. See that the little shutter co<ers the hole.

/ow ta e the ca+era to where you wish to ta e a 6hotogra6h% an! rest it securely on so+e soli! surface. The e56osure will 2e% in 2right sunlight an! su66osing that your ca+era is 10 in. long% a2out si5 to eight secon!s. This e56osure is +a!e 2y lifting the little 2rass shutter until the hole is unco<ere!% ee6ing it u6 the reJuire! ti+e% an! then letting it !ro6 2ac into 6lace. It is i+6ortant that the ca+era 2e hel! rigi! !uring the e56osure% an! that it !oes not +o<e an! is not 8arre!==otherwise the 6icture will 2e 2lurre!. De+o<e the 6late in the !ar roo+ an! 6ac it carefully in a 6aste2oar! 2o5 an! se<eral wra66ings of 6a6er to 6rotect it a2solutely fro+ the light. It is now rea!y to 2e carrie! to so+e one who nows how to !o !e<elo6ing an! 6rinting. To e56lain the action of the 6in hole I woul! !irect attention to *ig. $. Here * re6resents the front of the ca+era% D the 6inhole% (( the 6late an! the letters DD% rays fro+ a lighte! can!le. These rays of course% ra!iate in all !irections% an infinite +ultitu!e of the+. Si+ilar rays ra!iate fro+ e<ery 6oint of the o28ect% fro+ light reflecte! fro+ these 6oints. .ertain of these rays stri e the 6in hole in the front of the ca+era% re6resente! here 2y DDDD. These rays 6ass through the 6in hole% an! as light tra<els only in straight lines% reach the 6late ((% for+ing an in<erte! i+age of the o28ect% in this case a can!le in a can!lestic . Millions of rays are gi<en off 2y e<ery 6oint in e<ery o28ect which is lighte! 2y either !irect or reflecte! light. To all 6ractical 6ur6oses only one of these rays fro+ each 6oint in an o28ect can 6ass through a +inute o6ening li e a 6in hole. This 2eing so% any screen which interru6ts these selecte! rays of light will show u6on it a 6icture of the o28ect% only in<erte!. If that screen ha66ens to 2e a 6hotogra6hically sensiti<e 6late% which is 6rotecte! fro+ all other light 2y 2eing in a !ar 2o5% u6on it will 2e i+6rinte! a 6hotogra6hic i+age which can 2e +a!e <isi2le 2y the a66lication of certain che+icals% when it 2eco+es a negati<e% fro+ which +ay 2e 6rinte! 6ositi<es. This ca+era is not a theoretical 6ossi2ility% 2ut an actual fact. I ha<e +a!e an! use! one successfully% as a !e+onstration of 6in=hole 6hotogra6hy. U-e 0o* " Old Clo(, %/67' De+o<e the hair s6ring of the cloc % an! fasten a s6ring to one en! of the 6awl an! a s+all wire to the other en!. Ma e a slit in the case of the cloc o66osite the 6awl. *asten the s6ring on the outsi!e in any con<enient way an! 6ass the wire through the slit to an eccentric or other oscillating 2o!y. To +a e the !ial% 6aste a 6iece of 6a6er o<er the ol! !ial% 6ull the wire 2ac an! forth one hun!re! ti+es% an! +a e a +ar where the +inute han! sto6s. 1sing this for a unit !i<i!e u6 the whole !ial. The hour han! has an inner circle of its own. 7ut the alar+ han! at a little 2efore twel<e an! win! the alar+. Ehen the alar+ is

De<olution Decor!er

unwoun! the hour han! starts on a new tri6. The cloc I use! was 6ut on an a+ateur win!+ill an! when the hour han! went aroun! once 8)%I00 re<olutions or 8er s on the wire were +a!e% while the +inute han! recor!e! one=twelfth of this nu+2er% or 7%$00. == .ontri2ute! 2y Dichar! H. Danger% In!iana6olis% In!. Re"e3$"# D*< B tte*$e- %/67' Dry 2atteries% if not too far gone% can 2e renewe! 2y si+6ly 2oring a s+all hole through the co+6osition on to6 of each car2on an! 6ouring so+e strong salt water or sal a++oniac solution into the holes. This in is sent us 2y a rea!er who says that the 6ro= cess will +a e the 2attery nearly as goo! as new if it is not too far gone 2eforehan!. S 1$"# B*4-8 %/67'

If a roun! 2rush s6rea!s too +uch% sli6 a ru22er 2an! o<er the u66er 6art of the 2ristles. Ho3 to M ,e S$!)le B4*#l * Al *! %/68'

Ta e a 6iece of any woo! a2out ) 2y 8 in. for the 2ase. This +ay 2e finishe! in any way !esire!. *or the contact 6oints use 2rass or any sheet +etal

Si+6le Burglar (lar+ which will 2e satisfactory. Ta e a 6iece a2out $=1G$ or ' in. in length an! 2en! the en!s u6 a2out 1G$ in. in a <ertical 6osition as shown. *asten this to the to6 of the 2oar! using screws or nails. 1n!er this stri6 of +etal fasten a co66er wire which can 2e connecte! to a 2in!ing=6ost on the 2oar! if !esire!. Ta e another 6iece of +etal a2out I=1G$ in. in length an! +a e a le<er of it in the sha6e shown in the !iagra+. *asten this so that one en! of it will swing freely% 2ut not loosely 2etween the en!s of the other 6iece +ar e! .=.. /ear the en! fasten a s6iral s6ring% S% which can 2e o2taine! al+ost anywhere. *asten the en! of this to the screw +ar e! O. (lso fasten to this screw a co66er wire lea!ing to the 2in!ing=6ost. In the lower en! of the le<er +a e a s+all hole to fasten a string through. This string +ay 2e fastene! across a !oor or win!ow an! any +o<e+ent of it

will 6ull it to the contact 6oint on the right. If the string is cut or 2ro en the s6ring will 6ull the le<er to the contact 6oint on the left an! thus co+6lete the circuit. If the string is 2urne! it will also act as a fire alar+. Ho3 to F$t Co*,- %/68' ,ccasionally o!!=siBe! 2ottles are recei<e! in stores which reJuire cor s cut to fit the+. /o +atter how shar6 a nife +ay 2e% it will lea<e so+e shar6 e!ges after cutting the cor % which will cause lea age. The illustration shows three <ery effecti<e +etho!s of re!ucing the siBe of cor s. The one shown in *ig. 1 is +a!e fro+ two 6ieces of 1G$= in. woo! fastene! together at one en! with a co++on hinge. Two or three groo<es are cut cross=wise in siBes !esire!. The cor is 6ut into the groo<e an! 2oth 6ieces are 6resse! together% which will +a e the cor s+aller. Dolling the cor 2etween two flat

Three Metho!s for De!ucing SiBe of .or s surfaces :*ig. $; is si+6le an! al+ost as goo! as 6ressing in the groo<es. ( cor rolle! on the floor :*ig. '; is a Juic an! effecti<e way. ( slower an! eJually as goo! way is to soa the cor in hot water for a short ti+e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0. SBerli6% Broo lyn% /. -. R$#8t H "ded E"#$"e %/68' Stan!ing at the cylin!er en! an! loo ing towar! the flywheel of an engine% the wheel will 2e at the right if the engine is right=han!. Ho!e7M de C*4t(8 %/6:' Ehile a fracture! 2one was healing in the li+2 of +y 2oy he nee!e! a 6air of crutches an! not 2eing a2le to secure the right length% I set a2out to +a e the crutches fro+ two 2roo+ han!les. I s6lit the han!les to within 1 ft. of the en! :*ig. 1; with a ri6 saw% an! then stuc the+ in a 2arrel of water for three !ays to +a e the woo! 6lia2le for 2en!ing. ( gri6 for each stic was +a!e as long as the han! is wi!e an! a hole 2ore! through the center the siBe of a /o. 10 gauge wire. These gri6s were 6lace! 2etween the two hal<es of each stic at the right !istance for the length of the 2oyCs ar+ an! a wire run through 2oth s6lit

( Broo+ Han!le .rutch 6ieces an! the han!le then ri<ete! as shown in *ig. $. (nother 6iece was cut as shown at (% *ig. '% an! naile! to the u66er en!s of each half of the 2roo+ han!le. == .ontri2ute! 2y 9eo. 7. 9rehore% /ash<ille% Tenn. Ho!e7M de Ne(,t$e Holde* %/6:' The gas 2rac et is consi!ere! a goo! 6lace to hang nec ties% e<en if it !oes crow! the+ together. The illustration shows a 2etter +etho!% a curtain ro! attache! to one en! of a 2ureau. Two long=shan e!% sJuare=hoo e! screws shoul! 2e use!% so they +ay 2e screwe! 2eneath an! close u6 to the 6ro8ecting to6. Ehen re+o<e! they will lea<e no

Hanger for Ties !isfiguring holes.=.ontri2ute! 2y .. E. /ei+an% /ew -or .ity. Ho3 to M ,e T*o4-e*- H "#e* %/6:'

Secure fro+ your tins+ith a 6iece of sheet +etal 7 in. wi!e an! 1$ in. long. .ut the +etal as shown in *ig. 1 an! +a e a close 2en! at the 6oint (% 2ut not too close to cause it to 2rea . The 6iece will then a66ear as shown in *ig. $. .ut a 6iece fro+ the waste +aterial 1G$ in. wi!e an! $=1GI in. long an! 2en! it aroun! the two 6ieces B% *ig. $% so it will sli!e freely on their length. Ben! the e!ges . in for 1G8 in. to hol! the trousers fir+ly. Drill a hole through the to6 en! of B an! attach a wire for+e! into a hoo for use in hanging on a nail. The 2otto+ en! of the trousers is inserte! 2etween the 8aws . an! the s+all ferrule 6ushe!

.ut fro+ Sheet Metal !own to cla+6 the+ on the cloth. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (. 0e<inson% Saginaw% Michigan. E -< De-$#"- $" O*" !e"t l I*o" Wo*, %/70' Many an in!ustrious la! has +a!e +oney +anufacturing the co++on for+s of woo! 2rac ets% shel<es% 2o5es% stan!s% etc.% 2ut the !ay of the scroll saw an! the cigar=2o5 woo! 2rac et an! 6icture fra+e has gi<en way to the +ore a!<ance! an! +ore 6rofita2le wor of +etal construction. Metal 2rac ets% stan!s for la+6s% gates% 6arts of artistic fences for gar!ens% su66orting ar+s for signs% etc.% are a+ong the articles of +o!ern ti+es that co+e un!er the hea! of things 6ossi2le to construct of iron in the 2ac roo+ or attic sho6. The acco+6anying s etches 6resent so+e of the articles 6ossi2le to +anufacture.

*irst% it is essential that a light roo+ 2e a<aila2le% or a 6ortion of the cellar where there

is light% or a wor sho6 +ay 2e 2uilt in the yar!. Buy a +o!erate siBe! an<il% a <ise an! a few other tools% inclu!ing 2ell ha++er% an! this is all reJuire! for col! 2en!ing. If you go into a forge for hot 2en!ing% other !e<ices will 2e nee!e!. *igure 1 shows how to +a e the sJuare 2en!% getting the shoul!er e<en. The stri6 +etal is secure! at the har!ware store or the iron wor s. ,ften the stri6s can 2e secure! at low cost fro+ 8un !ealers. Metal stri6s a2out 1G$ in. wi!e an! 1G8 in. thic are 6refera2le. The letter ( in!icates a sJuare section of iron% though an an<il woul! !o% or the 2ase of a section of railroa! iron. The 2en! is wor e! on the corner as at B% col!. If a roun!e! 2en! is !esire!% the sa+e 6rocess is a66lie! on the circular 6iece of iron or the horn of an an<il. This is shown in *ig. $% at .. This 6iece of iron can 2e 6urchase! at any 8un store% where <arious 6ieces are always strewn a2out. ( 6iece a2out $0 in. long an! I in. in !ia+eter is a2out the right siBe. The 2en! in the +etal 2egins at D an! is +a!e accor!ing to the reJuire+ents. ,ccasionally where shar6 2en!s or a2ru6t corners are nee!e!% the +etal is heate! 6re<ious to 2en!ing. (lthough the wor er +ay 6ro!uce <arious for+s of stri6=+etal wor % the 2rac et is% as a rule% the +ost 6rofita2le to han!le. The 6lain 2rac et is shown in *ig. '% an! is +a!e 2y 2en!ing the stri6 at the 6ro6er angle on for+ (% after which the 2race is a!8uste! 2y +eans of ri<ets. ( ri<et hole 2oring tool will 2e nee!e!. ( s+all +etal turning or !rilling lathe can 2e 6urchase! for a few !ollars an! o6erate! 2y han! for the 2oring% or a co++on han! !rill can 2e use!. So+eti+es the 2rac et is i+6ro<e! in !esign 2y a!!= ing a few cur<es to the en! 6ieces of the 2race% +a ing the effect as shown in *ig. I. (fter these 2rac ets are +a!e they are coate! with as6haltu+ or Ja6anH or the 2rac ets +ay 2e 6ainte! or staine! any !esire! sha!e. In so+e of the wor reJuire!% it is necessary to sha6e a co+6lete loo6 or circle at the en! of the 6iece. This +ay 2e wrought out as in *ig. L. The use of a 2ar of iron or steel is as shown. The 2ar is usually a2out $ in. in !ia+eter an! se<eral feet in length% so that it will rest fir+ly on a 2ase of woo! or stone. Then the 2en!ing is effecte! as at *% a2out the 2ar #% 2y re6eate! 2lows with the ha++er. (fter a little 6ractice% it is 6ossi2le to !escri2e al+ost any in! of a circle with the tools. The 2ar can 2e 2ought at an iron !ealers for a2out I0 cents. *ro+ the 8un 6ile of 8un sho6 one +ay get a li e 2ar for a few cents. ( con<enient for+ for sha6ing stri6 +etal into 6ieces reJuire! for 2rac ets% fences% gates% arches% an! general tri++ings is illustrate! at *ig. ). *irst there ought to 2e a 2ase 2loc % 9% of har! woo!% say a2out $ ft. sJuare. Eith a roun! 6oint or gouging chisel wor out the groo<e to the siBe of the 2ar% for+ing a seat% 2y sin ing the 2ar% H% one=half its !e6th into the woo! as shown. In or!er to retain the 2ar securely in 6osition in the groo<e% there shoul! 2e two ca6s fitte! o<er it an! set=screwe! to the woo!en 2ase. These ca6s +ay 2e foun! in 8un !ealersC hea6s% ha<ing 2een cast off fro+ $=in. shaft 2o5es. ,r if ca6s are not a<aila2le% the ca6s can 2e constructe! fro+ sheet +etal 2y 2en!ing to the for+ of the 2ar% allowing si!e 6ortions or li6s for 2oring% so that the ca6s can 2e set screwe! to the woo!. Thus we get a tool which can 2e use! on the 2ench for the 6ur6ose of effecting series of 2en!s in stri6s of +etal. Since the intro!uction of the laws reJuiring that signs of certain siBe an! 6ro8ection 2e re+o<e! fro+ 6u2lic thoroughfares in cities% there has 2een Juite a call for short sign 2rac ets% so ter+e!% of the or!er e5hi2ite! in *ig. 7. These sign=su66orting 2rac ets !o not e5ten! +ore than ' ft. out fro+ the 2uil!ing. ( 2oy can ta e or!ers for these signs in al+ost any city or large town with a little can<assing. The sign su66orting 2rac et shown is +erely a suggestion. ,ther !esigns +ay 2e wrought out in en!less <ariety. ( hoo or eye is nee!e! to sustain the ring in the sign. The young +an who un!erta es to construct any sort of 2rac et% su66orts% fra+es or the li e% will fin! that he will get +any or!ers for la+6=su66orting contri<ances% such as shown at *ig. 8. It is har!ly necessary to go into !etails

for +a ing these stan!s% as e<ery 6art is 2ent as !escri2e! in connection with the 2en!ing for+s% an! the 6ortions are si+6ly ri<ete! at the !ifferent 8unctures. Both iron an! co66er ri<ets are use! as at ID in *ig. &% a cross sectional <iew. The 2est way is to 2ore straight through 2oth 6ieces an! insert the ri<et. In so+e cases the ri<et is hea!e! u6 in the 2ore an! again washers are use! an! the hea!ing effecte! on the washer. .o66er ri<ets are soft an! easily han!le!% 2ut are costly as co+6are! with iron ri<ets. 9oo! 6rices are o2taine! for the guar!s for o6en fire6laces +a!e in +any <arieties in these !ays. The return of the o6en fire6lace in +o!ern houses has create! a !e+an! for these guar!s an! in *ig. 10 we show a !esign for one of the+. The 6osts are +a!e

sufficiently stiff 2y uniting two si!es with ri<ets. The en!s at to6 are loo6e! as shown% while the en!s or 2utts at the 2ase are o6ene! out to +a e the feet. Dings are sha6e! on for+s an! are then ri<ete! to the 2ase cross=6iece as illustrate!. .rosses are +a!e to !e= scri2e to central !esign an! the 6lan is wor e! out Juite rea!ily with the !ifferent sha6es. The +a ing of +etal fire grate fronts has 6ro<en to 2e a <ery interesting an! 6rofita2le occu6ation for 2oys in recent ti+es. /ot long ago it was sufficient for the ingenious youth to turn out 8u<enile win!+ills% toy houses an! <arious little nic nac s for a+use+ent. The +o!ern la! wants +ore than this. He !esires to turn so+e of his 6ro!uct into cash. Therefore we 6resent so+e of the 6atterns of fire grates which 2oys ha<e +a!e an! can +a e again fro+ scra6 iron% with few tools an! !e<ices% an! fin! a rea!y +ar et for the sa+e as soon as they are +a!e. *igure 11 is a s etch of a for+ of fire grate 2ar or front that is constructe! with a series of circles of stri6 +etal. The 2est way is to go to the har!ware store or iron !ealerCs an! 2uy a Juantity of 1GI=in.% 1G$=in.% an! 'GI=in. iron% a2out 1G8 to 'G1) in. thic . In fact 1G1)=in. +etal woul! !o in +any cases where the 6arts are wor e! out s+all in siBe. The 1G8=in. +etal is <ery strong. Then after getting the su66ly of stri6 +etal in stoc % 6rocure the usual ty6e of +etal wor erCs ha++er% a chea6 an<il% a &=l2. <ise% a col! chisel% a file or two% an! a roun! 6iece of shaft iron% a2out ' in. !ia+eter an! $ to ' ft. long. This 6iece of iron is re6resente! at B% *ig. 1$. The iron is hel! in 6osition 2y +eans of the stra6s of +etal .% .% which are 2ent o<er the shaft tightly an! gri6 the 2oar! 2ase with set or lag screws as shown. The woo!en 2ase shoul! 2e a2out $ in. thic an! large enough to +a e a goo! su66ort for the iron shaft. The 6rocess of 2en!ing the rings in this way is as shown. The 6iece of stri6 iron is

gras6e! at D. Then with the ha++er the iron is gra!ually wor e! col! a2out the +an!rel as at # until the 6erfect for+ is acJuire!. (fter the for+ is finishe!% the stri6 at the ter+inus of the ring is cut off. In or!er to get a stea!y 2ase the woo!en 6art +ay 2e 2olte! to a 2ench. In *ig. 1' is shown the +etho! of cli66ing off the co+6lete! ring. The col! chisel is hel! u6right% an! 2y !eli<ering se<eral 2lows with the ha++er u6on the sa+e% the 6oint is cause! to chi6 through the +etal an! release the ring. The shaft or +an!rel is +ar e! 9. The col! chisel is in!icate! at I an! the 6osition where the han! gras6s the stri6 is at H. The final o6eration in sha6ing the ring is 2y !ri<ing the 6rotru!ing cut% li6 !own% to the co++on le<el of the o66osite 6oint% thus gi<ing us the finishe! ring with the li6s close! on the +an!rel as at J% *ig. 1I. These rings can 2e turne! out in this way <ery s6ee!ily. The ne5t o6eration in<ol<es the 6rocess of uniting the rings in the 6lan to sha6e the !esign. The !esign wor is often wor e! out ahea! an! followe!. So+e 2eco+e so 6roficient that they can !e<elo6 a !esign as they 6rocee!. *igure 11 is a !esign of grate front use! for <arious 6ur6oses in connection with grate fires. The series of rings are unite! 2y a ri<et 2etween each at the 8oining 6oint. Eith thin +etal the holes can 2e 6unche! with an iron 6unch an! ha++er on an an<il where there is a hole to recei<e the 6oint of the 6unch after the 6unch 6enetrates the +etal. *or the hea<ier for+s of +etal a !rill is necessary. ( +etal !rill an! 2race can 2e 6urchase! <ery chea6ly for this wor . (fter !rilling the holes% the 6arts are erecte! an! the ri<ets inserte! an! hea!e! u6 as each a!!ition is +a!e. Thus the series of rings are unite! an! then the si!e 6ieces are si+ilarly ri<ete!. The 6oints at the to6 are then wor e! out an! 8oine! on. These 6oints are file! !own to the necessary ta6er after the union is effecte!. The finishing wor in<ol<es s+oothing rough 6laces with a file an! 6ainting. (s6haltu+ +a es a goo! 2lac finish. So+e of the 2est !esigns of grates are 2ronBe!. So+e are sil<ere!. The !ifferent !esigns are finishe! as !esire! 2y custo+ers. *igure 1L is another !esign of grate in which the 6rocess of sha6ing the rings is li e that in the first !esign. There are so+e half circles in this 6attern an! these are fra+e! 2y sha6ing the sa+e a2out the +an!rel with the ha++er. In or!er to get the shoul!ers close an! the circle co+6lete it is necessary to heat the +etal. ( co e fire can 2e +a!e in a hole in the groun!. Then 6rocure a tin 2low6i6e an! 2low the fla+e against the +etal at the 6oint to 2e 2ent. This +etal will 2eco+e re! hot <ery soon% an! can 2e 2ent rea!ily against the an<il an! the circular for+. 0et the +etal cool off on the groun! after heating. *ig. 1) is another !esign

which can 2e wrought out. The +i!!le a!8ust+ent is wire screen wor which +ay 2e 2ought at a har!ware store an! set into the 6osition shown. *ig. 17 shows a chi66ing off !e<ice useful in connection with this wor . Metal chi66ers can 2e 2ought at any tool store. The chi66er is 6lace! in the 8aws of the <ise as at F% an! secure! there. The stri6 of +etal in 6rocess of cutting is +ar e! M. The ha++er hea! is cause! to stri e the +etal 8ust o<er the cutting e!ge of the chi66er. The Juic % har! 2low causes the cutting e!ge to 6enetrate far enough to se<er the 6iece. Ben!ing col! with a woo!en for+ is !one as in *ig. 18. The woo!en for+ is +ar e! 7 an! is a2out 8 in. wi!e an! 7 in. high% for+ing a one=si!e! o<al sha6e. There is a 6in D set into the 2ase 2oar! of the o<al for+ an! the stri6 of +etal for 2en!ing is gras6e! at S an! the other en! is inserte! 2ac of the 6in D. By a66lying 6ressure% the stri6 of +etal is 2ent to the for+. *igure 1& shows the hour=glass woo! 2en!ing for+% +a!e 2y selecting a 6iece of har! woo! 2loc % a2out ) in. sJuare an! 2oring through with an inch 2it. Then the hole is sha6e! hour=glass li e. The <iew is a sectional one. The 2loc is 6lace! in a <ise an! the stri6 for 2en!ing is inserte! as at T. The stri6 of +etal is gras6e! at E an! can 2e 2ent to <arious for+s 2y e5erting 6ressure. *ig. $0 is another ty6e of fire6lace front% constructe! 2y uniting the sha6e! +etal 6ieces. In fact an al+ost en!less <ariety of !esigns can 2e wrought out after the start is once +a!e. ( goo! way to figure the 6rice on the grate is to a!! u6 the costs of the 6arts an! charge a2out 1$ cents 6er hour for the wor . Ho3 to M ,e W te* W8eel %/72'

.onsi!era2le 6ower can 2e !e<elo6e! with an o<ershot water wheel erecte! as in *ig. 1. This wheel is +a!e with 2loc s of woo! cut out in sections as in!icate! 2y the lines% so as

to for+ the circle 6ro6erly. The wheel can 2e

,<ershot an! 1n!ershot Eheels a2out $I in. in !ia+eter to 6ro!uce results an! a2out 10 in. wi!e. 9et so+e tin cans an! attach the+ aroun! the wheel as shown. Bore the wheel center out an! 6ut on the groo<e! woo! wheel% 7% an! a ro6e for !ri<ing% D. This ro6e runs to a woo!en fra+e in the +anner illustrate!. The water is carrie! in a sluice affair% /% to the fall% ,, where the water !i66ers are struc 2y the <olu+e an! fro+ $ to I h6. will 2e 6ro!uce! with this siBe of wheel if there is sufficient flow of water. This 6ower can 2e use! for running two or three sewing +achines% fans% fret=saws% an! the li e. (nother for+ of water wheel is shown in *ig. $. This is !ri<en 2y an un!erflow of current. This ty6e of wheel can 2e +a!e on lines si+ilar to the other% only that the 6a!!les are of woo! an! e5ten! outwar! as shown. The wheel is su66orte! in a 2earing on the 6iece S. ( 2elt% T% co++unicates the 6ower to the wheel V an! fro+ here the 6ower is carrie! to any !esire! 6oint. Ho3 To B4$ld A" I!$t t$o" St*eet C * L$"e %/72' (n i+itation street car line +ay soun! li e a 2ig un!erta ing% 2ut% in fact% it is one of the easiest things a 2oy can construct% !oes not ta e +uch ti+e an! the e56ense is not great. ( 2oy who li<es on a far+ can fin! +any fine 6laces to run such a line% an! one in town can ha<e a line 2etween the house an! the 2arn% if they are so+e !istance a6art. ,ften all the 2oar!s an! 2loc s reJuire! can 2e ha! for hel6ing a car6enter clear away the ru22ish aroun! a new 2uil!ing. Eheels an! 6arts of ol! 2icycles% which can 2e use! in so +any ways% can 2e foun! at a 8un sho6 at <ery low 6rices% wheels in goo! re6air are not e56ensi<e. *or the car for the street car line try to fin! a set of wheels ha<ing a5les% 2ut if you cannot fin! such% +a e shafts of har! woo!% a2out ' in. 2y $=1G$ in. an! 2y +eans of a 8ac nife turn% or sha<e !own the en!s to recei<e the hu2 2earings of the wheels. *asten the wheel hu2s securely o<er the en!s of the woo! with 6ins or little 2olts% or if the wheel 2earing is of such a nature that it re<ol<es on its own 8ournal% the 8ournal can 2e fastene! to the en! of the woo! 6iece. #ach of the wheels shoul! 2e 6ro<i!e! with a s6roc etH any chain s6roc et of a 2icycle +ay 2e use!. *asten these s6roc ets on the outsi!e of the wheels as shown in *ig. 1. They can 2e set on o<er the 2earing en! an! secure! with a set screw% or the original ey can 2e e+6loye!. It is 2est in cases li e this to use the original 6arts. Ma e the floor of the car of 6ieces of 2oar!s 6lace! on the a5les an! naile!% screwe! or 2olte!% as shown at (. To erect the fra+e% 6lace u6rights% . . . .% in 6osition as shown% fastening the en!s to the 2ase=2oar!s an! +a ing

the roof line as at B% then 6ut in the cross=6ieces% 9 9. Seats% # #% are si+6ly 2o5es. The !ri<e of the car is effecte! 2y using the !ri<ing s6roc ets% D D% fitte! to the cross6ieces% 9 9% with the original 2earings. The 6arts are there2y secure! to the car an! the chain 6lace! on. Fey the cran s for turning to the u66er s6roc etCs shaft an! all is rea!y. If there are s6roc et gears an! cran s on either si!e% four 2oys +ay 6ro6el the car at one ti+e. .onsi!era2le s6ee! can 2e +a!e on s+ooth roa!s% 2ut it is the 2est a+use+ent to run a

car line on woo!en trac s with a 2ra e consisting of a 6iece of woo!en shaft% 6assing through a 2ore in the car floor% an! fitte! with a leather co<ere! 6a! as at H. ( s6iral s6ring hol!s u6 the 2ra e until 6ressure is a66lie! 2y foot 6ower% when the 2ra e contacts with the woo!en trac an! chec s the car. The trac 6lan is illustrate! in *ig. $. 9et so+e 2oar!s an! 6lace the+ en! for en! on other 6ieces set as ties. The +ain 2oar!s or trac s% JJ% can 2e a2out ) in. wi!e% to the e!ges of which nail stri6s a2out 'GI in. wi!e an! a2out the

.onstruction of .ar sa+e height. The ties% I I% can 2e al+ost any 2o5 2oar!s. Eire nails are the 2est to use in 6utting the trac s together. The s6roc et connection with the chain is shown in *ig. '. This consists of the s6roc et gear on the 6ro6elling shaft% an! the cran . The 6e!als +ay 2e re+o<e! an! a chisel han!le% or any tool han!le% su2stitute!% so as to affor! +eans for turning the

Section of the Trac cran 2y han! 6ower. 9reat fun can 2e ha! with the roa!% an!% further+ore% it can 2e +a!e re+unerati<e% as 2oys an! girls can 2e gi<en ri!es for a 6enny each. Cle " Be0o*e P $"t$"# %/75' (66ly a coat of raw starch water to a !irty wall 2efore 6aintingH this% when !ry% +ay 2e 2rushe! or wi6e! off. V *"$-8 0o* Ele(t*$( Te*!$" l- %/75' ( goo! <arnish for electric ter+inals is +a!e of sealing wa5 !issol<e! in gasoline. To 6re<ent 2rittleness a!! a little linsee! oil.

Me -4*$"# t8e He$#8t o0

T*ee %/76'

Metho! of (66lying the Triangle Measure N/ear the en! of the season our 2oy announce! the height of our tall +a6le tree to 2e '' ft. NCEhy% how !o you nowTC was the general Juestion. N CMeasure! it.C NCHowTC N C*oot rule an! yar!stic .C N C-ou !i!nCt cli+2 that tall treeTC his +other as e! an5iously. N C/ oC+H I foun! the length of the sha!ow an! +easure! that.C NCBut the length of the sha!ow changes.C N C-esC+H 2ut twice a !ay the sha!ows are 8ust as long as the things the+sel<es. IC<e 2een trying it all su++er. I !ro<e a stic into the groun!% an! when its sha!ow was 8ust as long as the stic I new that the sha!ow of the tree woul! 2e 8ust as long as the tree% an! thatCs '' ft.CCC The a2o<e 6aragra6h a66eare! in one of the !aily 6a6ers which co+e to our office. The ite+ was hea!e!% N( .le<er Boy.N /ow we !o not now who this a!<ertise! 2oy was% 2ut we new Juite as cle<er a 2oy% one who coul! ha<e got the a66ro5i+ate height of the tree without waiting for the sun to shine at a 6articular angle or to shine at all for that +atter. The way 2oy /o. $ went a2out the sa+e 6ro2le+ was this4 He got a stic an! 6lante! it in the groun! an! then cut it off 8ust at the le<el of his eyes. Then he went out an! too a loo at the tree an! +a!e a rough esti+ate of the treeCs height in his +in!% an! 8u!ging the sa+e !istance along the groun! fro+ the tree trun % he 6lante! his stic in the groun!. Then he lay !own on his 2ac with his feet against the stan!ing stic an! loo e! at the to6 of the tree o<er the stic . If he foun! the to6 of stic an! tree !i! not agree he trie! a new 6osition an! e6t at it until he coul! 8ust see the tree to6 o<er the en! of the u6right stic . Then all he ha! to !o was to +easure along the groun! to where his eye ha! 2een when lying !own an! that ga<e hi+ the height of the tree. CThe 6oint a2out this +etho! is that the 2oy an! stic +a!e a right=angle! triangle with 2oy for 2ase% stic for 6er6en!icular% 2oth of the sa+e length% an! the Nline of sightN the hy6otenuse or long line of the triangle. Ehen he got into the 6osition which ena2le! hi+ to 8ust see the tree to6 o<er the to6 of the stic he again ha! a right=angle! triangle with tree as 6er6en!icular% his eyeCs !istance away fro+ the trun % the 2ase% an! the line of sight the hy6otenuse. He coul! +easure the 2ase line along the groun! an! new it +ust eJual the <ertical height% an! he coul! !o this without reference to the sun. It was an ingenious a66lication of the well nown 6ro6erties of a right=angle! triangle. ==Dailway an!

0oco+oti<e #ngineer. W8$te P4tt< to Bl (, %/76' Ehite 6utty on a 2lac win!ow fra+e can 2e +a!e to har+oniBe 2y ru22ing the fresh 6utty with a 6iece of cotton !i66e! in la+62lac . U-$"# S "d) )e* %/76' San!6a6er +ay 2e e6t fro+ sli66ing un!er the han! 2y chal ing the 2ac . A" I"te*e-t$"# Ele(t*$( l E9)e*$!e"t %/77' (nyone 6ossessing a 2attery ha<ing an electro+oti<e force of fro+ I to $0 <olts can 6erfor+ the following e56eri+ent% which is 6articularly interesting on account of the <ariation of results with a66arently the sa+e con!itions. I++erse two 6ieces of 2rass in a strong solution of co++on salt an! water. .onnect one 6iece to the 6ositi<e wire an! the other to the negati<e% ta ing care that the 2rass 6ieces !o not touch each other. (fter the current has 6asse! one

How Eires are .onnecte! or two +inutes% the solution will 2eco+e colore!% an! if the 6rocess is continue! a colore! 6ig+ent will 2e 6reci6itate!. The 6reci6itate <aries consi!era2ly in color an! +ay 2e either yellow% 2lue% orange% green or 2rown% !e6en!ing on the strength of the current% the strength of the solution% an! the co+6osition of the 2rass. No1elt< C8 $" M de 0*o! M t(8 %/77'

The acco+6anying engra<ing shows what is 6ossi2le to !o with a 6en nife.

0ay a Match on the 7icture ( s+all chain co+6ose! of se<eral lin s was cut fro+ the woo! that for+s the +atch. >ee)$"# Doo*- Clo-ed %/77' 9lass !oors in 2oo cases +ay 2e e6t fro+ swinging o6en 2y 2oring a hole% a2out 1GI in. !ee6% either at the to6 or 2otto+ in the e!ge of the !oor% $ in. fro+ the closing e!ge% an! inserting an or!inary cor % allowing a s+all 6ortion to 6ro8ect an! ru2 on the facing.

Re-to*$"# B*o,e" Ne# t$1e- %/77' Ehoe<er has the +isfortune to 2rea a <alua2le negati<e nee! not !es6air% for the !a+age can 2e re6aire! +ost effecti<ely. In case the negati<e 2e 2ro en into +any 6ieces% ta e a clean glass% the sa+e siBe as the 2ro en negati<e% an! 6ut u6on this the 6ieces% 8oining the+ accurately% says .a+era .raft. 7ut another clean glass on to6 of this an! 2in! the three together with 6asse=6artout 2in!ing or gu++e! stri6s of or!inary 6a6er% as one woul! a lantern sli!e% an! co<er the glass e!ges. /e5t +a e a trans6arency of this==in the ca+era% of course==an! if it is !one right% the 6ositi<e will only show the crac s as !ar an! light lines. The

Before an! (fter Men!ing !ar lines are re+o<e! with the etching nife an! the light ones with the retouching 6encil. *ro+ this trans6arency another negati<e can 2e +a!e% or as +any negati<es as necessary% 2y either contact or in the ca+era% an! if the wor on the glass 6ositi<e was !one carefully% no trace of the 2rea shoul! 2e seen on the finishe! negati<e. If the negati<e is 2ro en in two or three larger 6ieces only% a contact 6ositi<e +ay 2e +a!e in the 6rinting fra+e without 2in!ing% 2y using a clean glass in the latter% u6on which the 6ieces are 6ut together% face u6% an! a !ry 6late e56ose! in contact with the+ in the !ar roo+. The acco+6anying engra<ings show a 6rint 2efore an! after re6airing a 2ro en negati<e in this +anner. Co$" "d T4!.le* T*$(, %/78' The acco+6anying s etch shows how a goo! tric +ay 2e easily 6erfor+e! 2y anyone. 0ay a 6iece of

This Is a 9oo! Tric hea<y 6a6er that is free fro+ creases on a 2oar! or ta2le. Secure three tu+2lers that are ali e an! stic a 6iece of the sa+e hea<y 6a6er o<er the o6enings in two of the+% neatly tri++ing it all aroun! the e!ges so as to lea<e nothing of the 6a6er for anyone to see. Ma e three co<ers of 6a6er as shown in *ig. 1 to 6ut o<er the tu+2lers. 7lace three coins on the sheet of 6a6er% then the tu+2lers with co<ers on to6 of the coins% the un6re6are! tu+2ler 2eing in the +i!!le. /ow lift the co<ers off the en! tu+2lers% an! you will see that the 6a6er on the o6en= ings co<ers the coins. De6lace the co<ers% lift the +i!!le one% an! a coin will 2e seen un!er the tu+2ler% as the o6ening of this tu+2ler is not co<ere!. Dro6 the co<er 2ac again an! lift the other tu+2lers an! co<ers 2o!ily% so that the s6ectators can see the coins% re+ar ing at the sa+e ti+e that you can +a e the+ <anish fro+ one to the other. The o6enings of the tu+2lers +ust ne<er 2e e56ose! so that any one can see the+% an! a safe way to !o this is to ee6 the+ le<el with the ta2le. A"ot8e* W < to Re"e3 D*< B tte*$e- %/78' There are +any +etho!s of renewing !ry 2atteries% an! I ha<e use! se<eral of the+% 2ut I foun! the following the 2est4 De+o<e the 6a6er co<er an! with a 1GI=in. !rill +a e a2out si5 holes aroun! the si!e of the Binc% a2out 1G$ in. fro+ the 2otto+. Then !rill another row of holes a2out half way u6 the si!e an! 6ut the 2attery to soa in a solution of sal a++oniac for I8 hours. Then re+o<e an! 6lug the holes u6 with har! soa6% an! re6lace in the 6a6er 2o5% when it will gi<e nearly as strong a current as when new. S$!)l< M de W$*e P4AAle %/78' The o28ect of this si+6ly +a!e wire 6uBBle is to get the ring off% which is not easy unless you now how. To !o so it is necessary to +o<e the triangle with ring to one of the hinge 8oints an! fol! the 6uBBle. Then sli6 the ring off the triangle o<er the hinge 8oint an! it will sli6 all aroun! an! off at the other hinge.

P*o"4"($ t$o" %/78' Dia2olo is 6ronounce! Dee=a2=lo. Re) $*$"# Bo9 C !e* - %/7:' In re6airing the inner 6art of 2o5 ca+eras which ha<e 2een 2ro en loose% use a 2in!ing of strong 2lac cloth well glue! in 6lace. This will +aterially strengthen the 8oints where the woo!en 6ieces are so thin that it is i+6ossi2le to use 2ra!s in hol!ing the+ together. Do not forget to thoroughly clean all the ol! glue or ce+ent fro+ the 8oints with a ras6 or san!6a6er 2efore atte+6ting a re6air. A F$-88oo, Bo9 %/7:' ( 2o5 that +ay 2e use! to hol! fishhoo s% sin ers% +atches or any s+all articles% can 2e +a!e fro+ two e+6ty shotgun cartri!ges as shown in the s etch. The 6a6er is cut fro+ the 2rass 6art of one shell at the 6lace +ar e! (% *ig. 1% an! the 2rass 6art% *ig=. $% is use! for a ca6 on the other

Ma!e of Shotgun Shells shell :*ig. ';. .oating the 2o5 with shellac will i+6ro<e its a66earance. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (2ner B. Shaw% /. Dart+outh% Mass. A T$" D*$",$"# C4) 0o* t8e C !) %/7:' If in nee! of a !rin ing cu6 while ca+6ing% a te+6orary cu6 can 2e +a!e of a to+ato or 2a ing=6ow!er can. 7unch two holes near the to6 of the canH 2en! a 6iece of wire an! 6lace the en!s through the holes as shown at ( in the s etch. 7ull the en!s to !raw the loo6 close u6 on the insi!e of the tin an! then twist the en!s to for+ a han!le as shown at B. Ehen there is enough wire twiste! to for+ a goo! han!le% 6ass the en!s aroun! the can

Han!le on a Tin .an at the 2otto+ an! twist the+ together on the o66osite si!e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. (. 0ane% #l 7aso% Te5. A Boo,! *, %/7:' ( <ery han!y 2oo +ar can 2e +a!e 2y attaching a narrow ri22on to an or!inary 6a= 6er cli6 an! using it as shown in the s etch. The cli6 is sli66e! o<er the 2in!ing in the 2ac of the 2oo as shown in the s etch. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .hester #. Earner% Fala+aBoo% Mich.

>$t(8e" >"$0e S8 *)e"e* %/7:' ( goo! ser<icea2le nife shar6ener +ay 2e +a!e fro+ a 6iece of steel cut as shown with two screw holes !rille! for fastening it to a 6iece of woo! or to a ta2le. The nife is !rawn through an! shar6ene! on either si!e. Both 6ositions of the nife are shown. The

Shar6ener on Ta2le #!ge steel is har!ene! 2efore fastening it in 6lace. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9eorge Ma!sen% .hicago. Ill. De1$(e- o0 W$"te* S)o*t-7Ho3 to M ,e "d U-e T8e! %/80' In the north the re!=chee e! 2oy !igs a hole in the ice an! while he a+uses an! in<igorates hi+self at s ating the fish un!erneath the icy sheet

NTi6 16 7oleN fasten the+sel<es to the hoo he has let !own through a hole. The 2oy use! to sit o<er the hole in the ice an! wait for the fish to 2ite% 2ut that 2eca+e too slow an! !etracte! too +uch fro+ his 6leasure at s ating. So his in<enti<e genius set itself to wor an! the Nti6=u6N an! NsignalN shown in the illustration was the result. Ehen the fish is not 2iting the flag lies flat on the ice% 2ut as soon as a fish has swallowe! the hoo the flag 6ole stan!s straight u6 wafting its 2right colore! flag to the 2reeBes an! all the 2oys on the s ating 6on! rea! the wor! Nfish.N The fish is !rawn u6% the hoo re2aite! an! the youthful fisher+an resu+es his 6leasures on the ice. ,ften a score or +ore of these Nti6= u6sN are 6lante! a2out the e!ges of the ice 6on!% each 2oy 2ringing his fishing tac le with his s ates an! thus fin!ing a !ou2le source of a+use+ent. May2e one 2oy will thus ha<e a half !oBen !ifferent lines in the water at once% it 2eing easy to watch the+ all together. The !e<ice 2y which the fish is +a!e to gi<e its own signal when caught is e5cee!ingly si+6le an! any 2oy can +a e it. 7rocure a light ro! a2out $ ft. in length an! to one en! fasten a s+all flag% +a!e of any 2right colore! cloth.

NTi6=16N *ish .aught Bin! the ro! at right angles to another stic which is 6lace! across the hole% so that a short 6iece of the flagro! 6ro8ects o<er the cross stic . To this short en! fasten the

fishing line. Be sure an! use strong string in 2in!ing the two ro!s together% an! also ta e care that the cross stic is long enough to 6er+it se<eral inches of each en! to rest on the ice. (fter fastening the line to the short en! of the ro!% 2ait the hoo with a li<e +innow or other suita2le 2ait an! let it !own through the hole. Ehen the fish is hoo e! the flag will instantly raise an! wa<e a2out strenuously until the fish is ta en fro+ the water. B?4!)$"#7? (,B F$-8e*! " %/80'

Ju+6ing=Jac *isher+an If the s+all 2oy has a N8u+6ing=8ac N left o<er fro+ .hrist+as. he +ay +a e this !o his fishing for hi+ an! ser<e as well as the Nti6=u6%N or he can easily +a e the 8u+6ing= 8ac hi+self in!e6en!ent of Santa .laus. The string which is 6ulle! to +a e the 8oints +o<e is tie! securely to the fishing lineH the hoo is 2aite! an! lowere! into the water through a hole in the ice. The N8u+6ing=8ac N wa<es his legs an! ar+s frantically to notify the 2oys when the fish is 2iting. The N8u+6ing=8ac N is also use! for fishing in su++er ti+e 2y 6lacing it on a float which is cast into the water. Me**<7Go7Ro4"d W8$*l o" I(e %/80' ( 9er+an !e<ice for the a+use+ent of chil!ren is a whirl on an ice +erry=go=roun!. It is +a!e 2y 6lacing a <ertical shaft or sta e% 6ro<i!e! with a cou6le of ol! cart=wheels% in a hole in the ice. ,ne wheel acts as a turning 2ase an! 6re<ents the shaft fro+ sin ing into the 6on!% an! the other for+s a su66ort for the long swee6 attache! for 6ro6ulsion 6ur6oses% an! shoul! 2e fastene! to the shaft a2out ' ft. a2o<e the 2ase wheel. The sle!s are +a!e fast in a string to the long en! of the swee6% which when turne! ra6i!ly causes the sle!s to sli!e o<er the ice in a circle at a high s6ee!. If the swee6 is long enough to ha<e each en! fro+ the shaft the sa+e length% two strings of sle!s +ay 2e attache!% which will 2alance the !e<ice an! +a e the turning +uch easier. T8e R4""$"# Sle$#8 %/8&' (nother winter s6ort% <ery 6o6ular in Swe!en% an! which has alrea!y reache! (+erica% is the Nrunning sleigh%N shown in the illustration. ( light sleigh is eJui66e! with long !ou2le runners an! is 6ro6elle! 2y foot 6ower. The 6erson using the sleigh stan!s with one foot u6on a rest attache! to one of the 2races connecting the runners an! 6ro6els the sleigh 2y 6ushing 2ac war! with the other foot. To stea!y the 2o!y an u6right su66ort is attache! to the runners. The contri<ance can 2e use! u6on har! froBen groun!% thin ice an! snow=co<ere! surfaces% an! un!er fa<ora2le con!itions +o<es with re+ar a2le s6ee!. The Nrunning sleighN has a !eci!e! a!<antage o<er s is% 2ecause the two foot su66orts are 2race! so that they cannot co+e a6art. (ny 2oy can +a e the sleigh.

Dunning Sleigh T8e W$"#ed S, te* %/8&' Eith the actual s6ee! of the win! a s ater +ay 2e hurle! along the ice if he is ai!e! 2y sails. He has 2een nown to tra<el at the rate of I0 +iles an hour%

*ra+e for S aterCs Sails (n! the s6ort while affor!ing the li+it of e5cite+ent% is not atten!e! with !anger. The sails are easily +a!e% as the illustrations an! !escri6tion will show. Secure two large thin hoo6s a2out I ft. in !ia+eter. They +ay 2e o2taine! fro+ an ol! hogshea! or 2y 2en!ing thin stri6s. *or each hoo6 select a 6iece of strong cane a2out 'GI in. in !ia+eter to constitute the fore an! +ain +asts or cross=yar!s. #5ten! these across the center of the hoo6 an! fasten each en! fir+ly to the hoo6Cs si!es. *or the +i!!le of each cross=s6ar +a e a cleat an! lash it on fir+ly. The +ain s6ar shoul! also 2e +a!e of two 6ieces of strong cane% each a2out &=1G$ ft. long. Bin! the+ together at each en! so that the large en! of one is fastene! to the s+all en! of the other. /e5t co+es the attaching of the sails to the se6arate +asts. The sails shoul! 2e +a!e of strong sheeting or thin can<as. Tac the cloth to the hoo6 on the inner si!e after it has 2een wra66e! aroun! the hoo6 two or three ti+es. /ow the +ain s6ar shoul! 2e attache! 2y s6ringing it a6art an! sli66ing the cleats of the crosss6ar 2etween the two 6ieces. Bin! the inner si!es of the hoo6s tightly together 2y +eans of a <ery strong !ou2le cor!% as shown in the figure. Then your sail is rea!y for the ice 6on!. See that your s ates are securely fastene!% raise your

S aterCs Sails *inishe! sail an! you will s i+ along the ice as lightly as a 2ir! on the wing. Eith a little 6ractice you will learn to tac an! gui!e yourself as !esire!.

7lan of Ice Boat% Sail an! Du!!er If the hoo6s cannot 2e easily o2taine! the sails +ay 2e +a!e eJually effecti<e 2y using the +ain s6ar an! fore an! +ain +asts as herein !escri2e!% +a ing the sails sJuare sha6e! instea! of roun! an! lea<ing off the hoo6s. In this case the sails shoul! 2e securely 2oun! with strong ta6e. (ttach a corner to each en! of the cross=s6ar% an! a corner to the outer en! of the +ain s6ar. The re+aining corner of each then a66ears o66osite to each other% an! shoul! 2e fastene! together 2y strong cor! in the sa+e +anner as the hoo6s. In this case the sails +ay 2e left off until after the fra+e is entirely 6ut together an! then fastene! on to the s6ars 2y 2uttons. ( +ore si+6le sail +ay 2e +a!e accor!ing to the 6lans illustrate! in the lower !rawing. It is +a!e 2y 2in!ing together in the center the hal<es of two strong hogshea! hoo6s% or two 2ent 6oles are 2etter. If 6ossi2le the sail shoul! 2e a2out 8 ft. long an! I

ft. wi!e. *asten on the sail at the four corners. The rig will con<ey two 6ersons an! is +ore easily constructe! than any other. I(e Bo t$"# %/8+' But the s6ort that is greatest of all% the one that use! to 2e 6art of the life of e<ery northern 2oy% an! which is 2eing re<i<e! in 6o6ularity after years of stagnation% is ice 2oating. Eith the ai! of ol! s ates% 6ieces of 2oar! an! an ol! sheet or a s+all 2it of can<as% any 2oy 6ossesse! of or!inary +echanical genius +ay +a e an ice 2oat. The fra+e of the 2oat shoul! 2e +a!e so+ething in the for+ of a ite. The center=2oar! shoul! 2e I or L ft. long% ) in. wi!e an! $ in. thic . The cross 2oar! +ay 2e of a 6iece of 1 2y ) in. 6lan ' ft. long. *asten these with 2races of s+all stout stri6% as shown in the !rawing% an! screw the cross=6iece securely to the center=2oar!. Bore a hole in the center of the intersection for the +ast 6ole. The seat +ay 2e +a!e of a 6iece of strong cloth or leather. Three s ates are fastene! on to either si!e of the cross=2oar! an! one to the rear en! of the center=2oar!% the latter of which is to o6erate as a ru!!er. In attaching the s ates first +a e a cou6le of runner 2loc s% each ) in. long an! ' in. wi!e. Bore holes in the+ for the stra6s of the s ates to 6ass through an! fasten the+ securely. /ail the runner 2loc s fir+ly to the cross2oar! a2out 1=1G$ in. fro+ each en!.

BoyCs Ice Boat In +a ing the ru!!er hew !own a 6iece of scantling 1 ft. long until it assu+es the sha6e of a clu2 with a flat 2ase. /ail a stri6 of woo! fir+ly to this 2ase% an! to the stri6 fasten the s ate. Dun the to6 of the clu2 through a hole 2ore! in the stern of the center= 2oar!. Then +a e the hel+ 2y 2oring a hole in one en! of a stri6 of soft 2oar! a2out 1 ft. long% an! through this hole 6ass the clu2 or ru22er=6ole an! fasten it so it +ay 2e shifte! when !esire!. Ma e the sail out of an ol! sheet% if it 2e strong enough% 6iece of can<as% or any such su2stance an! attach it to the +ast an! s6rit as shown in the illus= tration% an! gui!e it 2y a stout string attache! to the lower outer corner. (s an ice 2oat will tra<el faster than the win!% so+e care an! consi!era2le s ill is necessary. 1nless you are accusto+e! to +anaging a sail 2oat% !o not select a 6lace in which to learn where there are all holes or o6en water. To sto6 the 2oat throw the hea! aroun! into the win!% sa+e as you woul! with a sail2oat. If the win! is strong the occu6ants of the 2oat shoul! lie flat on their sto+ach. Co -te*- "d C8 $* Sle$#8- %/8/' Ma e your own sle!% 2oys] There is no use in 2uying the+% 2ecause your han!=+a!e sle! is 6ro2a2ly 2etter than any 6urchase! one an! then you can ta e so +uch +ore 6ri!e in it when you now it is of your own construction. There are so +any !ifferent !esigns of sle!s that can 2e +a!e 2y han! that the +atter can 2e left al+ost entirely to your own ingenuity. -ou can +a e one li e the 2ought sle!s an! face the runners with 6ieces of an iron hoo6 which will answer e<ery 6ur6ose. ( goo! sle! for coasting consists si+6ly of two 2arrel sta<es an! three 6ieces of 2oar! as shown in the 6icture% *ig. 1.

*ig. l= Barrel Sta<e Sle!

.hair Sleigh /o 2ought sle! will eJual it for coasting an! it is also 8ust the thing for carrying loa!s of snow for 2uil!ing snow houses. The +etho! of its construction is so si+6le that no other !escri6tion is nee!e! than the 6icture. -ou can +a e a chair=sleigh out of this 2y fitting a chair on the cross 2oar! instea! of the long to6 2oar! or it will 2e still stronger if the to6 2oar! is allowe! to re+ain% an! then you will ha<e a !e<ice that can rea!ily again 2e transfor+e! into a coasting sle!. In +a ing the chair=sleigh it is necessary% in or!er to hol! the chair in 6lace% to nail four 0=sha6e! 2loc s on the cross 2oar!s% one for each leg of the chair. S ating along o<er the ice an! 6ushing the chair in front of hi+ the 6rou! 6ossessor of a chair=sleigh +ay ta e his +other% grown sister or la!y frien! with hi+ on his outings% an! 6er+it her to ri!e in the chair. Fold$"# C8 $* Sle$#8 %/82'

*ig. $=*ol!ing .hair Sleigh Botto+

*ig. '=*ol!ing .hair Sleigh=To6 7arts Disconnecte!

*ig. I=*ol!ing .hair Sleigh ,6en ( fol!ing chair sleigh is e<en +ore en8oya2le an! con<enient than the !e<ice 8ust !escri2e!. If the ice 6on! is far fro+ ho+e this +ay 2e 6lace! un!er your ar+ an! carrie! where you li e. The illustrations% *igs. $ an! '% show all the 6arts as they shoul! loo 2efore

*ig. )=*ol!ing .hair Sleigh .lose! 2eing 8oine! together. The seat +ay 2e +a!e of a 6iece of can<as or car6et. The hinges are of leather. *igure I shows the fol!ing chair sleigh after it has 2een 6ut together. S ates are e+6loye! for the runners. The s ates +ay 2e stra66e! on or ta en off when= e<er !esire!. Ehen the chair is lifte! the su66orts sli6 fro+ the notches on the si!e 2ars an! fall on the runner 2ars. The chair is then fol!e! u6 so that it can 2e carrie! 2y a s+all 2oy. Eith regular +etal hinges an! light ti+2ers a <ery han!so+e chair can 2e constructe! that will also affor! an orna+ental lawn chair for su++er. T8e To.o## " Sled %/82' Ehen the snow is <ery !ee6 a to2oggan sle! is the thing for real s6ort. The runners of the or!inary sle! 2rea through the crust of the !ee6 snow% 2loc ing the 6rogress% an! s6oiling the fun. The to2oggan sle!% with its 2roa!% s+ooth 2otto+% gli!es along o<er the soft surface with 6erfect ease. To +a e the to2oggan sle!% secure two 2oar!s each 10 ft. long an! 1 ft. wi!e an! so thin that they can 2e easily 2ent. 7lace the 2oar!s 2esi!e each other an! 8oin the+ together with cross stic s. Screw the 2oar!s to the cross stic fro+ the 2otto+ an! 2e sure that the hea!s of the screws are 2urie! !ee6 enough in the woo! to not 6rotru!e% so

*ig. )=The To2oggan that the 2otto+ will 6resent an a2solutely s+ooth surface to the snow. *asten two si!e 2ars to the to6 of the cross stic s an! screw the+ fir+ly. In so+e instances the ti+2ers are fastene! together 2y strings% a groo<e 2eing cut + the 2otto+ of the 2oar!s so as to ee6 the strings fro+ 6rotru!ing an! 2eing groun! to 6ieces. (fter the si!e 2ars are securely fastene!% 2en! the en!s of the 2oar!s o<er an! tie the+ to the en!s of the front cross 2ar to hol! the+ in 6osition. See *ig. ). The strings for ee6ing the 2oar!s 2ent +ust 2e <ery strong. 7ieces of stout wire% or a slen!er steel ro!% are e<en 2etter. The to2oggan sli!e is the fa<ore! !e<ice of s6ort a+ong the 2oys in .ana!a% where nearly e<ery 2oy nows how to +a e the+.

T8e No*3e#$ " S,$. %/82' -ou ha<e often rea! of the s i% the snowshoe use! 2y the /orwegians an! other 6eo6le li<ing in the far north. Eith the+ the +en an! wo+en gli!e !own the snow= co<ere! +ountain si!es% lea6 across !itches% run races an! ha<e all in!s of s6ort. They are 8ust as a+using to the (+erican 2oy who has e<er learne! to +ani6ulate the+% an! it is won!erful how +uch s ill can 2e attaine! in their use. (ny 2oy with a little +echanical ingenuity can +a e a 6air of s is :6ronounce! s ees;. They can 2e +a!e fro+ two 2arrel sta<es. Select sta<es of straight graine! woo!. Shar6en the en!s of each an! score each en! 2y cutting groo<es in the woo!% as shown in the cut% *ig. 7. ( 6oc et nife or s+all gouge will suffice for this wor . Then s+ear the en! of the sta<es with oil an! hol! the+ close to a hot fire until they can 2e 2ent so as to ti6 the toes u6war!% as shown in the 6icture% *ig. 7. Then with a cor! 2in! the sta<es as they are 2ent an! 6er+it the+ to re+ain thus tie! until they retain the cur<e! for+ of their own accor!. /ow screw on to6 of each s i a little 2loc % 8ust 2roa! an! high enough to fit in front of the heels of your shoe. *asten a stra6 in front of

Ho+e=Ma!e S is each 2loc through which to sli6 your toes% an! the s is are +a!e. The insi!e of the shoe heel shoul! 6ress fir+ly against the 2loc an! the toe 2e hel! tightly un!er the stra6. This will ee6 the s is on your feet. /ow 6rocure a stic with which to steer an! hunt a snow 2an . (t first you will affor! +ore a+use+ent to onloo ers than to yourself% for the s is ha<e a way of trying to run in o66osite !irections% crosswise an! <arious ways% 2ut with 6ractice you will soon 2eco+e e56ert in their +ani6ulation. Ho!e7M de Settee %/85' Many 6eo6le ha<e ol! woo!en 2e!s store! away which can easily 2e +a!e into han!y settees li e the one shown in the acco+6anying 6hotogra6h. ( few nails an! one= half !oBen '=in. screws are all the +aterials necessary 2esi!es the ol! 2e!. The tools nee!e! are a saw% ha++er an! a screw!ri<er. The hea!=2oar!% if too high% can 2e cut

Settee Ma!e fro+ ,l! Eoo!en Be!

off an! so+e of the orna+ents re6lace!. The foot2oar! +ust 2e cut in two to +a e the en!s or ar+s of the settee. The si!e rails an! a few of the slats are use! in +a ing the seat. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E+. *. Hil!% 0a e *orest% Ill. E" !el$"# B$(<(le F* !e %/85'

Ma e an ena+el 2y +i5ing $ oB. 2urnt u+2er with 1 Jt. 2oile! oil% heating% an! then a!!ing 1 oB. as6haltu+. Fee6 the +ass hot until thoroughly +i5e!% says the Master 7ainter. Thin with tur6entine while still hot. 1se a ca+elCs hair 2rush for a66lying the ena+el an! allow it to setH then 6lace the article in an o<en% 2a e for si5 or eight hours at a te+6erature of $L0 !eg. *. Ehen cool ru2 !own with steel wool. (66ly a finishing coat an! allow it to 2a e eight hours at $L0 !eg. *. Du2 !own with a soft rag% <arnish an! 2a e again at $00 !eg. *. Heat an! cool the fra+e gra!ually each ti+e. Blac ena+el is easiest to a66ly an! 2a es har!est% 2ut reJuires a te+6erature of '00 !eg. .olors can 2e 2a e! at fro+ $00 to $L0 !eg. Ho3 to M ,e Se3$"# B # %/86'

( <ery 6ractical an! no<el sewing 2ag for o!!s an! en!s necessary for +en!ing% etc.% can 2e +a!e of a fol!ing ca+6 stool. If an ol! stool is not

.a+6=Stool Eor Bag at han!% a new one can 2e 6urchase! for $L cents. De+o<e the to6 or seat% which is usually +a!e of a 6iece of car6et% then +a e a 2ag as shown in *ig. 1 an! stitch a hea<y cor! aroun! the to6 to +a e it strong. Ma e 6oc ets on the insi!e as shown an! nail the 2ag to the two cross6ieces on which the en!s of the car6et were tac e!. 0arge% 2rass furniture nails shoul! 2e use!. (ttach a s+all hoo an! eye on each en! an! fasten two leather han!les to the cross6ieces. Such a 2ag reJuires little roo+ when fol!e! an! can 2e store! in a closet when not in use. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Jose6h 0e!win a% 7hila!el6hia% 7a. Ho!e7M de Rolle* S, te- %/86' The ru22er=tire! wheels of an ol! car6et swee6er can 2e use! to a!<antage in +a ing a 6air of roller s ates. In *ig. 1 is shown how an iron washer or two +ay 2e fastene! to the woo! with a 6iece of sheet +etal to su66ort

Du22er Tire! Doller S ate the short a5les of the wheels. The wheels are oile! through the holes ( an! B% *ig. $. These holes shoul! 2e s+aller than the a5les. The two si!e 6ieces are fastene! together

with a 2oar! naile! on the to6 e!ges% as shown. This 2oar! also furnishes the flat to6 for the shoe sole. Two stra6s are attache! for fastening the s ate to the shoe. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Thos. De 0oof% 9ran! Da6i!s% Mich. AdF4-te* 0o* Fle9$.le Ele(t*$( W$*e- %/86' The acco+6anying illustration shows an a!8uster for changing the !ro6 of an electric light. The +ain feature of this a!8uster is that it can 2e re+o<e! fro+ the cor! at any ti+e. The a!8uster is +a!e fro+ a 6iece of woo!% 'G8 in. thic % $ in. wi!e an! ' in. long. ( 1GI in. hole is 2ore! in the center near each en! of the woo! an! a slot cut fro+

.an Be Ta en fro+ the .or! the holes to the outsi!e e!ge% as shown in *ig. 1. It is attache! to the fle5i2le cor! as shown in *ig. $. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J.J. Voelc erH Decatur% Ill. M ,$"# P8oto#* )8- o" W t(8 D$ l- %/86' Beat to a foa+ the white of an egg% with the a!!ition of a little a++onia. (!! & oB. an! ' !r. of water an! 2eat again. (fter the egg has settle!% filter an! let the liJui! run o<er the !ial% which has 2een 6re<iously cleane! with a++onia. Ehen the sur6lus has run off% coat with the +i5ture an! allow to !ry. ( sensiti<e collo!ion is now 6ro!uce! as follows4 Dissol<e & gr. of chlori!e of Binc in L !r. of alcoholH a!! 7=1G$ gr. of collo!ion cotton an! )=1G$ !r. of ether. Sha e the whole forci2ly. Dissol<e $' gr. of nitrate of sil<er in hot water% a!! 1=1G$ !r. of alcohol an! ee6 the whole solution 2y heating. The sil<er solution is now a!!e! in s+all Juantities at a ti+e to the collo!ion% which +ust 2e well settle!. This% of course% is !one in the !ar roo+. (fter $I hours the e+ulsion is filtere! 2y 6assing it through cotton +oistene! with alcohol. This !ura2le collo!ion e+ulsion is now flowe! thinly u6on the 6re6are! watch !ial% which% after the collo!ion has coagulate!% is +o<e! u6 an! !own in !istille! water until the fatty stri6es !isa66ear. The water is then change! once% an! after a short i++ersion% the !ial is left to !ry on a 6iece of 2lotting 6a6er. It is now rea!y for e56osure. #56ose un!er +agnesiu+ light an! !e<elo6 with a citrate o5alic !e<elo6er% or in the following hy!roJuinone !e<elo6er4 Hy!roJuinone XXXX 1 !r. Bro+i!e of 6otassiu+ .... ) !r. Sul6hite of so!a .XXX.. 1=1G$ oB. .ar2onate of so!a .XX... $=$G' !r. Eater XXXXXXX.. 1I oB. (fter fi5ing an! !rying% coat with a trans6arent 6ositi<e <arnish. Ho!e7M de O1e*8e d T*olle< Co -te* %/87' The acco+6anying s etch shows a 6laygroun! trolley line which furnishe! a great !eal of a+use+ent to +any chil!ren at a +ini+u+ cost. The wire% which is 'G1) in. in !ia+eter% was stretche! 2etween a tree an! a 2arn across a <acant Juarter 2loc . The strength of the wire was first teste! 2y a hea<y +an. Ehen not in use the wire is unhoo e! fro+ the tree an!

Details of the Trolley an! How It Is 1se! haule! into the 2arn an! coile! loosely in the hay loft. The wire was +a!e taut for use 2y a ro6e which was fastene! to the 2ea+s in the 2arn. The trolley was +a!e% as shown in *igs. 1 an! $% of stri6s of woo! 2olte! with sto<e 2olts on two groo<e! 6ulleys. The +i!!le wi!e 2oar! was +a!e of har!woo!. The wheels were ta en fro+ light 6ulley 2loc s an! sto<e 2olts were 6urchase! fro+ a local har!ware store to accurately fit the hu2s. (s it was necessary to ee6 the 2earings grease!% we use! <aseline. This coaster +a!e great s6ort for the youngsters an! at no ti+e were they in !anger of a serious fall as the line was hung low an! the slant of the wire was +o!erate. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H. J. Hol!en% 7al+ S6rings% .alif. Ho3 to M ,e " Ele(t*$( F4*" (e Re#4l to* %/88' Ee ha<e a furnace in our house an! a 6art of +y wor each e<ening last winter was to go !own in the 2ase+ent at & oCcloc % fill the furnace with coal for the night an! stay there until it was 2urning in goo! sha6e% then to close the !raft !oor. (s this 6erfor+= ance reJuires fro+ twenty to thirty

Details of *urnace Degulator .onstruction +inutes I conclu!e! to +a e a self=acting !e<ice which woul! close the !raft an! lea<e the furnace safe% without any further attention on +y 6art% after 6utting in the coal an! o6ening it u6 to 2urn. (s so+e other 2oys +ay li e to 2uil! the sa+e regulator I will tell 8ust how to +a e one an! how it o6erates. Deferring to *ig. 1% you will see a straight cor! is attache! to the !raft !oor of the furnace% D% an! is run o<er the 6ulley 7 an! finally is attache! to a s+all 6iece of iron H. This 6iece of iron is hinge! to 1. To the other si!e of H another cor! 9 is fastene!% which 6asses o<er the 6ulley / an! ter+inates in any con<enient 6lace in the roo+s a2o<e. This 6iece of iron H is hel! in 6lace 2y the release (. /ow . is a coil of wire fro+ a !oor 2ell. D is an ar+ature which wor s ( on 6i<ot J. M is a 1=tu2e, fille! with +ercury% one en! 2eing connecte! to a half liter glass flas * 2y the tu2e T% an! the other en! ter+inates in an o<erflow tu2e ,. B is a 2attery of three 2ichro+ate cells which are connecte! u6 with the . an! the 6latinu+ 6oints 1==$% which are fuse! into the 1=tu2e. ,n fi5ing the furnace the iron 6iece H ta es 6osition O% this 2eing the nor+al 6osition when !raft !oor D is close!. ,n arri<ing u6stairs I 6ull the cor! 9% which causes the 6iece H to 2eco+e fi5e! in the <ertical 6osition 2y +eans of (. This o6ens the !raft !oor at the sa+e ti+e. /ow when the furnace heats u6 sufficiently it causes the air to e56an! in *% which causes the +ercury in M to rise a little a2o<e the 6oint $. This i++e!iately causes a current to flow through . which in turn !raws D towar!s it% raises ( an! causes H to !ro6 to 6osition O. This shuts the furnace !oor. /ow the furnace% of course% cools !own% thus causing the air in * to contract an! conseJuently o6ening the circuit through .. If at any ti+e the furnace shoul! o<erheat% the raising of (% on which is groun!e! a wire fro+ a signal 2ell u6stairs% will +a e a circuit through the 2ell 2y +eans of the 6oint P an! wire lea!ing therefro+. This 2ell also ser<es to tell +e whether H has !ro66e! or not. This sa+e !e<ice of regulating the !raft D can 2e use! to regulate the !a+6er% foun! on the coal !oors of +ost furnaces% 2y si+6ly fusing a 6latinu+ 6oint on the other si!e of M an! changing the cor! which is attache! to D. ( two=contact switch coul! also 2e inserte! to throw connections fro+ $ to '. It woul! wor in this

+anner4 The !a+6er !oor% of course% which ee6s a low fire% woul! 2e u6 in a 6osition si+ilar to DH on the furnace cooling too +uch% connection% !ue to contracting of air in *% woul! 2e +a!e through ' an! .% causing H to !ro6% thus closing !oor. This si+6le !e<ice wor e! <ery well all last winter an! ga<e +e no trou2le whate<er. If you cannot rea!ily 6rocure a 1=tu2e% you can +a e one% as I !i!% an! the wor is interesting. The 1=tu2e is constructe! in the following +anner. ( glass tu2e is close! at one en!. This is !one 2y hol!ing the tu2e in one corner of a gas fla+e% so+ewhat near the !ar area :(% *ig. $;% an! constantly turning the tu2e% when it will 2e foun! that the glass has +elte! together. /ow% after it is cool% a2out ' or I in. fro+ the seale! en!% the tu2e is hel! stea!ily so that the fla+e will heat one s+all 6ortion : B% *ig. $ ;. (fter this s+all 6ortion is heate! 2low into the tu2e% not <ery har!% 2ut 8ust enough to cause tu2e to 2ulge out. (llow to cool. Then reheat the s+all 2ulge! 6ortion% 2low Juite har!% so that the glass will 2e 2lown out at this 6oint% for+ing a s+all hole. /ow insert a2out 1G$ in. of 6latinu+ wire an! reheat% hol!ing 6latinu+

Ma ing the 1=Tu2e wire 2y +eans of a s+all 6liers so that it will 2e 6artly in the tu2e an! 6artly without. The 6latinu+ will stic to the glass% an! if glass is sufficiently heate! one will 2e a2le to 6ull it% 2y +eans of 6liers% fro+ one si!e of the hole to the other% thus sealing the wire into the tu2e. (nother wire is seale! in the sa+e way a2out 1 in. fro+ the first. /ow% to 2en! the tu2e% one +ust hol! it% with 2oth han!s% in the fla+e an! turn constantly until soft. @uic ly with!raw fro+ fla+e an! 2en!% 8ust as you woul! a 6iece of co66er wire. (llow to cool slowly. The se<eral tu2es are connecte! with a short 6iece of ru22er tu2ing. The total cost of +aterials for constructing the a66aratus co+6lete will not a+ount to +ore than one !ollar. ==.ontri2ute! 2y M. 9. Fo6f% 0ewis Institute% .hicago. We t8e*)*oo0$"# 0o* Te"t- %/8:' Dissol<e I oB. sul6hate of Binc in 10 gal. waterH a!! 1G$ l2. sal=so!aH stir well until !issol<e!% an! a!! 1G$ oB. tartaric aci!. 7ut the tent co<er in this solution an! let lie $I hrs. Ta e out :!o not wring it; an! hang u6 to !ry. 9rinnellCs Han! Boo on 7ainting. S 3$"# S8eet Met l %/8:' Sheet +etal 6lace! 2etween two 2oar!s in the 8aws of a <ise an! cla+6e! tightly% can 2e sawe! easily with a hac saw. A Mo"o)l "e We t8e* V "e %/:0' The toy win!+ill or weather <ane shown in the s etch is +a!e to re6resent a BlUriot +ono6lane. The 6ro6eller is turne! 2y the win!. The fra+e is +a!e of hea<y wire an! connecte! with stra6s of tin. The construction is 6lainly shown in the illustration. The win!+ill <ane can 2e +a!e in any siBe to suit the 2uil!er. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. .. Bliss% St. 0ouis% Missouri.

Eire an! Sheet=Metal Vane Ho3 to M ,e M$""o3 T* ) %/:0'

9lass +innow tra6s that will gi<e as goo! ser<ice as those 6urchase! at the tac le store can 2e +a!e without !ifficulty. If a tra6 shoul! 2e 2ange! carelessly against the si!e of the 2oat or so+e other o2struction an! s+ashe!% instea! of s6en!ing se<eral !ollars to re6lace it% a half hourCs ti+e will turn out a new one 8ust as goo!% says a corres6on!ent of ,uting. ( tra6 of this in! can 2e +a!e fro+ an or!inary fruit 8ar such as use! in 6utting u6 6reser<es% either of one or two=Juart ca6acity. ( one=Juart 8ar gi<es goo! results% 2ut if the 2ait to 2e caught is of fairly large siBe% the two Juart siBe +ay 2e use!. (s the 8ars ha<e the sa+e style to6 they can 2e use! interchangea2ly with one +outh6iece. The +outh6iece is +a!e of a roun! nec 2ottle of which the glass is colorless an! rather thin. If the nec of the 2ottle is cut at the right 6oint% it +a es a glass funnel that will 8ust fit into the fruit 8ar. The funnel for+s the +outh of the tra6. 7ut the nec of the 2ottle into the fruit 8ar an! +ar the glass with a file where the 2ottle an! 8ar +eet. Ma e as !ee6 a cut as 6ossi2le with a file aroun! the 2ottle on the +ar an! 6lace two turns of a yarn string saturate! in erosene aroun! 8ust 2elow the cut when the 2ottle is stan!ing in an u6right 6osition. Set fire to the string an! turn the 2ottle fro+ si!e to si!e to !istri2ute the heat e<enly% then when the string has 2urne! out% 6lunge the 2ottle in col! water an! it will se6arate on the cut. Bin! so+e co66er wire aroun! the nec of the 8ar so that three en!s will 6ro8ect 1G$ in. or +ore. These are 2ent !own o<er the funnel when 6ut into the 8ar% for+ing cla+6s to hol! it in 6lace. The co66er wire can 2e 2ent +any ti+es in e+6tying or 2aiting the tra6 without 2rea ing. Two co66er wire 2an!s are tie! tightly aroun! the 8ar a2out ' in. a6art. They shoul! 2e twiste! tight with a 6air of 6liers an! the en!s 8oine!% for+ing a ring for attaching a cor!. *or catching N elliesN or N illies%N 2ait the tra6 with crushe! cla+s or salt=water +ussels an! for fresh water shiners use +ince+eat or 2rea! cru+2s an! !o not s6ill any 2ait outsi!e of the tra6. 0ea<e the tra6 !own ten to fifteen +inutes an! when resetting it after e+6tying% 6ut 2ac one or two of the <icti+s% as the others enter +ore rea!ily if they see so+e of their co+6anions ahea! of the+. A Re!ed< 0o* Le ,$"# Fo4"t $" Pe"- %/:0' *ountain=6en lea s +ay often 2e 6re<ente! 2y unscrewing the 8oint an! lightly s+earing the screw with <aseline. This also +a es it easy to unscrew the 8oint for filling.

>$te- o0 M "< >$"d- "d Ho3 to M ,e T8e! %/:&' ,ne of the 6rettiest of all is the 2utterfly ite. To +a e this get two thin ite stic s of eJual length. Ben! each in an are% tying one en! of a strong string to one en! of each stic an! the other en! of the string to a 6oint a2out ' in. fro+ the other en! of the stic . This lea<es one en! of each stic free% hoo ing o<er the he+is6here !escri2e! 2y the threa! an! the stic . /ow tie another threa! to

Boy Fite each of these free en!s an! tie the other en! of the threa! to a 6oint near the other en! of the stic % corres6on!ing with the !istance fro+ the en! at which the first strings were tie! on the o66osite si!e. This !one% you shoul! ha<e two arche! fra+es% each an e5act counter6art of the other in siBe% cur<ature an! weight. /ow fasten the two fra+es together so that the arcs will o<erla6 each other as shown in the s etch. Bin! the intersecting 6oints securely with threa!. To +a e the 2utterflyCs hea!% secure two hea<y 2roo+ straws or two short wires% an!

9irl Fite attach the+ to the to6 6art of the wing fra+es near where the stic s intersect% so that the straws or wires will cross. These for+ the antennae% or the Ns+ellers.N Then select the color of 6a6er you want% yellow% 2rown% 2lue% white or any other colorH lay it on a flat surface an! 6lace the fra+e on to6 of it% hol!ing the fra+e !own securely with a weight. Then with a 6air of scissors cut the 6a6er aroun! the fra+e% lea<ing a2out a 1G$=in. +argin for 6asting. .ut slits in the 6a6er a2out $ in. a6art aroun! the cur<es an! at all angles to ee6 the 6a6er fro+ wrin ling when it is 6aste!. Distri2ute the 6aste with a s+all 2rush an! +a e the o<erla6s a little +ore than 1GI in. wi!e an! 6ress the+

Butterfly Fite together with a soft cloth. Ehen the ite is !ry !ecorate it with 6aint or stri6s of colore! 6a6er in any !esign you +ay fancy. The 2est effects are 6ro!uce! 2y 6asting 6ieces of colore! 6a6er on to6 of the other 6a6er. Blac 6a6er !ecorations show u6 to fine a!<antage when the ite is in flight. (ttach the N2elly=2an!N to the

*ra+e for 9irl Fite cur<e! stic s 2y 6unching a hole in the 6a6er in the sa+e +anner as it is attache! to the co++on he5agonal or coffin=sha6e! ite. Eith a tail% your ite is rea!y to fly. (nother interesting !esign is the 2oy ite. Eith light colore! coat an! <est an! gay stri6e! trousers% the ite stan!ing high in the air always attracts attention an! affor!s s6len!i! s6ort for the (+erican youth in s6ringti+e. In +a ing a 2oy ite it shoul! 2e re+e+2ere! that the larger the 2oy is the 2etter he will fly. To construct the fra+e% two straight stic s% say '=1G$ ft. long% shoul! ser<e for the legs an!

*ra+e for Boy Fite 2o!yH another straight stic for+s the s6ine an! shoul! 2e a2out $ ft. I in. long. *or the ar+s% get a fourth straight stic a2out ' ft. ' in. long. Ma e the fra+e for the hea! 2y 2en!ing a light tough stic in a circle a2out 7 in. in !ia+eter. Bin! it tightly with a strong threa! an! through its center run the s6ine. Then tac on the ar+ stic ' in. un!er the circle so that the s6inal colu+n crosses the ar+ stic e5actly in the center. Era6 tightly with strong threa! an! tac on the two stic s that are to ser<e for the legs an! 2o!y. The leg stic s shoul! 2e fastene! to the ar+ stic a2out ) in. on either si!e of the s6inal colu+n% an! crosse! so that the other en!s are ' ft. a6art. Tac the+ an! the ar+ stic together at the 6oint where they intersect. S+all hoo6s an! cross stic of the sa+e +aterial as the hea! fra+e shoul! 2e fastene! to 2oth e5tre+ities of the ar+ stic an! the lower en!s of the leg stic for the han!s an! feet. See that 2oth han! fra+es are e5actly ali e an! e5ercise eJual caution regar!ing the foot fra+esH also see that the ar+ stic is at e5act right angles with the s6ine stic an! that the ite 8oints are all fir+ly tie! an! the ite e<enly 2alance!H otherwise it +ay 2e lo6si!e!. *asten on the strings of the fra+e% 2eginning at the nec at eJual !istances fro+ the s6ine% as in!icate! 2y the !otte! lines in the !iagra+. #5ten! a string slantingly fro+ the ar+s tic to the hea! on 2oth si!es of the s6inal colu+n% an! run all the other strings as shown in the cut% 2eing careful that 2oth si!es of the fra+e corres6on! in +easure+ents. To co<er the ite% select !ifferent colors of 6a6er to suit your taste% an! after 6asting the+ together% lay the 6a6er on the floor an! 6lacing the fra+e on it% cut out the 6attern. 0ea<e an e!ge of 1G$ in. all aroun! an! +a e a slit in this e!ge e<ery ) in. an! at each angleH +a e the slits $ in. a6art aroun! the hea!. (fter the ite is 6aste! an! !ry% 6aint the 2uttons% hair% eyes% han!s% feet% etc.% as you !esire. (rrange the N2elly 2an!N an! tail 2an! an! attach the ite string in the sa+e +anner as in the or!inary coffin=sha6e! ite. The Nla!y iteN is +a!e on the sa+e 6rinci6le as the 2oy ite. The fra+e +ay 2e +a!e e5actly as the 2oy ite an! then N!resse!N with tissue 6a6er to re6resent a girl% or it +ay 2e +a!e on the s6ecial fra+e% 6age 81. De+e+2er the !otte! lines re6resent the strings or threa!% an! the other lines in!icate the ite stic s. Be careful with your +easure+ents so that each si!e of the ite corres6on!s e5actly an! is well 2alance!. (lso see that e<ery 6oint where the stic s intersect is fir+ly tac e! an! 2oun!. To co<er the ite% first 6aste together 6ieces of tissue 6a6er of !ifferent color to suit your taste. The 6aste shoul! 2e +a!e of flour an! water an! 2oile!. Ma e the sea+s or o<erla6s not Juite 'G8 in. wi!e. 0ay the 6a6er on the floor% using weights to hol! it !own% an! 6lace the fra+e of the ite u6on it. Then cut out the 6a6er aroun! the fra+e% lea<ing an e!ge of 1G$ in. DonCt forget to +a e a slit in the e!ge e<ery ) or 7 in. an! at each angle. (roun! the hea! the slits are cut $ in. a6art% as in the case of the 2oy ite. (fter the ite is !ry% 6aint the 6a6er as your fancy !ictates. To +a e the 2reast 2an!% 6unch holes through the 6a6er% one u6on each si!e of the leg stic s% 8ust a2o<e the 2otto+% an! one u6on each si!e of the ar+ stic s at the shoul!er. Dun one en! of the string through the hole at the 2otto+ of the left li+2 an! tie it to the leg stic H tie the other en! at the right shoul!er. *asten one en! of another

string of the sa+e length at the 2otto+ of the right legH 6ass the string u6 across the first 2an! an! tie the other en! at the left shoul!er. (ttach the ite string to the 2reast 2an! at the 6oint where the two strings intersect. Tie the not so that you can sli!e the ite string u6 or !own until it is 6ro6erly a!8uste!. The tail 2an! is +a!e 2y tying a string to the leg stic s at the 2otto+ of the 2reast 2an!. 0et the string hang slac 2elow the s irt an! attach the tail to the center. The sa+e general rules a66ly in attaching the string an! tail to the 2oy ite. -ou can +a e the la!y loo as if !ancing an! ic ing in the clou!s 2y +a ing the feet of stiff 6aste2oar! an! allowing the+ to hang loose fro+ the line which for+s the 2otto+ of the s irt. The feet will +o<e an! sway with each +otion of the ite. Ho3 to M ,e R4..e* St !)- %/:/' In!ia ru22er% es6ecially 6re6are! for sta+6=+a ing% shoul! 2e 6rocure! fro+ a !ealer or +anufacturer% if goo! results are to 2e o2taine!. (s an e56eri+ent% it is 6ossi2le for an a+ateur to 6re6are the ru22er% 2ut% in such cases% it is always atten!e! with uncertain results. The +i5e! uncure! ru22er co+es in white sheets% strong% fir+ an! a2out 1G8 in. thic % an! for its +ani6ulation a 6ress is in!is6ensa2le% 2ut can 2e ho+e=+a!e. *or the 2ase of the 6ress use a 6iece of iron% ha<ing two holes !rille! in it at the +i!!le of o66osite si!es% through which 6ass 2olts% letting the threa! en!s e5ten! u6war! an! counter=sin ing 6laces for the 2olt hea!s to ee6 the un!er si!e of the 2ase le<el. Sol!er the 2olts in 6lace at the 2ase. The u66er 6art of the 6ress% or the 6laten% is also of iron% cut so it can 2e swung

*ish Fettle VulcaniBer off the 2olts% rather than 2y re+o<ing the nuts an! lifting it off. String a half !oBen nuts% larger than those which screw on% on each 2olt% so that when the u66er nut on each is screwe! to the e5tent of the threa! the 6ressure will 2e co++unicate! through the nuts we!ge! in 2etween the 6laten an! the u66er nut. The 2olt holes in the 6laten shoul! 2e !irectly o<er those in the 2ase. Distance 6ieces of an e5act thic ness shoul! 2e 6ro<i!e! for use on the 2aseH these ser<e to ee6 the 6ressure e<en. In 6re6aring the +oul!% if ty6e is to 2e co6ie!% use rather large ty6e with wi!e s6aces an! set u6 with high Jua!s an! s6aces% or the ty6e faces +ay 2e fille! u6 2y ru22ing with either wa5% or soa6% lightly 2rushing off any that re+ains loose. The ty6e so set shoul! 2e loc e! into a fra+e. This +ay 2e +a!e of two 6ieces of woo! 2olte! together at 2oth en!s% or of 6rinterCs furniture. 7lace it on a flat surface :+ar2le is goo!% 2ut any 6erfectly s+ooth surface will !o; an! 6lace !istance 6ieces 1G8 in. higher than its u66er surface on either si!e of it. (66ly oli<e oil to the ty6e faces an! wi6e off any e5cess. To for+ the +atri5 or re<erse of the +o!el% ta e a 6iece of iron larger than the inscri6tion to 2e co6ie!% an! s6rea! u6on it to a !e6th of 1GI in% a 6utty +a!e 2y +i5ing 6laster of 6aris an! water to the right consistency. By +eans of a ta2le nife s6rea! the 6laster s+oothly an! then in<ert the 6late u6on the +o!el an! 6ress !own until

VulcaniBing 7ress for Du22er Sta+6s the !istance 6ieces are struc . 0et it set 10 +inutes an! then re+o<e. If care has 2een ta en the +atri5 will 2e 6erfect. (fter it has thoroughly !rie!% 6refera2ly in an o<en% saturate it with an alcoholic solution of shellac to strengthen it. .ut a 6iece of s+ooth ru22er% large enough to co<er the +atri5% fro+ the sheet% throw this into a 2o5 of talc% or 6ow!ere! soa6stone% so that it recei<es a coating on 2oth si!esH !ust a little of the 6ow!er o<er the +atri5% also. 7lace the 6ress on a su66ort o<er a gas 2urnerH or a erosene la+6% an! a66ly the heat. 7lace the +atri5 on the 2ase of the 6ress% !ust off the 6iece of in!ia ru22er an! 6lace in the 6ress u6on the +atri5 an! screw !own the 6laten. Heat the 6ress to $8I !eg. *. an! ee6 screwing !own the 6laten so that the ru22er% now soft an! 6utty=li e% is force! into e<ery recess of the +atri5. ( ther+o+eter is not necessaryH so+e ru22er always 6rotru!es an! the stage of the 6rocess can 2e tol! fro+ that. (t first it is Juite elastic% then as the heat increases it 2eco+es soft% then the curing 2egins an! it again 2eco+es elastic% so that% if a 6oint of a nife 2la!e is 6resse! against it% it resu+es its sha6e when the 6oint is re+o<e!. Ehen this ta es 6lace it is then thoroughly <ulcaniBe! an! the sheet can 2e re+o<e! fro+ the +atri5. Ten +inutes% un!er fa<ora2le con!itions% is sufficient ti+e for +oul!ing the ru22er. By +eans of co++on glue% or 2icycle tire ce+ent% fasten the ru22er sta+6 to a woo!en han!le. It is 6ossi2le to !is6ense with the 6ress in +a ing sta+6s% where the wor is not !one in Juantities% an! use a hot flat=iron. The +atri5 is 6lace! on a sto<e at low heat% the ru22er lai! on an! the hot iron a66lie!. But a few +o+ents are reJuire! to +oul! it. (n ol! letter 6ress if it 2e inclose! in a tin o<en +a es a goo! 6ress% or all the necessary +aterials an! a66aratus can 2e 6urchase! fro+ a !ealer. (ny ty6e such as all 6rinters use will answer. To L$#8t G -l$#8t W$t8o4t M t(8e- %/:2'

It is 6ro2a2ly well nown that if you ru2 your feet 2ris ly o<er a car6et on a !ry% col! !ay an! then touch any +etallic o28ect with your finger it will e+it a s+all s6ar . The following a+using e56eri+ent +ay 2e !one on the sa+e 6rinci6le4

Ta e any s+all 6iece of wire a2out $ in. long an! twist it aroun! a gas 2urner as

shown at ( in the s etch. Ha<e the ti6 of the 2urner a2out 1G8 in. 2elow the en! of the wire. The wire +ust 2e 8ust far enough away fro+ the center of the 2urner to ee6 it out of the fla+e% or else it will +elt. /ow get a frien! to turn on the gas when you are rea!y for it. 9o aroun! the roo+ once or twice ru22ing your feet along the car6et. Ehen you co+e aroun! to the gaslight touch the 6oint of the wire an! if the gas is turne! on% the light will flare right u6 as if it ha! 2een lit with a +atch. This e56eri+ent cannot 2e !one on a !a+6 !ay or without shoes% an! wor s 2est in col! weather. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #. H. Fli6stein. Ho3 To M ,e T* ) Fo* R ..$t-D R t- "d M$(e %/:5'

*ro+ an ol! )=in. 6ine fence 2oar! cut off four 6ieces $=1G$ ft. long an! one ) in. sJuare for the en! of the tra6 an! another I in. 2y 8 in. for the !oor. 1se ol! 2oar!s% as new 2oar!s scare ra22its. *igure 1 shows how the 2o5 is +a!e. It shoul! 2e I in. wi!e an! ) in. high

( 9oo! Tra6 for S+all (ni+als on the insi!e. The to6 an! 2otto+ 2oar!s 6ro8ect 1 in. 2eyon! the si!e 2oar!s at the 2ac an! the en! 2oar! is set in. The to6 2oar! shoul! 2e $ in. shorter than the si!es at the front. /ail a stri6 on the to6 2oar! 2ac of the !oor an! one on the 2otto+ 2oar! so the ga+e cannot 6ush the !oor o6en fro+ insi!e the tra6 an! get out. In the +i!!le of the to6 2oar! 2ore a hole an! 6ut a crotche! stic in for the le<er to rest on. Bore another hole in the to6 of the !oor for the le<er to 6ass through. Two inches fro+ the 2ac of the 2o5 2ore a hole for the trigger% which shoul! 2e +a!e out of hea<y wire in the +anner shown in *ig. $. The !oor of the tra6 +ust wor easily an! loosely. No1el Ele(t*$( Moto* %/:5' The +aterials necessary to +a e this +otor are an ol! electric 2ell of the N2uBBerN ty6e an! a cogwheel fro+ an ol! cloc . De+o<e the ha++er=hea! an! gong fro+ the 2ell% then 2en! the en! of the ha++er into a loo6% as in *ig. 1. /ow +a e a little wire catch li e *ig. $% an! fasten its loo6 into the loo6 of the ha++er. Mount the 2ell on a s+all 2oar! as in *ig. ' an! fasten the cogwheel al+ost on a line with it. /ow 6ress !own the ha++er an! 6lace a nail in the 6osition shown in the !iagra+ so that the catch touches one of the teeth. *asten the 2oar! in an u6right 6osition an! attach two !ry 2atteries to the 2in!ing= 6osts. If 6ro6erly connecte!% the fly=wheel will turn Juite ra6i!ly an! with a+aBing force for so s+all a +achine. The +achine% howe<er% has a fi5e! !irection as shown 2y the arrow% 2ut the 2elting can 2e arrange! so as to sen! the +o!els in a re<erse! !irec= tion if reJuire!. The +aterials for the +otor shoul! not cost +ore than

/o<el #lectric Motor $Lc for the 2ell an! if you ha<e an ol! 2ell it will cost ne5t to nothing. ==.ontri2ute! 2y *re! .. .urry% Broc <ille% ,ntario. Ho3 to P*$"t P8oto#* )8- o" S$l, %/:6' Sil % satin or any other fine +aterial can 2e use! to +a e 6hotogra6hic 6rints% 2ut the +ost attracti<e results for the a+ateur are o2taine! on sil % the 2est color for this 6ur6ose 2eing either crea+ or white% says 7hotogra6hy. The che+icals reJuire! are only four in nu+2er% an! a co+6arati<ely s+all a+ount of each will suffice% so that the 6rocess can 2e trie! without any <ery great outlay. ( !ra+ of !e5trine is +i5e! with $ oB. of water an! allowe! to !issol<e. It is then +a!e u6 to I oB. with 2oiling water% an!% when col!% a solution of 1 !r. of a++oniu+ chlori!e in $ oB. of water is a!!e!. (s this +i5ture !oes not ee6 well% it shoul! 2e use! as soon as 6ossi2le after 2eing +a!e u6. The sil is soa e! in the liJui! until it is thoroughly saturate!% which shoul! ta e a2out four or fi<e +inutes% an! it is then hung u6 to !ry% sus6en!ing it% tightly stretche!% fro+ its two to6 corners. The fa2ric when Nsalte!%N as this o6eration is ter+e!% will ee6 in!efinitely. (ll these o6erations can 2e !one in !aylight. The ne5t stage is the a66lication of the sensitiBer% for which 6ur6ose the two following solutions +ust 2e +a!e u6 an! then +i5e!4 Sil<er nitrate Eater .itric aci! Eater 1$0 gr. 1 oB. L0 gr. 1oB.

The +i5ture is s6rea! e<enly o<er the sil with a soft ca+elCs=hair 2rush. There +ust 2e no +etal in the +ounting of the 2rush that is use!. 7articular care +ust 2e ta en to see that no 6article of the surface of the sil is left unco<ere!. The 2est way to insure this is to 2rush the liJui! o<er the sil % first in one !irection an! then crosswise. The 6rocess of sensitiBing +ust 2e !one in a wea artificial light% such as at night 2y or!inary gas or la+6 light% or in the <ery fee2lest !aylight. The sil is then again fastene! u6 an! allowe! to !ry% 2ut it is now sensiti<e to the light an! the !rying +ust therefore 2e !one in the !ar . It is rea!y for 6rinting as soon as it is !ry% an! as it !oes not ee6 well in the sensiti<e con!ition% it shoul! 2e use! u6 within a few !ays at the +ost. The 6rinting% which is !one in !aylight% is carrie! on in the sa+e way as for 6rinting=out 6a6ers% e5ce6t that the sil shoul! 2e 6rinte! a little !ar er than usual. It will 2e foun! con<enient to gu+ the e!ges slightly% an! then to fi5 the sil on a stiff

6iece of 6a6er 2efore 6utting it into the 6rinting fra+e. If this 6recaution is not a!o6te! there is a ten!ency for the sil to sli6 or crease when it is 2eing e5a+ine!. The sil +ust 2e han!le! carefully while in the 6rinting fra+e for this reason% 2ut a6art fro+ that% there is no 6articular !ifficulty. The 6a6er can 2e ta en off when the 6rinting is finishe!. 7rints on sil are tone!% fi5e! an! washe! in the sa+e way as or!inary sil<er 6rints. The washing shoul! 2e thorough% an! 2efore the 6rints are Juite !ry% they shoul! 2e irone! to re+o<e all creases. Re!o1$"# Old P $"t %/:6' ( chair +ore than a hun!re! years ol! ca+e to +e 2y inheritance. It was originally 6ainte! green an! ha! 2een gi<en two coats of !ar 6aint or <arnish within the last '0 years. Desiring to i+6ro<e the a66earance of the relic% I !eci!e! to re+o<e the 6aint an! gi<e it a +ahogany stain. The usual 6aint re+o<ers woul! rea!ily ta e off the two latter coats 2ut ha! no effect u6on the first. I trie! to re+o<e the trou2leso+e green in <arious ways% 2ut with little success until I a66lie! a hot% saturate! solution of concentrate! lye. By coating the 6aint with this re6eate!ly% a66lying one coat u6on another for two !ays% an! then using a stiff 2rush% the layer was easily an! co+6letely re+o<e!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Thos. D. Ba er% .hicago% Ill. A W$"do3 Lo(, %/:7' Bore a hole through the sash of the lower win!ow an! halfway through the sash of the u66er win!ow% where they +eet in the center% an! insert a hea<y nail or s6i e. This will fasten the sash together so well that nothing short of a crow2ar can 6ry the+ a6art. The nail can 2e easily re+o<e! when the win!ows are to 2e o6ene!. Ho!e! de M #"$0<$"# Gl -- %/:7' ( <ery goo! +agnifying glass can 2e +a!e fro+ an or!inary incan!escent la+6 of a2out 1)=c6. siBe which has 2een ren!ere! useless 2y 2eing 2urne! out or ha<ing the fila+ent 2ro en. 9rin! or 2rea off the ti6 en! of the glo2e an! fill with water. 7ut in clear water an! 6lug or cor u6 the hole. T* $le* 0o* B$(<(le %/:7'

*ig. 1 =Trailer (ttache! to a Bicycle Instea! of using a seat on the han!le2ars or fra+e of a 2icycle for +y little girl% I +a!e a trailer% as shown in *ig. 1% to attach to the rear a5le. I +a!e it fro+ ol! 2icycle 6arts. The han!le2ars% which for+ the 2ac of the seat% fasten into the seat 6ost of an ol! 2icycle attache! to the trailer a5le. The trailer is attache! to the rear a5le of the 2icycle with two ar+s or for s% on the en!s of which are two forgings% for+erly use! on the rear en!s of a 2icycle fra+e% 2raBe! in% an! one of the tu2e 6ro8ections cut off fro+ each to

+a e a hoo % as shown in *ig. $. The 6iece +ar e! # shows one of these forgings or hoo s in section. The original a5le of the 2icycle was re+o<e! an! one 1=LG1) in. longer su66lie!% which was turne! 2elow the threa!s for clearance% as shown at (. ( washer% D% with a he5agon hole was fitte! o<er the regular nut .% on the a5le% an! file! ta6ering so the forging or hoo #% on the trailer attach+ent% coul! 2e e6t in 6osition. The washer * is hel! tightly against the hoo 2y 6ressure fro+ a s6ring% 9. The s6ring is hel! in 6lace 2y a s+all nut% H% an! cotter 6in% 1. This attach+ent +a es a fle5i2le 8oint for turning corners. Ehen turning fro+ right to left the left hoo on the trailer for stays in

*ig. $=The Hoo in 7osition 6osition% while the right hoo 6ushes the washer * outwar! an! relie<es the strain on the for . This attach+ent also +a es it easy to re+o<e the trailer fro+ the 2icycle. The washers * are 6ushe! outwar! an! the hoo raise! off the a5le. ==.ontri2ute! 2y John *. 9rie<es% 7ro<i!ence% D. I. Ho!e7M de Tele)8o"e T* "-!$tte* %/:8' The 6arts for trans+itting the soun! are encase! in a co<ering% H% +a!e fro+ the gong of an ol! electric 2ell. ( roun! 2utton% D% is turne! or file! fro+ the car2on electro!e of an ol!

!ry cell an! a hole !rille! through the center to fit in a 2in!ing=6ost ta en fro+ the sa+e 2attery cell. This 2utton +ust 2e carefully insulate! fro+ the shell% H% 2y running the 2in!ing=6ost through a 6iece of s+all ru22er tu2e where it 6asses through the hole an! 6lacing a ru22er or 6a6er washer% *% un!er the car2on 2utton% an! an insulating washer un!er the nut on the outsi!e. This will 6ro<i!e one of the ter+inals of the instru+ent. .onstruct a 6a6er tu2e ha<ing the sa+e !ia+eter as the 2utton an! with a length eJual to the !e6th of the 2ell case% less 1G8 in. 9lue or 6aste this tu2e to the 2utton so it will for+ a 6a6er cu6 with a car2on 2otto+. The !ia6hrag+% B% which is the essential 6art of the instru+ent% shoul! 2e +a!e as carefully as 6ossi2le fro+ ferroty6e tin% co++only calle! tinty6e tin. .ut a circular 6iece fro+ this +etal the e5act siBe of the outsi!e of the shell. ( hole is +a!e in the center of the !is a little larger than a 2in!ing=6ost that is ta en fro+ another ol! 2attery cell. Ehen +a ing the hole in the !is 2e careful not to 2en! or crease the tin. Scra6e the 2lac coating fro+ the tin aroun! the outsi!e a2out 1GI in. wi!e an! a 6lace a2out 1 in. in !ia+eter at the center. The secon! electro!e% .% is +a!e the sa+e as D% an! fastene! to the tin !ia6hrag+ with the 2in!ing 6ost without using any insulation. ( thir! 2in!ing 6ost% 9% is fastene! to the shell through a !rille! hole to +a e the other ter+inal. The +outh6iece% (% +ay

2e turne! fro+ woo! in any sha6e !esire!% 2ut ha<e a flange on the 2ac si!e that will +a e a tight fit with the outsi!e of the shell. *ill the 6a6er tu2e with 6ow!ere! car2on% #% which can 2e +a!e 2y 6oun!ing an! 2rea ing u6 6ieces of car2on to a2out the siBe of 6in hea!s. 7ow!ere! car2on can 2e 6urchase!% 2ut if you +a e it 2e sure to sift out all the <ery fine 6articles. (sse+2le the 6arts as shown an! the trans+itter is rea!y for use. If s6eech is not hear! !istinctly% 6ut in a little +ore% or re+o<e so+e of the car2on an! try it out until you get the instru+ent wor ing nicely. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Harol! H. .utter% S6ringfiel!% Mass. @4$(,l< M de L 3" Te"t %/:8' ( <ery si+6le way of erecting a lawn tent for the chil!ren is to ta e a large u+2rella such as use! on !eli<ery wagons an! !ri<e the han!le into the groun! !ee6 enough to hol! it soli!. *asten can<as or cotton cloth to the en!s of the ri2s an! let it hang so that the 2otto+ e!ge will touch the groun!. 0ight ro6es can 2e tie! to the en!s of the ri2s an! fastene! to sta es !ri<en in the groun! in a tent=li e +anner to +a e the whole +ore su2stantial an! to stan! against a hea<y win!. This +a es an e5= ce6tionally fine tent% as the u+2rella

0awn Tent .o+6lete is water6roofH also% there is +ore roo+ to stan! u6 in than in a tent that is in the sha6e of a wigwa+.=.ontri2ute! 2y J.(. Eha+er% Schenecta!y% /. -. Ho3 to M ,e W$"d!$ll o0 O"e o* T3o Ho*-e)o3e* 0o* P* (t$( l P4*)o-e- %/::'

( win!+ill for !e<elo6ing fro+ 1G$ to $ h6. +ay 2e constructe! at ho+e% the e56ense 2eing <ery s+all an! the results highly satisfactory. The hu2 for the re<ol<ing fan wheel is first constructe!. ,ne goo! way to get 2oth the hu2% lining% shaft an! s6o es for the 2la!es% is to go to a wheelwrightCs an! 6urchase the wheel an! a5le of so+e ol! rig. There are always a nu+2er of !iscar!e! carriages% wagons or 6arts thereof in the rear of the a<erage 2lac s+ithCs sho6. So+eti+es for half a !ollar% an! often for nothing% you can get a wheel% an a5le% an! connecte! 6arts. De+o<e fro+ the wheel% all 2ut the four s6o es nee!e! for the fans as in *ig. 1. The sa+e hu2% a5le an! 2earings will !o. In case you cannot secure a wheel an! shaft% the hu2 +ay 2e +a!e fro+ a 6iece of har!woo!% a2out I in. in !ia+eter an! ) in. long. ( $= in. hole shoul! 2e 2ore! through for a woo!en shaft% or a 1=1G$=in. hole for a +etal shaft. The hu2 +ay 2e secure! 2y 6utting two or three +etal 6ins through hu2 an! shaft. (!= 8ust the s6o es 2y 2oring holes for the+ an! arrange the+ so that they e5ten! fro+ the center (% li e B. The wheel is then rea!y for the 2la!es. These

2la!es shoul! 2e of sheet +etal or thin har!woo!. The siBes +ay <ary accor!ing to the ca6acity of the wheel an! a+ount of roo+ for the 2la!es on the s6o es. #ach one is tilte! so as to recei<e the force of the win! at an angle% which a!8ust+ent causes the wheel to re<ol<e when the win! 6ressure is

strong enough. Secure the 2la!es to the s6o es 2y using little +etal cleats% . an! D. Ben! these +etal stri6s to suit the for+ of the s6o es an! flatten against the 2la!es an! then insert the screws to fasten the cleats to the woo!. If sheet +etal 2la!es are use!% ri<ets shoul! 2e use! for fastening the+. The stan! for the wheel shaft is shown in *ig. $. (rrange the 2ase 6iece in 6latfor+ or!er% :J;. This is +ore fully shown in *ig. L. ,n to6 of this 2ase 6iece% which is a2out ') in. long% 6lace the seat or ring for the re<ol<ing ta2le. The circular seat is in!icate! at I% *ig. 1. This ring is li e an in<erte! cheese 2o5 co<er with the center cut out. It can 2e +a!e 2y a tinner. SiBe of ring outsi!e% 'L in. The shoul!ers are I in. high an! +a!e of tin also. *or+ the shoul!er 2y sol!ering the 6iece on. Thus we get a s+ooth surface with si!es for the +ill 2ase to turn in so as to recei<e the win! at each 6oint to a!<antage. The O=sha6e! 6iece H rests in the tin ri+. The O=for+% howe<er% !oes not show in this s etch% 2ut in *ig. L% where it is +ar e! S. This 6art is +a!e of two 6ieces of

$=in. 6lan % a2out ' in. wi!e% arrange! so that the two 6ieces cross to +a e a letter O. Ehen the 6ieces 8oin% +ortise the+ one into the other so as to secure a goo! 8oint. (!8ust the u6rights for sustaining the wheel shaft to the O=6ieces as shown at #% #% *ig. $. These are I 2y I in. 6ieces of woo!% har! 6ine 6referre!% 6lane! an! securely set u6 in the O=6ieces 2y +ortising into the sa+e. Ma e the 2earings for the

wheel shaft in the u6rights an! insert the shaft. The gearing for the trans+ission of the 6ower fro+ the wheel shaft to the shaft calculate! for the !eli<ery of the 6ower at an accessi2le 6oint 2elow +ust ne5t 2e a!8uste!. The win!+ill is inten!e! for installation on to6 of a 2uil!ing% an! the 6ower +ay 2e trans+itte! 2elow% or to the to6 of a stan! s6ecially erecte! for the 6ur6ose. It is a goo! 6lan to <isit so+e of the secon!=han! +achinery !ealers an! get four gears% a 6ulley an! a shaft. 9ears a2out L in. in !ia+eter an! 2e<ele! will 2e reJuire!. (!8ust the first 6air of the 2e<ele! gears as at * an! 9. If the wheel shaft is +etal% the gear +ay 2e set=screwe! to the shaft% or eye! to it. If the shaft is har!woo!% it will 2e necessary to arrange for a s6ecial connection. The shaft +ay 2e wra66e! with sheet +etal an! this +etal fastene! on with screws. Then the gear +ay 2e attache! 2y 6assing a 6in through the set=screw hole an! through the shaft. The u6right shaft li e the wheel shaft is 2est when of +etal. This shaft is shown e5ten!ing fro+ the gear% 9% to a 6oint 2elow. The o28ect is to ha<e the shaft reach to the 6oint where the 6ower is recei<e! for the ser<ice 2elow. The shaft is shown cut off at F. 7assing to *ig. ' the shaft is again ta en u6 at 0. It now 6asses through the arrange+ent shown% which !e<ice is rigge! u6 to hol! the shaft an! !eli<ery wheel 7 in 6lace. This shaft shoul! also 2e +etal. Secure the 2e<ele! gears M an! / as shown. These trans+it the 6ower fro+ the u6right shaft to the lower horiBontal shaft. 7ro<i!e the wheel or 6ulley% 7% with the necessary 2elt to carry the 6ower fro+ this shaft to the 6oint of use. The tail 2oar! of the win!+ill is illustrate! in *ig. I. ( goo! way to +a e this 2oar! is to use a section of thin lu+2er an! attach it to the rear u6right% # of *ig. $. This +ay 2e !one 2y 2oring a hole in the u6right an! inserting the shaft of the tail=6iece. In *ig. I is also shown the 6rocess of fastening a gear% D% to the shaft. The set screws enter the hu2 fro+ the two si!es an! the 6oints are 6resse! u6on

the shaft% thus hol!ing the gear fir+ly in 6lace. The 6latfor+ for the entire wheel !e<ice is shown in *ig. L. The O=6iece S is 2ore! through in the +i!!le an! the u6right shaft 6asses through. The tin run=way or ring is +ar e! T% an! the O=6iece <ery rea!ily re<ol<es in this ring% whene<er the win! alters an! causes the wheelCs 6osition to change. The ring an! ring 2ase are secure! to the 6latfor+% 1. The latter is +a!e of 2oar!s naile! to the ti+2ers of the staging for su66orting the +ill. This staging is shown in *ig. )% in a sectional <iew. The ring with its O=6iece is +ar e! V% the O=6iece is +ar e! E% an! the 2ase for the 6art% an! the to6 of the stage is +ar e! O. The stage is +a!e of $ 2y I=in. stoc . The height +ay <ary% accor!ing to the reJuire+ents. If the affair is set u6 on a 2arn or she!% the staging will 2e sufficient to su66ort the !e<ice. But if the stage is constructe! !irect fro+ the groun!% it will 2e necessary to use so+e long ti+2ers to get the wheel u6 high enough to recei<e the 2enefit of the force of the win!. 7rocee!ing on the 6lan of the !erric stan!% as shown in *ig. )% a stage of consi!era2le height can 2e o2taine!. To Re"e3 Old D*< B tte*$e- %20&' De+o<e the 6a6er that co<ers the cell an! noc se<eral goo!=siBe! holes in the Binc shell. 7lace the 2attery in a glass 8ar% fill it two=thir!s full of strong sal a++oniac :or salt; solution an! connect the ter+inals to whate<er a66aratus the current is to 2e use! for. ( few !ro6s of sul6huric aci! Juic ens an! i+6ro<es the action. The out6ut of the cell will 2e nearly as great as when the 2attery was first 2ought. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. E. (r2itt% (ustin% Te5as. Bl4e D<e%20&' 7russian 2lue an! .hinese 2lue are 2oth the sa+e che+ically 2ut they !o not cut or loo the sa+e. A(et<le"e l !) %20&' Ehen an acetylene la+6 is in goo! or!er it will light u6 slowly with a hissing noise followe! 2y a 6ure white fla+e. Shoul! the la+6 light u6 Juic ly with a yellowish fla+e% it is a sign of a lea so+ewhere. A"ot8e* Ele(t*$( Moto* %20&' This for+ of electric +otor is use! largely in #nglan! in the for+ of an in!icator. It is <ery easily +a!e an!

#lectric Motor if you ha<e an ol! electro=+agnet will cost 6ractically nothing. ( large soft=iron wheel is +ounte! on an a5le with a 6ulley=wheel on one en! an! a circuit 2rea er on the other en!. The teeth on the circuit=2rea er +ust 2e the sa+e nu+2er as on the soft=iron wheel. The electro=+agnet is +ounte! so that its core is le<el with the a5le an! in a line with the wheel. ,ne wire fro+ it is attache! to one 2in!ing screw an! the other en! is groun!e! to the iron fra+e that su66orts it. This fra+e is connecte! to the fra+e su6= 6orting the wheel. ( s+all 2rush 6resses on the circuit=2rea er an! is connecte! to the other 2in!ing screw. In the !iagra+ ( re6resents the iron wheelH B% the 2rushH .% the circuit 2rea erH D% the +agnet. The wire connecting the two fra+es is shown 2y a !otte! line. To start the +otor% attach your 2attery to the screws an! turn the wheel a little. The +agnet attracts one ofC the teeth on the wheel% 2ut as soon as it is 6arallel with the core of the +agnet the circuit is 2ro en an! the +o+entu+ of the wheel 2rings another tooth to 2e attracte!. To re<erse the +otor re<erse the connections an! start the wheel the other way. Be sure that the fra+es are screwe! !own well or the +otor will run 8er ily an! !estroy the connections. ==.ontri2ute! 2y *. .rawfor! .urry% Broc <ille% ,ntario. Ho3 to M ,e P*o)ell$"# Ve8$(le %20+'

(ny 2oy% with a little nac an! a few o!! tools% can rig u6 <arious contri<ances which will 2e a source of 6leasure to hi+self an! oftenti+es can 2e sol!% to less ingenious 2oys% for a snug little su+. (ny tool a 2oy can o2tain is a6t to 2e of use to hi+% chisel% 2it% 8ac = nife or ha++er. *igure 1 shows what two 2oys !i! with ol! cycle wheels. They went to so+e 8un sho6s where the concerns ha! 6urchase! cast=away 2icycles an! notice! that there were nu+erous wheels in <ery goo! or!er that coul! 2e selecte! fro+ a+ong the sets of wheels with 2ro en or 2ent ri+s% s6o es% 2urst tires% etc. In fact% the la!s ha! no trou2le in getting se<eral sets of 2icycle wheels in goo! con!ition for <ery little +oney. These wheels were ta en to the 2ac =yar! sho6 of the 2oys where the young fellows ha! rigge! u6 a she!=li e affair an! 6ut in a 2ench. The 6re<ious .hrist+as one of the 2oys recei<e! a 2o5 of tools as a gift% in which was inclu!e! a little han! <ise an! the reJuire! tools for general 2oyCs han!iwor . *our of the cycle wheels they use! in +a ing the han!=6ro6elle! <ehicle shown at *ig. 1.

( woo!en 2o!y% (% +a!e of s+ooth 2oar!s rests u6on shafts. *i5e! on this 2o!y is an u6right carrying the s6roc et B. The u6right is a 6iece of woo! a2out 10 in. high an! I in. wi!e% fitte! with one of the 2earings fro+ the cycle. The regular cycle chain s6roc et is use! at B as well as u6on the shaft. The regular chain of the cycle is li ewise e+6loye!% so% when 2uying the wheels% it is well to select one or +ore chains with cor= res6on!ing s6roc ets fro+ the 8un hea6. The !etail of the a!8ust+ent of the 6arts is shown in ne5t <iews. The letter D signifies the seat which is a 2o5. The steering gear is a 2ent iron ro!% also foun! in the waste 6ile of the 8un sho6% an! is 2ent to right for+ 2y heating an! 2en!ing o<er on a roc or any soli! +atter. The steering ro! is +ar e! #. It fits into a soc et in the shaft of the forwar! wheels. *igure $ shows the construction of the cart 2elow. The cog is eye! or set=screwe! to the !ri<ing shaft of the wheels with either ey or set=screw use! in original fastening% as the case

Dri<ing Shaft an! Dis for Steering 9ear +ay 2e. The chain is +ar e! *% an! there is a slot cut in the floor of the cart to let the chain 6ass u6 an! through to the cog on the 6ro6elling shaft cran . The !is which recei<es the steering ro! is at 9. The forwar! shaft 2ears only at the center u6on a !is of +etal% consisting of any circular 6iece foun! a+ong the 6ieces of iron or 2rass at the 8un store. ,ne can get nearly all the +echanical 6arts in 8un esta2lish+ents that 6urchase 6arts of out=of=!ate or cast=away 2icycles. The !etail of the !ri<ing shaft is shown at *ig. '. The s6roc et wheel is at H an! this is 8ust as it is ta en fro+ the original 2icycle shaft. The 2earings consist of wires loo6e! aroun! the shaft an! inserte! into holes 2ore! in +etal 6lates as shown. These 6lates are screwe! to the 2otto+ of the cart. The shaft itself is foun! in ro!s or e<en cast=away +etal a5les which are co++only foun! in +ost any carriage wor s% cycle sho6s or 8un !ealerCs. *igure I shows the !is that recei<es the steering gear. The !is is 2ore! aroun! e!ges for the securing screws% while the center is o6en for the steering ro!. Ehen 6ut together% three 2oys usually ri!e. ,ne steers an! the other two turn the cran . *reight can 2e carrie! an! so+e 2oys !o Juite an e56ress 2usiness in their town with one of the carts li e this that they +a!e. R$"#$"# Bell .< To4(8$"# G - ?et %20/'

The e56eri+ent of scuffling the feet o<er a car6et an! then 6ro!ucing a s6ar which

will light the gas 2y touching the chan!elier is !escri2e! on another 6age. ,ne of our corres6on!ents says that if a wire is connecte! to the chan!elier an! le! to one ter+inal of the coherer of a wireless telegra6h outfit the 2ell will ring e<ery ti+e the

Touch the 9as Jet an! Ding the Bell s6ar is 6ro!uce! 2y touching the chan!elier% an! that% as the chan!eliers are all connecte! 2y the gas=6i6e% the 2ell will ring% no +atter in which roo+ the s6ar is 6ro!uce!. Le d >$ll- >"ot- %20/' The co<ering Juality will 2e greatly i+6ro<e! if so+e !ry re! lea! is a!!e! to the shellac <arnish use! for illing nots. Ho3 to M ,e Wood T4*"$"# L t8e O4t o0 " Old Se3$"# M (8$"e %20/'

Eith a hac =saw% cut off the ar+ containing the nee!le on line (B% *ig. 1% lea<ing the shaft only. ,n the en! of the shaft will 2e foun! a roun! 6late%

in which !rill four 'G1)=in. holes. /ow secure% or ha<e turne!% a 6iece of iron or steel 1= 1G$ in. in !ia+eter% *ig. $. Drill an! countersin four 'G1)=in. holes in it to fit the holes on the shaft 6late. *ile a s6ur center LG1) in. long% an! two si!e 6oints 'G1) in. long. Bolt this 6late to the shaft 6late with four flat=hea!e! sto<e 2olts% 'G1) in. in !ia+eter 2y LG8 or 'GI in. long% *ig. '. *or the 2e!% use a 2oar! '$ in.% long an! as wi!e as the 2ase of the +achine ar+. This gi<es a li+it of $ ft. 2etween s6ur an! !ea! centers. 0et this 2oar! 2e +a!e le<el with the rest of +achine ta2le 2y +a ing a 6air of legs if nee!e!. /e5t +a e a T=rail% *ig. I% of two 2oar!s% one L 2y 'GI 2y '$ in.% the other '=1G$ 2y 'GI 2y '$ in. ThreeJuarter inch of the wi!er 2oar! 6ro8ects o<er each of the s+aller 2oar!s. /ail fir+ly an! clinch nails% or screw together. Screw this rail on the +achine 2oar! so that its center coinci!es e5actly with the +achine centers. Bore a nu+2er of 'G8=in. holes with centers $='GI in. a6art along the center line of this rail% 2eginning ) in. fro+ the en! nearest the +achine.

Ma e another T=rail for sli!e tool rest% of two 6ieces '$ 2y ' 2y 'GI in.% an! '$ 2y 1=1G$ 2y 'GI in. *asten this in front of the larger T=rail an! 6arallel to it% the center lines 2eing )=1G$ in. a6art. To +a e the tail=6iece% that is% the 6art to hol! woo! to 2e turne!% get a 2oar! )=1G$ 2y 7 2y 'GI in.% an! on the e!ges% *ig. L% (% screw two 6ieces 7 2y 'GI 2y 1=1G$ in. so that the ca6 thus +a!e will fit snugly o<er the large T=rail. *asten to these last two 6ieces%

with screws% two +ore 6ieces 7 2y 'GI 2y 'GI in.% *ig. L% B. This tail=6iece shoul! +o<e s+oothly 2ac an! forth with no si!e +otion. /ow get a 2loc of har!woo! I 2y $=1GI in.% an! 1='GI in. higher than the s6ur center when +ounte! on the +i!!le of the tail= 6iece 8ust !escri2e!. (t e5actly the height of the s6ur center 2ore through this 2loc a 'GI=in. hole% *ig. L. Ha<e

a 2lac s+ith +a e a cran 8 in. long% threa!e! for L in. as shown. (t the !ea! center en! ta6er the cran an! +a e a cu6 center% out of which allow a 'G1)=in. 6oint to 6ro8ect. The cu6 6re<ents the 6oint fro+ 2oring into

woo! too ra6i!ly. ,ne inch fro+ the outer en! of the cran 2loc % *ig. L% 2ore a 'G1)=in. hole% an! force a 1GI=in. 2olt to cut its threa! in the woo!. This is a set screw to hol! the cran in any 6osition !esire!. 7lace a stra6 nut% threa!e! to fit the cran % on the hea!en! of the cran 2loc % an! a 6lain nut to act as a 2earing% on the cran en!. ,ne an! one= half inches fro+ the 2ac of the tail=6iece 2ore a 'G8=in. hole. Ma e a 6eg 'G8 2y $ in. To 6ut in a 6iece of woo! to turn% +o<e the tail6iece 2ac until the hea! en! is o<er the center of the hole nearest the en! of the 2loc % then the 6eg will sli6 into secon! hole fro+ the hea! en! of the tail=6iece% an! into a corres6on!ing T=rail hole% 6inning the two

together. Insert woo! an! screw u6 !ea! center to hol! it. *or a tool rest +a e a secon! 6iece li e the 2ase of the tail=6iece% 11 in. long an! fitting the s+all T=rail. .ut out two 2loc s 1=1G$ 2y $=1GI 2y 'GI in. an! screw the+% one on each en! of the 2ase of the tool rest% co<ering the half farthest fro+ the centers% an! ha<ing an 8=in. s6ace 2etween 2loc s. ,n the to6s of these 2loc s screw a stri6 11 2y $= 1GI 2y 'GI in. /ow for the rest 6ro6er% cut out a 2oar! 8 2y 11G1) 2y & in. to sli!e in the slot of the rest. Ta e a 6iece of oa 11 2y $ in.% an! high enough so that the to6 will 2e le<el with the centers of the lathe% an! 2e<el as shown in *ig. ). Screw on one en! of the 8 2y &=in. 6iece e5actly in the +i!!le. This 6iece will sli!e in an! out% closer or farther fro+ the centers as !esire!% an! also along the T=rail. ( center for turning rosettes. saucers% etc.% +ay 2e +a!e as follows4 De+o<e the s6ur center an! 2olt in its 6lace a 1=in. circular 2oar! of the sa+e

!ia+eter% using longer 'G1)=in. sto<e 2olts with hea!s countersun . Dotate the lathe% an! with a gi+let 2ore a hole at the e5act center an! through the 2oar!. /ow ta e off the 2oar! an! countersin on the 2ac a 6lace for the hea! of a coarse threa!e! screw. Turn in a 1='GI =in. screw% re6lace the 2oar! an! any 2loc hel! on the en! of the rotating screw will turn on an! 2e hel! while 2eing turne!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0. 0. Einans% Me5ico% Mo. Re1e*-$"# S! ll B tte*< Moto* %205' Ma e the switch out of a 6iece of slate :for the 2ase; two stri6s of 2rass% a ru22er stri6 an! han!le an! so+e 2in!ing=6osts fro+ ol! !ry 2atteries. *asten the 2rass stri6s at L an! )% *ig. 1% so they can swing fro+ 1 an! ' to $ ^.0 an! I. Hol! the 2rass stri6s a6art 2y +eans of the har! ru22er stri6 an! screws. Do not let the screws co+e all the way through the ru22er stri6 or you are lia2le to get a shoc in case you shoul! touch 2oth screws si+ultaneously. Screw a ru22er han!le onto the ru22er stri6 to +o<e the le<er 2ac an! forth with. *ig. $ shows the arrange+ent of stri6s% han!le% screws% etc.% in !etail. *ig. ' is an en! <iew of the sa+e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #ugene *. Tuttle% Jr.% /ewar % ,hio. Cle "$"# B*o"Ae Be *$"#- %205' BronBe 2earings +ay 2e cleane! with a solution of washing 6ow!er an! water run through the oil cu6s while the +achine is running without any loa!. The solution% cutting out the !irt an! gri+e% will co+e fro+ the 2earing <ery 2lac . (2out 1 6t. of this +i5ture shoul! 2e run through each 2earing% then clean thoroughly with clear water. A W te* C "dle-t$(, %206'

( glass of water +a es a fine e+ergency can!lestic . Eeight one en! of the can!le with a nail 8ust large enough to hol! the can!le in the water so that the water co+es near its to6 e!ge% 2ut !oes not touch the wic % an! then light the can!le. It will 2urn until the last <estige of wic is gone an! the fla+e will not flic er. The +elte! tallow that runs !own 2ut ser<es to hol! the can!le +ore stationary. Ho3 to F$le So0t Met l- %206' Ehen filing soft +etals% such as sol!er or 2a22itt +etal% the file% after a few stro es% will 2eco+e fille! with +etal% causing scratches on the surface 2eing file!. The surface +ay 2e file! s+ooth% 6ro<i!e! the file has 2een well oile!. The oil 6re<ents the cutters fro+ clogging an! also allows the +etal to yiel! easily. ,il the file e<ery few +inutes an! use a car! freJuently in cleaning an! the wor will 2e s+ooth. =.ontri2ute! 2y Jno. #. 9anaway% 7a!ucah. Fy. To M ,e M # A$"e B$"de* %206'

9et 1G$ y!. of cloth% one shoestring% a 6aste2oar! 2o5 for co<ers% an! so+e hea<y 6a6er. .ut the 6aste2oar! into two co<ers% 1GI in. larger all aroun! than the +agaBine% e5ce6t at the 2ac with which they shoul! 2e e<en. /e5t cut a stri6 1 in. wi!e off the 2ac of each co<er. 7lace the co<ers on the cloth% *ig. 1% with the 2ac e!ges 1GI in. farther a6art than the thic ness of the <olu+e to 2e 2oun!. .ut the cloth aroun! the co<ers% lea<ing 1=1G$ in. +argin. 7aste the cloth on the co<ers as they lay% an! turn o<er the 1=1G$ in. +argin% 6asting !own s+oothly. .ut a 6iece of stiff 6a6er to fit an! 6aste on the 2ac . Ta e a 6iece of cloth as wi!e as the co<er% an! long enough to e5ten! o<er the 2ac an! 1=1G$ in.

7lan of MagaBine Bin!er Beyon! each Nstri6.N 7aste on to hol! all together. Two 6ieces of 6a6er the e5act siBe of the +agaBine% 6aste! on the insi!e of each co<er 6rotects the e!ges of the cloth% an! a!!s to the a66earance. 0et !ry slowly.

MagaBine Bin!er .o+6lete Eith 2ac s an! e!ges of +agaBines e<en% 6lace in a <ise an! set u6 tight allowing 'GI in. fro+ 2ac to show a2o<e the <ise. Bore three 'G1)=in. holes 1G$ in. fro+ the 2ac % one in the +i!!le% the other two 1=1G$ in. fro+ each en!. Ma e corres6on!ing holes in the stri6s of

the 2in!er an! use the shoestring to co+6lete as in *ig. $. Te!)o* *< S)l$"e %206' ( 6iece of wire sol!er +a es a goo! te+6orary s6line for the !rafts+an. A L$.* *< Set $" P<*o7C *1$"# %207' By HELEN WESTINGHOUSE The +ultitu!e of in!ifferently e5ecute! s+all articles which followe! the intro!uction of 6yrogra6hy is 2eginning to !isa66ear. 7eo6le are consi!ering the art +ore seriously an!

Ta2le an! Seat Decorate! in 7yro=.ar<ing a66lying it to +ore !ignifie! uses. 7yro=car<ing is one of the new +etho!s of !ecorating furniture which is 2oth 2eautiful an! 6ractical% two Jualities which !o not always go together. The li2rary set illustrate! consists of a ta2le% '0 to L0 in.% with two 2enches% 1I in. wi!e% of the sa+e length. The su66orts are +a!e of selecte! white 6ine% which +ust 2e a2solutely free fro+ 6itch. The 6ine is soft enough to wor easily with the 6oint an! stan!s wear +uch 2etter than 2asswoo!. The to6s an! 2races are +a!e of curly fir. (ll of the +aterial +ust 2e $=in. lu+2er% which !resses to a2out 1=1G$ in. (ll surfaces% e5ce6t the faces of the su66orts% are gi<en a well ru22e! coat of oil with a little 2urnt u+2er% the stain to 2e a66lie! !irectly to the woo! without a filler. ,n the outsi!e of the su66orts the !esign is !rawn in with 6encil% the 2ac groun! is then cut out s+oothly with a chisel to the !e6th of an eighth of an inch% lea<ing the !ecoration in relief. It is then 2urne! !ee6ly% the 2ac groun! in straight flat stro es% the outlines ha<ing the effect of a slo6ing% !ar e!ge. The sha!ows are 2urne! in as !ee6ly as 6ossi2le an! the sha!ing is 6ut in with the flat of the 6oint. ( wa5 or eggshell oil=<arnish finish is +ost suita2le for this set% 2ut any other finish +ay 2e a66lie!% as the 2uil!er +ay !esire% to +a e it har+oniBe with other furnishings. Cle "$"# B* -- %207' S+all 2rass castings can 2e cleane! 2y heating the+ slightly an! then !i66ing the+ in a solution of sal a++oniac. The 6ieces will co+e out as 2right an! clean as if new. This cleaning 6rocess is the sa+e as that use! in cleaning a sol!ering iron. A P8o"e$do-(o)e %207' The 6honei!osco6e has +any an! <arie! for+s% 2ut the si+6lest can 2e +a!e 2y 2en!ing the forefinger an! thu+2 so as to for+ a circle an! then !rawing a soa6 fil+ across the o6ening. This is !one in a +anner si+ilar to the 2lowing of soa6 2u22les. The

angle with the !irection of the light +ay 2e rea!ily a!8uste! 2y turning the wrist% a +otion of the el2ow alters the !istance fro+ the +outh an! the tension of the fil+ can 2e regulate! 2y +o<ing the thu+2 an! forefinger. Singing or s6ea ing at the fil+ when un!er 6ro6er tension will cause 2eautiful figures to a66ear% which +ay 2e reflecte! fro+ the fil+ !irectly on the screen. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Do2t. #. Bra!ley% Einchester% Mass. A Ho!e7M de Y ",ee Bo.-led %208' ( goo! coasting sle!% which I call a -an ee 2o2% can 2e +a!e fro+ two har!woo! 2arrel sta<es% two 6ieces of

Dunners Ma!e of Barrel Sta<es $ 2y )=in. 6ine% a 6iece of har!woo! for the ru!!er an! a few 6ieces of 2oar!s. The $ 2y )=in. 6ieces shoul! 2e a little longer than one=thir! the length of the sta<es% an! each 6iece cut ta6ering fro+ the wi!est 6art% ) in.% !own to $ in.% an! then fastene! to the sta<es with large woo! screws as shown in *ig. 1. Boar!s 1 in. thic are naile! on to6 of the 6ieces for a seat an! to hol! the runners together. The 2oar!s shoul! 2e of such a length as to +a e the runners a2out 18 in. a6art. ( $=in. shaft of woo!% *ig. $% is turne! !own to 1 in. on the en!s an! 6ut through holes that +ust 2e 2ore! in the front en!s of the $ 2y )=in. 6ieces. ( s+all 6in is 6ut through each en! of the shaft to ee6 it in 6lace. The ru!!er is a 1=1G$=in. har!woo! 6iece which shoul! 2e ta6ere! to 1G$ in. at the 2otto+ an! sho! with a thin 6iece of iron. ( 1G$=in. hole is 2ore! through the center of the shaft an! a lag screw 6ut through an! turne! in the ru!!er 6iece% +a ing it so the ru!!er will turn right an! left an!% also% u6 an! !own. Two cleats are naile! to the u66er si!es of the runners an! in the +i!!le lengthways for the 6ersonCs heels to rest against. (ny chil! can gui!e this 2o2% as all he has to !o is to gui!e the ru!!er right an! left to go in the !irection na+e!. If he wants to sto6% he 6ulls u6 on the han!le an! the heel of the ru!!er will !ig into the snow% causing too +uch friction for the sle! to go any further. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E+. (lgie% Jr.% 0ittle *alls% /. -. Ho3 to M ,e S! ll M$(*o-(o)e %208'

Theoretically a si+6le +icrosco6e can 2e +a!e as 6owerful as a co+6oun! +icrosco6e% 2ut in 6ractice the +inute siBe reJuire! 2y the si+6le lens to gi<e the highest 6ower +a es it al+ost i+6ossi2le to 2e use!. Howe<er% a lens ha<ing a reasona2le +agnifying 6ower can 2e +a!e in a few +inutes for al+ost nothing. Ta e a 6iece of glass tu2ing% heat one 6lace in a hot fla+e% hol! one en! an! 6ull on the other an! !raw the heate! 6lace !own to a fine string as shown in *ig. 1. Ta e a2out ' in. of this fine tu2e an! heat one en! which will for+ a glass 2ea! as shown in *ig. $. This 2ea! is the lens. Ehen in this for+ it can 2e use! only in an artificial light co+ing fro+

one !irection% 2ut if you ta e a 6iece of car!2oar! an! 2ore a hole in it a little s+aller than the 2ea! on the glass tu2e which is force! into the hole% *ig '% you can use this +ounte! lens in or!inary !aylight. In this case a +irror +ust 2e use! to reflect the light u6 through the lens. It is !ifficult to see anything at first% as the lens +ust 2e hel! <ery close to the eye% 2ut in 6ractice you will soon learn to see the o28ect as it a66ears enlarge!.

0ens *or+e! 2y Heat If you soa a little !rie! grass or hay in water for a few !ays an! loo at a !ro6 of this water% ger+s in <arious life for+s can 2e seen. The water +ust 2e 6ut on the lens. ,ne thing to re+e+2er is that the s+aller the lens% the greater the +agnifying 6ower. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Daniel 9ray% Decatur% Illinois. F*eeA$"# P$)e- %20:' The water in hot water su66ly 6i6es will freeBe Juic er than water that has not 2een heate!. This is 2ecause the air% which is a 6oor con!uctor of heat% has 2een !ri<en out 2y the heat. Ho3 to C **< Boo,- %20:' (l+ost all school chil!ren carry their 2oo s with a stra6 6ut aroun! an! 2 u c le! <ery tight. This will +a e !ents in the co<er where the 2oar! o<erla6s the 2o!y of the 2oo . If the stra6 is left loose% the 2oo s are lia2le to sli6 out. 7lace the co<er of one 2oo 2etween the co<er an! fly leaf of its neigh2or an! the !ifficulty will 2e re+e!ie!. This will 6lace the 2oo s in alternate !irections. Boo s stac e! in this +anner !o not reJuire the stra6 2uc le! tight% or% they can 2e carrie! without any stra6 8ust as well. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Thos. De 0oaf% 9ran! Da6i!s% Mich.

Bottle P4-8e*- %20:'

B,TT0# 71SH#DS. ==This is a ga+e in which the co+6etitors 6ush 2ottles on the ice with hoc ey stic s. (ll the 2ottles +ust 2e the sa+e siBe an! +a e. The 6ersons 6artici6ating +ust ee6 their 2ottles u6right at all ti+es. The 2ottles are line! u6 for the start an! at the wor! Ngo%N each 6erson 6ushes a 2ottle across the fiel! for a !istance that is agree! u6on. Ho3 to M ,e H !!o(, %2&0'

(nyone can +a e a ha++oc as goo! as can 2e 2ought an! that at a cost so s+all that e<ery +e+2er of the fa+ily can 6ossess one 6ro<i!ing there are 6laces enough for hanging the+. The +aterials reJuire! are a nee!le a2out 7 in. long% an! with a 2ig eye% an iron ring for each en! of the ha++oc % two long s+ooth stic s on which to nit the ha++oc an! two 6oun!s of strong he+6 cor! or twine. The twine +ay 2e colore! in any color or co+2ination of colors !esire!. ( Do+an stri6e at each en! of the ha++oc +a es a 6retty effect. ( ha++oc IL in. wi!e will not 2e too large for soli! co+fort. To nit it first threa! the 2ig nee!le an! hol!ing it in the left han!% hol! the cor! in 6lace with the thu+2 until you ha<e loo6e! the cor! o<er the tongue% then 6ass the cor! un!er the nee!le to the o66osite si!e an! catch it o<er the tongue. De6eat this o6eration until the nee!le is full. .ut a $=y!. length of cor! an! +a e a loo6 an! fasten to the !oor no2 or to so+e other con<enient 6lace. Tie the cor! on the nee!le to this loo6 ' in. fro+ the en! of the loo6. 7lace the s+all +esh stic un!er the cor! with the 2e<ele! e!ge close to the loo6% an!% with a thu+2 on the cor! to hol! it in 6lace% 6ass the nee!le aroun! the stic an! then% 6oint !ownwar!% 6ass it through the loo6 fro+ the to6% an! then 2ring it o<er the stic so for+ing the first half of the not. 7ull this tight an! hol! in 6lace with a thu+2 while throwing the cor! o<er your han!% which for+s the loo6. 7ass the nee!le fro+ un!er through the loo6s an! !raw fast to fasten the not. Hol! this in 6lace an! re6eat the o6eration. Ma e '0 of these nots an! then 6ush the+ off the stic an! 6rocee! in the sa+e way with the ne5t row% 6assing the nee!le first through each of the '0 nots +a!e for the first row. Ma e '0 rows an! then tie the last loo6s to the other iron ring. Stretchers +ay

2e +a!e an! 6ut in 6lace an! the ha++oc % strong an! !ura2le% is finishe!. The wor +ust 2e carefully an! e<enly !one. ,ne is a6t to ha<e a little trou2le getting the first row right% 2ut after that the wor 6rocee!s Juite ra6i!ly. Ho3 to O.t $" C8e ) D*< B tte*$e- %2&0' /ot <ery +any 6eo6le realiBe that goo!% ser<icea2le !ry cells can 2e o2taine! fro+ an auto+o2ile garage <ery chea6. These cells ha<ing 2een Nrun outN 2eyon! the reJuire! nu+2er of a+6eres for auto+o2ile use% will gi<e e5cellent ser<ice% consi!ering their cost. Many of the+ will gi<e two=thir!s of their original a+6erage. Si5 of such cells ha<e 2een in use on +y !oor=2ell circuit for nearly a year. They can 2e use! for other 6ur6oses 8ust as well. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H. H. .utter. Ho3 to M ,e W te* Tele-(o)e %2&0'

The Eater Telesco6e Before you !eci!e on a 6lace to cast your hoo it is 2est to loo into the water to see whether any fish are there. -es% certainly% you can loo into the water an! see the fish that are there swi++ing a2out% if you ha<e the 6ro6er eJui6+ent. Ehat you nee! is a water telesco6e. This is a !e<ice +a!e of woo! or +etal with one en! of glass. Ehen the glass en! is su2+erge!% 2y loo ing in at the o6en en!% o28ects in the water are +a!e 6lainly <isi2le to a consi!era2le !e6th. In /orway% the fisher+en use the water telesco6e regularly in searching for herring shoals or co!. (ll that is necessary to +a e a woo!en water telesco6e is a long woo!en 2o5% a 6iece of glass for one

Eoo!en Eater Telesco6e en! an! so+e 6aint an! 6utty for +a ing the sea+s watertight. *i5 the glass in one en! of the 2o5% an! lea<e the other o6en to loo through. ( tin water telesco6e is +ore con<enient than the woo!en one% 2ut +ore !ifficult to +a e% The 6rinci6al essential for this is a circular 6iece of glass for the large en!. ( funnel sha6e! tin horn will !o for the rest. Sol!er in the glass at the large en! an! the telesco6e is +a!e. Sin ers consisting of stri6s of lea! shoul! 2e sol!ere! on near the 2otto+ to counteract the 2uoyancy of the air containe! in the watertight funnel an! also hel6s to su2+erge the 2ig en!. The insi!e of the funnel shoul! 2e 6ainte! 2lac to 6re<ent the light fro+ 2eing reflecte! on the 2right surface of the tin. If !ifficulty is foun! in o2taining a circular 6iece of glass% the 2otto+ +ay 2e +a!e sJuare an! sJuare glass use!. 1se 6lain% clear glassH not +agnifying glass. To 6icnic 6arties the water telesco6e is of great a+use+ent% re<ealing nu+erous o!! sights in the water which +any ha<e ne<er seen 2efore. Ho3 to R$d Yo4* Y *d o0 C t- %2&&'

The following is a !escri6tion of a !e<ice I 2uilt at +y ho+e in Broo lyn% which not only ga<e us relief fro+ the

#lectric (66aratus for Dri<ing (way .ats nightly feline concerts% 2ut also furnishe! +uch a+use+ent to +y frien!s. I first ran two 2are co66er wires along the to6 of the fence a2out 1 in. a6art% fastening the+ !own with s+all sta6les% care 2eing ta en that they !i! not touch. To the en!s of these wires I fastene! or!inary insulate! 2ell wire% running the+ to the house an! con= necting the+ to the u66er 2in!ing 6osts of an in!uction coilH I then ran a wire fro+ the lower 2in!ing=6ost of +y coil through the 2atteries 2ac to the other lower 2in!ing=6ost of coil% 2rea ing the circuit 2y 6utting in an or!inary switch. The +ore 2atteries use!% the stronger the current. The switch shoul! always 2e left o6en% as it uses u6 the current <ery ra6i!ly. Ehen Nta22yN is well on the wires I close the switch an! she goes the length of the fence in 2oun!s% often co+ing 2ac to see what the trou2le is% thus recei<ing another shoc . ==.ontri2ute! 2y .harles 0. 7ultB. S4.-t$t4te 0o* D*$ll B$t %2&&'

( gouge +ay 2e use! as a su2stitute 2it if a 6ro6er siBe! 2it is not at han!. The gouge can 2e 6lace! in the 2race the sa+e as a 2it. D*<$"# F$l!- %2&+' The !rying of 6hotogra6hic fil+ in full lengths without scratching or curling is Juite !ifficult. Various !e<ices are use! to ee6 the fil+ straight% an!

7ins Fee6 the *il+ Straight 6ush 6ins or thu+2 tac s are su66lie! with al+ost all of the+. The illustration shows a si+6le an! ine56ensi<e !e<ice constructe! of co++on woo! clothes6ins without any +etal 6ins to co+e in contact with the fil+ an! cause rust strea s. ( 6air of 6ins are fastene! at each en! of the fil+ 2y 6ushing one 6in o<er the other which in turn is cla+6e! on the fil+. ( string tie! to the hea!s of one 6air of 6ins 6ro<i!es a way to hang the whole on a nail. The lower 6air of 6ins +a es a weight to ee6 the fil+ straight. ==.ontri2ute! 2y J. Mac 9regor% Montreal% .ana!a. G*oo1ed P4lle< M de 0*o! S8eet T$" %2&+' ( groo<e! 6ulley which will run true an! carry a roun! 2elt +ay 2e +a!e without the use of other tools than a co+6ass an! 6air of shears% with a !rill or 6unch for +a ing two ri<et holes. 0ayoff a circle on the tin% of the !ia+eter !esire! for the 2otto+ of the groo<e. Then layoff a concentric circle of 1GI in. greater ra!ius. .ut out along the lines of the large circle. ,n the line of the s+all circle +ar with a 6ric 6unch or nail a series of slight !ents% a2out 1GI in. a6art% all the way aroun!. /ow +a e cuts fro+ the line of the large circle to these !ents% sto66ing when the shears gi<e the little Nclic N on entering the !ent. Ben! the little tongues thus for+e! alternately to the right an! left% then 2y sha6ing the+ with so+e care you will ha<e a goo! running surface for the 2elt. It will not +a e any !ifference if there are +ore tongues on one si!e than the other% or if they are not eJually s6ace!% within reason. *or the hu2% sol!er or ri<et a Nhan!leN across the center hole an! !rill a hole through it of the sa+e siBe as the center hole. Eith the hel6 of sol!er a groo<e! 6ulley which will answer al+ost e<ery e56eri+ental 6ur6ose +ay 2e +a!e% an! it is re+ar a2le with how slight care a 6erfectly true wheel +ay 2e +a!e in this +anner. The sa+e 6rinci6le +ight in so+e way 2e a66lie! to gear=wheels% for light an! te+6orary use. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. E. /ie+an% /ew -or .ity. A" E!e*#e"(< Gl -- F4""el %2&+'

Secure a glass 2ottle ha<ing a s+all nec an! tie a string saturate! in erosene aroun! the outsi!e at ( an! B as shown in the s etch. 0ight the string an! allow it to 2urn until the glass is heate!% then 6lunge the 2ottle Juic ly into water. The to6 or nec will then co+e off easily. The shar6 e!ges are groun! or file! off s+ooth. This will +a e a goo! e+ergency funnel which ser<es the 6ur6ose well for filling wi!e nec e! 2ottles.= .ontri2ute! 2y Jos. E. Sorenson% #<erett% Eash. A" Ele(t*$( l W l,$"# St$(, %2&/' ( cane that will 6ro!uce an electric shoc when sha ing han!s is one su66lie! with the electrical a66aratus shown in the s etch. (n or!inary cane% 1 in. in !ia+eter at the to6 an! ha<ing a +etal 2an! (% is 2ore! a2out 8 in. !ee6% to recei<e the 2attery B an! in!uction coil .. ,ne of the electrical connections is through the +etal ti6 D to the earth% the other is through the

Battery an! .oil In .ane +etal 2an! ( when the 6ush 2utton # is 6resse!. The one using the cane +erely hol!s the +etal en! D in contact with the earth an! while sha ing han!s with a frien! he 6ushes the 2utton an! starts the coil in o6eration. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Stanley Da!cliffe% 0aurel% M!. Co"1e"$e"t S8el0 A** "#e!e"t %2&/' ( con<enient !e<ice for crow!e! shel<es an! cu62oar!s is shown in the acco+6anying s etch. Halfway 2etween shel<es ( an! B is installe! a secon! shelf . which is only half as wi!e as the other shel<es. This

6ro<i!es a con<enient 6lace for s+all articles an! utensils% while in a china closet it furnishes a s6len!i! s6ace for cu6s% sauce !ishes or other s+all 6ieces. It also a!!s a neat an! 6leasing a66earance. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #. M. Eillia+s% ,2erlin% ,hio. A S8oe S(* )e* %2&/' ,n ste6s of 6u2lic 2uil!ings% sho6s an! !wellings is usually foun! so+e sort of a +u! scra6er for the shoes. These re+o<e the +u! fro+ the sole of the shoe an! lea<e it on the e!ge an! si!es. The scra6er shown in the s etch is of si+6le construction% an! re+o<es the +u! fro+ the soles an!

Scra6er of Thin Steel si!es of any siBe shoe in one o6eration. The scra6ers s6rea! an! 2ring 6ressure to 2ear on all siBes. The si!e scra6ers +ust 2e +a!e of +etal that will s6ring. The stan!ar! is of hea<y sheet +etal with the thinner stri6s ri<ete! to the 6ro8ecting u6rights at the en!s. F -te"$"# S8 de to Rolle* %2&/'

Tac the sha!e ( in the usual +anner an! roll it as far 2ac as 6ossi2le

an! while in this 6osition a66ly an a+6le Juantity of glue near the tac s% as shown at B. ( sha!e attache! in this +anner will not co+e loose fro+ the roller. Ve#et .le Sl$(e* %2&/' The slicer is +a!e of a nife 2la!e% screw an! 6in han!le. The screw is sol!ere! into the en! of the nife 2la!e. (s the screw fee!s into the <egeta2le

Slicer In Vegeta2le or fruit% the 2la!e will slice it in a curl of e<en thic ness. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H. .. Doufel!t% Tole!o% ,. Ho3 to M ,e " Et(8ed Co))e* P$(t4*e F* !e %2&2' Secure a hea<y 6iece of co66er a2out 8 or 10 gauge% cut to 7 2y 7='GI in. Ma e a !esign on a 6iece of 6a6er. The acco+6anying s etch offers a suggestion.

#tche! .o66er 7icture *ra+e If the !esign is to 2e sy++etrical% !raw a line !own the +i!!le of the 6a6er% +a e one=half the fol! an! trace the re+aining half 2y 6lacing a 6iece of !ou2le=surface! car2on 6a6er 2etween the hal<es. *asten this !esign with a little 6aste on the co66er at two of its corners an! trace it on the co66er 2y +eans of the car2on 6a6er. De+o<e the 6a6er% an!% with a s+all 2rush an! 2lac <arnish or as6haltu+ 6aint% co<er the 6art not to 2e eaten 2y the aci! of the 2ath into which the +etal is to 2e i++erse!. Two or three coats will 2e necessary to withstan! the aci!. The con<entional trees% the 2or!er as shown in the illustration% an! the 2ac are co<ere! with the <arnish or as6haltu+. The etching solution shoul! 2e 6ut in a stone <essel of so+e in! an! care shoul! 2e ta en not to allow it to get on the han!s or clothes. ( stic shoul! 2e use! to han!le the +etal while it is in the solution. This solution is +a!e 2y 6utting in the stone 8ar the following4 Eater a little +ore than one=half% nitric aci! a little less than one=half. Do not add the water to the acid. 0ea<e the +etal in this solution three or four hours. The ti+e will !e6en! u6on the strength of the aci! an! the !e6th to which you wish the etching to 2e !one. (n occasional e5a+ination of the o28ect will show when to ta e it out. Ehen the etching has 2een carrie! as far as !esira2le% ta e the co66er fro+ the 2ath an! re+o<e the as6haltu+ 2y scra6ing it as clean as 6ossi2le% using an ol! case nife. (fter !oing this% 6ut so+e of the solution% or 6ic le as it is calle!% in an ol! 6an an! war+ it o<er a fla+e. 7ut the +etal in this hot liJui! an! swa2 it with 2atting or cloth fastene! to the en! of a stic . Dinse in clear water to sto6 the action of the aci!. Ehen clean% cut the +etal out fro+ the center where the 6icture is to 2e 6lace!% using a +etal saw. Sol!er on the 2ac se<eral s+all cli6s with which to hol! the 6icture in 6lace. There +ust also 2e a su66ort sol!ere! in 6lace to ee6 the fra+e u6right. To further clean the +etal 2efore sol!ering% use a solution in the 6ro6ortion of one=half cu6 of lye to ' gal. water. Heat either the solution or the +etal 8ust 2efore using. Ehen sol!ering% care +ust 2e ta en to ha<e the 6arts to 2e sol!ere! thoroughly clean. (ny grease or foreign +atter will 6re<ent the sol!er fro+ running 6ro6erly. ,n a 6iece of slate sla2% hea<y glass or other har!% nona2sor2ent su2stance that is clean% 6ut a little water an! grin! a lu+6 of 2ora5 aroun! until the resultant is li e thin crea+. Thoroughly clean the 6arts that are to 2e sol!ere! 2y scra6ing with a nife% an! !o not touch with the fingers afterwar!. 7lace a 6iece of thin sil<er sol!er 2etween the 6arts after ha<ing coate! the+ an! the sol!er with the 2ora5. 1se a 6air of tweeBers to 6ic u6 the sol!er. Hol! the 6arts fir+ly together an! a66ly heat=slowly at first until all +oisture has 2een e56elle! an! the 2ora5 crystalliBe!% after which the fla+e +ay 2e a66lie! +ore !irectly an! the 6arts 2rought to a sol!ering heat. (n alcohol fla+e

will !o. Heat a66lie! too Juic ly will throw off the sol!er an! s6oil the atte+6t. There are <arious ways of finishing the +etal. It +ay 2e 6olishe! 2y +eans of 6ow!ere! 6u+ice% chal or charcoal% an! then treate! with a coat of *rench <arnish !ilute! ten ti+es its <olu+e in alcohol. (nother 6o6ular way is to gi<e the 2ac groun! a 2luish=green effect 2y 2rushing it o<er a great +any ti+es% after it has 2een cleane!% with a solution co+6ose! of +uriate of a++onia% 1 6artH car2onate of a++onia% ' 6artsH water% $I 6arts. The whole +ay then 2e treate! with *rench <arnish to 6reser<e the colors. Ho3 to M ,e " E -el %2&5' ( strong an! su2stantial easel +ay 2e +a!e at ho+e with <ery little e56ense an! no great !ifficulty. S+ooth !own with a 6lane% four 6ieces of 6ine% 1 in. thic % I in. wi!e an! I ft. long% until suita2le for legs. Ma e three cross=6ieces% *ig. 1% an! 8oin the legs with the+ as shown in *ig. $. Eith an auger 2ore a hole in each leg a2out ' in. fro+ the 2otto+% an! fit into each a little 6eg% *ig. $% for the 6icture to rest on. The 6eg shoul! 2e of har!woo! so it will not 2rea . .ut the han!le fro+ an ol! 2roo+% +easure off the right length% an! 6ut a hinge on one en!. *asten this leg on the secon! cross=6iece% thus for+ing a su66ort for the two front legs% *ig. '. The easel +ay 2e finishe! accor!ing to the in!i<i!ual taste. It +ay 2e san!6a6ere! an! staine! an! <arnishe!% or 6ainte! in so+e 6retty tint% or% if 6referre!% +ay 2e ena+ele!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 9. J. Tress.

Details of #asel .onstruction Ho3 to M ,e W$"d P*o)elle* %2&5'

( win! 6ro6eller +ay 2e constructe! with four ol! 2icycle wheels arrange! with shafts 6retty +uch li e the shafts of a han!=6ro6elle! cart. The 6latfor+ is flatter% how= e<er% an! the 2o!y one tier so that it is lower. ( fra+ewor of woo! is 2uilt at M an! this is a su66ort

Ein! 7ro6eller for se<eral 6ur6oses. The sail is secure! to the +ast which is fi5e! into the 2o!y of the cart as shown. The sail is linen fa2ric. There are two cross6ieces to ai! in ee6ing the sail 6ro6erly o6ene!. The steering arrange+ent is through the rear shaft. The shaft is 6i<ote! as in a han!=6ro6elle! cart% an! the ro! I e5ten!s fro+ the +i!!le connection of the shaft u6 to a 6oint where the 6erson seate! on the woo!en fra+e can han!le it. There is a 2ra e arrange! 2y +a ing a loo6e! 6iece J an! hinging it as shown. This 6iece is

+etal% fitte! with a leather face. The cor! F is 6ulle! to 6ress the 2ra e. I +ar s the su66ort for the +ast un!erneath the 2o!y of the cart. In a stea!y 2reeBe this cart s6ins nicely along the roa!s. Re)l ($"# B ll Be *$"#- %2&5' /e<er change a single 2all in a 2earing. Denew the+ all. Ho3 to Co"-t*4(t " A""4"($ to* %2&6' ,ftenti+es a single electric 2ell +ay 2e connecte! in a circuit so that it can 2e o6erate! fro+ +ore than one 6ush 2utton. These 6ush 2uttons are usually locate! in entirely !ifferent 6arts of the 2uil!ing an! it is necessary to ha<e so+e +eans of !eter+ining the 6articular 6ush 2utton that was 6resse! an! cause! the 2ell to o6erate. The electric annunciator is a !e<ice that will in!icate or recor! the <arious calls or signals that +ay 2e sent o<er the circuits to which the annunciator is connecte!. ( <ery si+6le an! ine56ensi<e annunciator +ay 2e +a!e in the following way4 Before ta ing u6 the construction of the annunciator it woul! 2e 2est to +a e a !iagra++atic !rawing of the circuit in which the annunciator is to o6erate. The si+6lest circuit that will reJuire an annunciator is one where the 2ell +ay 2e o6erate! fro+ either of two 6ush 2uttons. In this case the annunciator +ust 2e constructe! to gi<e only two in!ications. *ig. 1 shows how the <ariousC ele+ents of such a circuit +ay 2e connecte!. B is an or!inary <i2rating electric 2ell% M1 an! M$ are the two electro+agnets of the annunciator% ( is a 2attery of se<eral !ry cells% an! 71 an! 7$ are the 6ush 2uttons fro+ either of which the 2ell +ay 2e o6erate!. Ehen the 6ush 2utton 71 is 6resse! the circuit is co+6lete! through the win!ing of the +agnet M1 an! its core 2eco+es +agnetiBe!. In a si+ilar +anner the core of the +agnet M$ 2eco+es +agnetiBe! when the 6ush 2utton 7$ is 6resse! an! the circuit co+6lete! through the win!ing of the +agnet M$. If an iron ar+ature% that is su66orte! 2y a shaft through its center an! 6ro6erly 2alance!% 2e 6lace! near the en!s of the cores of M1 an! M$% as shown in *ig. $% it +ay assu+e the 6osition in!icate! 2y either the full or !otte! lines% !e6en!ing u6on which of the +agnets% M1 or M$% was last +agnetiBe!. The 6osition of this ar+ature will ser<e to in!icate the 6ush 2utton fro+ which the 2ell was o6erate!. The +agnets shoul! 2e 6lace! insi!e a case an! the in!ication +ay 2e +a!e 2y a 6ointer attache! to the shaft% su66orting the ar+ature. If you are a2le to secure the electro+agnets fro+ a !iscar!e! electric 2ell they will wor fine for the +agnets M1 an! M$. They shoul! 2e !isconnecte! fro+ their iron su66ort an! +ounte! u6on so+e non=+agnetic +aterial% such as 2rass or co66er% +a ing the !istance 2etween their centers as s+all as 6ossi2le. The 6iece of +etal u6on which the +agnets are +ounte! shoul! now 2e fastene!% 2y +eans of two woo! screws% to the 2ac of the 2oar!% shown in *ig. )% that is to for+ the face of the annunciator. It shoul! 2e a2out 1G8 in. thic % 1G$ in. wi!e an! long enough to e5ten! a short !istance 2e= yon! the cores of the +agnets M1 an! M$. Drill a 1G1)=in. hole through its center% as shown in *ig. $. Dri<e a 6iece of steel ro! into this hole% +a ing sure the ro! will not turn easily in the o6ening% an! allow a2out 1G$ in. of the ro! to 6ro8ect on one si!e% an! 1=1G$ in. on the other si!e. Drill a hole in the 2oar! u6on which the +agnets are +ounte! so that when the long en! of the ro! carrying the ar+ature is 6asse! through the hole% the ar+ature will 2e a little +ore than 1G1) in. fro+ each +agnet core. The short en! of the ro! shoul! 2e su6= 6orte! 2y +eans of a 6iece of stri6 2rass 2ent into the for+ shown in *ig. '. Drill a hole in the center of this 6iece% so the ro! will 6ass through it. Ehen the ar+ature has 2een 6ut in its 6ro6er 6lace% fasten this stri6 to the 2oar! with two s+all woo! screws. -ou +ay e56erience so+e !ifficulty in locating the hole in the 2oar! for the ro!% an! it no !ou2t woul! 2e 2est to !rill this hole first an! fasten the +agnets in 6lace afterwar!s. Two s+all collars shoul! 2e fastene! to the ro! to 6re<ent its +o<ing en!wise. *it the collars tightly on the ro! to hol! the+ in 6lace. .ut the long en! of the ro! off so it 6ro8ects through the face of the annunciator a2out

LG8 in. Ta e so+e <ery thin sheet 2rass an! cut out a nee!le or in!icator as shown in *ig. I. In a s+all 6iece of 2rass !rill a hole so it will fit tight on the other en! of the ro!. Sol!er the in!icator to this 6iece an! force it in 6lace on the en! of the ro!. Ehen the ar+ature is the sa+e

Details of the (nnunciator !istance fro+ each core% the in!icator shoul! 2e 6arallel to the long !i+ension of the face of the case. The case of the instru+ent +ay 2e +a!e in the following way4 Secure a 6iece of 'G8=in. oa % or other har! woo!% ' in. wi!e an! $ ft. long. Then cut fro+ this 2oar! the following 6ieces4 two whose !i+ensions corres6on! to those of *ig. L an! are to for+ the si!es of the caseH two whose !i+ensions corres6on! to those of *ig. ) an! are to for+ the 2ac an! the face of the caseH three whose !i+ensions corres6on! to those of *igs. 7D 8% an! & an! are to for+ the lower an! u66er en! of the case an! the finish for the to6. Secure a 6iece of win!ow glass% I=1G$ in. 2y '=1G8 in. that is to 2e use! as the front. Before asse+2ling the case cut on the inner surface of the 6ieces for+ing the si!es an! the lower en!% a groo<e 8ust wi!e enough to ta e the glass an! 1G1) in. in !e6th. The outer e!ge of this groo<e shoul! 2e 'G8 in. fro+ the outer e!ge of the fra+e. (fter the case is fastene! together there shoul! 2e a slot 2etween the 6iece for+ing the u66er en! an! the 6iece that ser<es as a finish at the to6% that will allow the glass to 2e sli66e! into 6lace. ( s+all stri6 of woo! shoul! 2e tac e! o<er this slot% after the glass is 6ut in 6lace% to 6re<ent the !ust an! !irt fro+ falling !own insi!e of the case. The 6iece u6on which the wor s are to 2e +ounte! +ay 2e fastene! in 6lace 2y +eans of four roun!=hea!e! 2rass screws that 6ass through the si!es of the case. It shoul! 2e fastene! a2out 1G$ in. 2ac of the glass front. The 2ac +ay 2e fastene! insi!e of the case in a si+ilar +anner. .ut two 6ieces% fro+ so+e sheet 2rass% whose !i+ensions corres6on! to those of *ig. 10. These 6ieces are to 2e use! in su66orting the case 2y +eans of so+e s+all screws. *asten three 2in!ing=6osts% that are to for+ the ter+inals of the annunciator% on the to6 of the u66er en! of the case. Mar one of these 2in!ing=6osts . an! the other two 0l an! 0$. .onnect one ter+inal of each of the +agnet win!ings to the 6ost +ar e! . an! the other ter+inal to the 6osts 0l an! 0$. -ou can finish the case in any style you +ay !esire. ,ften ti+es it is !esira2le to ha<e it corres6on! to the finish of the woo!wor of

the roo+ in which it is to 2e 6lace!. The !istance the 6oint of the in!icator will +o<e through !e6en!s u6on the !istance 2etween the cores of the +agnets an! the !istance of the ar+ature fro+ these cores. These !istances are often ti+es such that the in!ications of the cell are not <ery !efinite. If the ar+ature is +o<e! too far fro+ the cores there is not sufficient 6ull e5erte! 2y the+ when +agnetiBe!% to cause the 6osition of the ar+atureC to change. Mount on the shaft carrying the ar+ature a s+all gear wheel. (rrange another s+aller gear to engage this on an! fasten the in!icator to the shaft of the s+aller gear. (ny +o<e+ent now of the ar+ature shaft will result in a relati<e large +o<e+ent of the in!icator shaft. *igure 11 shows the arrange+ent of the gears 8ust !escri2e!. Ho3 to M ,e Ste ! C ll$o)e %2&8'

Secure ten gas 8et <al<es% the 6art of the gas fi5ture shown in *ig. 1% an! 6re6are to 6lace the+ in a 6iece of 1=in. 6i6e% 1$ in. long. This is !one 2y !rilling an! ta66ing 10 holes% each

Details of the .allio6e 1 in. a6art% in a straight line along the 6i6e. The <al<es screwe! into these holes a66ear as shown in *ig. $. The whistles are +a!e fro+ 6i6e of a !ia+eter that will fit the <al<es. /o !i+ensions can 2e gi<en for the e5act lengths of these 6i6es as they +ust 2e trie! out to get the tone. .ut ten 6ieces of this 6i6e% each one of a !ifferent length% si+ilar to the 6i6es on a 6i6e organ. .ut a threa! on 2oth en!s% 6ut a ca6 on the en! inten!e! for the to6% an! fit a 6lug in the other en!. The 6lug +ust ha<e a s+all 6ortion of its si!e file! out% an! a notch cut in the si!e of the 6i6e with its horiBontal e!ge le<el with the to6 of the 6lug. This 6art of each whistle is +a!e si+ilar to +a ing a 2ar whistle on a green stic of willow. The 6i6es are then screwe! into the <al<es. The whistles +ay 2e tone! 2y trying out an! cutting off 6ieces of the 6i6e% or 2y filling the to6 en! with a little +elte! lea!. The 1=in. 6i6e +ust ha<e a ca6 screwe! on one en! an! the other attache! to a stea+ 6i6e. The stea+ +ay 2e su66lie! 2y using an ol! range 2oiler% 6lace! horiBontally in a fire6lace +a!e of 2ric or sheet iron. If such a 2oiler is use!% a s+all safety <al<e shoul! 2e attache!. The eys an! <al<e o6eration are shown in *ig. '. This is so 6lainly illustrate! that it nee!s no e56lanation. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Her2ert Hahn% .hicago. S8 *)e"$"# S($--o*- %2&:' Ehen shar6ening scissors on a grin!stone it is <ery !ifficult to 6rocure a straight e!ge. *or those not ha<ing the facilities of a grin!ing arrange+ent a <ery han!y !e<ice that will 6ro!uce a straight an! shar6 e!ge can 2e easily constructe! as follows4 7rocure a 2loc of woo!% 1=1G$ in. long% 1 in. wi!e an! 1G$ in. thic % a!! saw a erf sJuare with the face of the 2loc % as shown at (. (ttach a 6iece

( Bloc of Eoo! *itte! with a 7iece of #+ery .loth for Shar6ening Scissors .orrectly of fine e+ery cloth in the erf% at B% with glue% ta ing care to ha<e it flat on the slo6ing surface only an! allowing no 6art of the cloth to turn the shar6 corner an! lie on the 2ac si!e. (66ly the 2loc to the scissor 2la!e as shown an! !raw it 2ac an! forth fro+ one en! to the other% 2eing careful to ee6 the 2ac si!e of the 2la!e flat against the 2loc . Eithout 2eing fa+iliar with scissors grin!ing% anyone can shar6en the+ correctly with this 2loc . ==.ontri2ute! 2y Harriet Fer2augh% (llentown% 7a. Co4"te* B*4-8 0o* S8o) %2&:'

( <ery ser<icea2le 2rush for use aroun! a sho6 can 2e +a!e fro+ a !iscar!e! or worn=out 6ush 2roo+ as shown at (. 7ull out the 2ristles fro+ one=half of the 2rush an! sha6e the woo! of that en! with a nife or

( Discar!e! 7ush Broo+ Sha6e! to *or+ a Brush for the Bench or .ounter s6o esha<e to the for+ of a han!le% an! the 2rush will 2e for+e! as shown at B.= .ontri2ute! 2y Ja+es T. 9affney% .hicago. A C4*t $" Rolle* %2&:' 7rocure a win!ow=sha!e roller% an u+2rella ri2 an! two stri6s of oilcloth% each 1 in. wi!e an! I in. long. .ut the

The .urtain is #asily (ttache! to an! Detache! fro+ the Doller for .leaning roller off so that it will 2e ) in. longer than the !istance across the win!ow% then cut a groo<e in it to insert the ri2. Sew the 6ieces of oilcloth so that they will 8ust fit o<er the en!s of the roller. Ehen this is !one lay the curtain across the groo<e% then 6ress the ri2 an! curtain into the groo<e an! 6ush the oilcloth 2an!s o<er the en!s of the ri2 to ee6 it in 6lace. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #. 0. Mc*arlane% /ashwaa ees% /. B. S8 de7Holde* B* (,et 0o* G - ?et %2&:'

(n ol! u+2rella ri2 +a es a <ery effecti<e sha!e=hol!er 2rac et for a gas 8et. The en!s of the ri2 are 2ent to fit aroun! the 6en!ant u6right an! the su66ort en! is sha6e! into a hoo . It can 2e Juic ly a66lie! or re+o<e!. The outer en! is 2ent into a hoo to

The Brac et for Hol!ing the Sha!e is Ma!e fro+ an ,l! 1+2rella Di2 hol! the sha!e. The ri2 can 2e cut to fit a 6en!ant ar+ of any length. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #!war! Feegstra% 7aterson% /. J. To Lo"#e* P*e-e*1e C4t Flo3e*- %2&:' ( goo! way to ee6 cut flowers fresh is to 6lace a s+all a+ount of 6ure salt of so!iu+ in the water. It is 2est to 6rocure this salt at a !rug store 2ecause co++ercial salt will cause the flowers to wither% !ue to the i+6urities in the so!a. .all for 6ure so!iu+ chlori!e. Gl -- Blo3$"# "d Fo*!$"# %2+0' *ortunate in!ee! is the 2oy who recei<es a stoc of glass tu2ing% a Bunsen 2urner% a 2low6i6e% an! so+e charcoal for a gift% for he has a great !eal of fun in store for hi+self. 9lass 2lowing is a useful art to un!erstan!% if the stu!y of either che+istry or 6hysics is to 2e ta en u6% 2ecause +uch a66aratus can 2e +a!e at ho+e. (n! for itself alone% the for+ing of glass into <arious sha6es has not only a goo! !eal of 6leasure in it% 2ut it trains the han!s an! the eye. 9lass% or!inarily 2rittle an! har!% 2eco+es soft an! 6lia2le un!er heat. Ehen su28ecte! to the action of a fla+e until !ull re!% it 2en!s as if +a!e of 6uttyH heate! to a 2right yellow% it is so soft that it +ay 2e 2lown% 6ulle!% 6ushe! or wor e! into any sha6e !esire!. Hence the necessity for a Bunsen 2urner% a !e<ice 6referre! to all others for this wor % 2ecause it gi<es the hottest fla+e without soot or !irt. The Bunsen 2urner% as shown in *ig. 1% is attache! to any gas 2rac et with a ru22er tu2e% 2ut the fla+e is 2lue% instea! of yellow% as the 2urner intro!uces air at its 2ase% which +i5es with the gas an! so 6ro!uces an al+ost 6erfect co+2ustion% instea! of the 6artial co+2ustion which results in the or!inary yellow fla+e. (ll gas sto<es ha<e Bunsen 2urners% an! +any oil sto<es. If gas is not a<aila2le% an alcohol la+6 with a large wic will !o al+ost as well. The 2low6i6e% shown in *ig. $% is +erely a tu2e of 2rass with the s+aller en! at right angles to the 6i6e% an! a fine ti6 to re!uce the siBe of the 2last% which is use! to !irect a s+all fla+e. Besi!es these tools% the glass wor er will nee! so+e roun! stic s of charcoal% shar6ene! li e a 6encil% as shown in *ig. '% a file% an! se<eral lengths of 9er+an glass tu2ing. To 2en! a length of the tu2ing% let it 2e assu+e! for the 6ur6ose of +a ing a sy6hon% it is only necessary to cor one en! of the tu2e an! heat it near the to6 of the Bunsen fla+e% turning the tu2ing constantly to +a e it heat e<enly on all si!es% until it is a !ull re! in color. It will then 2en! of its own weight if hel! in one han!% 2ut to allow it to !o so is to +a e a flat 6lace in the 2en!. The heating shoul! 2e continue! until the re! color is Juite 2right% when the o6en en! of the tu2e is 6ut in the +outh an! a little 6ressure of air +a!e in the tu2e 2y 2lowing. (t the sa+e ti+e% the tu2e is 2ent% stea!ily 2ut gently. The co+6resse! air in the tu2e 6re<ents it fro+ colla6sing !uring the 6rocess. To +a e a 2ul2 on the en! of a tu2e% one en! +ust 2e close!. This is easily !one 2y

heating as 2efore% an! then 6ulling the tu2e a6art as shown in *ig. I. The hot glass will !raw% 8ust li e a 6iece of taffy% each en! ta6ering to a 6oint. This 6oint on one length is successi<ely heate! an! 6resse! towar! an! into the tu2e% 2y +eans of a 6iece of charcoal% until the en! is not only close!% 2ut as thic as the rest of the tu2e% as in *ig. L. (n inch or +ore is now heate! white hot% the tu2e 2eing turne! continually to assure e<en heating an! to 6re<ent the hot en! fro+ 2en!ing !own 2y its own weight. Ehen <ery hot% a su!!en 6uff into the o6en en! of the tu2e will e56an! the hot glass into a 2ul2% as in *ig. ). These can 2e +a!e of consi!era2le siBe% an!% if not too thin% +a e <ery goo! flas s :*ig. 7; for 6hysical e56eri+ents. The 2ase of the 2ul2 shoul! 2e flattene! 2y setting it% still hot% on a flat 6iece of charcoal% so that it will stan! alone. To wel! two lengths of% glass tu2ing together% heat the en! of a tu2e an! insert the 6oint of a 6iece of charcoal in the o6ening% an! twirl it a2out until the en! of the tu2e has a consi!era2le flare. Do the sa+e to the en! of the other tu2e% which is to 2e 8oine! to the first% an! then% heating 2oth to a !ull re!% let the+ touch an! 6ress lightly together as in *ig. 8. (s soon as they are well in contact% heat the two 8oine! flares together% <ery hot% an!% 6ulling slightly% the flares will flatten out an! the tu2e 2e 6erfectly 8oine!. Tu2es 8oine! without 6re<ious flaring ha<e a constricte! !ia+eter at the 8oint. To +a e a T=8oint in two 6ieces of tu2ing% it is necessary to +a e a hole in the si!e of one 6iece% as shown at ( in *ig. &. This is acco+6lishe! 2y the ai! of the 6rinci6le of 6hysics that gases e56an! when heate!. Both en!s of the tu2e% which shoul! 2e col!% are cor e! tightly. The whole is then gra!ually war+e! 2y 2eing hel! near the fla+e. Ehen war+% a s+all fla+e is !irecte! 2y the 2low6i6e fro+ the Bunsen fla+e to a s6ot on one si!e of

9lass Blowing an! *or+ing the close! tu2e. (s it heats% the air within the tu2e e56an!s an! 2eco+es co+6resse!% an! as soon as the hot s6ot on the si!e of the tu2e is soft enough% the confine! air 2lows out% 6ushing the hot glass asi!e as it !oes so% lea<ing a s+all 6uncture. This is to 2e enlarge! with 6ointe! charcoal until it also flares as shown at B. This flare is then connecte! to the flare! en! of a straight tu2e% .% an! the T=8oint% D% is co+6lete. 1sing the 2low6i6e is not !ifficult. The li6s an! chee s shoul! 2e 6uffe! out with a +outhful of air% which is a+6le to 2low a fla+e while the lungs are 2eing refille!. In this way% it is 6ossi2le to use the 2low6i6e stea!ily% an! not inter+ittently% as is necessary if the lungs alone are the N2ellows.N S+all glass funnels% such as are use! in +any che+ical o6erations% are +a!e 2y first for+ing a 2ul2% then 6uncturing the 2ul2 at the to6% when hot% with a 6iece of charcoal% an! s+oothing !own or flaring the e!ges. Very s+all an! fine glass tu2es% such as are use! in e56eri+ents to !e+onstrate ca6illary attraction% water or other liJui! rising in the+ when they are 6lunge! into it% are +a!e 2y heating as long a section of tu2ing as can 2e han!le! in the fla+e==$ in. will 2e foun! enough==an!% when <ery hot% gi<ing the en!s a su!!en <igorous 6ull a6art. The tu2e 6ulls out an! gets s+aller an! s+aller as it !oes so% until at last it 2rea s. But the fine threa! of glass so +a!e is really a tu2e% an! not a ro!% as +ight 2e su66ose!. This can 2e !e+= onstrate! 2y 2lowing through it at a gas fla+e% or 2y i++ersing it in colore! liJui!. The solution will 2e seen to rise so+e !istance within the tu2e% the a+ount !e6en!ing on the !ia+eter of the tu2e.

The file is for cutting the glass tu2ing into lengths con<enient to han!le. It shoul! 2e a three=cornere! file% of +e!iu+ fineness% an! is use! si+6ly to nic the glass at the 6lace it is !esire! to cut it. The two thu+2s are then 6lace! 2eneath the tu2e% one on each si!e of the nic % an! the tu2e 2ent% as if it were 6lastic% at the sa+e ti+e 6ulling the han!s a6art. The tu2e will 2rea off sJuarely at the nic % without !ifficulty. The entire outfit +ay 2e 6urchase! fro+ any !ealer in che+ical or 6hysical a66aratus% or any !ruggist will or!er it. #nough tu2ing to last +any !ays% the Bunsen 2urner% 2low6i6e% file an! charcoal shoul! not e5cee! K$ in cost. C d!$4! "d Solde* %2+&' The a!!ition of ca!+iu+ to soft sol!er co+6ose! of tin an! lea!% lowers its +elting 6oint an! increases its strength.

Tele#* )8 Code- %2++'

Ho3 to M ,e

C*4$-$"# C t ! * " %2+/'

( launch is +uch safer than a sailing 2oat% yet there is not the real s6ort to 2e !eri<e! fro+ it as in sailing. Herein is gi<en a !escri6tion of a sailing cata+aran es6ecially a!a6te! for those who !esire to sail an! ha<e a safe craft. The +ain 6art of

the craft is +a!e fro+ two 2oats or 6ontoons with watertight to6s% 2otto+s an! si!es an! fi5e! at a certain !istance a6art with a 6latfor+ on to6 for the 6assengers. Such a craft cannot 2e ca6siBe! easily% an!% as the 6ontoons are watertight% it will weather al+ost any rough water. If the craft is inten!e! for rough waters% care +ust 2e ta en to +a e the 6latfor+ 6lia2le yet stiff an! as narrow as con<enient to ta e care of the roc ing +o<e+ents. This cata+aran has 2een !esigne! to si+6lify the construction% an!% if a larger siBe than the !i+ensions shown in *ig. 1 is !esire!% the 6ontoons +ay 2e +a!e longer 2y using two 2oar!s en! to en! an! 6utting 2attens on the insi!e o<er the 8oint. #ach 6ontoon is +a!e of two 2oar!s 1 in. thic % 1I in. wi!e an! 1) ft. long% !resse! an! cut to the sha6e shown in *ig. $. S6rea!ers are cut fro+ $=in. 6lan s% 10 in. wi!e an! 1$ in. long% an! 6lace! ) ft. a6art 2etween the 2oar! si!es an! fastene! with screws. Ehite lea! shoul! 2e 6ut in the 8oints 2efore turning in the screws. .ut the en!s of the 2oar!s so they will fit 6erfectly an! +a e 6ointe! en!s to the 6ontoons as shown

Details of the 7ontoons in *ig. '% an! fit in a we!ge sha6e! 6ieceH white lea! the 8oints an! fasten well with screws. Turn this shell u6si!e !own an! lay a 2oar! 1G$ in. thic % 1$ in. wi!e an! 1) ft. long on the e!ges of the si!es% +ar

.o+6lete! Boat on the un!er si!e the outsi!e line of the shell an! cut to sha6e roughly. See that the s6rea!ers an! si!es fit true all o<er% then 6ut white lea! on the 8oint an! nail with 1= 'GI =in. finishing nails as close as 6ossi2le without wea ening the woo!. Slightly stagger the nails in the si!es% the 1=in. si!e 2oar!s will allow for this% tri+ off the

si!es% turn the 2o5 o<er an! 6aint the 8oints an! en!s of the s6rea!ers% gi<ing the+ two or three coats an! let the+ !ry. Try each co+6art+ent for lea s 2y turning water in the+ one at a ti+e. Bore a LG8=in. hole through each s6rea!er in the center an! through the

.ross6iece an! Du!!er Details 2otto+ 2oar! as shown. The to6 2oar!% which is 1GI=in. thic % 1$ in. wi!e an! 1) ft. long% is 6ut on the sa+e as the 2otto+. (fter finishing 2oth 6ontoons in this way 6lace the+ 6arallel. ( 2loc of woo! is fastene! on to6 of each 6ontoon an! e5actly o<er each s6rea!er on which to 2olt the cross6ieces as shown in *ig. I. #ach 2loc is cut to the sha6e an! with the !i+ensions shown in *ig. L. The cross6ieces are +a!e fro+ hic ory or ash an! each 6iece is $=1G$ in. thic % L in. wi!e an! )=1G$ ft. long. Bore a LG8=in. hole ' in. fro+ each en! through the L=in. way of the woo!. Ta e +a6le flooring 'GI in. thic % ) in. wi!e% 7I=1G$ in. long an! fasten with large screws an! washers to the cross6ieces an! 6ut 2attens across e<ery 18 in. Turn the flooring an! cross6ieces u6si!e !own an! fasten to the 6ontoons with long LG8=in. 2olts 6ut through the s6rea!ers. 7ut a washer on the hea! of each 2olt an! run the+ through fro+ the un!er si!e. 7lace a thic ru22er washer un!er an! on to6 of each cross6iece at the en!s as shown in *ig. I. This will +a e a rigi! yet fle5i2le 8oint for rough waters. The flooring 2eing 6lace! on the un!er si!e of the cross6ieces +a es it 6ossi2le to get the sail 2oo+ <ery low. The si!es 6ut on an! well fastene! will greatly assist in stiffening the 6latfor+ an! hel6 it to stan! the rac ing strains. These si!es will also ee6 the water an! s6ray out an! +uch +ore so if a 1$=in. !ash is 6ut on in front on to6 of the cross6iece. The ru!!ers are +a!e as shown in *ig. )% 2y using an iron ro! LG8 in. in !ia+eter an! $ ft. long for the 2earing of each. This ro! is s6lit with a hac saw for 7 in. of its length an! a sheet +etal 6late 'G'$ in. thic % ) in. wi!e% an! 1$ in. long inserte! an! ri<ete! in the s6lit. This will allow 'GI in. of the iron ro! to 6ro8ect fro+ the 2otto+ e!ge of the +etal through which a hole is !rille! for a cotter 6in. The 2otto+ 2rac et is +a!e fro+ sta e iron 2ent in the sha6e of a 1 as shown% the ru!!er 2earing 6assing through a hole !rille! in the u66er leg an! resting on the lower. Sli6 the to6 2rac et on an! then 2en! the to6 en! of the 2earing ro! at an angle as shown in 2oth *igs. ) an! 7. .onnect the two 2ent en!s with a cross6iece which has a hole !rille! in its center to fasten a ro6e as

shown in *ig. 1. (ttach the +ast to the front cross6iece% also 2ows6rit% 2racing the+ 2oth to the 6ontoons. ( set of sails ha<ing a2out '00 sJ. ft. of area will 2e a2out right for racing. Two sails% +ain an! fore% of a2out 17L to $00 sJ. ft. will 2e sufficient for cruising. == .ontri2ute! 2y J. (66leton% Des Moines% Iowa.

All$# to* P8oto Mo4"t- %2+2' Dough alligator finishe! 6hotogra6h +ounts will not recei<e a goo! i+6ression fro+ a !ie. If a car2on 6a6er is 6lace! on the +ounts 2efore +a ing the i+6ression% a goo! clear i+6rint will 2e the result. Ho3 to Att (8 S $l to B$(<(le %2+5'

This attach+ent was constructe! for use on a 2icycle to 2e ri!!en on the well 6ac e! san!s of a 2each% 2ut it coul! 2e use! on a s+ooth% le<el roa! as well. The illustration shows the

Bicycle Sailing on a Beach +ain fra+e to consist of two 2oar!s% each a2out 1) ft. long% 2ent in the sha6e of a 2oat% to gi<e 6lenty of roo+ for turning the front wheel. ,n this +ain fra+e is 2uilt u6 a triangular +ast% to carry the +ainsail an! 8i2% ha<ing a co+2ine! area of a2out I0 sJ. ft. The fra+e is fastene! to the 2icycle 2y nu+erous 6ieces of ro6e. Sailing on a 2icycle is <ery +uch !ifferent fro+ sailing in a 2oat% for the 2icycle leans u6 against the win!% instea! of heeling o<er with it as the 2oat. It ta es so+e ti+e to learn the su66orting 6ower of the win!% an! the angle at which one +ust ri!e +a es it a66ear that a fall is al+ost sure to result. ( turn +ust 2e +a!e 2y turning out of the win!% instea! of% as in or!inary sailing% into itH the 2oo+ su66orting the 2otto+ of the +ainsail is then swung o<er to the o66osite tac % when one is tra<eling at a goo! s6ee!. Re!o1$"# Iod$"e St $"- %2+5' ( goo! way to che+ically re+o<e io!ine stains fro+ the han!s or linen is to wash the stains in a strong solution of hy6o sul6hite of so!iu+% nown as Nhy6o%N which is 6rocura2le at any 6hotogra6hic=su66ly !ealerCs or !rug store. There is no !anger of using too strong a solution% 2ut the 2est results are o2taine! with a +i5ture of 1 oB. of hy6o to $ oB. of water. D*<$"# P8oto#* )8 P*$"t- 3$t8o4t C4*l$"# %2+5' Ha<ing +a!e so+e 6hotogra6h 6rints at one ti+e that I wante! to !ry without the e!ges curling% I too an or!inary tin can an! a stri6 of clean cotton cloth% as wi!e as the

can was long% an! woun! it one turn aroun! the can an! then 6lace! the 6rints% one after the other% while they were !a+6% on the cloth% face !ownwar!% an! 6rocee!e! to roll the cloth an! 6rints Juite close on the can. I then 6inne! the en! of the cloth to ee6 it fro+ unwin!ing an! set the whole in a !raft for !rying. The cur<ature of the can 8ust a2out

Dolling 16 the 7rints counteracte! the ten!ency of the coating on the 6a6er to +a e the 6rints curl an! when they were thoroughly !rie! an! re+o<e! they re+aine! nice an! flat. ==.ontri2ute! 2y E. H. #66ens% .hicago. P$e*($"# Gl -- Pl te- 3$t8 S) *, Co$l %2+6'

(nyone 6ossessing a 1=in. in!uction coil an! a 1=Jt. 0ey!en 8ar can easily 6erfor+ the interesting e56eri+ent of 6iercing glass 6lates. .onnect the 0ey!en 8ar to the in!uction coil as shown in the !iagra+. ( !ischarger is now constructe! of <ery !ry woo! an! 2oile! in 6araffine for a2out 1L +inutes. The +ain 6art of the !ischarger% ( B% is a 6iece of woo! a2out ) in. long an! to the +i!!le of it is fastene! a woo! han!le 2y +eans of one or two woo! screws. ( 2in!ing=6ost is fastene! to each en! of the +ain 6iece or at ( an! B as shown in the !iagra+.

7uncturing 9lass 7lates Two stiff 2rass wires of /o. 1I gauge an! ) in. long% with a s+all 2rass 2all attache! to one en! of each% are 2ent in an arc of a circle an! attache! one to each 2in!ing=6ost. ( 6late of glass% 9% is now 6lace! 2etween the two 2rass 2alls an! the coil set in action. The 6late will soon 2e 6ierce! 2y the s6ar . 0arger coils will 6ierce hea<ier glass 6lates. ==.ontri2ute! 2y I. Eolff% Broo lyn% /. -. A Ho!e7M de St$ll %2+6' De+o<e the +etal en! of an ol! electric light glo2e. This can 2e !one 2y soa ing a 6iece of twine in alcohol an! tying it aroun! the glo2e at the 6lace the 2rea is to 2e +a!e. 0ight the string an! after it is 2urne! off% turn col! water on the glo2e. The result will 2e a s+ooth 2rea where the string was 6lace!. 7urchase a 6iece of glass tu2ing fro+ your !ruggist an! secure a cor that will fit the o6ening in the glass 2ul2. Bore a hole in the cor the right siBe for the glass tu2e to fit in tightly. If you cannot get a glass tu2e with a 2en! in it% you will ha<e to +a e a 2en!% as shown in the illustration% 2y heating the tu2e at the right 6lace o<er an alcohol la+6 an! allowing the weight of the

glass to +a e the 2en! while it is hot.

The .o+6lete Still Insert the short en! of the tu2e in the cor an! 6lace the other en! in a test tu2e that is 6lace! in water as shown. The glo2e +ay 2e fastene! in 6osition 2y a wire 6asse! through the cor an! tie! to a ring stan!. If you !o not ha<e a ring stan!% sus6en! the glo2e 2y a wire fro+ a hoo that is screwe! into any con<enient 6lace. ( neat alcohol la+6 +ay 2e +a!e of an ol! in or +uscilage 2ottle. Insert a wic in a 6iece of the glass tu2ing an! 6ut this through a hole 2ore! in a cor an! the la+6 is rea!y to 2urn alcohol or erosene. (lcohol is cleaner to use as a fuel. *ill the glo2e a2out two=thir!s full of water or other liJui! an! a66ly the heat 2elow as shown. The !istille! liJui! will collect in the test tu2e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .larence D. 0uther% Ironwoo!% Mich. Old7T$!e M #$( B l "($"# Fo*,- o" P$" He d %2+7'

Two% three an! four co++on ta2le for s can 2e +a!e to 2alance on a 6in hea! as follows4 7rocure an e+6ty 2ottle an! insert a cor in the nec . Stic a 6in in the center of this cor so that the en! will 2e a2out 1=1G$ in. a2o<e the ta6. 7rocure another cor a2out 1 in. in !ia+eter 2y 1='GI in. long. The for s are now stuc into the latter cor at eJual !istances a6art% each ha<ing the sa+e angle fro+ the cor . ( long nee!le with a goo! shar6 6oint is run through the cor with the for s an! 1G$ in. of the nee!le en! allowe! to 6ro8ect through the lower en!. The 6oint of the nee!le now +ay 2e 6lace! on the 6in hea!. The for s will 2alance an! if gi<en a slight 6ush they will a66ear to !ance. Different angles of the for s will 6ro!uce <arious feats of 2alancing. ==.ontri2ute! 2y ,. #. Tronnes% Eil+ette% Ill.

T8e B4tto"ed Co*d %2+7' .ut a 6iece of hea<y 6a6er in the sha6e shown in *ig. 1 an! +a e two cuts !own the center an! a slit as long as the two cuts are wi!e at a 6oint a2out 1 in. 2elow the+.

( string is 6ut through the slit% the long cuts an! 2ac through the slit an! then a 2utton is fastene! to each en!. The s+all slit shoul! not 2e so large as the 2uttons. The tric is to re+o<e the string. The solution is Juite si+6le. *ol! the 6a6er in the +i!!le an! the 6art 2etween the long cuts will for+ a loo6. Ben! this loo6 !own an! 6ass it through the s+all slit. Turn the 6a6er aroun! an! it will a66ear as shown in *ig. $. ,ne of the 2uttons +ay now 2e !rawn through an! the 6a6er restore! to its original sha6e.

De+o<ing the String E9)e*$!e"t 3$t8 " I"( "de-(e"t L !) %2+7' Ehen ru22ing 2ris ly an or!inary incan!escent la+6 on a 6iece of cloth an! at the sa+e ti+e slightly re<ol<ing it% a lu+inous effect is 6ro!uce! si+ilar to an O=ray tu2e. The roo+ +ust 2e !ar an! the la+6 6erfectly !ry to o2tain goo! results. It a66ears that the inner surface of the glo2e 2eco+es charge!% 6ro2a2ly 2y in!uction% an! will so+eti+es hol! the fila+ent as shown in the s etch. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #. E. Da<is% .hicago.

Ho3 to M ,e

S! ll Moto* %2+8'

The acco+6anying s etch shows how to +a e a s+all +otor to run on a 2attery of three or four !ry cells an!

Details of S+all #lectric Motor with sufficient 6ower to run +echanical toys. The ar+ature is constructe!% as shown in *igs. 1 an! $% 2y using a co++on s6ool with 8 flat=hea!e! screws 6lace! at eJual !istances a6art an! in the +i!!le of the s6ool. #ach screw is woun! with /o. $I gauge iron wire% as shown at (% *ig. 1. The co++utator is +a!e fro+ a thin 6iece of co66er% 1 in. in !ia+eter an! cut as shown in *ig. '% lea<ing 8 6oints% 1G8 in. wi!e an! 1G8 in.= !ee6. The fiel! is 2uilt u6 2y using 8 stri6s of tin% 1$ in. long an! $ in. wi!e% ri<ete! together an! sha6e! as shown at B% *ig. I. *iel! +agnets are constructe! 2y using two 'G8=in. 2olts% 1=1G$ in. long. ( circular 6iece of car!2oar! is 6lace! on each en! of the 2olt% lea<ing s6ace enough for the 2olt to 6ass through the fiel! B% an! to recei<e a nut. Ein! the re+aining s6ace 2etween the car!2oar!s with '0 ft. of /o. $$ !ou2le=woun! cotton=co<ere! co66er wire. ( light fra+e of woo! is 2uilt aroun! the +agnets% as shown at .% *ig. I. Holes are +a!e in this fra+e to recei<e the a5le of the ar+ature. Two stri6s of co66er% 1GI in. wi!e an! ' in. long% are use! for the 2rushes. The ar+ature is 6lace! in 6osition in its 2earings an! the 2rushes a!8uste! as shown in *ig. I% one 2rush touching the shaft of the ar+ature outsi!e of the fra+e% an! the other 8ust touching the 6oints of the co++utator% which is 6lace! on the shaft insi!e of the fra+e. .onnect the outsi!e wire of one +agnet to the insi!e wire of the other% an! the re+aining en!s% one to the 2atteries an! 2ac to the 2rush that touches the shaft% while the other is attache! to the 2rush touching the co++utator. In +a ing the fra+e for the ar+ature 2earings% care shoul! 2e ta en to get the holes for the shaft centere!% an! to see that the screws in the ar+ature 6ass each 2olt in the +agnets at eJual !istances% which shoul! 2e a2out 1G8 in. Al4!$"4! Pol$-8 %2+8' (n e+ulsion of eJual 6arts of ru+ an! oli<e oil can 2e use! for cleaning alu+inu+% says Blac s+ith an! Eheelwright. 7otash lye% not too strong% is also effecti<e in 2rightening alu+inu+% an! 2enBol can 2e use! for the sa+e 6ur6ose. ( goo! 6olish for alu+inu+ consists of a 6aste for+e! of e+ery an! tallow% the finish luster 2eing o2taine! 2y the use of rouge 6ow!er an! oil of tur6entine. Ho!e! de Blo3)$)e %2+8' 7rocure a clay 6i6e% a cor an! a s+all glass or +etal tu2e !rawn to a s+all o6ening in one en!. Ma e a hole in the cor 8ust large enough to 6er+it the tu2e to 6ass through tightly so no air can 6ass out e5ce6t through the hole in the tu2e. 7ut the tu2e in the hole with the s+all o6ening at the to6

( 7i6e Blow6i6e or 6ro8ecting en!. 7ush the cor into the 2owl of the 6i6e an! the 2low6i6e is rea!y for use. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Eil2ur .ry!er+an% Eal erton% ,nto S4.-t$t4te S$", o* B t8t4. Sto))e* %2+:' Mil =2ottle ca6s +a e goo! su2stitutes for the regular ru22er sto66ers in sin s an! 2athtu2s. The water soon !estroys the+% 2ut as a new one usually is ha! each !ay% they can 2e use! until a regular sto66er is o2taine!. ( goo! 6er+anent sto66er can 2e +a!e 2y cutting a hollow ru22er return 2all in half% using one 6art with the conca<e si!e u6. It will fit the hole of any sin or 2athtu2. ,ne 2all thus +a es two sto66ers at a cost of a2out L cents. S 0et< T$)- o" C8 $* Ro(,e*- %2+:' So+e roc ing chairs are so constructe! that when the 6erson occu6ying it gi<es a har! tilt 2ac war!% the chair ti6s o<er or !angerously near it. ( ru22er=ti66e! screw turne! into the un!er si!e of each roc er% near the rear en!% will 6re<ent the chair fro+ ti66ing too far 2ac . Ho3 to M ,e To< Fl$e* %2+:'

Ehile a great +any 6eo6le are loo ing forwar! to the ti+e when we shall successfully tra<el through the air% we all +ay stu!y the 6ro2le+ of aerial na<igation 2y constructing for oursel<es a s+all flying +achine as illustrate! in this article. ( wing is +a!e in the sha6e shown in *ig. 1 2y cutting it fro+ the large 6iece of an ol! tin can% after +elting the sol!er an! re+o<ing the en!s. This wing is then gi<en a twist so that one en! will 2e 8ust o66osite the other an! a66ear as shown in *ig. $. Secure a co++on s6ool an! !ri<e two nails in one en!% lea<ing at least 1G$ in. of each nail 6ro8ecting after the hea! has 2een re+o<e!. Two holes are +a!e in the wing% e5actly central% to fit on these two nails. (nother nail is !ri<en 6art way into the en! of a stic % *ig. I% an! the re+aining 6art is cut off so the length will 2e that of the s6ool. ( string is use! aroun! the s6ool in the sa+e +anner as on a to6. The wing is 6lace! on the two nails in the s6ool% an! the s6ool 6lace! on the nail in the stic % *ig. L% an! the flier is rea!y

Ho+e+a!e *lying Machine

for action. ( Juic 6ull on the string will cause the wing to lea<e the nails an! soar u6war! for a hun!re! feet or +ore. (fter a little e56erience in twisting the wing the o6erator will learn the 6ro6er sha6e to get the 2est results. Be <ery careful in +a ing the tests 2efore the wings are turne! to the 6ro6er sha6e% as the !irection of the flier cannot 2e controlle! an! so+e one +ight 2e in8ure! 2y its flight. Ho3 to M ,e " I*o"$"#7Bo *d St "d %2+:' Secure so+e 1 2y '=in. 2oar!s% a2out ' ft. long% an! 6lane the+ s+ooth. .ut the two 6ieces ( an! B '0 in. long an! +a e a notch in each of the+% a2out one=thir! of the way fro+ one en!% 1 in. !ee6 an! ' in. long. These

Ironing=Boar! Stan! notches are to recei<e the 6iece D% which has a s+all 2loc fastene! to its si!e to recei<e the en! of the 2race .. The 2race . is ') in. long. The u66er en!s of the 6ieces (% B an! . are fastene! to a co++on ironing 2oar! 2y using iron hinges as shown in *ig. 1. (s the 6iece D is fitte! loosely% it +ay 2e re+o<e! an! the 2race% .% with the legs% ( an! B% fol!e! u6 against the 2oar!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Bert Fottinger% San Jose% .al. A Ho!e7M de Ele(t*$( Pl4# %2/0'

( 6lug suita2le for electric light e5tension or to 2e use! in e56eri+enting +ay 2e +a!e fro+ an ol! electric glo2e. The glass is re+o<e! with all the ol! co+6osition in the 2rass rece6tacle% lea<ing only the wires. ,n the en!s of the wires% attach two s+all 2in!ing 6osts. *ill the 2rass with 6laster of 6aris% an! in !oing this ee6 the wires se6arate an! the 2in!ing=6osts o66osite each other. (llow the 6laster to 6ro8ect a2out 'GI in. a2o<e the 2rass% to hol! the 2in!ing=6osts as shown. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (l2ert #. Eelch% /ew -or . Ho3 to M ,e " Ele(t*$( F$*e Al *! %2/0' ,n each en! of a 2loc of woo!% 1 in. sJuare an! 1 in. long% fasten a stri6 of 2rass 1GI 2y ' in.% 2ent in the sha6e as shown in the s etch at (% *igH 1. These stri6s shoul! ha<e sufficient 2en! to allow the 6oints to 6ress tightly together. ( 6iece of 2eeswa5% E% is inserte! 2etween the 6oints

*ire (lar+ De<ice of the 2rass stri6s to ee6 the+ a6art an! to for+ the insulation. ( 2in!ing 6ost% B% is attache! to each 2rass stri6 on the en!s of the 2loc of woo!. The !e<ice is fastene! to the wall or ceiling% an! wire connections +a!e to the 2atteries an! 2ells as shown in the !iagra+% *ig. $. Ehen the roo+ 2eco+es a little o<erheate! the wa5 will +elt an! cause the 2rass stri6s to s6ring together% which will for+ the circuit an! +a e the 2ell ring. #ach roo+ in the house +ay 2e connecte! with one of these !e<ices% an! all on one circuit with one 2ell. Ho!e7M de Bo<;- C * %2/0'

BoysC Ho+e=Ma!e (uto The acco+6anying cut shows how a 2oy +ay construct his own auto car. The car consists of 6arts use! fro+ a 2oyCs wagon an! so+e ol! 2icycle 6arts. The 6ro6elling !e<ice is +a!e 2y using the hanger% with all its 6arts% fro+ a 2icycle. ( 6art of the 2icycle fra+e is left attache! to the hanger an! is fastene! to the +ain 2oar! of the car 2y 2loc s of woo! as shown. The chain of a 2icycle is use! to connect the cran hanger s6roc et to a s+all s6roc et fastene! in the +i!!le of the rear a5le of the car. The front a5le is fastene! to a sJuare 2loc of woo!% which is 6i<ote! to the +ain 2oar!. Do6es are attache! to the front a5le an! to the 2ac 6art of the +ain 2oar! to 2e use! with the feet in steering the car. To 6ro6el the auto% turn the cran s 2y ta ing hol! of the 2icycle 6e!als. ==.ontri2ute!C 2y (n!ers /eilsen% ,a lan!% .al. P8oto#* )8- $" Rel$e0 E -$l< M de %2/&' Delief 6hotogra6hs% although a66arently !ifficult to 6ro!uce% can 2e +a!e 2y any a+ateur 6hotogra6her. The negati<e is +a!e in the usual way an!%

De6ro!uce! fro+ a Delief 7hotogra6h when rea!y for 6rinting% a 6ositi<e or trans6arency is +a!e fro+ it in the sa+e +anner as a lantern sli!e or win!ow trans6arency% says the S etch% 0on!on. 1se the sa+e siBe 6late as the negati<e for the trans6arency. To +a e the 6rint in relief 6lace the 6ositi<e in the fra+e first with the fil+ si!e out an! the negati<e on to6 of this with the fil+ si!e u6 in the usual +anner. 7ut in the 6a6er an! 6rint. This will reJuire a greater length of ti+e than with the or!inary negati<e on account of 6rinting through !ou2le glass an! fil+s. In using 6rinting=out 6a6ers care shoul! 2e ta en to 6lace the 6rinting fra+e in the sa+e 6osition an! angle after each e5a+ination. W$*ele-- T$) %2/&' 7lace the trans+itting instru+ents of a wireless outfit as close together as 6ossi2le. Ho3 to M ,e W$*ele-- Tele)8o"e %2/+'

( note! *rench scientist% Bour2ouBe% was a2le to ee6 u6 co++unication with the outsi!e !uring the

Details of Eireless 7hone Installation siege of 7aris 2y +a ing 6ractical a66lication of the earth currents. The !istance co<ere! is sai! to ha<e 2een a2out '0 +iles. (nother scientist was a2le to tele6hone through the earth without the ai! of wires. /othing% howe<er% has 2een +a!e 6u2lic as to how this was acco+6lishe!. It is +y o28ect to un<eil the +ystery an! to ren!er this fiel! accessi2le to others% at least to a certain !egree% for I ha<e 2y no +eans co+6lete! +y researches in this 6articular wor . In or!er to esta2lish a wireless co++unication 2etween two 6oints we nee! first of all a hole or well in the groun! at each 6oint. In +y e56eri+ents I was una2le to get a !ee6 well% 2ut the instru+ents wor e! fine for a !istance of $00 ft.% using wells a2out $L ft. !ee6. (s in or!inary tele6hone lines% we reJuire a trans+itter an! recei<er at each 6oint. These +ust 2e of the long=!istance ty6e. If a hole is !ug or a well is foun! suita2le for the 6ur6ose% a co66er wire is hung in the o6ening% allowing the en! to touch the 2otto+. To +a e the 6ro6er contact an o<al or roun!=2ut not 6ointe! =co66er 6late is attache! to the en! of the wire. If a well is use!% it is necessary to ha<e a water6roof ca2le for the 6art running through the water. The to6 en! is attache! to the tele6hone trans+itter an! recei<er% as in the or!inary tele6hone% to the 2atteries an! to a Binc 6late% which is to 2e 2urie! in the earth a few feet away fro+ the well or hole% an! not +ore than 1 ft. un!er the surface. ( 2attery of four !ry cells is use! at each station. Both stations are connecte! in the sa+e way% as shown in the s etch. This +a es it 6ossi2le for neigh2ors to use their wells as a +eans of co++unication with each other. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (. #. Joerin. E<elet- 0o* Belt- %2/+' If eyelets% such as use! in shoes% are 6ut into the lace holes of a 2elt% the 2elt will last +uch longer. The eyelets% which +ay 2e ta en fro+ ol! shoes% will 6re<ent the lace fro+ tearing out. I ha<e use! this +etho! on se<eral in!s of 2elts% always with entire satisfaction. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Irl D. Hic s. Ho3 to M ,e L$0e B4o< %2/+'

(ny 2oy +ay 2e a2le to +a e% for hi+self or frien!s% a life 2uoy for e+ergency use in a row2oat or for learning to swi+. 7urchase 1='GI y!. of '0=in. can<as an! cut two circular 6ieces% '0 in. in !ia+eter% also cutting a roun! hole in the center of the+% 1I in. in !ia+eter. These two 6ieces are sewe! together on the outer an! inner e!ges% lea<ing a s6ace% a2out 1$ in. in length% o6en on the outer sea+. Secure so+e of the cor use! in 6ac ing Malaga gra6es fro+ a grocery or confectionery store an! 6ac it into the 6oc et for+e! 2etween the sea+s through the hole left in the outer e!ge. Ehen 6ac e! full an! tight sew u6 the re+aining s6ace in the sea+. 7aint the outsi!e surface an! the sea+s well with white 6aint to +a e it water=tight. ==.ontri2ute! 2y Eill Hare% 7etrolea% ,nto

A Ho!e7M de M$(*o-(o)e %2//' ( great +any ti+es we woul! li e to e5a+ine a see!% an insect or the fi2er of a 6iece of woo! 2ut ha<e no +agnifier han!y. ( <ery goo! +icrosco6e +ay 2e +a!e out of the 2ul2 of a 2ro en ther+o+eter. #+6ty out the +ercury% which is easily !one 2y hol!ing the 2ul2 with the ste+ !own o<er a la+6 or can!le. ( s6irit la+6 is the 2est% as it +a es no s+o e an! gi<es a stea!y heat. Ear+ the 2ul2 slowly an! the +ercury will 2e e56elle! an! +ay 2e caught in a tea cu6. Do not heat too fast% or the 6ressure of the +ercury <a6or +ay 2urst the glass 2ul2% cautions the Eoo!wor ersC De<iew. To fill the 2ul2 with water war+ it an! i++erse the en! of the tu2e in the water. Then allow it to cool an! the 6ressure of the air will force the water into the 2ul2. Then 2oil the water gently% hol!ing the 2ul2 with the ste+ u6H this will !ri<e out all the air% an! 2y turning the ste+ or tu2e !own an! 6lacing the en! in water the 2ul2 will 2e co+6letely fille!. It is sur6rising how +uch can 2e seen 2y +eans of such a si+6le a66aratus.

A No1el Ele(t*$( T$!e Al *! %2//' (ll ti+e alar+s run 2y cloc wor +ust 2e woun! an! set each ti+e. The acco+6anying !iagra+ shows how to +a e the connection that will ring a 2ell 2y electric current at the ti+e set without win!ing the alar+. The 2ell is re+o<e! fro+ an or!inary alar+

#lectric Ti+e (lar+ cloc an! a s+all +etal stri6 attache!% as shown at B. (n insulate! connection is fastene! on the cla66er of the 2ell% as shown at (. The ar+ hol!ing the cla66er +ust 2e 2ent to ha<e the 6oint ( re+ain as close to the stri6 B as 6ossi2le without touching it. The connection to the 2attery is +a!e as shown. Ehen the ti+e set for the alar+ co+es the cla66er will 2e +o<e! far enough to +a e the contact. In the course of a +inute the catch on the cla66er ar+ will 2e release! an! the cla66er will return to its for+er 6lace. Ho3 to M ,e P8o"o#* )8 Re(o*d C .$"et %2//'

The core% *ig. 1% consists of si5 stri6s of woo! 2e<ele! so as to for+ si5 eJual si!es. The

stri6s are ' ft.

7honogra6h Ea5 Decor! .ase long an! ' in. wi!e on the outsi!e 2e<el an! are naile! to threeZ 2loc s +a!e he5agon% as shown in *ig. $% fro+ 7G8=in. +aterial. ,ne 2loc is 6lace! at each en! an! one in the +i!!le. ( 1G$=in. +etal 6in is !ri<en in a hole 2ore! in the center of each en! 2loc . The 2otto+s of the 6aste2oar! cases% use! to hol! the wa5 recor!s% are either tac e! or glue! to this he5agon core% as shown in *ig. '% with their o6en en!s outwar!. Two circular 6ieces are +a!e of such a !ia+eter as will co<er the wi!th of the core an! the cases attache!% an! e5ten! a2out 1G$ in. each si!e. ( 1G$=in. hole is 2ore! in the center of these 6ieces to recei<e the 6ins 6lace! in the en!s of the core% *ig. 1. These will for+ the en!s of the ca2inet% an! when 6lace!% one on each en! of the core% hea<y 2uil!ing 6a6er or sheet +etal is tac e! aroun! the+ for a co<ering% as shown in *ig. I. ( s+all glass !oor is +a!e% a little wi!er than one row of cases% an! fitte! in one si!e of the co<ering. The outsi!e +ay 2e 6ainte! or !ecorate! in any way to suit the 2uil!er. E9)e*$!e"t- 3$t8 M$**o* %2/2'

(s your frien! if he can !eci6her the sign as illustrate! in the s etch% *ig. 1% which you 6reten! to ha<e rea! o<er the sho6 of an (r+enian shoe+a er.

He will 6ro2a2ly tell you that he is not con<ersant with ,riental languages. He will not 2elie<e it if you tell hi+ it is written in goo! #nglish% 2ut 6lace a fra+eless +irror 6er6en= !icularly on the +ysterious scri6t% right across the Juotation +ar s% an! it will a66ear as shown in *ig. $. Ee un!erstan! at once that the reflecte! i+age is the faithful co6y of the written half. Eith the ai! of a few 2oo s arrange the +irror an! the 6a6er as shown in *ig. ' an! as your frien! to write anything he chooses% with the con!ition that he shall see his han! an! rea! the scri6t in the +irror only. The writer will 6ro2a2ly go no farther than the first letter. His han! see+s to 2e struc with 6aralysis an! una2le to write anything 2ut BigBags% says Scientific (+erican. (nother e56eri+ent +ay 2e +a!e 2y ta ing an egg shell an! tri++ing it with the scissors so as to re!uce it to a half shell. In the hollow 2otto+ roughly !raw with your 6encil a cross with 6ointe! en!s. Bore a hole% a2out the siBe or a 6ea% in the center of the cross. 7lace yourself so as to face a win!ow% the light falling u6on your face% not u6on the +irror which you hol! in one han!. .lose one eye. 7lace the shell 2etween the other eye an! the +irror% at a !istance of $ or ' in. fro+ either% the conca<ity facing the +irror as shown in *ig. I. Through the hole in the shell loo at the +irror as if it were so+e !istant o28ect. Ehile you are so !oing the conca<e shell will su!!enly assu+e a strongly con<e5 a66earance. To

!estroy the illusion it 2eco+es necessary either to o6en 2oth eyes or to with!raw the shell away fro+ the +irror. The nearer the shell to the +irror an! the farther the eye fro+ the shell the +ore rea!ily co+es the illusion.

#56eri+enting with a Mirror M$"$ t4*e Ele(t*$( L !)- %2/2' (fter se<eral yearsC research there has 2een 6ro!uce! a +iniature electric 2ul2 that is a great i+6ro<e+ent an! a !eci!e! !e6arture fro+ the ol! in! which use! a car2on fila+ent. ( +etallic fila+ent 6re6are! 2y a secret che+ical 6rocess an! sus6en!e! in the 2ul2 in an S= sha6e is use! instea! of the ol! straight s6an. The <oltage is gauge! 2y the length of the s6an. The 2rilliancy of the fila+ent e5cels anything of its length in any <oltage. ,f course% the fila+ent is not +a!e of the 6recious +etal% ra!iu+H that si+6ly 2eing the tra!e na+e. Howe<er% the fila+ent is co+6ose! of certain +etals fro+ which ra!iu+ is e5= tracte!.

Ty6es of NDa!iu+N 0a+6s The a!<antages of the new 2ul2 are +anifol!. It gi<es fi<e ti+es the light on the sa+e <oltage an! uses one=half of the current consu+e! 2y the ol! car2on fila+ent. ,ne of the !isa!<antages of the ol! style 2ul2 was the glass ti6 which +a!e a sha!ow. This has 2een o2<iate! in the ra!iu+ 2ul2 2y 2lowing the ti6 on the si!e% as shown in the s etch% so as to 6ro!uce no sha!ow. Ho3 to M ,e M # A$"e Cl !) %2/5'

This !e<ice as shown in the illustration can 2e use! to hol! news6a6ers an! +agaBines while rea!ing. Two 6ieces of woo! are cut as shown% one with a slot to fit o<er the 2ac of a +agaBine an! the other notche! to ser<e as a cla+6. The 6iece% (% +ay 2e slotte! wi!e enough to insert two or three +agaBines an! +a!e long enough to hol! se<eral news6a6ers.

Pe3te* F$"$-8 0o* B* -- %2/5' ( color rese+2ling 6ewter +ay 2e gi<en to 2rass 2y 2oiling the castings in a crea+ of tartar solution containing a s+all a+ount of chlori!e of tin. D*o3"$"# Do#;- B *, 3$t8 W te* %2/5'

The owner of two !ogs was <ery +uch annoye! 2y the !ogs 2ar ing at night. It 2egan to 2e such a nuisance that the throwing of ol! shoes an! e+6ty 2ottles !i! not sto6 the noise. The only thing that see+e! to 6ut a sto6 to it was water.

Eater Treat+ent for DogCs Bar Being on the thir! floor of the house% an! a little too far fro+ the ennel to throw the water effecti<ely% a +echanis+ was arrange! as shown in the s etch. ( faucet for the gar!en hose was !irectly 2elow the win!ow. (n 8=in. woo!en groo<e! 6ulley was sli66e! o<er an a5le which ha! one en! fitte! on the han!le of the faucet. ( ro6e was e5ten!e! to the win!ow on the thir! floor an! 6asse! aroun! the 6ulley se<eral ti+es% thence o<er an iron 6ulley fastene! to the wall of the house an! a weight was attache! to its en!. By 6ulling the ro6e u6 at the win!ow the large 6ulley woul! turn on the water an! when release! the weight woul! shut off the flow. The noBBle was fastene! so as to !irect the strea+ where it woul! !o the +ost goo!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y (. S. 7ennoyer% Ber eley% .al. Co-t o0 W te* %2/5' The a<erage cost of su66lying 1%000%000 gal. of water% 2ase! on the re6ort of twenty=two cities% is K&$. This su+ inclu!es o6erating e56enses an! interest on 2on!s. Ho3 to M ,e Wo"de*#* )8 %2/6' By *. #. T1.F

(n e5cee!ingly interesting +achine is the so=calle! won!ergra6h. It is easy an! chea6 to +a e an! will furnish 2oth entertain+ent an! instruction for young an! ol!. It is a !rawing +achine% an! the <ariety of !esigns it will 6ro!uce% all sy++etrical an!

orna+ental an! so+e won!erfully co+6licate!% is al+ost without li+it. *ig. 1 re6resents !iagra++atically the +achine shown in the s etch. This is the easiest to +a e an! gi<es fully as great a <ariety of results as any other. To a 6iece of wi!e 2oar! or a !iscar!e! 2o5 2otto+% three groo<e! circular !is s are fastene! with screws so as to re<ol<e freely a2out the centers. They +ay 2e sawe! fro+ 6ieces of thin 2oar! or% 2etter still% three of the 6laJues so generally use! in 2urnt=. woo! wor +ay 2e 2ought for a2out 1L cents. 1se the largest one for the re= <ol<ing ta2le T. 9 is the gui!e wheel an! D the !ri<er with attache! han!le. Secure a 6iece of a ')=in. ruler% which can 2e o2taine! fro+ any furniture !ealer% an! nail a s+all 2loc % a2out 1 in. thic % to one en! an! !rill a hole through 2oth the ruler an! the 2loc % an! 6i<ot the+ 2y +eans of a woo!en 6eg to the face of the gui!e wheel. ( fountain 6en% or 6encil% is 6lace! at 7 an! hel! securely 2y ru22er 2an!s in a groo<e! 2loc attache! to the ruler. ( stri6 of woo!% M/% is fastene! to one en! of the 2oar!. This stri6 is +a!e 8ust high enough to ee6 the ruler 6arallel with the face of the ta2le% an! a row of s+all nails are !ri<en 6art way into its u66er e!ge. (nyone of these nails +ay 2e use! to hol! the other en! of the ruler in 6osition% as shown in the s etch. If the wheels are not true% a 2elt tightener% B% +ay 2e attache! an! hel! against the 2elt 2y a s6ring or ru22er 2an!.

(n #asily Ma!e Eon!ergra6h (fter the a66aratus is a!8uste! so it will run s+oothly% fasten a 6iece of !rawing 6a6er to the ta2le with a cou6le of thu+2 tac s% a!8ust the 6en so that it rests lightly on the 6a6er an! turn the !ri<e wheel. The results will 2e sur6rising an! !elightful. The acco+6anying !esigns were +a!e with a <ery cru!e co+2ination of 6ulleys an! 2elts% such as !escri2e!. The +achine shoul! ha<e a s6ee! that will cause the 6en to +o<e o<er the 6a6er at the sa+e rate as in or!inary writing. The in shoul! flow freely fro+ the 6en as it 6asses o<er the 6a6er. ( <ery fine 6en +ay 2e necessary to 6re<ent the lines fro+ running together. The !i+ensions of the won!ergra6h +ay <ary. The larger !esigns in the illustration were +a!e on a ta2le% 8 in. in !ia+eter% which was !ri<en 2y a gui!e wheel% ) in. in !ia+eter. The siBe of the !ri<er has no effect on the for+ or !i+ensions of the !esign% 2ut a change in al+ost any other 6art of the +achine has a +ar e! effect on the results o2taine!. If the 6enhol!er is +a!e so that it +ay 2e fastene! at <arious 6ositions along the ruler% an! the gui!e wheel has holes !rille! through it at !ifferent !istances fro+ the center

Diagra+s Showing .onstruction of Eon!er gra6hs to hol! the 6eg attaching the ruler% these two a!8ust+ents% together with the one for changing the other en! of the ruler 2y the rows of nails% will +a e a <ery great nu+2er of co+2inations 6ossi2le. #<en a slight change will greatly +o!ify a figure or gi<e an entirely new one. Designs +ay 2e change! 2y si+6ly twisting the 2elt% thus re<ersing the !irection of the ta2le. If an ar+ 2e fastene! to the ruler at right angles to it% containing three or four groo<es to hol! the 6en% still !ifferent figures will 2e o2taine!. ( no<el effect is +a!e 2y fastening two 6ens to this ar+ at the sa+e ti+e% one fille! with re! in an! the other with 2lac in . The !esigns will 2e Juite !issi+ilar an! +ay 2e one trace! o<er the other or one within the other accor!ing to the relati<e 6osition of the 6ens. (gain change the siBe of the gui!e wheel an! note the effect. If the !ia+eter of the ta2le is a +ulti6le of that of the gui!e wheel% a co+6lete figure of few lo2es will result as shown 2y the one !esign in the lower right han! corner of the illustration. Eith a <ery fle5i2le 2elt tightener an elli6tical gui!e wheel +ay 2e use!. The a5is +ay 2e ta en at one of the foci or at the intersection of the a5is of the elli6se. The +ost co+6licate! a!8ust+ent is to +ount the ta2le on the face of another !isc% ta2le an! !isc re<ol<ing in o66osite !irections. It will go through a long series of changes without co+6leting any figure an! then will re6eat itself. The !ia+eters +ay 2e +a!e to <ary fro+ the fraction of an inch to as large a !ia+eter as the siBe of the ta2le 6er+its. The !esigns gi<en here were originally trace! on !rawing 6a6er ) in. sJuare. De+ar a2le an! co+6le5 as are the cur<es 6ro!uce! in this +anner% yet they are 2ut the results o2taine! 2y co+2ining si+ultaneously two si+6le +otions as +ay 2e shown in the following +anner4 Hol! the ta2le stationary an! the 6en will trace an o<al. But if the gui!e wheel is secure! in a fi5e! 6osition an! the ta2le is re<ol<e! a circle will 2e the result. So +uch for the +achine shown in

S6eci+en Scrolls Ma!e on the Eon!ergra6h *ig. 1. The nu+2er of the +o!ifications of this si+6le contri<ance is li+ite! only 2y the ingenuity of the +a er. *ig. $ s6ea s for itself. ,ne en! of the ruler is fastene! in such a way as to ha<e a to=an!=fro +otion o<er the arc of a circle an! the s6ee! of the ta2le is geare! !own 2y the a!!ition of another wheel with a s+all 6ulley attache!. This will gi<e +any new !esigns. In *ig. ' the en! of the ruler is hel! 2y a ru22er 2an! against the e!ge of a thin triangular 6iece of woo! which is attache! to the face of the fourth wheel. By su2stituting other 6lain figures for the triangle% or outlining the+ with s+all finishing nails% +any curious +o!ifications such as are shown 2y the two s+allest !esigns in the illustrations +ay 2e o2taine!. It is necessary% if sy++etrical !esigns are to 2e +a!e% that the fourth wheel an! the gui!e wheel ha<e the sa+e !ia+eter. In *ig. I% V an! E are <ertical wheels which +ay 2e successfully connecte! with the !ou2le horiBontal !ri<e wheel if the 6ulley 2etween the two has a wi!e flange an! is set at the 6ro6er angle. ( long stri6 of 6a6er is gi<en a unifor+ rectilinear +otion as the string attache! to it is woun! aroun! the a5le% V. The 6en% 7% has a +otion co+6oun!e! of two si+ultaneous +otions at right angles to each other gi<en 2y the two gui!e wheels. Designs such as shown as a 2or!er at the to6 an! 2otto+ of the illustration are o2taine! in this way. If the <ertical wheels are !isconnecte! an! the 6a6er fastene! in 6lace the well nown 0issa8ouCs cur<es are o2taine!. These cur<es +ay 2e trace! 2y <arious +etho!s% 2ut this ar= range+ent is a2out the si+6lest of the+ all. The !esign in this case will change as the ratio of the !ia+eters of the two gui!e wheels are change!. These are only a few of the +any a!8ust+ents that are 6ossi2le. *reJuently so+e new !e<ice will gi<e a figure which is a66arently li e one o2taine! in so+e other way% yet% if you will watch the way in which the two are co++ence! an! !e<elo6e! into the co+= 6lete !esign you will fin! they are for+e! Juite !ifferently. The a<erage 2oy will ta e !elight in +a ing a won!ergra6h an! in in<enting the +any i+6ro<e+ents that are sure to suggest the+sel<es to hi+. (t all e<ents it will not 2e ti+e thrown away% for% si+6le as the contri<ance is% it will arouse latent energies which +ay !e<elo6 along +ore useful lines in +aturer years. Ho3 to M ,e &&07Volt T* "-0o*!e* %2/:'

Secure two +agnets fro+ a tele6hone 2ell% or a set of +agnets woun! for $%000 oh+s. Mount the+ on a 2ar of 2rass or steel as shown in *ig. 1. 9et an e+6ty cocoa can an! clean it goo! to re+o<e all 6articles of cocoa an! 6unch fi<e holes in the co<er% as shown in *ig. $. The +i!!le hole is to 2e use! to fasten the co<er to the 2rass 2ar with a 2olt. The other four holes are for the wire ter+inals. ( 6iece of ru22er tu2ing +ust 2e 6lace! o<er the wire ter+inals 2efore inserting the+ in the holes. *ill the can with cru!e oil% or with any in! of oil e5ce6t erosene

7arts of the Transfor+er oil% an! i++erse the +agnets in it 2y fitting the co<er on tight :*ig. ';. The connections are +a!e as shown in the !iagra+% *ig. L. This !e<ice +ay 2e use! on 110=<olt current for electro=6lating an! s+all 2attery la+6s% 6ro<i!e! the +agnets are woun! with wire no larger than /o. I0. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. M. Du2san% Mus ogee% , la. E9)e*$!e"t 3$t8 V (44! %2/:'

#56eri+ental (66aratus Ta e any itchen utensil use! for frying 6ur6oses=an or!inary s illet% or s6i!er% wor s 2est=ha<ing a s+ooth inner 2otto+ surface% an! turn in water to the !e6th of 1G$ in. .ut a 6iece of car!2oar! circular to fit the 2otto+ of the s6i!er an! +a e a hole in the center I in. in !ia+eter. The hole will nee! to corres6on! to the siBe of the can use!. It shoul! 2e 1 in. less in !ia+eter than that of the can. 7lace this car!2oar! in the 2otto+ of the s6i!er un!er the water. ( $=Jt. syru6 can or 6ail ren!ers the 2est !e+onstration% although goo! results +ay 2e o2taine! fro+ the use of an or!inary to+ato can. The e!ge of the can +ust ha<e no in!entations% so it will fit 6erfectly tight all aroun! on the car!= 2oar!. 7lace the can 2otto+ si!e u6 an! e<enly o<er the hole in the car!2oar!. 7ut a sufficient weight on the can to 6re<ent it +o<ing on the car!2oar!% 2ut not too hea<y% say% l l2. 7lace the s6i!er with its a!8uste! contents u6on a heate! sto<e. Soon the in<erte! can will 2egin to agitate. Ehen this agitation finally ceases re+o<e the s6i!er fro+ the sto<e% 2eing careful not to +o<e the can% an! if the Juic est results are !esire!% a66ly snow% ice or col! water to the surface of the can until the si!es 2egin to flatten. The s6i!er with its entire contents +ay now 2e lifte! 2y ta ing hol! of the can. Ehen the <acuu+ is co+6lete the si!es of the can will su!!enly colla6se% an! so+eti+es% with a con=

si!era2le re6ort% 8u+6 fro+ the s6i!er. The cause of the foregoing 6heno+enon is that the circular hole in the car!2oar! a!+its !irect heat fro+ the surface of the s6i!er. This heat causes the air in the can to e56an!% which is allowe! to esca6e 2y agitation% the water an! the car!2oar! acting as a <al<e to 6re<ent its re=entrance. Ehen the enclose! air is e56elle! 2y the heat an! a <acuu+ is for+e! 2y the cooling% the a2o<e results are o2taine! as !escri2e!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y /. J. Mc0ean. T8e M ,$"# o0 F*e , P8oto#* )8- %220' (n e56eri+ent that is interesting an! one that can 2e <arie! at the 6leasure of the o6erator% is the ta ing of his own 6icture. The effect secure!% as shown in the acco+6anying s etch% re6ro!uce! in 6en an! in fro+ a 6hotogra6h% is that +a!e 2y the 6hotogra6her hi+self. (t first it see+s i+6ossi2le to secure such a 6icture% 2ut when tol! that a +irror was use! the 6rocess is then nown to 2e a si+6le one. The +irror is set in such a way as to allow the ca+era an! o6erator% when stan!ing !irectly in front of it% to 2e

7hotogra6hing the 7hotogra6her in a rather strong light. The ca+era is focuse!% shutter set an! 6late hol!er +a!e rea!y. The focusing cloth is thrown o<er your hea!% the 6osition ta en as shown% an! the e56osure +a!e 2y the 6ressure of the teeth on the 2ul2 while hel! 2etween the+. H "d C * M de o0 P$)e "d F$tt$"#- %220' (lthough a66arently co+6licate!% the construction of the +iniature han! car shown in the acco+6anying illustration is <ery si+6le. Eith a few e5ce6tions all the 6arts are short lengths of 6i6e an! co++on tees% el2ows an! ni66les. The wheels were +anufacture! for use on a 2a2y carriage. The s6roc et wheel an! chain were ta en fro+ a !iscar!e! 2icycle% which was also !rawn u6on for the cor han!le use! on the steering le<er. The floor is +a!e of 1=in. white 6ine% 1I in. wi!e an! I8 in. long% to which are 2olte! or!inary flanges to hol! the fra+ing an! the% 6ro6elling an! steering a66aratus together. The a5les were +a!e fro+ 'G8 in. shafting. The fifth wheel consists of two s+all flanges wor ing on the face surfaces. These flanges an! the au5iliary steering ro! are connecte! to the a5les 2y +eans of holes sta+6e! in the 6iece of sheet iron which encases the a5le. The sheet iron was first 6ro6erly sta+6e! an! then 2ent aroun! the a5le. The le<ers for 6ro6elling an! steering the car wor in fulcru+s +a!e for use in le<er <al<es. The turne! woo!en han!les 2y which these le<ers are o6erate! were inserte! through holes !rille! in the connecting tees. The wor ing 8oint for the steering an! han! le<ers consists of a 1G$ 2y 'G8 2y 'G8 in. tee% a 1G$ 2y 'G8 in. cross an! a 6iece of ro! threa!e! on 2oth en!s an! screwe! into the tee. The cross is rea+e! an!% with the ro!% for+s a 2earing.

BoyCs Han! .ar The o6eration of this little han! car is <ery si+ilar in 6rinci6le to that of the or!inary tricycle% says Do+estic #ngineering. The +achine can 2e 6ro6elle! as fast as a 2oy can run. It res6on!s rea!ily to the slightest +o<e+ent of the steering le<er. Ho3 to M ,e R4-t$( Se t %22&'

The rustic settee illustrate! in *ig. 1 +ay 2e +a!e ) ft. long% which will acco++o!ate four a<erage=siBe! 6ersons. It is not a!<isa2le to e5cee! this length% as then it woul! loo out of 6ro6ortion% says the Eoo!=Eor er. Select the +aterial for the 6osts% an! for 6reference 2ranches that are slightly cur<e!% as shown in the s etch. The front 6osts are a2out '=1G$ in. in !ia+eter 2y $ ft. I in. long. The 2ac 6osts are ' ft. I in. high% while the center 6ost is ' ft. 8 in. in height. The longitu!inal an! trans<erse rails are a2out ' in. in !ia+eter an! their en!s are 6are! away to fit the 6ost to which they are connecte! 2y 1=in. !ia+eter !owels. This +etho! is shown in *ig. I. The !owel holes are 2ore! at a !istance of 1 ft. $=1G$ in% u6 fro+ the lower en!s of 6osts. The front center leg is 6artially hal<e! to the front rail an! also connecte! to the 2ac 6ost 2y a 2earer% I in. !ee6 2y 1=1G$ in. thic . This 2earer is tenone! to the 2ac 6ost. *ig. ' shows a sectional <iew of the 2earer 8oint to front leg% an! also the half=roun! seat 2attens resting on the 2earer% also showing the+ with their e!ges 6lane!. It is a!<isa2le to ha<e a s6ace 2etween the e!ges of each 2atten% say a2out 1=8 in.% to allow rainwater to !rain. The en!s of the seat 2attens are 6are! away to fit the trans<erse rails neatly as shown in *ig. $. The struts for the 6ost range in !ia+eter fro+ 1=1G$ in. to $ in. The en!s of the struts are 6are! to fit the 6osts an!

Dustic Seat an! Details of .onstruction rails% an! are then secure! with two or three 2ra!s at each en!. Select cur<e! 6ieces% a2out $=1G$ in. in !ia+eter% for the ar+ rests an! 2ac railsH

while the !iagonally 6lace! filling +ay 2e a2out $ in. in !ia+eter. Start with the shortest lengths% cutting the+ longer than reJuire!% as the 6aring necessary to fit the+ to the rails an! 6osts shortens the+ a little. Bra! the+ in 6osition as they are fitte!% an! try to arrange the+ at regular inter<als. He ted Stee*$"# W8eel %22&' Motorists that suffer with col! han!s while !ri<ing their cars +ay ha<e relief 2y using a steering wheel that is 6ro<i!e! with electric heat. (n #nglish in<ention !escri2es a steering wheel with a core that carries two electrically heate! coils insulate! one fro+ the other an! fro+ the outer ri+. Ho!e! de Wo*,.e"(8 %22+' By .. #. McFI//#-% Jr. The first a66liance necessary for the 2oyCs wor sho6 is a wor 2ench. The a<erage 2oy that !esires to construct his own a66aratus as +uch as 6ossi2le can +a e the 2ench as !escri2e! herein. *our 6ieces of $ 2y I=in. 6ine are cut $' in. long for the legs% an! a tenon +a!e on each en! of the+% 1G$ in. thic % '=1G$ in. wi!e an! 1=1G$ in. long% as shown

Details of .onstruction of Ho+e+a!e Eor 2ench at ( an! B% *ig. 1. The cross6ieces at the to6 an! 2otto+ of the legs are +a!e fro+ the sa+e +aterial an! cut $0 in. long. ( +ortise is +a!e 1=1GI in. fro+ each en! of these 6ieces an! in the narrow e!ge of the+% as shown at . an! D% *ig. 1. The corners are then cut slo6ing fro+ the e!ge of the leg out an! to the +i!!le of the 6iece% as shown. Ehen each 6air of legs are fitte! to a 6air of cross6ieces they will for+ the two su66orts for the 2ench. These su66orts are hel! together an! 2race! with two 2races or connecting 6ieces of $ 2y I=in. 6ine% $I in. long. The 8oints are +a!e 2etween the en!s of these 6ieces an! the legs 2y 2oring a hole through each leg an! into the center of each en! of the 2races to a !e6th of I in.% as shown at J% *ig. $. ,n the 2ac si!e of the 2races 2ore holes% intersecting the other holes% for a 6lace to insert the nut of a 2olt% as shown at HH. *our 'G8 2y )=in% 2olts are 6lace! in the holes 2ore!% an! the 8oints are !rawn together as shown at J. The en!s of the two 2races +ust 2e sawe! off 6erfectly sJuare to +a e the su66orts stan! u6 straight. In +a ing this 6art of the 2ench 2e sure to ha<e the 8oints fit closely an! to !raw the 2olts u6 tight on the stretchers. There is nothing Juite so annoying as to ha<e the 2ench su66ort sway while wor is 2eing !one on its to6. It woul! 2e well to a!! a cross 2race on the 2ac si!e to 6re<ent any roc ing while 6laning 2oar!s% if the 2ench is to 2e use! for large wor . The +ain to6 2oar! M% *ig. $% +ay 2e either +a!e fro+ one 6iece of $ 2y 1$=in. 6lan % '=1G$ ft. long% or +a!e u6 of 1I stri6s of +a6le% 7G8 in. thic 2y $ in. wi!e an!

'=1G$ ft. long% set on e!ge% each stri6 glue! an! screwe! to its neigh2or. Ehen 2uil!ing u6 a to6 li e this 2e careful to 6ut the stri6s together with the grain running in the sa+e !irection so the to6 +ay 2e 6lane! s+ooth. The 2ac 2oar! / is the sa+e length as the +ain to6 2oar! M% 8=1G$ in. wi!e an! only 7G8 in. thic % which is fitte! into a 1G$=in. ra22et in 2ac of the 2oar! M. These 2oar!s for+ the to6 of the 2ench% an! are fastene! to the to6 6ieces of the su66orts with long screws. The 2oar! # is 10 in. wi!e an! naile! to the 2ac of the 2ench. ,n to6 of this 2oar! an! at right angles with it is fastene! a $=1G$=in. 2oar!% *. These two 2oar!s are 7G8 in. thic an! '=1G$ ft. long. Holes are 2ore! or notches are cut in the 6ro8ecting 2oar!% *% to hol! tools. Details of the <ise are shown in *ig. '% which is co+6ose! of a $ 2y )=in. 2loc 1$ in. long% into which is fastene! an iron 2ench screw% S. Two gui!e rails% 99% 7G8 2y 1=1G$ in. an! $0 in. long% are fastene! into +ortises of the 2loc as shown at FF% an! they sli!e in corres6on!ing +ortises in a 6iece of $ 2y I=in. 6ine 2olte! to the un!er si!e of the +ain to6 2oar! as shown at 0. The 2ench screw nut is fastene! in the $ 2y I=in. 6iece% 0% 2etween the two +ortise! holes. This 6iece% 0% is securely naile! to one of the to6 cross 6ieces% .% of the su66orts an! to a 6iece of $ 2y I=in. 6ine% 7% that is 2olte! to the un!er si!es of the to6 2oar!s at the en! of the 2ench. The 2olts an! the 2ench screw can 2e 6urchase! fro+ any har!ware store for less than one !ollar. Fo*!$"# Co$l- to M ,e Fle9$.le W$*e Co""e(t$o"- %22/' Ehen connections are +a!e to 2ells an! 2atteries with s+all co66er wires co<ere! with cotton or sil % it is necessary to ha<e a coil in a short 6iece of the line to +a e it fle5i2le. ( goo! way to !o this is to 6ro<i!e a short ro! a2out 'G1) in. in !ia+eter cut with a slit in one en! to hol! the wire an! a loo6 +a!e on the other en! to turn with the fingers. The en! of the wire is

*or+ing Eire .oils 6lace! in the slit an! the coil +a!e aroun! the ro! 2y turning with the loo6 en!. P8oto#* )8$"# t8e No*t8 St * %22/' The earth re<ol<ing as u6on an a5is is incline! in such a 6osition that it 6oints towar! the /orth Star. To an o2ser<er in the northern he+is6here the effect is the sa+e as if the hea<ens re<ol<e! with the /orth star as a center. ( 6late e56ose! in a ca+era which is 6ointe! towar! that 6art of the s y on a clear night recor!s that effect in a stri ing +anner. The acco+6anying illustration is fro+ a 6hotogra6h ta en with an e56osure of a2out three hours% an! the trace of the stars shown on the 6late 2y a series of concentric circles are !ue to the rotation of the earth. The 2right arc of the circle nearest the center is the 6ath of the /orth star. The other arcs are the i+6ressions left 2y neigh2oring stars% an! it will 2e notice! that their 2rightness <aries with their relati<e 2rilliancy. Many are so faint as to 2e scarcely !istinguishe!% an!% of course% telesco6ic 6ower woul! re<eal +yria!s of hea<enly 2o!ies which lea<e no trace on a 6late in an or!inary ca+era. The /orth or 6ole star is co++only consi!ere! at a 6oint !irectly out fro+ the a5is of the earth% 2ut the 6hotogra6h shows that it is not so locate!. The <ariation is nown astrono+ically to 2e 1=1GI !eg. There is a slight irregularity in the 6osition of the earthCs a5is% 2ut the changes are so slow as to 2e notice! only 2y the la6se of a thousan! years. *i<e thousan! years ago the 6ole star was Draconis% an! in eighteen thousan! years it will 2e 0yrae. Ee ha<e !irect e<i!ence of the change of the earthCs a5is in one of the #gy6tian 6yra+i!s where an a6erture +ar e! the 6osition of the 6ole star in ancient ti+es% an! fro+ this it is now !e<iate! consi!era2le. This e56eri+ent is within the reach of e<eryone owning a ca+era. The 6hotogra6h shown was ta en 2y an or!inary instru+ent% using a stan!ar! 6late of co++on s6ee!. The largest

sto6 was use! an! the only reJuire+ent 2eyon! this is to a!8ust the ca+era in a 6osition at the 6ro6er inclination an! to +a e the e56osure for as long as !esire!. ,n long winter nights the e56osure +ay 2e e5ten!e! to 1$ hours% in which e<ent the cur<es woul! 2e lengthene! to full half=circles.

7hotogra6h of the /orth Star The /orth star is one of the easiest to locate in the entire hea<ens. The constellation nown as the 9reat Di66er is near 2y% an! the two stars that +ar the corners of the !i66er on the e5tre+ity farthest fro+ the han!le lie in a line that 6asses across the /orth star. These two stars in the 9reat Di66er are calle! the 6ointers. The /orth Star is of consi!era2le 2rilliancy% though 2y no +eans the 2rightest in that 6art of the hea<ens. ==.ontri2ute! 2y ,. S. B. Ho3 to Rel$#8t M t(8 %222'

( +atch +ay 2e a s+all thing on which to 6ractice econo+y an! yet a great +any ti+es one wishes to relight a +atch either for econo+y or necessity. The usual +etho! is to 6lace the 2urnt 6ortion of the +atch in the fla+e to 2e relighte! as shown

in *ig. 1. It is <ery har! to relight the charre! en! an! usually 2urnt fingers are the result of 6ushing the +atch farther in the fla+e. Hol! the 2urnt en! in the fingers an! 6lace the other en! in the fla+e as shown in *ig. $. ( light will 2e secure! Juic ly an! the fla+e will only follow the stic to the ol! 2urnt 6ortion. Ho!e7M de H "d D*$ll %222' In the ol! itchen tool 2o5 I foun! a rusty egg 2eater of the ty6e shown in *ig. 1. (

shoe+a er frien! !onate! a 6egging awl% *ig. $% !iscar!e! 2y hi+ !ue to a 2ro en han!le. Eith these two 6ieces of a66aratus I +a!e a han! !rill for light wor in woo! or +etal. By referring to *ig. ' the chuc % (% with ste+% B% were ta en fro+ the awl. The long wire 2eater was ta en fro+ the 2eater fra+e an! a wire nail% 0% sol!ere! to the fra+e% D% in the 6lace of the wire. The flat ar+s were cut off an! sha6e! as shown 2y #. The hole in the s+all gear% 9% was !rille! out an! a tu2e% *% fitte! an! sol!ere! to 2oth the gear an! the ar+s #. This tu2e% with the gear an! ar+s% was sli66e! o<er the nail% 0% then a washer an!% after cutting to the 6ro6er length the nail was ri<ete! to +a e a loose yet neat fit for the s+all gear. The han! !rill was then co+6lete! 2y sol!ering the ste+% B% of the chuc to the en!s of the flat ar+s #. Drills were +a!e 2y 2rea ing off sewing=+achine nee!les a2o<e the eye as shown in *ig. I at (% an! the en! groun! to a !rill 6oint. ==.ontri2ute! 2y D. B. J.% Shi66ens2urg% 7a.

Details of Han! Drill .onstruction Ho3 to M ,e St t$o" *< W$"d!$ll %225'

( win!+ill that can 2e +a!e stationary an! will run regar!less of the

Duns in (ny Ein! !irection of the win! is here illustrate!. Mills of this in! can 2e 2uilt of larger siBe an! in so+e localities ha<e 2een use! for 6u+6ing water. Two se+i=circular surfaces are secure! to the a5le at right angles to each other an! at IL !eg. angle with that of the a5le as shown in *ig. $. This a5le an! wings are +ounte! in 2earings on a soli! or stationary stan! or fra+e. By +ounting a 6ulley on the a5le with the wings it can 2e use! to run toy +achinery. Ele(t*$( A"e-t8e-$ %225' It is a well nown fact that +agnetis+ is use! to !e+agnetiBe a watch% an! that frost is !rawn out of a froBen +e+2er of the 2o!y 2y the a66lication of snow. Heat is also !rawn out of a 2urne! han! 2y hol!ing it close to the fire% then gra!ually !rawing it away. The following e56eri+ent will show how a co+6arati<ely fee2le electric current can un!o the wor of a strong one. I once trie! to electrocute a rat which was caught in a wire 2as et tra6 an! acci!entally !isco<ere! a 6ainless +etho!. I say 6ainless% 2ecause the ro!ent !oes not o28ect to a secon! or thir! e56eri+ent after reco<ering% an! is a66arently rigi! an! without feeling while un!er its influence.

To those who woul! li e to try the e56eri+ent I will say that +y outfit consiste! of an in!uction coil with a 'G8=in. iron core a2out ' in. long. The 6ri+ary coil was woun! with four layers of /o. $0 wire an! the secon!ary contains I oB. /o. '$ wire% an! use! on one cell of 2ichro+ate of 6otash 6lunge 2attery. The 6ro6er a+ount of current use! can 2e !eter+ine! 2y gi<ing the ro!ent as +uch as a healthy +an woul! care to ta e. *asten one secon!ary electro!e to the tra6 containing the rat an! with a wire nail fastene! to the other ter+inal% hol! the <i2rator of the coil with your finger an! let the rat 2ite on the nail an! while !oing so release the <i2rator. In three secon!s the rat will 2e as rigi! as if !ea! an! the wires can 2e re+o<e!. /ow connect your wires to the 6ri+ary 2in!ing=6osts of the coil an! win! the en! of one of the+ aroun! the ratCs tail an! start the <i2rator. Touch the other ter+inal to the ratCs ear an! nose. In a few +inutes he will 2e as li<ely as e<er. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .has. Haeusser% (l2any% /. -. A S$!)le B tte*< R8eo-t t %225' ( s6ring fro+ an ol! sha!e roller is +ounte! on a 2oar! I in. wi!e% & in. long an! 'G8 in. thic . ( 2in!ing=6ost is fastene! to this 2oar! at each en!% to which is attache! the en!s of the s6ring% as shown in *ig. 1. The te+6er of a s+all 6ortion of each en! of the

Battery Dheostat s6ring will nee! to 2e !rawn. This can 2e acco+6lishe! 2y heating o<er an alcohol la+6 or in a fire an! allowing it to cool slowly. The en!s are then sha6e! to fit the 2in!ing=6osts. ( wire is connecte! to one of the 2in!ing=6osts an! a s+all sJuare 6iece of co66er is attache! to the other en! of the wire% as shown in *ig. $. Ehen this !e<ice is 6lace! in a circuit the current can 2e regulate! 2y sli!ing the s+all sJuare co66er 6iece along the s6ring. ==.ontri2ute! 2y H. D. Har ins% St. 0ouis% Mo. A F* !e 0o* D*<$"# F$l!- %226'

/o !ou2t +any a+ateur 6hotogra6hers are trou2le! a2out !rying fil+s an! to ee6 the+ fro+ curling. The 6ro2le+ +ay 2e sol<e! in the following way4

Ma e a rectangular fra+e out of 6ine woo!% 1GI 2y 1G$ in.% as shown in the s etch. It is +a!e a little wi!er an! a little shorter than the fil+ to 2e !rie!. This will allow the en! of the fil+ to 2e turne! o<er at each en! of the fra+e an! fastene! with 6ush 6ins. Do not stretch the fil+ when 6utting it on the fra+e as it shrin s in !rying. The fil+ will !ry Juic er an! will 2e flat when !rie! 2y using this fra+e. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #l+er H. *lehr% Ironton% ,hio. A Ho!e7M de No1elt< Clo(, %226' This cloc that is shown in the acco+6anying engra<ing is +a!e in scroll wor % the cathe!ral an! towers 2eing of white +a6le% the 2ase is of walnut with +ahogany tri++ings% all finishe! in their natural colors. It has 11 2ells in the two towers at the si!es an! 1'

+iniature electric la+6s of !ifferent colors on two electric circuits. The cloc is o6erate! 2y a s+all +otor recei<ing its 6ower fro+ !ry cell 2atteries. This +otor turns a 2rass cylin!er o<er which runs a continuous roll of 6erforate! 6a6er si+ilar to that use! on a 6ianola. ( series of +etal fingers% connecte! 2y wires to the 2ells% 6ress lightly on this 2rass roll an! are insulate! fro+ the roll 2y the 6erforate! 6a6er 6assing 2etween. Ehen a 6erforation is reache! a finger will +a e a contact with the 2rass roll for an instant which +a es a circuit with the +agnet of an electric ha++er in its res6ecti<e 2ell or for+s the circuit which lights the electric 2ul2s as the case +ay 2e. (t each hour an! half hour as the cloc stri es% the +otor is starte! auto+atically an! the chi+es soun! out the tunes while the colore! lights are turne! on an! offH two s+all !oors in the cathe!ral o6en an! a s+all figure co+es out while the chi+es are 6laying% then returns an! the !oors are close!. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .. V. Bro enic y% Blue Da6i!s% Fansas. Fo4*t87o07?4l< C t )4lt %227' (+ong the nu+erous e5citing a+use+ents in which 2oys +ay 6artici6ate !uring the *ourth=of=July cele2ration is to +a e a cannon that will shoot life=siBe! !u++ies !resse! in ol! clothes. Buil!ing the cannon% as !escri2e! in the following% +a es it safe to fire an! not !angerous to others% 6ro<i!e! care is ta en to 6lace it at an angle of IL !eg. an! not to fire when anyone is within its range. The 6ow!er charge is in the safest for+ 6ossi2le% as it is fire! with a 2low fro+ a ha++er instea! of lighting a fuse. If the cannon is +a!e accor!ing to !irections% there cannot 6ossi2ly 2e any e56losion. The +aterials use! in the construction of the cata6ult +ay 2e foun! in al+ost any 8un 6ile% an! the only wor reJuire!% outsi!e of what can 2e !one at ho+e% is to ha<e a

few threa!s cut on the 6ieces of 6i6e. The fittings can 2e 6rocure! rea!y to attach% e5= ce6t for !rilling a hole for the firing 6in. Secure a 6iece of co++on gas 6i6e% I to ) in. in !ia+eter% the length 2eing fro+ 18 to $I in. ,l! 6i6e +ay 2e use! if it is straight. Ha<e a +achinist cut threa!s on the outsi!e of one en!% as shown in *ig. 1% an! fit an iron ca6% *ig. $% tightly on the threa!e! en! of the 6i6e. The ca6 is !rille! an! ta66e! in the center for a 1=in. 6i6e. Threa! 2oth en!s of a 1=in. 6i6e that is I in. long% *ig. '% an! turn one en! securely into the threa!e! hole of the ca6. This 6i6e shoul! 6ro8ect 1GI in. insi!e of the ca6. *it a ca6% *ig. I% loosely on the other en! of the 1=in. 6i6e. ( hole is !rille! into the center of this s+all ca6 8ust large enough to recei<e a )=6enny wire nail% B% *ig. I.

Ho+e+a!e .annon Ehich will Hurl a 0ife=SiBe Du++y 100 *t. through the (ir This co+6letes the +a ing of the cannon an! the ne5t ste6 is to construct a !u++y which can 2e !resse! in ol! clothes. .ut out two roun! 2loc s of woo! fro+ har! 6ine or oa that is a2out ' in. thic % as shown in *ig. L. The !ia+eter of these 2loc s shoul! 2e a2out 1G8 in. less than the hole in the cannon% so they will sli!e easily. In the center of each 2loc 2ore a 1GI=in. hole. Secure an iron ro!% a2out I ft. long% an! +a e a ring at one en! an! threa! I in. of the other. Sli6 one of the circular 2loc s on the ro! an! +o<e it u6 towar! the ring a2out 1I in. Turn a nut on the threa!s% sto66ing it a2out '=1G$ in. fro+ the en! of the ro!. Sli6 the other circular 6iece of woo! on the ro! an! u6 against the nut% an! turn on another nut to hol! the woo!en 2loc fir+ly in its 6lace at the en! of the ro!. If the ro! is flattene! at the 6lace where the u66er 2loc is locate!% it will hol! tight. These are shown in *ig. L. Ta e so+e iron wire a2out 1G8 in. in !ia+eter an! +a e a loo6 at the to6 of the ro! for the hea!. Eire this loo6 to the ring +a!e in the ro! an! +a e the hea! a2out this loo6 2y using can<as or gunny cloth sewe! u6 for+ing a 2ag into which is stuffe! either e5celsior% 6a6er or hay. The ar+s are +a!e 2y lashing with fine wire or strong he+6% a 6iece of woo! 1 in. sJuare an! $0 in. long% or one cut in the sha6e shown in *ig. )% to the ro!. 7lace the woo! ar+s close to the 2otto+ of the hea!. Ma e a triangle of wire an! fasten it an! the cross ar+ securely to the to6 of the ro! to ee6 the+ fro+ sli66ing !own. ( false face% or one 6ainte! on white cloth% can 2e sewe! on the stuffe! 2ag. (n ol! coat an! trousers are 6ut on the fra+e to co+6lete the !u++y. If the clothing is not too hea<y an! of white +aterial so +uch the 2etter. To greatly increase the s6ectacular flight through the air% a nu+2er of !ifferent colore! strea+ers% ) or 8 in. wi!e an! se<eral feet in length +a!e fro+ 2unting% can 2e attache! a2out the waist of the !u++y. The co+6lete !u++y shoul! not weigh +ore than ) l2. The cannon is +ounte! on a 2oar! with the ca6 en! resting against a cleat which is securely naile! to the 2oar! an! then 2oun! tightly with a ro6e as shown in *ig. 8. 0ay one en! of the 2oar! on the groun! an! 6lace the other on 2o5es or su66orts sufficiently high to incline it at an angle of a2out IL. !eg. #nough of the 2oar! shoul! 6ro8ect 2eyon! the en! of the cannon on which to lay the !u++y. Ehen co+6lete! as !escri2e!% it is then rea!y to loa! an! fire. .lear away e<eryone in front an! on each si!e of the cannon% as the !u++y will fly fro+ L0 to 100 ft. an! no one +ust 2e in range of its flight. This is i+6ortant% as the ro! of

the fra+e hol!ing the clothes will 6enetrate a 2oar! at short range. (n or!inary shot gun cartri!ge of the 6a6er shell ty6e is use! for the charge an! it +ust 2e loa!e! with 6ow!er only. .oarse 2lac 6ow!er is the 2est% hut any siBe will !o. Ehen loa!ingZ the ro! with the woo!en 2loc s% on which the !u++y is attache!% !o not 6lace the en! 2loc against the 2reech en! of the cannon% lea<e a2out $ or ' in. 2etween the en! of the cannon an! the 2loc . Insert the cartri!ge in the 1=in. 6i6e. The cartri!ge shoul! fit the 6i6e snug% which it will !o if the 6ro6er siBe is secure!. Screw on the firing=ca6% insert the wire nail firing 6in until it rests against the firing=ca6 of the cartri!ge. If the range is clear the firing +ay 2e !one 2y gi<ing the nail a shar6 ra6 with a ha++er. ( lou! re6ort will follow with a clou! of s+o e an! the !u++y will 2e seen flying through the air% the ar+s% legs an! strea+ers fluttering% which 6resents a +ost realistic an! life=li e a66earance. The firing +ay 2e re6eate! any nu+2er of ti+es in the sa+e +anner. Ho3 to M ,e M$"$ t4*e Vol( "o %228'

( toy <olcano that will sen! forth fla+es an! ashes with la<a strea+ing !own its si!es in real <olcanic action can 2e +a!e 2y any 2oy without any +ore !anger than firing an or!inary fire=crac er. ( +oun! of san! or earth is 2uilt u6 a2out 1 ft. high in the sha6e of a <olcano. Doll u6 a 6iece of hea<y 6a6er% +a ing a tu2e L in. long an! 1=1G$ in. in !ia+eter. This tu2e of 6a6er is 6lace! in the to6 of the +oun! 2y first setting it u6on a flat sheet of 6a6er an! 2uil!ing u6 the san! or

Volcano in (ction earth a2out the si!es until it is all co<ere! e5ce6ting the to6 o6ening. This is to ee6 all !a+6ness away fro+ the +i5ture to 2e 6lace! within. ( fuse fro+ a fire=crac er% or one +a!e 2y win!ing so+e 6ow!er in tissue 6a6er% is 6lace! in the 6a6er tu2e of the <olcano with one en! e5ten!ing o<er the e!ge. 9et so+e 6otash fro+ a !rug store an! 2e sure to state the 6ur6ose for which it is wante!% as there are nu+erous in!s of 6otash that will not 2e suita2le. (n eJual a+ount of sugar is +i5e! with the 6otash an! 6lace! in the 6a6er tu2e. ,n to6 of this 6ut a layer of 6ure 6otash an! on this 6our so+e gun 6ow!er. This co+6letes the <olcano an! it only re+ains for the fuse to 2e lighte! an! action will 2egin with an e56losion which sen!s fire% s+o e an! s6ar s u6war!. *la+es will follow an! the la<a 6ours !own the si!es of the +oun!. W$*e Loo) Co""e(t$o"- 0o* B tte*< B$"d$"#7Po-t- %22:' The trou2le with 2attery 2in!ing 6ost connections can 2e a<oi!e! 2y win!ing the 2are en! of the connecting wire aroun! the 2in!ing=6ost screw an! then 2ac aroun! its e5ten!ing length as shown in the s etch. (lways screw !own 6er+anent connections with 6liers.

Melt$"# Met l $" t8e Fl !e o0

M t(8 %22:'

The fla+e of an or!inary +atch has a +uch higher te+6erature than is generally nown an! will +elt cast=iron or steel filings. Try it 2y stri ing a +atch an! s6rin le the filings through the fla+e. S6uttering s6ar s li e gun6ow!er will 2e the result of the +elting +etal. R4--$ " S=4$**el- %22:' The sJuirrel slaughter of Dussia a+ounts to $L%000%000 6er year. L "d-( )e D* 3$"# M de E -< %22:' Eith this !e<ice anyone% no +atter how little his artistic a2ility +ay 2e% can !raw accurately an! Juic ly any little 2it of scenery or other su28ect an! get e<erything in the true 6ers6ecti<e an! in the correct 6ro6ortion.

Drawing with the (i! of Deflecting 9lasses /o lens is reJuire! for +a ing this ca+era=8ust a 6lain +irror set at an angle of IL !eg.% with a 6iece of or!inary glass un!erneath% a screen with a 6ee hole an! a 2oar! for hol!ing the !rawing 6a6er. The !ifferent 6arts +ay 2e fastene! together 2y +eans of a 2o5 fra+e% or +ay 2e hinge! together to allow fol!ing u6 when carrying an! a goo! tri6o! of hea<y !esign shoul! 2e use! for su66orting it. In or!er to get the 2est results the screen shoul! 2e 2lac ene! on the insi!e an! the eye6iece shoul! 2e 2lac ene! on the si!e ne5t to the eye. ( 6iece of 2lac car!2oar! 6lace! o<er the en! of the eye6iece an! 6erforate! with a 6in +a es an e5cellent 6ee hole. In o6eration the rays of light co+ing fro+ any gi<en o28ect% such as the arrow (B% stri e the incline! +irror an! are reflecte! !ownwar!. ,n stri ing the incline! glass a 6ortion of the light is again reflecte! an! the rays entering the eye of the o6erator 6ro!uce the <irtual i+age on the 6a6er as shown. The general outlines +ay 2e s etche! in Juic ly% lea<ing the !etails to 2e wor e! u6 later. This arrange+ent +ay 2e use! for interior wor when the illu+ination is goo!. I**$# t$"# 3$t8 To! to C "- %250' The following is an easy an! effecti<e way to start 6lants in !ry weather4 Sin an or!inary to+ato can% with a 1G8=in. hole 1G$ in. fro+ the 2otto+% in the groun! so that the hole will 2e near the roots of the 6lant. Ta+6 the !irt aroun! 2oth 6lant an! can% an! fill the latter with water. Fee6 the can fille! until the 6lant is out of !anger. ==

.ontri2ute! 2y 0. 0. Schweiger% Fansas .ity% Mo.

Fo4"t $" 0o* " O*d$" *< Pe" %250' Ta e two steel 6ens% not the straight in!% an! 6lace the+ together% one a2o<e the other% in the 6enhol!er.

Two 7ens In Hol!er Eith one !i6 of in )0 or 70 wor!s +ay 2e written. This sa<es ti+e an! the arrange+ent also 6re<ents the in fro+ !ro66ing off the 6en. ==.ontri2ute! 2y 0. M. 0ytle% Ferr+oor% 7a. Ho!e! de Mo4-et* ) %250' Bore a 1=in. hole% a2out $ in. !ee6% in a 2loc of woo! an! !ri<e a s+all nail with a shar6 6oint at an angle so it will 6ro8ect into the hole a2out half way 2etween the to6 an! 2otto+% an! in the center of the hole% as shown.

Hole In Eoo! Bloc *ile the en! <ery shar6 an! 2en! it !own so that when the +ouse 6ushes its hea! 6ast it in trying to get the 2ait at the 2otto+ of the hole% the shar6 6oint will catch it when it tries to 2ac out. (l+ost anyone can +a e this tra6 in a short ti+e% an! it will catch the +ice as surely as a +ore ela2orate tra6. Cle * W 9 I!)*e--$o"- 0*o! Se l- %250' ( !ie +ust 2e slightly !a+6 to +a e clear i+6ressions on sealing wa5 an! to ee6 it fro+ stic ing to the wa5. ( <ery han!y way to +oisten the !ie is to use a 6a! +a!e 2y tac ing two 6ieces of 2lotting 6a6er an! one of

Blotter 7a! cloth to a woo!en 2loc of suita2le siBe% an! saturate the 2lotters with water 2efore using. Sta+6 the !ie on the 6a! an! then on the hot wa5. The result will 2e a clear%

rea!a2le i+6ression. ==.ontri2ute! 2y *re! Schu+acher% Broo lyn% /. -. A W$"do3 St$(, %250' (lthough the win!ows in factories an! houses are usually 6ro<i!e! with weights% yet the stic shown in the s etch will 2e foun! <ery han!y in case all of the win!ows are not so eJui66e!. It is +a!e of a 6iece of 6ine woo! long

/otches In Stic enough to hol! the lower sash at a height e<en with the 2otto+ of the u66er% an! a2out 1=1G$ or $ in. wi!e. /otches +ay 2e cut in the stic as shown% each 2eing wi!e enough to fir+ly hol! the sash. Thus% with the stic illustrate!% the sash +ay 2e hel! at three !ifferent heights on the si!e (% an! at still another on the si!e B. =.ontri2ute! 2y Fatharine D. Morse% Syracuse% /. -. Ho3 to M ,e C "oe %25&'

( 6ractical an! ser<icea2le canoe% one that is ine56ensi<e% can 2e 2uilt 2y any 2oy% who can wiel! ha++er an! saw% 2y closely following the instructions an! !rawings% gi<en in this article.

.anoe an! Mol!s Details It is well to stu!y these carefully 2efore 2eginning the actual wor . Thus an un!erstan!ing will 2e gaine! of how the 6arts fit together% an! of the way to 6rocee! with the wor . Di+ensione! !rawings of the canoe an! +ol!s are containe! in *ig. 1. The 2oat is 2uilt on a te+6orary 2ase% (% *ig. $% which is a 2oar!% 1I ft. 1 in. long% ' in. wi!e an! 1= 1G$ in. thic . This 2ase is fastene! to the trestles an! !i<i!e! into four sections% the sections on each si!e of the center 2eing I ft. long. The ne5t thing to 2e consi!ere! are the +ol!s :*ig. ';. These are +a!e of 1=in. +aterial. Scra6 6ieces +ay 2e foun! that can 2e use! for these +ol!s. The !i+ensions gi<en in *ig 1 are for one=half of each for+ as shown in *ig. '% un!er their res6ecti<e letters. The +ol!s are then te+6orarily attache! to the 2ase on the !i<ision lines. 7rocee! to +a e the cur<e! en!s as shown in *ig. I. Two 6ieces of

Sha6ing the .anoe straight=graine! green el+% '$ in. long% 1='GI, in. wi!e an! 1 in. thic % will 2e reJuire!. The el+ can 2e o2taine! fro+ a carriage or 2lac s+ithCs sho6. The 6ieces are 2ent 2y wra66ing a 6iece of wire aroun! the u66er en! an! 2ase2oar!. The 8oint 2etween the cur<e! 6iece an! the 2ase is te+6orary. 7lace a stic 2etween the wires an! twist the+ until the reJuire! sha6e is secure!. If the woo! !oes not 2en! rea!ily% soa it in 2oiling water. The <ertical height an! the horiBontal length of this 2en! are shown in *ig. I. The twiste! wire will gi<e the right cur<e an! hol! the woo! in sha6e until it is !ry. The gunwales are the long 6ieces B% *ig. $% at the to6 of the canoe. These are +a!e of stri6s of ash% 1L ft. long% 1 in. wi!e an! 1 in. thic . *asten the+ te+6orarily to the +ol!s% ta ing care to ha<e the+ snugly fit the notches shown. The en!s fit o<er the outsi!e of the ste+ an! stern 6ieces an! are cut to for+ a shar6 6oint% as shown in *ig. L. The en!s of the gunwales are fastene! 6er+anently to the u66er en!s of the 2ent ste+ an! stern 6ieces with se<eral screws. Two other light stri6s% . an! D% *ig. $% are te+6orarily 6ut in% an! e<enly s6ace! 2etween the gunwales an! the 2otto+ 2oar!. These stri6s are use! to gi<e the for+ to the ri2s% an! are re+o<e! when they ha<e ser<e! their 6ur6ose.

.onstruction of the Various 7arts The ri2s are now 6ut in 6lace. They are for+e! of stri6s of well seasone! el+ or hic ory% soa e! in 2oiling water until they 2en! without 2rea ing or crac ing. #ach ri2 shoul! 2e 1=1G$ in.

7a!!le 7arts wi!e% 'G8 in. thic an! long enough to reach the !istance 2etween the gunwales after the 2en! is +a!e. The ri2s are 6lace! 1 in. a6art. Begin 2y 6lacing a ri2 in the center of the 2ase an! on the u66er si!e. /ail it te+6orarily% yet securely% an! then cur<e the en!s an! 6lace the+ insi!e of the gunwales% as shown in *ig. ). *asten the en!s of the ri2 to the gunwales with 1=in. gal<aniBe! 2ra!s. This +etho! is use! in 6lacing all the ri2s. Ehen the ri2s are set% re+o<e the 6ieces . an! D% *ig. $% an! the +ol!s. ( stri6 is now 6ut in to ta e the 6lace of the 2ase. This stri6 is 1='GI in. wi!e% 1G$ in. thic an! long enough to reach the entire length of the 2otto+ of the canoe. It is fastene!

with screws on the insi!e% as shown in *ig. 7% an! the en!s are la6=8ointe! to the ste+ an! stern 6ieces as shown in *ig. I. Ehen this 6iece is fastene! in 6lace% the 2ase can 2e re+o<e!. The seats are attache! as shown in *ig. 8% an! the s+all 6ieces for each en! are fitte! as shown in *ig. &. The fra+e of the canoe is now rea!y to 2e co<ere!. This will reJuire L=1G$ y!. of e5tra=hea<y can<as. Turn the fra+ewor of the canoe u6si!e !own an! 6lace the can<as on it. The center of the can<as is locate! an! tac e! to the center stri6 of the canoe at the 6oints where ri2s are attache!. .o66er tac s shoul! 2e use!. The can<as is then tac e! to the ri2s% 2eginning at the center ri2 an! wor ing towar! each en!% carefully !rawing the can<as as tightly as 6ossi2le an! ee6ing it straight. (t the en!s the can<as is s6lit in the center an! la66e! o<er the 2ent woo!. The sur6lus can<as is cut off. ( thin coat of glue is 6ut on% to shrin the cloth an! +a e it water6roof. The glue shoul! 2e 6ow!ere! an! 2rought into liJui! for+ in a !ou2le 2oiler. ( thin coat of this is a66lie! with a 6aint2rush. ( s+all eel +a!e of a stri6 of woo! is 6lace! on the 2otto+ to 6rotect it when +a ing a lan!ing on san! an! stones in shallow

( Single 7a!!le water. Ehen the glue is thoroughly !ry the can<as is co<ere! with two coats of 6aint% +a!e u6 in any color with the 2est lea! an! 2oile! linsee! oil. The insi!e is coate! with s6ar <arnish to gi<e it a woo! color. The 6a!!les +ay 2e +a!e u6 in two ways% single or !ou2le. The !ou2le 6a!!le has a hic ory 6ole% 7 ft. long an! $ in. in !ia+eter% for its center 6art. The 6a!!le is +a!e as shown in *ig. 10% of ash or cy6ress. It is 1$ in. long% an! 8 in. wi!e at the wi!est 6art. The 6a!!le en! fits into a notch cut in the en! of the 6ole :*ig. 11;. ( shiel! is +a!e of a 6iece of tin or ru22er an! 6lace! aroun! the 6ole near the 6a!!le to 6re<ent the water fro+ running to the center as the 6ole is ti66e! fro+ si!e to si!e. The co+6lete 6a!!le is shown in *ig. 1$. ( single 6a!!le is +a!e as shown in *ig. 1'. This is +a!e of ash or any other tough woo!. The !i+ensions gi<en in the s etch are sufficient without a !escri6tion. T8o*"- U-ed - Needle- o" P8o"o#* )8 %25/'

Very shar6 thorns can 2e use! successfully as 6honogra6h nee!les. These su2stitutes will re6ro!uce soun! <ery clearly an! with 2eautiful tone. The harsh scratching of the or!inary nee!le is re!uce! to a +ini+u+% an! the thorn is not in8urious to the recor!. Tool H "#e*- %25/' ( tool rac that is ser<icea2le for al+ost any in! of a tool +ay 2e +a!e

2y 6lacing rows of !ifferent=siBe screw eyes on a wall close to the wor 2ench% so that files% chisels% 6liers an! other tools% an! the han!les of ha++ers can 2e sli66e! through the eyes. ( 6lace for e<ery tool sa<es ti+e% an! 2esi!es% when the tools are hung u6 se6arately% they are less li ely to 2e !a+age!% than when e6t together on the wor 2ench. C8$ld;- Foot*e-t o" " O*d$" *< C8 $* %25/' S+all chairs are en8oye! <ery +uch 2y chil!ren for the reason that they can rest their feet on the floor. In +any househol!s there are no s+all chairs for the youngsters% an! they ha<e to use larger ones. Two things result% the chil!Cs legs 2eco+e tire! fro+ !angling unsu66orte! or 2y trying to su66ort the+ on the stretchers% an! the finish on the chair is a6t to

*ootrest on .hair 2e scratche!. The !e<ice shown in the s etch for+s a footrest or ste6 that can 2e 6lace! on any chair. It can 2e 6ut on or ta en off in a +o+ent. Two suita2le 6ieces of woo! are naile! together at an angle an! a s+all notch cut out% as shown% to fit the chair stretcher. D*<$"# P8oto Po-t l C *d- %25/' ( no<el i!ea for !rying 6hoto 6ostal car!s co+es fro+ a *rench +agaBine. The !rying of the car!s ta es a long ti+e on account of their thic ness% 2ut +ay 2e hastene! 2y using corrugate! 6a6er for 6ac ing 2ottles as a !rying stan!. .ur<e the car!s% 6rinte! si!e u6% an! 6lace the en!s 2etween two

.ar! on Dryer corrugations at a con<enient !istance a6art. They will thus 2e hel! fir+ly while the air

can circulate freely all aroun! the+. P*e-e*1$"# >e< Fo*!- %252' (fter losing a ey or two an! ha<ing so+e !ifficulty in re6lacing the+% I use! the +etho! shown in the s etch

Fey *or+s .ut in 7a6er to 6reser<e the outlines for +a ing new ones. (ll the eys I ha! were trace! on a 6iece of 6a6er an! their for+s cut out with a 6air of shears. Ehen a ey was lost% another coul! thus 2e easily +a!e 2y using the 6a6er for+ as a 6attern. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #rnest Eea<er% Santa (nna% Te5as. Re"e3$"# T<)e3*$te* R$..o"- %252' Doll the ri22on on a s6ool an! +eanwhile a66ly a little glycerine with a fountain=6en filler. Doll u6 tightly an! lay asi!e for a wee or ten !ays. Do not a66ly too +uch glycerine as this will +a e the ri22on stic y==a <ery little% well s6rea!% is enough. The sa+e a66lication will also wor well on in 6a!s. ==.ontri2ute! 2y #arl D. Hastings% .orinth% Vt. D*$",$"# T*o4#8 0o* C8$(,e"- %252' ( Juic ly +a!e an! sanitary !rin ing trough for chic ens is for+e! of a 6iece of or!inary two or three=6ly roofing 6a6er. The 6a6er is lai! out as shown% an! the e!ges are ce+ente! with as6haltu+ an! then tac e! to the si!e of a fence or she!.

Trough of Doofing 7a6er O*d$" *< Pe" U-ed Fo4"t $" Pe" %252'

It is a <ery si+6le +atter to +a e a goo! fountain 6en out of an or!inary 6en an! hol!er. The !e<ice is in the for+ of an attach+ent rea!ily connecte! to or re+o<e! fro+ any or!inary 6en an! hol!er% although the chances are that when once use! it will not 2e !etache! until a new 6en is nee!e!. Ta e the 2utt en! of a Juill% (% fro+ a chic en% goose or tur ey feather==the latter 6referre! as it will hol! +ore in ==an! clean out the +e+2rane in it thoroughly with a wire or hat6in. Then +a e a hole in the ta6ere! en! of the Juill 8ust large enough to 6ull through a 6iece of cotton string. Tie a not in one en! of this string% B% an! 6ull it through the s+all en! of the Juill until the not cho es within% then cut off the string so that only 1GI in. 6ro8ects. Sha<e out a s+all sto66er fro+ a 2ottle cor for the large en!

*ountain (ttach+ent of the Juill. This co+6letes the in reser<oir. 7lace the Juill on to6 of the 6enhol!er .% so that its s+all en! rests against the 6en i++e!iately a2o<e its eye. 7ull the string through this eye. Securely 2in! the Juill to the 6en an! hol!er with a threa!% as shown% first 6lacing un!er it a we!ge=sha6e! su66ort of cor or woo!% D% hollowe! on 2oth si!es to fit the cur<e! surfaces of the Juill an! hol!er. The illustration shows the !etail clearly. To fill the reser<oir 6lace the 6en u6right on its 6oint an! !i6 a s+all ca+elCs=hair 2rush or cloth=2oun! tooth6ic into the in 2ottle an! Nscra6eN off the in it will hol! on the inner e!ge of the Juill. .or tightly% an! the !e<ice is rea!y for use. Ehen not in use 6lace the hol!er at an angle with the 6en u66er+ost. ==.ontri2ute! 2y .helsea .. *raser% Saginaw% Michigan. Ho3 to Co"-t*4(t S! ll T8e*!o-t t %255' By D. (. Mc.01D#

It is a well nown fact% that there is a change in the !i+ensions of a 6iece of +etal% !ue to a change in its te+6erature. This change in !i+ensions is not the sa+e for all +aterialsH it 2eing +uch greater in so+e

Si+6le Ther+ostat

.ou6le an! Mounting Stri6

+aterials than in others% while in so+e there is 6ractically no change. If two thin% narrow stri6s of !ifferent +etals% that contract or e56an! at !ifferent ratio !ue to a <ariation in te+6erature% 2e rigi!ly fastene! together at their en!s% an! the co+2ination then heate! or coole!% the co+2ine! 6iece will ha<e its sha6e change!. ,ne of the 6ieces will increase in length +ore than the other% !ue to a rise in te+6erature% an! this sa+e 6iece will !ecrease in length +ore than the other when su28ecte! to a !ecrease in te+6erature. If one en! of this co+2ine! 6iece 2e rigi!ly cla+6e! to a su66ort% as shown in *ig. 1% an! the co+2ination then ha<e its te+6erature change!% the free en! will +o<e to the right or left of its original 6osition% !e6en!ing u6on which of the 6ieces changes in length the +ore. If there is a rise in te+6erature an! the right=han! 6iece B increases in length faster than the left=han! 6iece (% the free en! of the co+2ine! 6iece win +o<e to the left of its original 6osition. If% on the other han!% there is a !ecrease in te+6erature% the right=han! 6iece will !ecrease in length +ore than the left=han! 6iece% an! the u66er or free en! will +o<e to the right of its original 6osition. Such a co+2ination of two +etals constitutes a si+6le ther+ostat. If the +o<e+ent of the free en! of the co+2ination 2e +a!e to actuate a nee!le +o<ing o<er a 6ro6erly cal= i2rate! scale. we ha<e a si+6le for+ of ther+o+eter. If two electrical contacts% ..% 2e +ounte! on the right an! left=han! si!es of the u66er en! of the co+2ine! 6iece% as shown in *ig. 1% we ha<e a ther+ostat that +ay 2e use! in closing an electrical circuit when the te+6erature of the roo+ in which it is 6lace! rises or falls a certain <alue. These contacts shoul! 2e so arrange! that they can 2e +o<e! towar! or away fro+ the

co+2ine! 6iece in!e6en!ently. By a!8usting the 6osition of these contacts% the electrical circuit will 2e close! when the te+6erature of the ther+ostat has reache! an e56eri+entally 6re!eter+ine! <alue. The following !escri6tion is that of a ther+ostat% constructe! 2y the author of this article% which ga<e <ery satisfactory results. *irst o2tain a 6iece of steel% ) in. long% LG8 in. wi!e an! $G100 in. thic % an! a 6iece of 2rass% ) in. long% LG8 in. wi!e an! 'G100 in. thic . .lean one si!e of each of these 6ieces an! tin the+ well with sol!er. 7lace the two tinne! surfaces 8ust treate! in contact with each other an! heat the+ until the sol!er on their surfaces +elts an! then allow the+ to cool. ( 2etter way woul! 2e to cla+6 the two thin 6ieces 2etween two hea<y +etal 6ieces% an! then heat the whole to such a te+6erature that the sol!er will +elt% an! then allow it to cool. This last +etho! will gi<e +ore satisfactory results than woul! 2e o2taine! if no cla+6s are use!% as the thin +etal 6ieces are lia2le to 2en!

Su66ort for .ou6le% an! /ee!le=Mounting Stri6 out of sha6e when they are heate!% an! as a result they will not 2e in contact with each other o<er their entire surfaces. (fter these 6ieces ha<e 2een sol!ere! together for+ing one 6iece% which we shall for con<enience s6ea of as the cou6le% two s+all holes shoul! 2e !rille! in one en! to 2e use! in +ounting it% an! a notch cut in the other en!% as shown in *ig. $. .ut fro+ so+e thin sheet 2rass% a2out $G100 in. in thic ness% two 6ieces% 1GI in. wi!e an! 1G$ in. long. Ben! these 6ieces of 2rass o<er a 6iece of hat6in wire% thus for+ing two V=sha6e! 6ieces. .ut off a 6iece of the hat6in% LG8 in. long% an! fasten it across the notche! en! of the cou6le 2y +eans of the 1=sha6e! 6iece of 2rass% which shoul! 2e sol!ere! in 6lace as shown in *ig. '. (ll su6erfluous sol!er shoul! then 2e cleane! fro+ the cou6le an! the steel 6in. /ow 2en! the cou6le so as to for+ a 6erfect half circle% the 2rass 2eing on the insi!e. The 2ase u6on which this cou6le is to 2e +ounte! shoul! 2e +a!e as follows4 ,2tain a 6iece of 2rass% 7 in. long% 'GI in. wi!e% an! 1GI in. thic . In this 6iece !rill holes% as in!icate! in *ig. I% e5ce6t (% which will 2e !rille! later. Ta6 the holes B% . an! D for 1G8=in. +achine screws. .ut fro+ so+e 1G8=in. sheet 2rass a 6iece% 1=7G8 in. long an! 'GI in. wi!e% to 2e use! as a su66ort for the cou6le. In one en! of this 6iece !rill two s+all holes% as in!icate! in *ig. L% an! ta6 the+ for 'G1)=in. +achine screws. In the o66osite en! cut a slot% whose !i+ensions corres6on! to those gi<en in *ig. L. /ow 2en! the 6iece% at the !otte! line in *ig. L% into the for+ shown in *ig. )% +a ing sure that the !i+ension gi<en is correct. This 6iece can now 2e +ounte! u6on the 6iece shown in *ig. I% 2y +eans of two 2rass +achine screws 6lace! in the holes B. The slot in the su66ort for the cou6le will 6er+it its 2eing +o<e! along the +ounting stri6% the 6ur6ose of which will 2e shown later. /e5t cut another 6iece of 1G8=in. 2rass% $='GI in. long an! LG8 in. wi!e. In this 6iece !rill two 1G8=in. holes% as in!icate! in *ig. 7% an! then 2en! it at the !otte! lines into the for+ shown in *ig. 8. Mount this stri6 u6on the +ain +ounting stri6 2y +eans of two 2rass +achine screws 6lace! in the holes .% so that the u66er 6art is o<er the center= 6unch +ar for the hole ( in the +ain +ounting stri6. -ou are now rea!y to !rill the hole (% which shoul! 2e !one as follows4 De+o<e the 6iece you last +ounte! an! then cla+6 the +ain +ounting stri6 in the !rill 6ress so that the center=6unch +ar for the hole ( is !irectly un!er the 6oint of the !rill. Then re+ount the 6iece you 8ust re+o<e!% without !istur2ing the 6iece you cla+6e! in the !rill 6ress% an! !rill a s+all hole through 2oth 6ieces. This hole shoul! 2e a2out 'G)I in. in !ia+eter. (fter this s+all hole has 2een !rille! through 2oth 6ieces% a countersin

shoul! 2e 6lace! in the !rill chuc an! the hole in the u66er 6iece countersun to a !e6th eJual to half the thic ness of the +etal in which it is !rille!. 1ncla+6 the 6ieces fro+ the !rill 6ress% turn the+ o<er% an! countersin the s+all hole in what was originally the lower 6iece. The o28ect of countersin ing these holes is to re!uce the 2earing surface of a s+all shaft that is to 2e su66orte! in the holes an! +ust 2e as free fro+ friction as 6ossi2le. Ee +ay now construct the nee!le% or +o<ing 6ortion of the ther+ostat% which shoul! 2e !one as follows4 The shaft that is to carry the +o<ing syste+ +ust 2e +a!e fro+ a 6iece of steel ro!% a2out 'G'$ in. in !ia+eter. Its !i+ensions shoul! corres6on! to those gi<en in *ig. &. .onsi!era2le care shoul! 2e use! in turning this shaft !own% to +a e sure that it fits 6erfectly in the s+all holes in the su66orting 6ieces. The shaft shoul! turn freely% 2ut it +ust not 2e loose in the holes% nor shoul! it ha<e 2ut a <ery s+all en! 6lay. .ut fro+ so+e 1G'$=in. sheet 2rass a 6iece whose !i+ensions corres6on! to those gi<en in *ig. 10. Drill a 1G8=in. hole% (% in this 6iece% an! cut a slot% B% fro+ one si!e of the 6iece into this hole% an! a secon! slot% .% along the center of the 6iece as in!icate! in the figure. .onsi!era2le care shoul! 2e e5ercise! in cutting the slot .% so that its 2rea!th is e5actly eJual to the !ia+eter of the 6iece of steel wire fastene! on the en! of the cou6le. (lso +a e sure to get the si!es of this slot 6erfectly s+ooth. .ut fro+ so+e 1G8= in. 2rass a !is ha<ing a !ia+eter of 1G$ in.% an! sol!er it to the en! of the nee!le. The !otte! line in *ig. 10 in!icates the 6ro6er 6osition of the !is . /ow !rill a hole% D% through the !is an! nee!le% of such a !ia+eter that consi!era2le force +ust 2e a66lie! to the steel shaft you ha<e alrea!y +a!e% in or!er to force it through the hole. *orce the shaft

Shaft for /ee!le an! /ee!le through this hole until the nee!le is e5actly in the center of the shaft. The 6arts of the ther+ostat thus far +a!e can now 2e asse+2le!. 7lace the steel shaft in its 2earings an! see that it turns 6erfectly free. Then 6lace the steel 6in% on the en! of the cou6le% in the slot .% an! fasten the

Eiring Diagra+ for ,ne an! Two Bells other en! of the cou6le% 2y +eans of two +achine screws% to the su66ort +a!e for the cou6le. Increase or !ecrease the te+6erature of the ther+ostat an! note the results. If e<erything is wor ing all right% the en! of the nee!le shoul! +o<e when the te+6erature

of the ther+ostat is change!. The a+ount the en! of the nee!le +o<es can 2e easily change! 2y +o<ing the su66ort or the cou6le towar! or away fro+ the shaft su66orting the nee!le% which changes the 6osition of the steel 6in in the slot .. The nearer the steel 6in is to the shaft su66orting the nee!le% the greater the +o<e+ent of the en! of the nee!le !ue to a gi<en change in te+6erature. ( s+all 6iece of white car!2oar! can 2e +ounte! !irectly un!er the en! of the nee!le 2y +eans of s+all 2rass stri6s% that in turn can 2e attache! to the lower en!s of the +ain +ounting holes D% *ig. I. ( scale can 2e +ar e! on this 6iece of car!2oar! 2y noting the 6osition of the nee!le corres6on!ing to !ifferent te+6eratures as !eter+ine! 2y a ther+o+eter. Ehen this scale has 2een co+6lete!% you can use the ther+ostat as a ther+o+eter. Two contacts +ay 2e +ounte!% one on each si!e of the nee!le% in a +anner si+ilar to the +etho! suggeste! for +ounting the car!2oar!. These contacts shoul! 2e so constructe! that the en! of the nee!le will sli!e o<er the+ with little friction% an! so that their 6osition with res6ect to the en! of the nee!le +ay 2e easily change!.

(sse+2le! Ther+ostat Both contacts +ust 2e insulate! fro+ the re+ain!er of the ther+ostat% an! +ay or +ay not 2e connecte! together% !e6en!ing on how the ther+ostat is to 2e use!. It woul! 2e a!<isa2le% if 6ossi2le% to ha<e the 6art of the nee!le that touches the contact 6oints% as well as these 6oints% of 6latinu+% as the arc that is li ely to 2e for+e! will not !estroy the 6latinu+ as easily as it will the 2rass. ( s+all woo!en containing case can now 2e +a!e an! the ther+ostat is co+6lete. There shoul! 2e a large nu+2er of holes !rille! in the si!es% en!s an! 2ac of the case so that the air insi!e +ay 2e always of the sa+e te+6erature as the outsi!e air. In a!8usting% testing% or cali2rating your ther+ostat% +a e sure that it is in the sa+e 6osition that it will 2e in when in use. The connections of the ther+ostat for ringing one 2ell when the te+6erature rises or falls to a certain <alue% are shown in *ig. 11. The connections of the ther+ostat for ringing one 2ell when the te+6erature rises to a certain <alue an! another 2ell when the te+6erature falls to a certain <alue% are shown in *ig. 1$. The co+6lete ther+ostat is shown in *ig. 1'. A T $lle-- >$te %258' The fra+e of a '=ft. ite is +a!e of two stic s% each ' ft. long. These are tie! together so that the cross stic will 2e at a !istance of 1L 6er cent of the full length of the u6right stic % fro+ its en!% or in this case L.I in. The stic s +ay 2e +a!e of straight graine! 6ine% 'G8 in. sJuare% for s+all ites% an! larger har!woo! stic s% for larger ites. The cross stic is 2ent into a 2ow 2y tying a strong cor! across fro+ en! to en!. The center of the 2en! shoul! 2e I=1G$ in. a2o<e the en!s. The 2en! is shown in the s etch. .onnect all four en!s or 6oints with a cor!% 2eing careful not to 6ull the 2en! of the cross stic !own% 2ut seeing that it re+ains straight across the ite. Ehen this is !one the fra+e is rea!y for the co<er.

7lan an! Di+ensions for Fite The co<er will reJuire $=1G$ sheets of tissue 6a6er% $0 2y '0 in.% which shoul! 2e 6aste! together as the s etch in!icates. .ut out the 6a6er% allowing $ in. +argin for la66ing o<er the cor! on the fra+e. 7lace the fra+e on the co<er with the con<e5 si!e towar! the 6a6er an! 6aste the +argin o<er the cor!% allowing the 6a6er to 2ag a little to for+ 6oc ets for the air to lift the ite. The corners shoul! 2e reinforce! with circular 6ieces of 6a6er 6aste! o<er the en!s of the stic s. The flying cor! is attache! to the 6oints ( an! B of the fra+e. There is no cross cor!. The ite will fly at right angles to the flying cor!. It is easily starte! flying fro+ the groun! 2y laying it with the hea! towar! the o6erator an! 6ulling it u6 into the win!. == .ontri2ute! 2y .has. B. Da+i % .oo6erstown% /. -. T8e Le1$t t$o" 7 A Mode*" St #e T*$(, %25:' This illusion has +ystifie! thousan!s of the theater=going 6u2lic% in fact% it has 2een the N6iece !e resistanceN of +any illusion acts. The or!inary +etho! of 6roce!ure is as follows4 The 6erson who is to 2e sus6en!e! in the air% a66arently with no su66ort== usually a la!y==is first 6ut in a hy6notic :T; slee6. She is 6lace! on a couch in the +i!!le of the stage% an! in +ost cases the s6otlight is 2rought into 6lay. The 6erfor+er then ta es a 6osition close to the couch an! with !ra+atic

Daising the Su28ect in Mi!air effect +a es a few hy6notic 6asses o<er the su28ect. She then slowly rises fro+ the couch until she has attaine! a height <arying fro+ I to L ft. a2o<e the stage% as shown in

*ig. 1. The couch is then ta en a way an! a hoo6 is 6asse! o<er the floating la!y. The 6erfor+er now causes the la!y to float 2ac to the couch or 2oar! that she +ay ha<e 2een resting on% after which the so=calle! hy6notic s6ell is with!rawn. In s6ite of the clai+s that the illusion owes its origin to Hin!oo +agic% it is nothing +ore nor less than a cle<er +echanical contri<ance% the construction of which will 2e rea!ily un!erstoo! 2y a glance at the acco+6anying illustrations. The 2otto+ of the couch% if one is use!% contains a cra!le=li e arrange+ent which fits the recu+2ent for+ of the la!y an! is connecte! to a hea<y sheet of 6late glass 2y +eans of a ro!% D% *ig. $% attache! to one en!% an! running 6arallel to the si!e of the cra!le. Ehen the glass is lifte!% the 2o!y of the su28ect is also raise!% see+ingly at the will of the 6erfor+er. This is acco+6lishe! 2y the ai! of an assistant 2eneath the stage floor. The 6late of glass% #% *ig. '% 6asses 6er6en!icularly through the stage !own to a !ou2le 2loc an! tac le. The en! of the ca2le is attache! to a !ru+ or win!lass an! the 6late glass hel! stea!y with gui!es at the si!es of the slot in the stage floor% through which it 6asses. The win!ing u6 of the ca2le naturally forces the 6late glass an! cra!le u6% causing the la!y to rise. So+e illusionists 6lace the la!y on a 2oar! on two or!inary trestles an! cause the 2oar! to rise with the la!y

Direction the Hoo6 Ta es In 7assing o<er the Boar! on it% as shown in the illustration% thus o2<iating the use of hea<y 6ara6hernalia as in the cra!le attach+ent. The cra!le attach+ent is also generally acco+6anie! 2y a $=in. iron 2ar% use! in the 6lace of the 6late glass% the 6erfor+er or o6erator stan!ing at the rear of the couch to conceal the 2ar as it co+es fro+ 2eneath the stage. Howe<er% the +etho! illustrate! is the one generally use!. The soli! hoo6 is 6asse! o<er the 2o!y in the following +anner4 Start at the en!% B% *ig. $% 6assing the hoo6 as far as . with the hoo6 on the outsi!e of the 2ac horiBontal ro!. The si!e of the hoo6 towar! the au!ience is then turne! an! swung clear aroun! o<er the feet at ( an! entere! 2etween the ro! an! 2oar! on which the la!y rests. The hoo6 is then carrie! as far as it will go 2ac towar! the en! B. Then the si!e nearest the o6erator is 6asse! o<er the hea! of the 2o!y a66arently the secon! ti+e an! 6asse! off free at the feet. Thus to the closest o2ser<er the i+6ression is gi<en that the hoo6 has encircle! the la!y twice. The illustrations gi<e in !etail the wor ing of the illusion a2o<e the stage floor. /o set rule is use! for the tac le an! !ru+ 2elow the floor.

CONTENTS %26&'

A
(ccelero+eter% Si+6le (ci! Burns% Treating (cetylene 9as 9enerator% Ho+e+a!e (cetylene 0a+6% 0ighting (erating Eater in a S+all Tan (ero6lane% 7a6er% How to Ma e (ero6lanes% Mo!el% #Juili2rator for (lar+% Burglar% How to Ma e (lar+% .allersC (66roach (lar+ .loc .hic en *ee!er (lar+ .loc to 7ull 16 *urnace Draft (lar+% #lectric (lar+% #lectric% Door Bell an! (lar+% #lectric *ire% How to Ma e (lar+% #lectric% That Dings Bell an! Turns ,n 0ight (lar+% #lectric Ti+e (lar+% *ire (lu+inu+ 7olish (lu+inu+% Satin *inish on (lu+inu+ Eire% Insulating (++eter% How to Ma e (+use+ent=Boys De6resenting the .entaur (+use+ent De<ice==Merry=9o=Doun! Thriller (+use+ent De<ice==Merry=9o=Doun!% To Buil! (+use+ent De<ice==Teeter Boar!. De<ol<ing (nesthesia% #lectric (ni+als% S+all% Tra6 for (nnealing .hisel Steel (nnunciator% How to .onstruct (Juariu+% How to Ma e (r2or% 9ra6e% How to Buil! (rc 0a+6% Ho+e+a!e . (rc Searchlight% Self 0ighting (r+s an! (r+or% I+itation4 7art I 7art II 7art III 7art IV 7art V 7art VI 7art VII (r+s% Dri6 Shiel! for (rrowhea!% *lint% How to Ma e (s2estos Ta2le 7a!s% Ho+e+a!e (thletes% Eeights for% How to Ma e (to+iBer% How to Ma e (uto+o2ile% BoysC Ho+e+a!e (uto+o2ile #ngine% .ooling Eater for (uto+o2ile% 9reasing the *ront Eheels of (uto+o2ile Hea!lights% (!8usting (uto+o2ile% 7ainting uto+o2ile with Sails &' 1$) L7 I01 $I1 '$& 11 ')8 87 7& 107 &I 11I I'0 ''7 I'' I7% 'L& I$8 1&8 '0) I&% $0' 17' $0& 'L& $&7 IIL 8$ ')$ L7. I1) )I% $10 7' 1'$ & $'L $I$ $I8 $)' $71 $7& $8I $L8 $' $1$ $7I 1L8 I0$% I'0 $') '$0 $17 'L7 '$)

(5le% .art without

$&1

B
Ba22itt 0a!le% #+ergency Ba22itt% 0a!le for Melting Bag% .hanging% for 7late Hol!ers Bag% Sewing% How to Ma e Bags% 7a6er% 1se for Balloon (scension Illusion Balloon% 7ilot% How to Ma e Balloons% 7a6er% How to Ma e Baro+eter% Ho+e+a!e Baro+eter% How to Ma e Barrel Sta<e Ha++oc Barrel Sta<e Sle! Base2all% 7laying with a 7oc et Fnife Base2all Throwing 7ractice% De<ice for Bath. Shower% To Ma e Bathtu2 Sto66er% Su2stitute Batteries% .onnecting 16 to 9i<e (ny Voltage Batteries% Dry% To ,2tain .hea6ly Batteries% Dry% To Denew Batteries% 9ra<ity% Ehy *ail Battery Bin!ing 7osts% Eire 0oo6 .onnections for Battery .ell. Dry% Ma ing Battery .onnections% Eire Ter+inals for Battery% 9renet% How to Ma e Battery Motor% .ontroller an! De<erse for Battery Motor% De<ersing Battery% /on=7olariBing% How to Ma e Battery Dheostat Battery% S+all Storage% How to Ma e Battery Switch Battery% Ther+o=#lectric% How to Ma e Battery Volt+eter Battery Pincs% ,l!% To 1se Be! Ear+er. #lectric% How to Ma e Beeswa5% Su2stitute for Bell% .rac e!% Destoring Tone to Bell% Deturn .all% with ,ne Eire Bell Ding Degister Bell% Dinging 2y Touching a 9as Jet Belt% #yelets for Belt 0ace .aution Belt% Doun!% To Ma e without #n!s Bench 0athe Ma!e of 7i6e *ittings Bicycle .ata+aran Bicycle .oasting Sle!% How to Ma e Bicycle *ra+e% #na+eling Bicycle% Dunners on Bicycle% To (ttach a Sail to Bicycle% Trailer for Bicycle Trouser 9uar!s for Slee<e Ban!s Bicycle. Eater% How to Ma e BilI *ile Ma!e of .or screws Bin! MagaBines% To Bir! House% 7ro6er Design for Bir! Houses% .lay *lower 7ots 1se! for $)I 17' $1$ '8) 1& '00 118 $1L 1L1 188 7L '8' $L0 '1$ 1L I$& &' I10 ')&% '78% I01 11L II& 1)0 1)8 8' 7$ I0L 1L1 80% IIL 1$1 && L&% 1I0 1L' 87 ''8 1$& 71 101 '1) I0' I'$ $'& $I' '1) 1IL $'1 '8L 1L7 I$L '&7 $8' ''L '1L I0% L)% I0) $01 $77

Bit% 9ouge 1se! as Blotter 7a!% .orner 7ieces for Blotting 7a!% Des Blow6i6e% Ho+e+a!e Blue6rint 0antern Sli!es% How to Ma e Blues% 6russian an! .hinese Boar!s% Joining Boat=Bicycle .ata+aran Boat=.anoe% How to Ma e Boat=.ata+aran% .ruising Boat% Ice% How to Buil! Boat% 7a!!le% How to Ma e Boat% 7a6er% How to Ma e Boat=7unt% Ho+e+a!e Bo2sle!% Ho+e+a!e -an ee Bolts% Duste! Boo .o<er% 7a6er% How to Ma e Boo Hol!er Boo % De+o<ing 9rease Stains fro+ Boo Dest Boo case Doors% To Fee6 .lose! Boo +ar Boo +ar % Brass Boo +ar % 7a6er .li6 Boo s. How to .arry Boo+erangs% How to Ma e Bore a SJuare Hole% How to Boring Holes In .or Bottle% .utting Threa! insi!e of Bottle% Di<ing Bottle% In<erte!% Eith!rawing 7a6er fro+ 1n!er Bottle% 7hotogra6hing Man in Bottle 7ushing on the Ice Bottles% Doun! #n!. Base for Bottle Sto66er% /ew Eay to De+o<e Bowl% .o66er% How to Ma e Bo5 .o<er. Sli!ing% *astener Bo5% *ishhoo Bo5% Magic Bo5% Eater .olor Bo5es% Dustic Ein!ow Brac et Saw% .hea6% How to Ma e Brass Boo +ar Brass% .leaning Brass *lag% ,rna+ental% How to Ma e Brass *ra+e In De6oussU Brass *urnace% How to Buil! Brass% 7iercing 7unch for Brass 7laJues% 7hoto Silhouette% Ma ing Brass Surface% *lat% 7olishing Brass Eor =.an!lestic % How to Ma e Brea!% 0oaf% .utting BronBe 0iJui! Broo!er for S+all .hic ens Broo+ Hol!er Broo+ Hol!er Ma!e of a Hinge Broo+% ,l!% .rutch Ma!e of Brush% .ounter% for a Sho6 Brush% To Fee6 fro+ S6rea!ing

I11 8 17 I$8 1$0 I01 $)8 1IL IL1 I$' 'L7% '8$ 100 '$1 1$' I08 1L1 1$) '$ $'0 $&$ '77 '7& 18 $I1 I0& I% $0$ 17& 8 17& ''1 '' 7I I0& $& $$I 18L $L) '7& 7 $L7 '0 I$ 18 I07 $)) $'7 11L 1& $17 $$& '$L ') '$& 'I' 1' '' 'L$ I1& ')7

Brushes% 7aint% .are of Bul2 on a 9lass Tu2e% To Ma e Bunsen .ell% How to Ma e Burglar (lar+% Si+6le% How to Ma e Burning Inscri6tions on Trees Burns% .ar2olic (ci! Button% .hanging into a .oin Button. De+o<ing fro+ .hil!Cs /ostril Buttonhole Tric

$)7 '$I $0) ')8 IL 1$) $'I $'7 $'I

.
.a2inet for 7ot .o<ers .a2inet for 7honogra6h Decor!s .a2inet% Music% How to Ma e .a2inet% 7honogra6h Dis .a2inet .alen!ar% Han!y .allio6e% Stea+% How to Ma e .a+era% Bo5% De6airing .a+era% #nlarging fro+ 0ife in .a+era% Ho+e+a!e Fits for .a+era% Ma ing 0ight 6roof .a+era% 7ractical% for *ifty .ents .a+6 Stool% How to Ma e .a+6% Tin Drin ing .u6 for .a+6erCs 0antern% Ma eshift .a+6s an! How to Buil! The+ .a+6s% Fee6ing *oo! .ool in .an .o<ers% Tool for 0ifting .an!le Sha!e% How to Ma e .an!lestic % How to Ma e .an!lestic % Eater .ane .hairs% How to .ane in *urniture% Tightening .annon Balls% ')% De+o<ing fro+ Han!2ag .annon% 9as .annon% How to Ma e .annon% 0ea!% How to Ma e .annon% Toy% To Discharge 2y #lectricity .anoe% How to Ma e .anoe% Sailing% How to Ma e .ans% To+ato% Irrigating with .an<as .ot% *ol!ing% How to Ma e .an<as% Eater6roofing .ar2uretor Difficulties .ar! Tric % Dising .ar! Tric with a Ta6ere! Dec .ar!2oar! S6iral Turne! 2y Heat .ar!2oar! SJuares. 9un for Throwing .ar!case% 0a!yCs% How to Ma e .ar!s% Mechanical Tric with .ar6enterCs 9auge .ar6enterCs Vise% Ho+e+a!e .ar6et Swee6er Eheels% /ew Tires for .art% Dog .art without an (5le .ata+aran% Bicycle .ata+aran% .ruising .ata6ult% *ourth of July 1) I8' 77 7&% I'' 1&) I18 '7& 111% 117 1L& L8 ')L $$$ '7& $)) 'I1 $1 'L$ 1&1 $I0% $81% '$L I0) $L& $'0 $L) 1&7 I$ ''8 L& IL1 1&& IL0 1LI 1I) $08 $L) 70 $$) $)& 'L0 )' 1& ') $)) )0 $&1 1IL I$' II7

.ats% Shoc ing% De<ice for .ell% Bunsen .ell% Daniell .entaur. Boys De6resenting .entering% To Ma e 1nnecessary .hain Ma!e fro+ a Match .hair% .hil!Cs *ootrest on .hair 0egs. Du22er Ti6 for .hair% 7orch Swing .hair Doc ers% Safety Ti6s on .hair Sleighs .hairs% Balancing on .hairs% To .ane .hec er Boar! 7uBBle .heese 2o5 .o<er% Tea Tray .he+icals. 7rotecting *ingers fro+ .herry See!er .hic en .oo6. Fee6ing Dats fro+ .hic ens% Drin ing Trough for .hic ens% *ee! Bo5 for .hic ens. S+all% Broo!er for .hisel% Ice .hisel% Steel% (nnealing .ho66ing Boar! .hrist+as Tree Decorations% De6airing .hurn% Ho+e+a!e S+all .la+6% MagaBine% How to Ma e .la+6ing a .or .la+6s% Ho+e+a!e Sol!ering4 .leaner for 9lo<es .leaner for Ehite Shoes .leaning Brass .leaning Discolore! Sil<er .leaning *urniture .leaning% 9lass% Solution .leaning Jewelry .leaning 0eather on *urniture .leaning Sil<er .leaning Ealls .leaning Eoo!wor .leats% Insulating% Su2stitute for .loc % #lectric% How to Ma e .loc % Ho+e+a!e /o<elty .loc % How to .lean .loc % /o<elty% for the Fitchen .loc % ,l!% 1se for .lothes Dac .lothesline% Dou2le% Su66ort for .oaster% Doller% Illusion .oaster% Trolley% How to Ma e .oasters an! .hair Sleighs .oc % Three Eay% for S+all Mo!el Eor .oil. Ju+6 S6ar .oils% *or+ing to Ma e *le5i2le Eire .onnections .oin an! .ar! on the *irst *inger .oin an! Tu+2ler Tric .oin% .hanging Button Into .oin% Disa66earing .oin In a Eine 9lass Tric

I11 $0) $L$ 17' '1& '77 IL' $$& 1$8 I$& '8' 1'1 $L& 18&% $'' 18 $8' $& 'L$ ILI $&$ 'I' )1 ')$ 1& 11 1&$ I'L '' 1'7 '0$ $'& I07 'II 18L '1 'L' 1' '0L '7L '1L 'I8 $)8 II) 11& ')0 ')7 1I '18 $&8 '87 '8' L0 11' II' 17L '78 $'I 17)% 1&' 1)7

.oin% Mo<ing un!er a 9lass .oin 7urse% How to Ma e .oin% Stic ing against Eall .oin% Stic ing to Eoo! 2y Vacuu+ .oins% Dis6lay Dac Shows Both Si!es of .oins% Sen!ing 2y Mail% Safe Metho! of .o+6ass% MarinerCs .o+6ass /ee!le% *loating .o+6ass% Su2stitute for .o+6resse! (ir 7heno+enon .oncrete Fennel .oncrete Swi++ing 7ool .onser<atory% Ein!ow .ontroller for a S+all Motor .oo *ish% ,ne Eay to .o66er Bowl% How to Ma e .o66er% Har!ening .o66er 7icture *ra+e% #tche!% How to Ma e .o66er Trays% How to Ma e .o66er Eor ==.orner 7ieces for a Blotter 7a! .or!. Buttone! .or % Boring% Holes in .or % .la+6ing .or #5tractor .or s% How to *it .or screws% Bill *ile Ma!e of .orner 7ieces for a Blotter 7a!% How to Ma e .ot. .an<as% How to Ma e .ounter Brush for a Sho6 .ross2ow an! (rrow Sling% How to Ma e .rutch. Ho+e+a!e .rutch Ma!e of an ,l! Broo+ .rystalliBation% Instantaneous .u6 an! Saucer Dac % How to Ma e .u6% Tin Drin ing% for the .a+6 .urrent De<erser .urtain Doller .urtain Doller S6ring% How to Tighten

$1I 'LI 17) $87 $$0 $87 170 1)0 $8& 111 $' 178 10' I$ $0) 18L $0) I1I 180 8 I$7 8 '' '00 ')8 '1L 8 1LI I1& ''& ')& 'L$ $88 10L '7& 107% 111 I1& 7&

D
Dance% Miniature Ear Dar roo+ 0antern% Ho+e+a!e Dar roo+% 7hotogra6hic% Buil!ing De+agenetiBing a Eatch Des Blotting 7a! De<elo6ing Bo5% How to Ma e De<elo6ing Tray% .rac e! .o+6osition% To De6air De<elo6ing Tray. 7hotogra6hic Dish Hol!er% Hot Dogcart% Ho+e+a!e Dog% How to .hain DogCs Bar % Drowning with Eater Dogs% To Dri<e (way Door Bell an! #lectric (lar+ Door 0oc % Secret Door ,6ener% #lectric Door ,6ener for a *urnace Door% Sli!ing% #lectric 0oc for $LL 1I% 'I0 $) 1)) 17 $$0 $)0 $)& 7 1)0 $L7 I'L 10) 11I ) 78 8' 8&

Do<etail Joint Do<etail Joint 7uBBle Draft ,6ener% (uto+atic Drafts+an. S6line for Drafts+auCs In Bottle .or % Steel 7en 1se! In Drawers% Se<eral% 0oc ing with ,ne 0oc Drawing% (i! In Drawing Instru+ent=Eon!ergra6h% How to Ma e Drawing% 0an!sca6e% Ma!e #asy Drill 9auge% Han!y Drill% Han!% How to Ma e Drin ing .u6% Tin% for the .a+6 Drin ing Trough for .hic ens Dri6 Shiel! for the (r+s Dry Batteries% (nother Eay to Denew Dry Batteries% .hea6% How to ,2tain Dry Batteries% ,l!% To Denew Dry Batteries% Denewing Dry Battery .ell% How to Ma e Du6licator for Bo5 .a+eras Du6licator% Ho+e+a!e

$& $') 10$ I0) 117 '1I $70 I') II& $L$ III '7& ILI $L8 '78 I10 I01 ')7 1)0 ')' $I0

#
#asel% How to Ma e #gg=Beater% How to Ma e #ggshell *unnel #ggshells% How to 7reser<e #l!er2erry Huller% Ho+e+a!e #lectric (lar+ #lectric (lar+% Door Bell au! #lectric (lar+ That Dings a Bell an! Turns ,n a 0ight #lectric (nesthesia #lectric (66aratus=(++eter% How to Ma e #lectric (66aratus=(nnunciator% Ho+e+a!e #lectric (66aratus=(nnunciator% How to .onstruct #lectric (66aratus=Batteries% .onnecting 16 to 9i<en (ny Voltage #lectric (66aratus=Battery Dheostat #lectric (66aratus=Battery Volt+eter #lectric (66aratus=Bell% Deturn .all% with ,ne Eire #lectric (66aratus=.ats% To Shoc #lectric (66aratus=.ell% Daniell #lectric (66aratus=.ircuit Brea er for In!uction .oils #lectric (66aratus=.ontroller an! De<erse for Battery Motor #lectric (66aratus=.ontroller for a S+all Motor #lectric (66aratus=.urrent De<erser #lectric (66aratus=9al<ano+eter% Tangent #lectric (66aratus=In!uction .oil% How to Ma e #lectric (66aratus=In!uction .oils% Mercury Ma e an! Brea .onnection for #lectric (66aratus=Ju+6 S6ar .oil #lectric (66aratus=Me!ical In!uction .oil #lectric (66aratus=Motor% Single 7hase In!uction #lectric (66aratus=Motors% Direct .onnecte! De<erse for I1L $&1 &' $88 '$' &I 11I ''7 IIL I&% $0' L7 I1) &' 80 1L' 101 I11 $L$ 101 7$ I$ 107% 111 1L0 1'8 187 11' )' 1$I )0

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