Star Rnotes

RELEASE NOTES
STAR-CD Versions 4.00 to 4.20
CONFIDENTIAL FOR AUTHORISED USERS ONLY
2013 CD-adapco
STAR-CD Version 4 Release Notes
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Version 4.20 Release Notes

1 2 Introduction STAR and pro-STAR New developments .......................................................................................................1 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................2 STAR and es-ice General ..........................................................................................................................3 Trimmed meshing .........................................................................................................4 Port-specific items Compiler support ..........................................................................................................4 STAR HPC ...................................................................................................................4 Windows ports ..............................................................................................................4 Tutorials

1 2 Introduction STAR solver and pro-STAR New developments .......................................................................................................1 STAR HPC decomposition ...........................................................................................3 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................3 es-ice pre- and post-processing General ..........................................................................................................................3 Trimmed meshing .........................................................................................................5 Closed-cycle polyhedral meshing .................................................................................5 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................5 Port-specific items Compiler support ..........................................................................................................5 STAR HPC ...................................................................................................................5 Linux ports ....................................................................................................................6 Windows ports ..............................................................................................................6
5 6
V4.04 V4.18 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names Tutorials

1 2 Introduction pro-STAR pre- and post-processing New developments .......................................................................................................1 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................1 es-ice pre- and post-processing General ..........................................................................................................................1 Trimmed-mesh modelling ............................................................................................2 STAR runtime options ..................................................................................................2 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................3 STAR solver New developments .......................................................................................................3 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................3 Port-specific items End-of-life notices for STAR-CD ports .......................................................................4 Windows ports ..............................................................................................................4 V4.04 V4.16 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names Documentation
6 7

1 2 Introduction pro-STAR pre- and post-processing New developments .......................................................................................................1 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................1 es-ice pre- and post-processing General ..........................................................................................................................1 Trimmed-mesh modelling ............................................................................................2 Mapped-mesh modelling ..............................................................................................2 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................2 STAR controls ..............................................................................................................3
6 7
STAR solver New developments .......................................................................................................3 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................4 Port-specific items End-of-life notices for STAR-CD ports .......................................................................4 Windows ports ..............................................................................................................4 V4.04 V4.14 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names Documentation

1 2 Introduction Pre- and Post-processing New Developments .......................................................................................................1 Cautionary Points .........................................................................................................2 STAR-CD Solver New Developments .......................................................................................................2 HPC-related developments ..................................................................................3 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................3 Port-specific Items End-of-Life Notices for STAR-CD Ports .....................................................................4 Intel compiler ports .......................................................................................................4 Windows Ports ..............................................................................................................4 Cray-XT ........................................................................................................................6 V4.04/V4.06/V4.08/V4.10/V4.12 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names Documentation
5 6

1 2 Introduction Pre- and Post-processing New Developments .......................................................................................................1 Cautionary Points .........................................................................................................1 STAR-CD Solver New Developments .......................................................................................................2 HPC-related developments ..................................................................................3 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................3
3
5 6
Port-specific Items End-of-Life Notices for STAR-CD Ports .....................................................................4 Windows Ports ..............................................................................................................4 V4.04/V4.06/V4.08/V4.10 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names Documentation

1 2 Introduction Pre- and Post-processing New Developments .......................................................................................................1 Cautionary Points .........................................................................................................3 STAR-CD Solver New Developments .......................................................................................................3 Improvements to previously available features ...................................................4 HPC-related developments ..................................................................................4 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................5 Port-specific Items End-of-Life Notices for STAR-CD Ports .....................................................................5 V4.04/V4.06/V4.08 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names Documentation
4 5 6

1 2 Introduction Pre- and Post-processing New Developments .......................................................................................................1 Cautionary Points .........................................................................................................2 STAR-CD Solver New Developments .......................................................................................................2 Improvements to previously available features ...................................................2 HPC-related developments ..................................................................................3 General Issues ...............................................................................................................3 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................4 Port-specific Items Windows-specific items ...............................................................................................4
5 6
V4.04/V4.06 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names Documentation

1 2 Introduction Pre- and Post-processing New Developments .......................................................................................................1 General Issues ...............................................................................................................2 Cautionary Points .........................................................................................................2 STAR-CD Solver New Developments .......................................................................................................3 Improvements to previously available features ...................................................3 HPC-related developments ..................................................................................3 User Coding ..................................................................................................................4 General Issues ...............................................................................................................4 Cautionary points ..........................................................................................................4 Port-specific Items V4.04 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names Documentation
4 5 6

1 2 Introduction Pre- and Post-processing New Developments .......................................................................................................1 General Issues ...............................................................................................................2 STAR-CD Solver New Developments .......................................................................................................2 General Issues ...............................................................................................................4 HPC Issues ....................................................................................................................4 Cautionary Points .........................................................................................................5 Documentation

5
Introduction New Features ................................................................................................................1 Modified/Improved Features ........................................................................................1 V3.2X Features not Supported .....................................................................................2 V3.2X Features to be Included in Future Releases .......................................................2 Pre- and Post-processing Main pro-STAR Interface .............................................................................................3 Known Issues ......................................................................................................4 AutoMesh Module ........................................................................................................4 STAR-CD Solver Solver-specific Modifications/Improvements ..............................................................5 Running the STAR-CD Solver .....................................................................................5 Restart/Post Data ..........................................................................................................5 V3.2X Restart Data File Reader in the V4.00 Solver ...................................................6 V4.00 vs V3.2X File Correspondence ..........................................................................6 User Coding ..................................................................................................................6 Porting Information ......................................................................................................7 Documentation
Appendix A Summary of V4.00 Command Changes
Appendix B Summary of V4.02 Command Changes
Appendix C Summary of V4.04 Command Changes
Appendix D Summary of V4.06 Command Changes
Appendix E Summary of V4.08 Command Changes
Appendix F Summary of V4.10 Command Changes
Appendix G Summary of V4.12 Command Changes
Appendix H Summary of V4.14 Command Changes
Appendix I Summary of V4.16 Command Changes
Appendix J Summary of V4.18 Command Changes
Appendix K Summary of V4.20 Command Changes
STAR-CD Version 4.20 Release Notes

1. Introduction
STAR-CD V4.20 is the latest version of our STAR-CD/es-ice suite, designed to address outstanding issues arising from previous releases and to add a number of important enhancements.
2.
STAR and pro-STAR

2.1 New developments 1. LES turbulence modelling facilities have been greatly extended: (a) Three additional options have been added to the list of available LES models, namely: i) The WALE (Wall-Adapting Local Eddy) viscosity model (see Methodology Chapter 2, WALE model) ii) The Dynamic Structure (DSM) model (see Methodology Chapter 2, Dynamic Structure model) iii) The Dynamic Smagorinsky model (see Methodology Chapter 2, Dynamic Smagorinsky model) Usage details for the above can be found in the on-line Help text for pro-STAR panel Turbulence Models. (b) Any LES turbulence model may now be used in conjunction with ECFM-3Z combustion models (c) Special ECFM-3Z LES ignition models are available for spark-ignition engine studies (see Methodology Chapter 11, The ECFM-3Z LES model and es-ice User Guide Chapter 8, Extended Coherent Flame model 3Z (ECFM-3Z) spark ignition). (d) A LES turbulence resolution parameter is now calculated. This appears in all STAR output files and may be used to assess the quality of the results (see Methodology Chapter 2, Quality assessment criteria for LES). 2. An option is available for calculating a PDF (Probability Density Function) + distribution of y values at wall boundaries and printing its mean and variance (see the on-line Help text for pro-STAR panel Monitor Numeric Behaviour). 3. A number of enhancements have been made to the method of writing solution and transient post data files in engine simulation runs (see the on-line Help text for pro-STAR panel Analysis Output > Transient problems > Post tab and Transient tab):
1
(a) Multiple solution data files (.ccmp_xxx files) may be saved both at regular intervals or at user-specified values of the crank angle. Such files can also be named on the basis of the engine crank angle at the time of the save operation. (b) Transient post data (.ccmt) files may be written as a series of separate files named on the basis of crank angle 4. A stand-alone command-line utility calculates cycle averages for all variables present in transient post data (.ccmt) files, as produced in multi-cycle simulation studies (see STAR-CD User Guide Chapter 19 Cycle-averaging transient post data files). 5. Two major enhancements to the simulation of droplet-wall interaction are available in this release: (a) The Bai-ONERA model, first introduced in V4.18, was enhanced by making the following changes (see Methodology Chapter 12, Bai-ONERA Droplet-Wall Interaction Model): i) The Nukiyama temperature is used in defining the dimensionless temperature, T*, in place of the droplet saturation temperature. ii) Instead of a table look-up, the effect of a dry walls surface roughness on regime transition criteria is implemented via a correlation. iii) A revised equation is used to calcualte the splash mass ratio. (b) The Senda model was added to the list of supported droplet-wall interaction models (see Methodology Chapter 12, Senda droplet-wall interaction model). Unlike the original version of this model, its STAR-CD implementation allows partial liquid deposition on an impacted heated wall in the transition boiling regime. Usage details for the above can be found in the on-line Help text for pro-STAR panel Droplet Physical Models. 6. pro-STARs dynamic memory allocation capability is now fully implemented for all problem types (see STAR-CD User Guide Chapter 19 Resizing pro-STAR) 7. All pro-STAR command changes relative to V4.18 (including additions and deletions) are summarised in Appendix K of this document. 2.2 Cautionary points 1. The currently supported version of GT-Power is V7.3 2. The DOLFA library for on-line function approximation is no longer supported in STAR-CD. The relevant documentation has also been removed from the Supplementary Notes volume. 3. The following STAR-CD expert systems are no longer supported: (a) es-pemfc for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells (b) es-sofc for solid oxide (SO) fuel cells (c) es-turbo for turbomachinery applications
3.
STAR and es-ice

3.1 General 1. The default pro-STAR version number is now 4.20. 2. The user interface for selecting fuels and initializing combustion scalar variables has been greatly improved (see es-ice User Guide Chapter 8 Analysis set-up > Fuel data and Scalar set-up). A detailed account of the theory behind the special initialization procedure for the ECFM-CLEH combustion model is also included in Methodology Chapter 7, ECFM-CLEH Initialisation Method. 3. User-specified DARS-based fuel table libraries may be employed to calculate the laminar flame speed and autoignition mechanism based on complex chemistry (see es-ice User Guide Chapter 8 Analysis set-up). Appendix E of the es-ice User Guide contains a detailed description of the file format to be used in this case. DARS or any other appropriate chemistry package can be used in conjunction with chemistry mechanisms provided by the user. 4. The STAR Controls > Post-setup panel has been upgraded to provide: (a) Flow variable monitoring in all engine components. The monitored output may also include velocity component magnitudes (see es-ice User Guide Chapter 8 Post set-up > Cylinder, ports and grid pieces) (b) Liquid film quantities (see es-ice User Guide Chapter 8 Post set-up > Global settings) (c) A facility for generating a PowerPoint presentation showing the models input parameters and simulation output results (see es-ice User Guide Chapter 8 Post set-up > Summary report and Chapter 12 Generating a Summary Report) 5. The process of reading data from an external surface grid has been sped up and simplified by a new facility for storing such grids as es-ice image files. This means that data corresponding to these grids can be accessed directly from the es-ice model file rather than reading them from external files (see es-ice User Guide Chapter 6 User intermediate surfaces, Chapter 8 Boundary Conditions > Global settings and Chapter 8 Post set-up > Heat transfer) 6. The STAR solvers transient-wave transmissive boundary condition is now available via the es-ice GUI for use on engine flow boundaries (see es-ice User Guide Chapter 8 Boundary Conditions and Chapter 5 Transient wave transmission in the ICE Methodology volume). 7. The choice of spark ignition models that can be used in conjunction with ECFM-3Z and ECFM-CLEH combustion has been extended through the inclusion of the ISSIM model (see Methodology Chapter 11, The Imposed Stretch Spark Ignition model and es-ice User Guide Chapter 8 The Imposed Stretch Spark Ignition model (ISSIM)) 8. A NOx emission model, NORA, is now available as part of the ECFM-CLEH combustion model (see Methodology Chapter 11, NOx emission model) 9. A new autoignition saturation coupling feature can be activated in the ECFM-3Z model to take into account the local equivalence ratio profile near fuel droplets (see Methodology Chapter 11, The ECFM-3Z model > Autoignition/knock model and es-ice User Guide Chapter 8, Extended Coherent Flame model 3Z spark ignition)
3
10. The Progress Variable Model (PVM) has been added to the list of combustion models accessible via the es-ice interface (see Methodology Chapter 11, The Progress Variable Model for Multi-Fuel combustion and es-ice User Guide Chapter 8, PVM-MF model) 11. Additional information has been added to the es-ice User Guide to help the user: (a) Optimise the allocation of computing resources during an engine simulation (see Chapter 10, Optimising STAR and Ice Resources) (b) Make use of the facility for adding a static mesh representing the piston to an es-ice model and then connecting it to the moving mesh (see Chapter 7, Adding Piston Meshes as Grid Pieces) 12. The Read Tools file import facilities have been upgraded to include the direct import of STAR-CCM+ volume mesh files (see es-ice User Guide Chapter 4, The Read Tool panel) 13. A facility for manually defining cyclic boundaries in a sector mesh to which grid pieces have been added is now available as part of the Boundary Conditions panel (see es-ice User Guide Chapter 8, Cyclic boundaries) 14. The Best Practices Guide has been updated to include our latest recommendations on: (a) Building and checking an es-ice mesh (see the revised Chapter 2) (b) Usage of the G-equation combustion model (see Chapter 3 G-equation model) 3.2 Trimmed meshing 1. The process of adding extra cell layers on flow boundaries has been greatly simplified (see es-ice User Guide Chapter 4 The Boundary shells panel. 2. The quality of the template generated by the automatic 2D template utility has been greatly improved and additional controls added to the relevant GUI panels (see es-ice User Guide Chapter 4 The Automatic 2D Parameters panel).
4.
Port-specific items
4.1 Compiler support The Intel 13.1 compiler is used for compiling the STAR-CD solver. Users wishing to compile their own user coding for this solver will need to use a compatible compiler. 4.2 STAR HPC 1. IBM Platform MPI ISV Edition 8.3.0.2 is supplied with the STAR-CD installation 2. HP MPI 2.2.5.1 has been removed from the installation 4.3 Windows ports Microsoft Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 have been added to the list of supported platforms. Please see the STAR-CD Installation Guide for details about the system configuration required.
5.
Tutorials
1. All es-ice tutorials have been updated to reflect the latest code facilities and their order rearranged where necessary to improve clarity and ease of use. 2. The heat transfer analysis tutorial of Chapter 12 has been extended to demonstrate the process of mapping heat transfer data from es-ice to an Abaqus model using STAR-CCM+ data mapping facilities. 3. Two new tutorials have been added to the Tutorials volume illustrating the use of: (a) The automatic 2D template feature in the es-ice GUI (see Chapter 10) (b) The ELSA fuel spray injection model used in combination with the ECFM-CLEH combustion model (see Chapter 23)

1. Introduction
STAR-CD V4.18 is the latest version of our STAR-CD suite, designed to address outstanding issues arising from previous releases and to add a number of important enhancements.
2.
STAR solver and pro-STAR

2.1 New developments 1. Four additional models for simulating Lagrangian droplet behaviour have been introduced in this release: (a) The KHRT model has been added to the list of supported droplet break-up models (see Chapter 12, KHRT model in the Methodology volume) (b) The Bai-ONERA model has been added to the list of supported droplet-wall interaction models (see Chapter 12, Bai-ONERA spray impingement model). This model is designed to better handle situations where the temperature of the impacting wall exceeds the saturation temperature of the droplet. The original Bai model is retained for cases where the wall temperature is below the droplet saturation temperature. (c) Three correlations have been added to allow prediction of the droplet Leidenfrost temperature (see Chapter 12, "Determination of the Leidenfrost temperature). It has been known that, for high-temperature wall wetting predictions, the behaviour of an impacting droplet depends critically on the value of the Leidenfrost temperature; and these models can be used to provide that required value. The original option of a user-supplied value is still retained. (d) A correlation to simulate the effect of droplet impingement dynamics on the Leidenfrost temperature has been added (see Chapter 12, "Determination of the Leidenfrost temperature). Detailed usage information for the above appears in the on-line Help text for pro-STAR panel Droplet Physical Models. 2. A droplet-to-film transition model has been added. This model provides a smooth mechanism for transitioning from droplet-based to liquid-film-based heat/mass transfer modelling for wall-adhering droplets, when enough have accumulated on a wall to make the film approach more appropriate (see Chapter 15, Droplet-to-film transition criteria in the Methodology volume, Chapter 12, Setting Up Liquid Film Models in the STAR-CD User Guide, and the on-line Help text for pro-STAR panel Film Controls). 3. The ELSA (Eulerian-Lagrangian Spray Atomization) model is now formally included as part of this release. ELSA is a novel fuel spray simulation method that
1
combines the advantages of the Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches to predict the spray evolution in a continuous manner, from the injector nozzle to the final dilute spray region (see Chapter 20 in the Supplementary Notes volume). 4. The functionality of the G-equation combustion model has been extended as follows: (a) The model is now applicable to multiple engine-cycle simulations (see Chapter 11, Multiple-cycle simulation in the Methodology volume) (b) Two new ignition models have been implemented (see Chapter 11, Ignition treatment) (c) Oxygenated fuels are supported via a 7-species equilibrium composition model (see Chapter 11, Reaction mechanisms) 5. Using the ECFM-3Z combustion model, increased accuracy can be achieved in simulating combustion of gasoline (a mixture of iso-octane + n-heptane + toluene) and of so-called E-fuels (mixtures of ethanol and gasoline). This facility uses special complex-chemistry libraries to calculate the laminar flame speed and autoignition mechanism (see Chapter 11, Model Extension to multi-component fuels in the Methodology volume) 6. The ECFM-CLEH combustion model has been re-formulated for increased accuracy and reliability, both in terms of the model thermodynamics and of pollutant emission estimation. Diesel, Gasoline and N-heptane fuel types are now available for use with this model (see Chapter 11, The ECFM-CLEH model in the Methodology volume). 7. Considerable development effort has been devoted to making the DARS-CFD model suitable for IC engine simulations. As part of this effort, a new node-balance algorithm has been implemented for improving the model's parallel scalability. In addition, the model may now be selected from within the es-ice GUI (see item 6(b) in the es-ice pre- and post-processing section). 8. A new, more efficient solver has been implemented for the DARS-TIF model, resulting in faster calculations. An updated sub-model for the scalar dissipation rate has also been implemented to improve the emission predictions. Neither of these improvement require a change in the model set-up. 9. There is now a choice of using built-in or user-supplied emission libraries for NOx and Soot calculations. Instructions on how to make this choice are available from CD-adapco's Support teams. 10. Problems involving gases under high pressure can now be solved using a real-gas cubic equation of state. Three variants of this equation - Van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong and Peng-Robinson - are available (see Chapter 1, Real-gas cubic equation in the Methodology volume and the on-line Help text for pro-STAR panel Material Properties (Fluids). The new equations of state also apply to (a) Mixtures of gases (see Chapter 15, Multi-component Mixing in the STAR-CD User Guide). (b) The Angelberger and Modified Angelberger functions used in calculating wall heat fluxes (see Global settings in Chapter 8 of the es-ice User Guide). 11. The range of supported turbulence models has expanded through the inclusion of a new IDES implementation for linear High and Low Reynolds Number models (see Chapter 2, Hybrid LES/RANS model in the Methodology volume and the on-line
2
Help text for pro-STAR panel Turbulence Models). 12. All pro-STAR command changes relative to V4.16 (including additions and deletions) are summarised in Appendix J of this document. 2.2 STAR HPC decomposition The STAR solver is able to handle automatically all decomposition constraints present in moving mesh cases. Therefore, it is no longer necessary to perform manual decompositions using cell sets for cases featuring sliding interfaces, cell attachment and detachment events or cell removal and addition events (see pp. 13-25, 13-26 and 13-27 in Chapter 13 in the STAR-CD User Guide). In fact, choosing any of the -decompmeth=method partitioning options described in Appendix E of the STAR-CD User Guide (other than the sets option) will lead to a decomposition that is certain to satisfy the aforementioned constraints. However, users wanting to force a certain partition set-up by supplying their own sets file will need to consider the constraints associated with each of the above cases, as in previous STAR-CD versions. Note that a manual decomposition is still necessary for cases containing the AKTIM ignition model (see Useful points for the AKTIM model in Chapter 8 of the es-ice User Guide). 2.3 Cautionary points 1. The default value of a key constant in the G-equation progress variable calculation has changed to 0.9 (see Chapter 11, Reaction progress variable in the Methodology volume). To use the previous (V4.16) value, enter the following keywords inside the BEGIN LEVELSET / END LEVELSET Extended Data segment at the end of the problem file: PROGVAR_CONST 1.8 2.5 0.5 2. The ECFM-CLEH combustion model is no longer backward compatible with cases set up under previous STAR-CD versions due to the very extensive improvements made to this model for V4.18. However, old ECFM-CLEH cases can be easily updated for V4.18 compatibility using a pro-STAR script available from CD-adapcos Support teams. 3. The currently supported version of GT-Power is 7.2.0 Build 3.
3.
es-ice pre- and post-processing

3.1 General 1. The default pro-STAR version number is now 4.18. 2. es-ice now offers a number of additional mesh manipulation options: (a) A facility for refining or coarsening a mesh by applying a user-defined scale factor to the 2D and 3D template parameters (see Chapter 6, Scaling an Existing Mesh Automatically in the es-ice User Guide). This functionality may be used to create a refined mesh as part of a mesh-replacement simulation, in order to capture the solution around TDC in greater detail. It can also be used to generate a new mesh as part of a mesh-dependency study.
3
(b) A panel enabling the use of crank angles at key points in the analysis in order to create a mesh at those times (see Chapter 4, The Create Results > Read panel in the es-ice User Guide). 3. The Automatic 2D Parameters panel is now capable of imprinting geometry features using line cells or splines (see Chapter 4, Capturing features in the automatic 2D template in the es-ice User Guide) 4. The post-processing capabilities of es-ice have been extended as follows: (a) Multiple post-processing (es-ice.pos) files resulting from multiple STAR restart runs can be combined. Any overlap in the available data will be accounted for automatically and a single file will be produced covering the entire duration of the simulation (see Chapter 12, Combining Multiple es-ice.pos Files in the es-ice User Guide). (b) Phi-T scatter data plots are available for all combustion models accessible via the es-ice GUI (see Chapter 12, Viewing Scatter Data in the es-ice User Guide). (c) Liquid film mass data are now available for post-processing via the es-ice.pos file. The total film mass and mass per film component are available. These quantities are also categorised by engine component (e.g. cylinder, ports, etc.) and wall boundary region (e.g. piston, dome, valve stem, etc.). The liquid film mass is calculated from the STAR solver output from boundary-region area, film thickness and film density. 5. es-ice is now able to create and save event grids (i.e. grids corresponding to given moving mesh events) whilst running the solver. The grids saved in this way can then be used in subsequent solver runs involving the same engine conditions (see Chapter 11, Creating and Using event grids during a Solver Run in the es-ice User Guide). 6. The es-ice GUI panels for combustion model set-up have been updated: (a) They now reflect the current capabilities of the ECFM-3Z, ECFM-CLEH and G-equation models, noted in Section 2.1 above (see Fuel selection, ECFM-3Z model, ECFM-CLEH model and G-Equation model in Chapter 8 of the es-ice User Guide). Note that instructions for using the G-equation model in multiple engine cycle simulations are given in Appendix C of the es-ice User Guide. (b) The DARS-CFD model may be selected from the Star Controls > Analysis setup panel (see the es-ice User Guide Chapter 8, DARS-CFD model and Appendix D ). 7. Additional functionality has been added to mouse operations aimed at making GUI navigation easier (see Chapter 2, Navigating es-ice using the mouse in the es-ice User Guide). 8. es-ice can now create a file containing definitions of most panel settings in a trimmed-mesh model. Such a file can be edited and then read by a new model, allowing you to create a case similar to an existing one but containing slightly different settings (see Chapter 14, Trimmed Model Automation in the es-ice User Guide). 9. The specification of initial and boundary conditions for scalar variables using
4
air-fuel and EGR parameters has been streamlined and simplified (see Scalar set-up, Initialization and Boundary Conditions in Chapter 8 of the es-ice User Guide). 3.2 Trimmed meshing The Trim panel has been redesigned, with additional facilities for mesh checking and improving cell connectivity (see Chapter 4, Trimming Panel in the es-ice User Guide) 3.3 Closed-cycle polyhedral meshing This process generates a new type of polyhedral mesh at TDC and then uses cell layers that are added or deleted in order to facilitate the piston motion simulation. This meshing method can only be implemented when the valves are closed (hence the term closed-cycle). Note that: (a) There is also a facility for including a spray-optimised region for simulating fuel injection, with hexahedral and pentahedral cells that are orthogonal to the spray direction and posses one-to-one cell connectivity with the polyhedral mesh. (b) When using a closed-cycle mesh as part of a mesh-replacement analysis, a new disjointed-volumes facility will allow mapping of the port flow solution from the open-cycle mesh to the closed-cycle mesh. See Chapter 6, Closed-cycle Polyhedral Meshing in the es-ice User Guide for details on how to create this mesh type. 3.4 Cautionary points If you resume from a model built under V4.16: (a) Check the settings of the Analysis setup, Initialization and Boundary condition panels. As noted in Section 3.1 above, the process of specifying initial and boundary conditions for scalar variables has changed. (b) Note that the default turbulence model set by pro-STAR is now K-Epsilon / RNG
4.
Port-specific items
4.1 Compiler support CD-adapco reviews its compiler support for every STAR-CD release, occasionally dropping an older compiler version in favour of a newer and more readily available one or a version with improved features. The Intel Composer XE SP 1 compiler (Intel Compiler 12.1.2) is a significant upgrade, particularly for Windows ports, compared to previous versions and is therefore the reference port for V4.18. For further details, see http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-composer-xe/ 4.2 STAR HPC 1. IBM's PC MPI 8.1.1.0 is the default high performance MPI for parallel simulation
5
using the STAR V4.18 solver. We also supply HP MPI 2.2.5.1 which is an older version of PC MPI. 2. LAM MPI and MPICH are no longer supplied as they are no longer maintained. Open MPI is now supplied as an alternative Open Source MPI implementaion. However, STAR can still run using existing LAM MPI and MPICH installations by setting the LAMHOME and MPICH environmental variables, respectively. 4.3 Linux ports 1. Secure Shell is now the default method used by the STAR solver to start remote tasks. 2. Many Linux distributions come with a very small default stack size. This may need to be increased when running ASI cases on a cluster. To do this, add lines such as the ones shown below in the /etc/security/limits.conf file: soft stack hard stack 16384 unlimited
The exact stack size limit may depend on the size of the largest case you wish to run. You do not need to restart youir machine for this to take effect. 4.4 Windows ports 1. V4.18 is the last STAR-CD release supporting (a) Windows x86 32-bit ports (b) Windows x64 ports (Windows XP x64, Windows Server 2003 x64 and Windows Vista x64 all sp levels) Support will be discontinued from V4.20 onwards. 2. The Mesa OpenGL library is now available for 64-bit ports. As a result, pro-STAR will now prompt users to choose between the gl and mesa versions. The latter is not available for 32-bit ports. 3. The NETWORKINSTALL option allows your System Administrator to create a central installation of STAR-CD on your network. This allows Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 workstations to access this central installation without requiring the full package on their local disks.
5.
V4.04 V4.18 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names

An important change in file structure was introduced in V4.04 and carried through to this release, namely the replacement of the combined geometry/results data file (having extension .ccm) by separate files, each containing a single type of data. The reason for the change was (a) the removal of uncertainty as to what kind of data is included in a given file and (b) a very marked improvement in performance when writing STAR files. The following table shows the current conventions for the most commonly used file types.
STAR V3.2X .prob .geom
.pst
.pst_[ITER]
.pstt
.trk .smap .rsi
.rpo
parm.inc
.evt
STAR V4.00 .prob .ccm
.ccm
.ccm_[ITER]
.pstt
.trk .ccm .rsi .ccm Not used Not used
STAR V4.04 to .prob .ccmg .ccmp .ccmp_[ITER] .ccmt .trk .ccms .rsi .ccmr Not used Not used STAR V4.18 A list of all V4.18 supported file types and extensions is given in Appendix B of the CCM User Guide. Users should also note that when the parallel I/O mode is in operation, a number of extra files are generated, as described on p. E-7 of the CCM User Guide.
6.
Tutorials
All chapters in the es-ice Tutorials volume have been updated to reflect the latest changes in the es-ice GUI. In addition, two new tutorial cases have been added to illustrate the following features: Chapter 14 Diesel engine simulation using a full-cylinder mesh created via the closed-cycle polyhedral meshing technique mentioned in Section 3.3 above Chapter 17 Two-stroke engine simulation using the Partial Arbitrary Sliding Interface (PASI) facility

1. Introduction
STAR-CD V4.16 is the latest version of our STAR-CD suite, designed to address outstanding issues arising from previous releases and to add a number of important enhancements:
2.
pro-STAR pre- and post-processing

2.1 New developments 1. An additional mesh quality metric has been introduced to evaluate the face validity of a given cell range (see the on-line Help text for pro-STAR panel Check Grids). 2. All command changes relative to V4.14 (including additions and deletions) are summarised in Appendix I of this document. 3. A new pro-STAR file type has been introduced, aimed at facilitating the post-processing of engine data produced under es-ice. The file is automatically generated for STAR runs that include Lagrangian multi-phase and/or combustion simulation options and has extension .spg. Engine models using this facility must contain non-zero group numbers corresponding to individual engine components (cylinder, ports, etc). Data in .spg files are averages over all fluid cells belonging to the corresponding group. 2.2 Cautionary points 1. The default tolerance used by the VMERGE algorithm may be too 'generous' in some cases. Although the merging process only checks those vertices that are on cell faces next to deleted cells or on attach boundaries, some vertices that lie very near each other may get merged incorrectly and thus produce undesirable collapsed cells. If in doubt, users may turn off the VMERGE operation (via the VCOMPRESS option in commands LOAD and TRLOAD) and then check the uncompressed mesh to see if some vertices were merged incorrectly. 2. When running pro-STAR in "gl" or "mesa" mode, please ensure that you have Write permission for any input files (with extension.inp) or macros (with extension.MAC) you may wish to run. This is necessary because pro-STAR may append data to these files during the execution process.
3.

3.1 General 1. The default pro-STAR version number is now 4.16. 2. The method of using multiple meshes to achieve greater solution accuracy (introduced in STAR-CD V4.14 as a beta feature) has been further refined and
1
3.
4. 5.
6.
7.
8.
streamlined to make its use easier and more general. A revised description is given under Multiple Meshes for Simulation with Mesh Replacement in Chapter 6 of the es-ice User Guide. An automatic valve modelling facility has been introduced, using valve shells to define the coordinate system and profile (see Automatic Valve Definition in Chapter 5 of the es-ice User Guide). The face validity metric introduced into pro-STAR as an additional mesh quality check is also available in es-ice. The Angelberger and Han/Reitz wall function models are now implemented via the STAR solver rather than via a user-supplied subroutine. In addition, the default model parameters correspond exactly to those specified in the original papers. This means that using es-ice files created under V4.14 will give slightly different results compared with running the model using the V4.16 implementation. The Star Controls > Boundary Conditions panel has been enhanced so that it can now display an overview of the boundary regions associated with each part of the engine model. A check of the validity of these regions and modifications to existing definitions can also be made using this facility. The Star Controls panel now includes an option for defining the air/fuel ratio either on the basis of typical in-cylinder conditions (including EGR) or on the basis of typical intake port conditions. This in turn leads to two alternative ways of initialising the combustion model scalars (see Chapter 8, Analysis set-up and Scalar initialisation in the es-ice User Guide). The Assembly panel has been updated so as to allow creation of meshes containing Partial Arbitrary Sliding Interfaces (PASIs). Such meshes are suitable for two-stroke engine simulation in which the ports are attached to the cylinder wall (see Chapter 8, Two-stroke engine models in the es-ice User Guide).
3.2 Trimmed-mesh modelling 1. The trimmed-mesh generation process has been enhanced by an improved facility for adding prismatic-cell extrusion layers (see Chapter 7, Creating Extrusion Layers for Trim Meshes in the es-ice User Guide). The presence of such layers helps to improve the solution accuracy and convergence rate. 2. An embedded refinement facility is now available for trimmed meshing (see Chapter 7, Using CMRefine for Mesh Refinement in the es-ice User Guide). 3. Improvements have been made to the mesh structure created by the automatic 2D template generation process. The new structure yields an improved and more uniform cell distribution (see The Automatic 2D Parameters panel in Chapter 4 of the es-ice User Guide). 4. The automatic 2D template facility now includes an option to refine a circular mesh region based on a centre-point radius and a mesh size multiplier (see The Automatic 2D Parameters panel in Chapter 4 of the es-ice User Guide). 3.3 STAR runtime options 1. When running es-ice cases in parallel, the STAR solver will now perform a default mesh decomposition and this will be used in all subsequent runs. This means that users no longer need to spend time deciding their partition make-up and associated cell set files, or changing this make-up by running es-ice. Note, however, that users are still free to choose an alternative decomposition by specifying it explicitly
2
through the es-ice interface and then instructing the solver to use it via the STAR command line. 3.4 Cautionary points 1. Although there is no fundamental reason for not performing mesh replacement during the runs combustion stage, it is not advisable to do so as this may cause numerical instabilities and abort the solution.
4.
STAR solver
4.1 New developments 1. The implementgation of the Angelberger wall function model in the STAR solver has been revised so as to use the parameters reported in the original paper. The Han and Reitz model may also be selected. 2. A number of important enhancements have been implemented in the G-equation combustion model (see Chapter 11, The G-equation model in the Methodology volume): (a) A 7-species equilibrium combustion product composition submodel is available as an alternative to the default one-step reaction submodel (see Appendix C of the es-ice User Guide) (b) The code now employs a more accurate formulation of the reaction progress variable (see equation (11-85) in the Methodology volume) (c) A Fixed-composition EGR modelling option is available as an alternative to the default Variable-composition EGR option (see Appendix C of the es-ice User Guide) (d) A Soot/NOx modelling capability is now available when using the G-equation model (see Chapter 8, G-equation model in the es-ice User Guide) 3. The DARS-Knock model can be employed in either active mode (the default setting) or passive mode. At present, this option is available only for the G-equation and ECFM-3Z combustion models (see Additional Extended Data in Appendix B of the es-ice User Guide). Knock simulation is also available in conjunction with ECFM-CLEH but only with the knock model running in passive mode. 4. The face validity metric introduced into pro-STAR as an additional mesh quality check is also available within the STAR solver. 5. A new method for specifying inflow boundary conditions for unsteady LES simulations has been introduced alongside the existing Synthetic Eddy Method (SEM). The new approach, known as the Hybrid Forward Stepwise (HFS) method, is particularly useful for large-scale environmental flows where the length scales along the streamwise direction are several times greater than those for the cross-stream directions (see Chapter 1 of the STAR-CD Supplementary Notes volume). 4.2 Cautionary points 1. GT-Power 7.0.0 Build 3 and 7.1.0 Build 3 are supported on both Linux and Windows. However, due to GT-Power limitations, coupled STAR-CD / GT-Power calculations can only be performed if the case directory is located on a local drive.
3
Calculations using remote Windows file systems are not supported by Gamma Technologies Inc. 2. The HFS method should be used only in conjunction with an LES turbulence simulation. In addition, its boundary definitions should not be combined with SEM definitions in the same LES computation.
5.
Port-specific items
5.1 End-of-life notices for STAR-CD ports 1. V4.16 is the last STAR-CD release supporting (a) the pro-VIS GUI (b) the Linux version of STAR-Launch (c) all Linux 32-bit ports Support for the above will be discontinued from V4.18 onwards. 5.2 Windows ports 1. Windows 7 SP1 is supported in the current release. 2. Users who prefer to work from an interactive shell environment on Windows systems should note that the default shell has changed from the CMD environment to Windows PowerShell. The main advantages of PowerShell over CMD are: Support for remote UNC drives More powerful scripting language
Please be aware that PowerShell is very different syntactically from the Windows CMD shell and UNIX shells like sh, ksh, bash, csh and tcsh. Another key difference is that it uses Unicode, not ASCII (see also PowerShell for Windows in Appendix E of the CCM User Guide). Please note that PowerShell screen output may stop occasionally. If this happens, the STAR solver run is suspended until you press the <rtn> key. To avoid this, you can start a CMD shell from PowerShell. Users who still wish to use CMD should type cmd inside the PowerShell to start a CMD shell. 3. PC MPI 8.1.1, an updated version of HP MPI that supports new device drivers, as well HP MPI 2.2.5 are distributed with STAR-CD 4.16. If PC MPI 8.1.1 is installed, it will be used as the default MPI. Users who encounter problems with PC MPI 8.1.1 can use other MPIs by specifying the appropriate runtime option, eg. -mpi=hp. 4. Due to an internal scheduling issue, platform MPI 8.1.1 does not currently support distributed runs under Windows HPC Server 2008. If you attempt to perform this type of run, you will find an additional PMPI HPCService task added to your job. The PMPI HPCService task will then be in a queued state and your STAR task will fail. Please use Microsoft MPI (-mpi=msmpi) to perform distributed calculations on a Windows HPC Server 2008 cluster. 5. The user-defined chemistry option for DARS-TIF, described in Appendix A of the es-ice User Guide, is not available on Windows platforms.
6.

STAR V3.2X .prob .geom STAR V4.00 .prob .ccm
.pst .ccm
.pst_[ITER] .ccm_[ITER]
.pstt .pstt
.trk .smap .rsi
.rpo
parm.inc
.evt
7.
Documentation
1. Six new tutorial examples have been added to the es-ice Tutorials volume to illustrate the following processes: (a) (b) (c) (d) Importing and repairing a CAD surface (Chapter 2) Post-processing the analysis results for general cases (Chapter 9) Running a multi-cycle analysis (Chapter 10) Using the mesh replacement method to improve the simulation accuracy (Chapter 12) (e) Running a multiple cylinder analysis (Chapter 13) (f) Post-processing the analysis results for sector models (Chapter 15) 2. A new Best Practices manual has been added to the documentation set, containing comprehensive advice on how to use CD-adapco engine simulation suite. 3. The content of the STAR-CD and es-ice User Guides has been rationalised so as to avoid repetition and to transfer information of interest to engine simulation users to the es-ice User Guide. The latter also contains three Appendices: (a) Appendix A covers extensions to the DARS-TIF model accessible through pro-STARs Extended Data facility (b) Appendix B covers an alternative method of simulating engine knock based on the DARS-CFD library. This also uses Extended Data. (c) Appendix C covers alternative methods for defining the chemical reaction mechanism and EGR composition in runs that use the G-equation model. Both are implemented via Extended Data. 4. es-ice manuals can now be displayed in PDF form by selecting them from the Help
5
drop-down menu in the main es-ice GUI window.

1. Introduction
2.
pro-STAR pre- and post-processing

2.1 New developments 1. An additional mesh quality metric has been added to the existing set. This evaluates mesh orthogonality by checking the extent to which local mesh skewness takes on a chevron-like appearance (see the on-line Help text for panel Check Grids). 2. The performance of some key pro-STAR commands has improved since V4.12. These include commands RCCM, CPCREATE, SETREAD, SETWRITE and IFILE. 3. All command changes relative to V4.12 (including additions and deletions) are summarised in Appendix H of this document. 2.2 Cautionary points 1. pro-STAR no longer supports the facility for running STAR interactively via its Model Guide interface but retains the option of submitting pro-STAR batch runs. Therefore, panel Run Analysis Interactively has been replaced by a new panel called Create Batch File. Beginning with this release, users need to exit from pro-STAR after building their model and submit the STAR solver run from their terminal command window. 2. In ASI cases, contour plots will still be discontinuous across the attached boundaries. This is because cell faces on each side of the ATTACH boundary interface are defined by different vertices. Although pro-STAR has information about which cell faces match, it doesn't know which vertices match. Therefore, each side retains its own separate vertices, resulting in solution data being averaged only within that side. This discontinuity will be less pronounced for finer meshes. 3. When moving files from a Windows-based operating system to a Unix-based system, please note that Unix does not support the alternate character sets present in some languages (e.g. if the user has a Windows filename with Japanese or Chinese characters, the file will not be recognised by the Unix port).
3.

3.1 General 1. The default pro-STAR version number is now 4.14. 2. At selected key points during an engine simulation cycle, the es-ice interface allows
1
the use of multiple meshes for the same engine geometry. This technique (currently available as a beta feature) aims to achieve greater solution accuracy without sacrificing turn-around time and is described under Multiple Meshes for Simulation with Mesh Replacement in Chapter 5 of the es-ice User Guide. 3. The method of using mesh ahead files in multi-core machines has been revised and the changes reflected in the new mvmesh.sh panel see Chapter 10 of the es-ice User Guide. 4. Three additional engine performance quantities (Indicated Mean Effective Pressure, Indicated Power/Cylinder, Indicated Work/Cycle) can now be calculated from data stored in file es-ice.pos see Calculating Global Engine Quantities in Chapter 11 of the es-ice User Guide. 5. The STAR-CCM+ surface preparation tools are now recommended for importing, repairing and meshing surface geometries to be used in es-ice models see Using STAR-CCM+ for Surface Meshing in Chapter 2 of the es-ice User Guide. These options will be used by default if a model created under an older version of es-ice is resumed in es-ice V4.14 so users do not need to take any action. 3.2 Trimmed-mesh modelling 1. The 2D template for a trimmed mesh (currently available as a beta feature) may now be created automatically using the new Automatic 2D Parameters tool see Chapter 3 of the es-ice User Guide. 2. A true 4-valve mesh may be created by reflecting a trimmed half-mesh about the axis of symmetry see Create a 4-Valve Model in Chapter 5 of the es-ice User Guide. 3. The mesh smoother algorithm has been improved. These improvements are switched on by default when creating new models. Older models can utilize the improvements by setting the following flags: -use-vertex-tet-check-on-iteration -use-alignment 3.3 Mapped-mesh modelling 1. The method of creating a true 4-valve mesh from a half-mesh is also valid for mapped-mesh models. 3.4 Cautionary points 1. When using multiple meshes in mesh-replacement runs, please note the following: (a) It is advisable for the volumes of the mesh being replaced and the mesh that is replacing it to be conformal (b) The code is not able at present to cycle-average heat transfer results from a mesh-replacement analysis 2. es-ice no longer supports STAR-CD V3.xx 3. In the previous es-ice version, options -mvmeshcpus and -mvmeshlahead were issued as part of the STAR command line. In this version, they are included in the mvmesh.sh script. Therefore, clients are strongly advised to use this scripts settings to specify the allocation of cpus between STAR and Ice (see Chapter 13,
2
Running the Analysis in the es-ice User Guide) rather than the old STAR command line method. By default, one core is used for the moving mesh code so the number of requested cpus must be one greater than the decomposition being used. 3.5 STAR controls 1. The Wiebe model, suitable for pre-mixed engine simulations, has been added to the family of combustion models available to es-ice users see Chapter 11 of the STAR Methodology volume and Chapter 7 Wiebe model in the es-ice User Guide. 2. The Boundary conditions panel offers a number of additional options see Chapter 7 Boundary Conditions in the es-ice User Guide. These include: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Specifying different temperature zones along the length of the cylinder wall Assigning boundary region numbers to different parts of the boundary Checking the validity of boundary regions Joining-up regions assigned to the same boundary conditions A choice of four different models (Standard, Han/Reitz, Angleberger and Modified Angleberger) when specifying wall functions under the Global settings tab. A description of the theory behind them is given in Chapter 6, In-cylinder wall functions of the STAR Methodology volume.
3. If the PDSF Moments method is used to model soot creation, a number of measurable soot-related quantities (see Soot Measurable Quantities in Chapter 7 of the es-ice User Guide) are included in the es-ice output file.
4.
STAR solver
4.1 New developments 1. A new option for calculating engine knock, DARS-Knock, has been introduced alongside the existing DARS-Shell facility (see p. 11-41 of the STAR-CD Methodology volume and p. 20-52 of the CCM User Guide). These employ detailed (DARS-CFD) and simplified (DARS-Shell) reaction mechanisms for predicting knock. Two-way coupling between between DARS-Knock and the main combustion model is also available for the G-equation model. 2. Surface-to-surface thermal radiation is now supported for multi-fluid models (e.g. radiative heat exchange between a mould and external boundaries in melting / solidification cases) 3. Tabulated values for all thermophysical properties are now used by default in the STAR solver (see Chapter 3, Tabulated thermophysical properties in the CCM User Guide). 4. The G-equation combustion model has been restructured to incorporate a number of improvements, including a new wall treatment for the G variable and flame speed. 5. A mesh replacement facility, primarily intended for running IC engine cases, has been introduced into the STAR solver. Its main feature is that, during a single continuous run, the computational grid is replaced by a series of different grids at user-specified times and the current solutions are automatically mapped from one grid to another as the simulation proceeds. Runs of this kind are treated by
3
pro-STAR, es-ice and STAR as a single case residing in its top case directory. Details of how to set up a mesh-replacement run are given in Chapter 5 of the es-ice User Guide (see Section 3.1, item 2 above) but please remember that this is still a beta feature that is currently undergoing extensive testing. Please also bear in mind the following points: (a) The top case directory contains .mdl file as well as all data input files and user coding needed to carry out a full simulation. The replacement meshes should be resident in sub-directories under the top case directory together with all their corresponding input files and user coding. These meshes are read in at userspecified times by the solver and the solution is mapped from the previous mesh using one of available mapping methods, i.e. Gaussian Gradient (default), Least Square Gradient or Inverse Distance Weighting. (b) All data specified in a sub-directory containing a replacement mesh will override the data specified for the previously-used mesh except for the mesh-replacement, restart read/write and run-time data. The latter are read in from the .prob file in the top case directory. All output files appear in that directory and contain information for the whole simulation run. (c) The following models/features are not currently supported for cases involving: i) Solid materials ii) Steady-state runs iii) Transient load steps iv) Moving-mesh cases specified via pro-STAR v) Mesh-preview runs vi) The SEM (Synthetic Eddy Method) turbulence model vii) Eulerian two-phase and multi-phase simulation viii) Multi-fluid (melting/solidification) simulation ix) Time-parallel runs 4.2 Cautionary points 1. The STAR V4.14 solver now runs only in double precision mode. As a result, single precision runs are no longer available and the double precsion run option (-dp) present in earlier versions of STAR-CD is no longer applicable 2. By default, restart (solution data) files are also written in double precision. However, users retain the option of storing such data in single precision if required. 3. The Disccrete Element Method (DEM) facility is no longer supported in the current STAR-CD version. The relevant documentation has also been removed from the Supplementary Notes volume.
5.
Port-specific items
5.1 End-of-life notices for STAR-CD ports V4.14 will be the last STAR-CD version supported on AIX Power systems. 5.2 Windows ports 1. STAR-CD V4.14 is now supported on Windows 7. Please refer to the V4.14 Installation Guide for details on how to install it under this operating system. 2. Due to GT-POWER limitations, coupled STAR-CD / GT-POWER calculations can
4
only be performed if the case directory is located on a local drive. Calculations using remote Windows file systems are not supported by GT Inc.
6.

.pst .ccm
.pstt .pstt
.trk .smap .rsi
.rpo
parm.inc
.evt
7.
Documentation
1. Case descriptions throughout the STAR-CD Tutorials volume have being updated to reflect the fact (noted above) that running STAR interactively via the pro-STAR interface is no longer possible; also that STAR itself always runs in double-precision mode. 2. A description of the method for displaying poor-quality cells, previously included in the V4.12 Supplementary Notes, is now presented in the Post-Processing User Guide, Chapter 1. 3. New versions of the manuals for products es-sofc (V2.10) and es-pemfc (V2.50) are now available. 4. A new manual called STAR Methodology has been added to the es-ice documentation set. This describes the theory behind the thermophysical models used by CD-adapcos STAR solver to analyze engine-related problems. At present, the manual covers models accessible via both the pro-STAR and es-ice interfaces but will gradually be tailored solely to es-ice features.

1. Introduction
2.
Pre- and Post-processing

2.1 New Developments 1. The pro-STAR interface has been upgraded to allow: (a) An unlimited number of user-specified local coordinate systems and porous materials (b) Export of meshes containing i) five-node pyramidal cells in Nastran format; ii) polyhedral cells in CGNS format. Note that the CGNS version packaged with pro-STAR is V3.0.5. (c) Selecting double-precision data for the restart file 2. An additional mesh quality metric has been added to the existing set. This checks the ratio of a cells volume to that of its largest neighbour (see the on-line Help text for panel Check Grids). 3. A number of features previously described in V4.10 Supplementary Notes are now fully supported by the pro-STAR interface and are therefore documented like any other STAR-CD feature: (a) Setting up models to simulate closely-coupled fluid-solid interaction due to large displacements of the solid mesh (see Chapter 17 of the Methodology volume and Chapter 14 of the CCM User Guide). Such simulations are performed entirely within the STAR-CD environment. (b) The previous data-file exchange method of coupling STAR-CD to the Abaqus stress analysis package has been augmented by a new approach that uses direct coupling and seamless running of the two simulation suites see Chapter 15 of the CCM User Guide. (c) Specifying droplet break-up behaviour parameters for the Bai-Gosman spray impingement model see Chapter 12 of the Methodology volume and the on-line Help text for panel Droplet Physical Models. 4. All command changes relative to V4.10 (including additions and deletions) are summarised in Appendix G of this document.
2.2 Cautionary Points 1. The READ option of the ENSIGHT command for importing geometry data from the Ensight package is no longer supported.
3.
STAR-CD Solver
3.1 New Developments 1. The ECFM and ECFM-3Z models may now be used in studies involving oxygenated fuel combustion see Oxygenated fuels in ECFM / ECFM-3Z models in Chapter 20 of the CCM User Guide. 2. The Continuous Multi-Component (CMC) model has been introduced to determine the distribution of an infinite number of fuel components (treated as a continuum) transported in the solution domain and subject to phase change, but without having to solve transport equations for each component see Chapter 12 of the Supplementary Notes volume. 3. The AKTIM ignition model is now available for use in conjunction with the ECFM-CLEH combustion model see Combustion model selection in Chapter 20 of the CCM User Guide. 4. An alternative method for simulating NOx generation has been added, based on a flamelet library similar to that used for soot modelling see Flamelet Library method for NOx in Chapter 10 of the Methodology volume and Chapter 20 of the CCM User Guide. 5. The range of combustion models based on the DARS suite has been extended with the addition of DARS-TIF, a STAR-CD plug-in that uses the transient interactive flamelets (TIF) method to simulate detailed chemistry and turbulence effects on auto-ignition and combustion processes see Chapter 20 of the Supplementary Notes volume. 6. A new method for limiting the calculated values of scalar variables has been introduced to ensure bounded and consistent results in combustion simulations see Chapter 4 of the Methodology volume and Chapter 5 of the CCM User Guide. 7. A model that allows for spray-induced turbulence has been implemented in the LES sub-grid turbulence kinetic energy calculation see Chapter 2 in the Methodology volume and the on-line Help text for panel Turbulence Models 8. The three-time-level time discretization schemes is now supported in multi-fluid flow models. 9. A special interface has been developed to allow coupling of STAR-CD to OLGA, a third-party pipeline flow package developed for the oil and gas industry see Chapter 17 of the Supplementary Notes volume. 10. The following developments have taken place in the Eulerian Multiphase area: (a) Two common models for non-drag forces (Tomiyama lift force; Antal wall lubrication force) have been added as standard models. Alternative models may also be introduced via user subroutines. (b) Variable-density or weakly-compressible multiphase flows are now possible, with models introduced via user subroutines to define properties and with mass flux boundary conditions specified at inlets. This extension is particularly useful for bubbly flows where gas density can vary significantly with depth. (c) Multiphase user-defined scalar variables have been introduced allowing the
2
development of advanced models (e.g. reacting multiphase flows). This release has focussed on: i) Arbitrary algebraic scalars These are scalar fields that can be set or accessed from any user routine and automatically included in the restart file. They are useful both in user modelling (e.g. where a mass fraction is calculated as 1.0 minus the sum of all other fractions) and for capture and visualisation of intermediate results, such as plotting reaction rate distributions. ii) Transported scalars of the mass fraction class These allow modelling of arbitrary properties transported with the fluid mass, such as a species mass fraction. User-defined source terms can be added to the transport equation to define the interaction of each scalar with the rest of the model. Chapter 13 of the Methodology volume specifies the new non-drag and scalar models. Chapters 15 and 16 of the Supplementary Notes volume describe Extended Data and user-subroutine interfaces for running the above models. HPC-related developments 1. The default behaviour of the metis decomposition algorithm has changed so that the threshold value for switching from the PartGraphRecursive (pmetis) to PartGraphKway (kmetis) algorithm has been increased from 8- to 1024-way decompositions in order to achieve better load balancing. As a result, different metis decompositions will be calculated in the range of 9- to 1024-way decompositions compared to previous versions of the code. 2. Slave processor standard output (FORTRAN unit 6) has been disabled and redirected to a file named stdout in the processors working scratch directories. Therefore, printouts from slave processors running user coding do not appear by default on the users screen. It is possible to recover slave processor printouts by instructing the STAR run script to save the stdout files at the end of the simulation, i.e. star -save=stdout .... Alternatively, it is possible to enable slave processor printouts by setting the environment variable HPC_ENABLE_SLAVE_STDOUT to 1, i.e. star -set HPC_ENABLE_SLAVE_STDOUT=1 .... 3. When running simulations in multiple moving mesh lookahead mode (star option -mvmeshlahead=n, n>1), the lookahead algorithm may fail at the time step immediately after a time period change. The code will detect such a situation and take corrective action, by executing that time step in no-lookahead mode. Following this, execution will resume in the originally specified multiple lookahead mode. 3.2 Cautionary points 1. STAR-CD V4.12 is compatible with Abaqus V6.8, but users should note that all development and testing has been based on V6.8-2. 2. STAR-CD V4.12 is compatible with GT-Power V6.2. Development and testing
3
have been based on V6.2 Build 11. Note that when running a coupled STAR-CD/GT-Power case using GT-Power versions V6.2 Build 8 to V6.2 Build 12, it is possible that the run may hang at the last time step of the analysis. The workaround for this problem is to make the GT-Power analysis duration slightly longer than the STAR-CD duration (or make the STAR-CD duration slightly less than that for GT-Power). The necessary change should be such that: (GT-Power analysis time - STAR-CD analysis time) < STAR-CD time step size 3. The supported Boost version for a coupled STAR-CD/Boost run is V5.1.1 4. The supported OLGA version for a coupled STAR-CD/OLGA run is V5.3.2.
4.
Port-specific Items
4.1 End-of-Life Notices for STAR-CD Ports 1. The HP-UX PA-Risc port is no longer supplied for STAR-CD V4.12 2. Linux Itanium and PGI 6.2 compiled Linux x86_64 are no longer generally available. Users need to raise a request with CD-adapco User Support to obtain these ports. Furthermore, they will not be provided in future STAR-CD releases. 3. We are also planning the schedule for dropping 32-bit ports for Windows and Linux x86. Depending on customer demand, these ports may not be supported after V4.12. 4.2 Intel compiler ports For the Linux x86_64 port and the Windows 32-bit and 64-bit ports, the Intel Fortran compiler is upgraded to version 11.1.046 for the STAR solver. For cases that require user coding, the corresponding Intel Fortran compiler needs to be installed on the compiler host? machine used for user coding compilation. 4.3 Windows Ports 1. In the current range of Windows operating systems, full testing has been performed on Windows 32-bit XP SP2, Windows 64-bit XP SP2 and Windows HPC server 2008 SP1. The code should also work on the Windows versions shown below: (a) Windows 2003 Server 64-bit and 32-bit (b) Windows Vista 64-bit and 32-bit (c) Windows Server 2008 64-bit 2. The following V4.12 features are not currently available for Windows ports: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) The STAR-CD/Abaqus direct coupling interface (DCI) The DARS-CFD (Digital Analysis of Reaction Systems) plug-in The DOLFA (Database for On-Line Function Approximation) plug-in The SOOTNOX (flamelet library for thermal NOx modelling) plug-in The DEM (Discrete Element Modelling) plug-in Product es-aftertreatment Third-party engine simulation tools BOOST and WAVE
3. The use of Windows 2008 HPC server is subject to the following limitations: (a) For parallel runs, both the working directory and the STAR-CD V4.12 installation directory must be located on the cluster head node; network4
attached storage is not supported. (b) Cases relying on external mesh-moving code (e.g. es-ice) cannot be submitted to the Microsoft job scheduler. 4. STAR-CD V4.12 supports runs on a Windows Fileserver installation at a specified Universal Naming Convention (UNC) location. The system administrator must install STAR-CD on a file server and separately install STAR-CD dependencies on a local client machine (see the STAR-CD V4.12 Installation Guide for details of the installation procedure). To run STAR-CD from a file server installation, users must add the host name of the STAR-CD installation to the Trusted Sites of their local computer. To do this, go to Control Panel > Internet Options, select the Security tab, select Trusted Sites, click Sites, enter the host name of the file server into the Trusted Sites dialog and then click Add. 5. STAR-CD V4.12 users relying on Windows network file servers for either the STAR-CD installation directory or for their working directory must use special syntax in providing certain arguments for the star command. This is because the Microsoft Windows Power Shell program is involved in parsing the command. The requirement is that star command arguments using commas or blank spaces for separators must be contained within a double quote/single quote syntax, as follows: Comma separator:"'option1,option2'" Space separator:"'option1 option2'" As an example, consider the following command in the form that would be used without a Windows Fileserver: star -dp -copy="es-ice.inp es-ice1.inp" host,2 For use with a Windows Fileserver installation and/or working directory, the equivalent command would be: star -dp "'-copy=es-ice.inp es-ice1.inp'" "'host,2'" Note the change of position of the quotes in the -copy argument between the two forms; it moves in front of the -copy flag in the second form. Users can use equivalent arguments to avoid using the special structure, for example: star host,2 can be replaced with star host host There is also a defect in STAR-Launch for parallel runs. The command star host,n is treated as
5
star host n Although the code may run with the expected results, the number of parallel domains is one more than expected: 1 process running on host and n processes running on the local machine (which can be the same as host). 6. pro-STAR generated text files (such as .prob and .drp files) are created in ASCII DOS format. If you move text files created by a Windows run to a Linux/Unix environment, the extra control characters in these files must be removed so as to convert the file to native Unix format. On Linux machines, this can be done using the dos2unix command. 4.4 Cray-XT The STAR-CD product is supported on Cray-XT. Third-party products (such as GT-Power, Abaqus, Boost, etc.) have not been tested.
5.
V4.04/V4.06/V4.08/V4.10/V4.12 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names

.pst .ccm
.pstt .pstt
.trk .smap .rsi
.rpo
parm.inc
.evt
6.
Documentation
1. A new chapter (Chapter 20) has been added to the CCM User Guide, listing the current modelling facilities available in STAR-CD through plug-in modules. It also contains a detailed description of advanced IC engine models accessed via es-ice GUI panels. 2. Four new tutorials have been added to the Tutorials volume, illustrating the use of STAR-CD for solving solid stress analysis problems.
6
(a) Tutorials 17.1 to 17.2 cover different aspects of the calculation and display of thermal stress resulting from heat transfer between a fluid stream and a solid component. (b) Tutorial 17.3 describes a case of coupled fluid-solid interaction in which the solid mesh is subject to large displacements. (c) Tutorial 17.4 essentially solves the same problem as Tutorial 17.2 except that it employs a different mesh and performs stress calculations using the Abaqus suite. 3. New versions of the manuals for products es-sofc (V2.10) and es-pemfc (V2.40) are now available.

1. Introduction
STAR-CD V4.10 is an upgraded version of our STAR-CD suite, designed to address outstanding issues arising from previous releases and to add a number of important enhancements:
2.

2.1 New Developments 1. The following modeling capabilities, previously implemented via Extended Data and described in the Supplementary Notes for older STAR-CD versions, are now supported by pro-STAR commands and GUI options: (a) Melting/solidification analysis a new panel and associated commands has been added to the pro-STAR Model Guide; see Chapter 14 in the Methodology volume and Chapter 11 in the CCM User Guide. (b) Combined melting/solidification and stress analysis this uses the above facility plus the solid stress analysis panels introduced in STAR-CD V4.08; see Chapters 11 and 14 in the CCM User Guide. 2. In liquid spray problems, fuel droplet properties may now be defined using a new built-in database containing data supplied by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 3. A new, more rigorous check for mesh self-intersection has been added to the AutoMesh module see Chapter 17 of the Meshing User Guide. 4. All command changes relative to V4.08 (including additions and deletions) are summarised in Appendix F of this document. 2.2 Cautionary Points 1. The Advanced Transients panel, previously accessible from the main pro-STAR window, is no longer supported as a GUI feature. However, its full functionality is still available through the relevant pro-STAR commands, as described in the CCM User Guide (Chapter 5, Load-step based solution mode). 2. Resuming a previously set up melting/solidification model from an existing Extended Data set is not possible. Users need to rebuild their models from scratch using the new melting/solidification GUI panels. Note also that input of a table that accounts for so-called mushy zones in the phase diagram is no longer a standard feature in the current release. Users that need this facility should contact CD-adapcos Agent Support or their Sales Representative for further assistance. 3. Cases containing arbitrary sliding interfaces (ASIs) are usually handled by assigning ATTACH boundaries to these interfaces. By default, if such boundaries
1
are internal (i.e. within the mesh interior and between cells of the same type) they will not be displayed. Those exposed on the mesh surface will be plotted as solid lines. If desired, users can employ the ON/OFF options of the PLATTACH command to enforce/suppress ASI plotting regardless of whether their ATTACH boundaries are internal or exposed relative to the current mesh. Note that ATTACH boundaries disappear if the mesh layer to which they are attached is deleted. As a result, pro-STAR sees a virtual mesh discontinuity at that location and will therefore display a solid line in the next plot. 4. The TSTAR command has been reintroduced. Its format is different from the previous V3.2X version so users will need to consult the on-line pro-STAR command Help for a description of its new functionality. Note that TSTAR must not be used on transient post data files created by STAR running in parallel I/O mode. 5. As a result of new developments in pro-STARs meshing operations, command LIVE may run more slowly compared to previous STAR-CD versions.
3.
STAR-CD Solver
3.1 New Developments 1. STAR-CD can now handle variable r.p.m. and multi-cycle engine simulation cases see the on-line Help topic for panel Time Relationships and related topics on fuel injection and ignition timing. 2. A new facility (DARS-Shell) for calculating engine knock has been developed by combining the Shell auto-ignition model with the DARS-CFD library see Chapter 9 of the Supplementary Notes volume. 3. The Angelberger wall function, valid for both high and low Reynolds number turbulence models, has been implemented in the STAR solver (see Chapter 6 of the Methodology volume). This option is also fully supported by the pro-STAR interface see the on-line Help topic for panel Turbulence Models (Near-Wall Treatment). 4. A new ECFM-type model, ECFM-CLEH, capable of handling all combustion regimes has been added to the existing model range see Chapter 11 in the Methodology volume and Chapter 8 in the CCM User Guide. 5. STAR-CD now includes a link to the BOOST engine system simulation tool, capable of automatic boundary condition updating at inlet and/or pressure boundaries during engine simulation runs. 6. The following developments have taken place in the Lagrangian multiphase area: (a) Multicomponent liquid droplets may be modelled either as a miscible or an emulsified mixture see Chapter 12 of the Methodology volume. (b) The Bai spray impingement model has been extended to account for wall temperature effects on droplet break-up behaviour see Chapter 12 of the Methodology volume for the theoretical background, and Chapter 17 in the Supplementary Notes volume on how to change model parameters. 7. The STAR-CD/ABAQUS direct coupling interface (DCI) has been made more flexible by allowing users to supply units for the data exported/imported to/from ABAQUS and also for the ABAQUS node positions see Chapter 20 in the Supplementary Notes volume.
2
8. STAR-CD can now simulate and display large displacements and large rotations in solid stress analysis problems see Chapter 12 of the Supplementary Notes volume. 9. The following developments have taken place in the Eulerian multiphase area: (a) Heat transfer simulation is now available using the SINCE multiphase solver as a default. An alternative phase coupled solver can also be used for cases with strong heat transfer coupling between the phases. (b) Non-drag forces for lift and virtual mass have been extended to multiphase flows. (c) In previous releases, the PISO algorithm was the only available choice for solving transient Eulerian two-phase flows. Starting with this release, the SIMPLE algorithm is also available and is suitable for solving general transient multiphase problems see Chapter 15 in the Supplementary Notes volume for new Extended Data keywords to control time step and output frequency in multiphase transient runs. HPC-related developments 1. For parallel runs, it is sometimes important to keep the complete vertex set on each individual process taking part in the calculation, i.e. each partition stores all vertices in the mesh. Prior to STAR-CD V4.10, this was the default behaviour for moving mesh cases whereas in all other cases each process kept the local vertex set only. Starting from V4.10, the default in all cases is for each partition to store only local vertex data. However, the user has the option of overriding the default and reverting to the non-decomposed vertex set status. This may be done by specifying the following option at the decomposition step: -decompflags=novd 2. Users employing the NEWXYZ subroutine should also note the advise given in section NEWXYZ usage in Chapter 16 the CCM User Guide, as several changes to the code of this subroutine may be necessary to make it work with the new default. If the user does not want or cannot perform these changes, the aforementioned flag should be used. In adopting the new default on the other hand, the user should remember to copy (using the -copy= run-time option) all the relevant data files that might be read from inside NEWXYZ. 3. When running external moving-mesh cases coupled to es-ice, grids at multiple time steps can now be calculated in advance. The number of time steps for which this calculation is required is determined by the -mvmeshlahead=n option, where n is the number of time steps. The default is to calculate a single time step in advance. Note that the -nolookahead option has been removed and replaced by the -mvmeshlahead=0 option. 3.2 Cautionary points 1. The option for solving radiative heat transfer problems that involve only solar radiation is not available in the STAR-CD V4.X series. Problems in which solar radiation effects are important can only be solved by switching on thermal radiation as well.
3
2. In addition, STAR-CD V4.X does not support user subroutine USOLAR, used in the V3.X series to specify varying solar radiation parameters. 3. pro-STAR does not write the problem file correctly in moving mesh cases that combine Event processing with mesh movement effected solely via user subroutine NEWXYZ. For correct operation, users must issue command mvgrid on event none before writing the problem file. 4. Users employing either csh or tcsh as their default Unix shell need to be aware of potential MPI problems caused by poorly-written .cshrc files. This file is executed whenever a new shell is created, and this can cause MPI jobs to fail. Examples of possible problems are defining the TMPDIR environment variable or stty settings without checking whether a shell is running in batch mode or under a remote shell session. If STAR fails to run on a cluster but renaming your .cshrc file fixes the problem, then you have a poorly-written .cshrc file. This problem can be avoided by setting TMPDIR to a local disk and protecting settings like stty with an if condition to test for interactive sessions, for example: if ( $?TERM && "tty | rep -v not a tty" != "" ) then Most users will not need a .cshrc file and renaming this file as .login will also work. Please also note that the ksh and bash shells do not suffer from any of these problems. 5. STAR V4.10 remains compatible with GT-Power V6.2 but users should note that all development and testing has been based on V6.2 Build 11.
4.
Port-specific Items
4.1 End-of-Life Notices for STAR-CD Ports STAR-CD V4.10 will be the last version supported (including bug-fix patches) for Windows CCS. In addition, the V4.10 release is likely to be the last version supporting the following platforms or ports: HP-UX PA-Risc Linux Itanium Linux x86_64 compiled with the PGI 6.2 compiler. The Intel compiler port is now the default for V4.10 due to a significant performance improvement. We are still supplying the PGI compiler port for the sake of continuity, but may stop supporting it in the next STAR-CD release if the updated PGI compiler does not offer an improved performance.
4.2 Windows Ports 1. The following V4.10 features are not currently available for Windows ports: (a) (b) (c) (d) The STAR-CD/ABAQUS direct coupling interface (DCI) The DARS-CFD (Digital Analysis of Reaction Systems) plug-in The DOLFA (Database for On-Line Function Approximation) plug-in The DEM (Discrete Element Modelling) plug-in
4
(e) Product es-aftertreatment (f) Third-party engine simulation tools BOOST and WAVE 2. The use of Windows CCS and HPC server is subject to the following limitations: (a) For parallel runs, both the working directory and the STAR-CD V4.10 installation directory must be located on the cluster head node; networkattached storage is not supported. (b) Cases relying on external mesh-moving code (e.g. es-ice) cannot be submitted to the Microsoft job scheduler. 3. STAR-CD V4.10 supports runs on a Windows Fileserver installation at a specified Universal Naming Convention (UNC) location. The system administrator must install STAR-CD on a fileserver and separately install STAR-CD dependencies on a local client machine (see the STAR-CD V4.10 Installation Guide for details of the installation procedure). To run STAR-CD from a fileserver installation, users must add the host name of the STAR-CD installation to the Trusted Sites of their local computer. To do this, go to Control Panel > Internet Options, select the Security tab, select Trusted Sites, click Sites, enter the hostname of the fileserver into the Trusted Sites dialog and then click Add. 4. STAR-CD V4.10 users relying on Windows network file servers for either the STAR-CD installation directory or for their working directory must use special syntax in providing certain arguments for the star command. This is because the Microsoft Windows Power Shell program is involved in parsing the command. The requirement is that star command arguments using commas or blank spaces for separators must be contained within a double quote/single quote syntax, as follows: Comma separator:"'option1,option2'" Space separator:"'option1 option2'" As an example, consider the following command in the form that would be used without a Windows Fileserver: star -dp -copy="es-ice.inp es-ice1.inp" host,2 For use with a Windows Fileserver installation and/or working directory, the equivalent command would be: star -dp "'-copy=es-ice.inp es-ice1.inp'" "'host,2'" Note the change of position of the quotes in the -copy argument between the two forms; it moves in front of the -copy flag in the second form. Users can use equivalent arguments to avoid using the special structure, for example: star host,2 can be replaced with
5
star host host There is also a defect in STAR-Launch for parallel runs. The command star host,n is treated as star host n Although the code may run with the expected results, the number of parallel domains is one more than expected: 1 process running on host and n processes running on the local machine (which can be the same as host). 5. pro-STAR generated text files (such as .prob and .drp files) are created in ASCII DOS format. If you move text files created by a Windows run to a Linux/Unix environment, the extra control characters in these files must be removed so as to convert the file to native Unix format. On Linux machines, this can be done using the dos2unix command.
5.
V4.04/V4.06/V4.08/V4.10 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names

.pst .ccm
.pstt .pstt
.trk .smap .rsi
.rpo
parm.inc
.evt
STAR V4.04 STAR V4.06 .prob .ccmg .ccmp .ccmp_[ITER] .ccmt .trk .ccms .rsi .ccmr Not used Not used STAR V4.08 A list of all V4.10 supported file types and extensions is given in Appendix B of the CCM User Guide. Users should also note that when the parallel I/O mode is in operation, a number of extra files are generated, as described on p. E-7 of the CCM User Guide.
6.
Documentation
1. Full documentation for expert system products es-pemfc, es-sofc, es-aftertreatment can now be accessed via the Help menu in the main pro-STAR window. The es-after documentation is supplied in two volumes, User Guide and Tutorials. 2. A new tutorial describing rainwater film formation on a car windscreen and its movement under the combined action of gravity and windscreen wipers has been
6
added to the standard STAR-CD tutorial set as Tutorial 14.4.

1. Introduction
STAR-CD V4.08 is an upgraded version of our STAR-CD suite, designed to address outstanding issues arising from previous releases and to add a number of important enhancements: New physics simulation capabilities, especially for multi-fluid and n-phase Eulerian multi-phase flows. Improved solid stress analysis options, including GUI support for pre- and post-processing of the built-in solid stress models and the availability of coupled STAR-CD/ABAQUS runs Major HPC-related developments, including transient runs in time-parallel mode, parallel I/O operations and performance improvements for parallel calculations in es-ice.
2.

2.1 New Developments 1. All pro-STAR commands and GUI panels dealing with simulation of free surface and cavitation have been replaced by new versions that interface with the solvers new multi-fluid modelling capabilities (see Chapter 11 of the CCM User Guide). The new facilities also support a porous wall option (whereby selected wall boundaries can allow one of the multi-fluid mixtures components to escape into the solution domain exterior) and semi-permeable baffles (whereby selected baffle boundaries can allow a multi-fluid component to pass through them as if they were porous). 2. The following modeling capabilities, previously implemented via Extended Data and described in the V4.06 Supplementary Notes are now supported via pro-STAR commands and GUI options: (a) Solid stress analysis new panels and 7 new boundary region types have been added into the pro-STAR Model Guide to cover all features previously supported via Extended Data; see Chapter 17 in the Methodology volume and Chapter 14 in the CCM User Guide. Note that resuming a previously set up model from its existing Extended Data set is not possible. Users need to rebuild their models from scratch using the new stress analysis GUI panels. (b) Remedying problems caused by poor-quality cells see Chapters 3 and 4 in the Methodology volume and the on-line Help for panel Solution Method. Note that Chapter 22 in the current Supplementary Notes now describes just the method of displaying poor-quality cells, as identified by the STAR solvers built-in cell quality criteria. (c) Using the Implicit Mixing Plane approach for solving multiple rotating
1
(d) (e)
(f)
(g)
reference frame problems see Chapter 13 in the CCM User Guide and the on-line Help for panel Rotating Reference Frames. Choosing the Realizable k- turbulence model see Chapter 2 in the Methodology volume and the on-line Help for panel Turbulence Models Defining generic scalars in order to solve transport equations for additional user-specified flow variables see Chapter 1 in the Methodology volume, Chapter 14 in the CCM User Guide and the on-line Help for panel Generic Scalars. Defining droplet break-up models and thermal diffusion coefficients via user subroutines (see the on-line Help for panels Droplet Physical Models and Binary Properties, respectively. The G-Equation (or Level Set) combustion model see Chapter 11 in the Methodology volume, Chapter 8 in the CCM User Guide and the on-line Help for panel Reaction System.
3. A new method has been developed to handle multiphase data input efficiently. This is known as the Eulerian Multiphase Extended Data Language (or XDL) and is described in Chapter 15 of the Supplementary Notes volume. A detailed description of the user subroutines and programming (coding) practices used in Eulerian multiphase models is given in Chapter 16 of that volume. 4. pro-STARs CAD Import and Surface Meshing module is available as a new release (V4.12) on all supported platforms except for the Windows version of prosurf-batch, which remains at V4.10. The new release supports the import of Pro/ENGINEER WildFire 4 files on all platforms except for Sun Solaris. The latter continues to support the import of Pro/ENGINEER WildFire 3 files. 5. pro-STARs post-processing functionality has been enhanced and extended in the following areas: (a) More powerful and flexible mapping facilities, particularly the extended SMAP function which can perform mapping using distance-weighted averaging and wall post data see Chapter 10 in the Post-Processing User Guide. (b) Ability to display results arising from stress analysis models see Chapter 15 in the above volume. This covers the new stress-related data quantities and also describes how to generate a scaled deformation plot. 6. The following facilities have been added to enhance the pro-STAR GUI displays: (a) You have the option of displaying the pro-STAR interface as a single window (the default setting) or as three separate windows: the Plot window, the I/O window and the NavCenter window. To display three separate windows, run pro-STAR with the -classic option. (b) The Plot window can have either a fixed or a variable aspect ratio (the default). The default setting also maximizes the area of the Plot window on your screen. (c) Upon quitting pro-STAR, the window sizes and toolbar positions will be saved and then restored for the next session. To return to the default window settings, use the Restore Layout option from the File menu. (d) A .prostarrc.xml resource file, located in your home directory, allows you to customize the look of the pro-STAR interface. Note that: i) The font type and size can be customized by editing the following three items in this file:
2
OUTPUT for the contents of the I/O window PANEL for the labels of all panels under the NavCenter window APPLICATION for anything not covered by the above two items ii) The colour can also be customized with the COLOR resource item. There is only one colour resource for the entire application but you can still change the foreground and background colours. (e) The I/O window can be be placed to the right of the Plot window or below it (the default setting). The desired setting may be selected via a toggle button on the top toolbar. 7. All command changes relative to V4.06 (including additions and deletions) are summarised in Appendix E of this document. 2.2 Cautionary Points 1. There is no Close button on the NavCenter window when pro-STAR is run in the -classic mode. Use the standard Minimize button to close this window by iconizing it on your screen. 2. If you wish to import a prep.inp file with predefined screen co-ordinates, you will need to lock the aspect ratio using command ASPR. This is necessary because the Plot window uses a variable aspect ratio by default. 3. The .prostarrc.xml resource file contains many resource items. Unless you are familiar with what you are changing, it is recommended that you change only items up to the line beginning with <!-- WARNING. If for any reason you introduce unwanted settings, just delete the current .prostarrc.xml file. pro-STAR will restore the default file the next time it starts up. 4. When post-processing data from ASI runs, pro-STAR displays spurious boundary lines along sliding interfaces in sectional plots. There are two ways of supressing such lines: (a) If you are using pro-STAR EVENTS, issue command PLATTACH, OFF immediately after events have been loaded via the EVLOAD command. (b) Use the UPDATECELL option in commands LOAD and TRLOAD. At present, this option will work correctly only if you also add the following Extended Data segment to the problem file at the end of the pre-processing stage: BEGIN POST_DATA WRITE_CELLUPDATE END POST_DATA
3.
STAR-CD Solver
3.1 New Developments 1. For cases employing the LES turbulence model, an improved treatment of inflow boundary conditions is available using the Synthetic Eddy Method (SEM), as described in Chapter 1 of the Supplementary Notes volume. 2. It is now possible to solve solid-fluid interaction problems via coupled STAR-CD/ABAQUS runs. This is achieved via a direct coupling interface that uses Extended Data, as described in Chapter 20 of the Supplementary Notes volume.
3
3. A method of speeding up the solution of problems containing fluids or droplets with temperature- and/or pressure-dependent physical properties has been developed. This involves supplying tabulated property values to the solution run and is described in Chapter 13 of the Supplementary Notes volume. 4. A new capability of modelling liquid film boiling has been added see Chapter 15 in the Methodology volume and the on-line Help for panel Film Controls. 5. STAR-CDs chemical reaction and combustion modelling facilities have been enhanced by several new additions, described in the Supplementary Notes volume: (a) (b) (c) (d) The DARS-TIF combustion model see Chapter 9 Simulation of changes in coal particle density and size see Chapter 4 Modelling surface reactions via user coding see Chapter 10 Provision of tabulated thermophysical properties for gases and liquid droplets see Chapter 13
Improvements to previously available features 1. The free surface and cavitation simulation option, previously based on a heavy and light fluid definition, has been replaced by a general multi-fluid modelling capability that can handle an arbitrary number of components (see Chapter 14 of the Methodology volume). 2. Chapter 13 of the Methodology volume has been extensively re-written to describe STAR-CDs new Eulerian multiphase (as opposed to the previous two-phase) capability, which also now includes a boiling model. 3. The Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) capability has been improved by incorporating models for lift force, various friction coefficients, and inter-particle, particle-fluid and particle-wall heat transfer. Various techniques for speeding up the code have also been developed see the revised Chapter 23 in the Supplementary Notes. 4. STAR-CD 4.08 is packaged with Version 2.04 of the WAVE/STAR-CD interface. This plugin supports WAVE version 5.1 onwards and is the first version to support WAVE 8.1. Note that it is currently not possible to couple STAR-CD to WAVE 8.1 on HP-PA platforms; this will be addressed in a future patch. HPC-related developments 1. Transient runs employing the SIMPLE algorithm may be run in time-parallel mode, using the new ntl run-time option described in Appendix E of the CCM User Guide. The theory behind this approach is given in Chapter 7 of the Methodology volume. This type of run should preferably be started in parallel I/O mode (i.e. using option -pario as well). 2. The domain decomposition step has been optimised for speed, especially when the decomposition is done for a large number of partitions/processors. 3. Various performance improvements have been made to parallel calculations in es-ice, including improvements to the codes domain decomposition, optimization of the message-passing patterns and optimization of ICE-STAR communications. As a result, parallel scaling of es-ice simulations has been significantly improved. 4. A new procedure has been developed for re-mapping data at restart time. This does not require global maps to be built on the master processor. As a result, restarts from a different decomposition data set are more efficient, both in terms of CPU
4
time and memory utilisation. 5. Restarts from a different decomposition data set are now independent of the I/O mode. 3.2 Cautionary points 1. The coupled melting/solidification/stress analysis feature is not supported in V4.08. Users who need this feature should continue using V4.06 instead. 2. Users should refrain from manually changing the name of the results file produced by STAR-CD when running in parallel I/O mode. This name is also stored inside the file itself and changing it after it was written to disk will break either STAR, pro-STAR or both. If the name has been changed and nothing else besides, returning it to its original name is enough to restore the functionality of the file. 3. STAR V4.08 remains compatible with GT-Power V6.2 but users should note that all development and testing has been based on V6.2 Build 9.
4.
Port-specific Items
4.1 End-of-Life Notices for STAR-CD Ports STAR-CD V4.08 will be the last version supported (including bug-fix patches) for the following platforms: HP-UX Itanium SunOS UltraSPARC IBM Power port on AIX 5.2. This will be replaced by a new port on a newer IBM AIX operating system Linux Itanium for RHEL 2.1. Newer Linux distributions will continue to be supported.
In addition, though a final decision has not been made, either the V4.08 or V4.10 release may be the final version issued for the following platforms or ports: Linux x86 (32-bit) Linux x86 (64-bit) running RHEL 3 or SLES 8. Newer porting reference systems are currently being considered. The Linux x86_64 platform compiled with the Absoft Fortran compiler. Benchmark results show that STAR-CD typically runs significantly faster using the PGI Fortran compiler. While the actual speed-up is case- and system-dependent, observed gains typically range from 15% to 23%. The PGI Fortran compiler port has been supported since STAR-CD V3.26 and was the default port for STAR-CD V4.06. In addition, ports using the Intel compiler are being considered as these have the potential for even better performance. The most likely scenario is that STAR-CD will be supported for both PGI and Intel compilers.
5.
V4.04/V4.06/V4.08 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names

An important change in file structure was introduced in V4.04 and carried through to this release, namely the replacement of the combined geometry/results data file (having extension .ccm) by separate files, each containing a single type of data. The reason for the change was
5
(a) the removal of uncertainty as to what kind of data is included in a given file and (b) a very marked improvement in performance, especially when writing STAR files. The following table shows the current conventions for the most commonly used file types. STAR V3.2X .prob .geom STAR V4.00 .prob .ccm .pst .ccm .pst_[ITER] .ccm_[ITER] .pstt .pstt .trk .smap .rsi .rpo parm.inc .evt
STAR V4.04 STAR V4.06 .prob .ccmg .ccmp .ccmp_[ITER] .ccmt .trk .ccms .rsi .ccmr Not used Not used STAR V4.08 A list of all V4.08 supported file types and extensions is given in Appendix B of the CCM User Guide. Users should also note that when the parallel I/O mode is in operation, a number of extra files are generated, as described on p. E-7 of the CCM User Guide.
6.
Documentation
1. The description of pro-STARs mesh morphing function has been enhanced by additional explanatory material on the correct usage of command MORPH. All user information on this function has now been moved from the Supplementary Notes to the main STAR-CD manuals (Chapter 3 of the Methodology volume and Chapter 3 of the Meshing User Guide). 2. The free-surface and cavitation tutorials (4.1 to 4.3) have been rewritten to utilize STAR-CDs multi-fluid facilities.

1. Introduction
STAR-CD V4.06 is a major upgrade of our STAR-CD suite, designed to introduce a number of important new enhancements and address any outstanding issues arising from previous releases, thus easing the transition to the V4.0 series.
2.

2.1 New Developments 1. The following enhancements have been introduced into the AutoMesh tool (see Chapter 17 of the Meshing User Guide for further details): (a) Inclusion of concave and convex angle limits to the prismatic layer generation scheme. These allow additional control over the way in which the subsurface grid is created for cases where the starting CAD surfaces are in close proximity to each other. (b) Mesh quality improvements for cases using no-subsurface boundary type options. This is achieved by re-meshing each boundary surface after the subsurface has been created. The effect can be seen in both tetrahedral and polyhedral volume meshes but please note that the default setting is not to perform this operation. (c) Inclusion of source blending factors for both the tetrahedral and polyhedral volume meshers when volume sources are used. (d) pro-STAR and STAR-CCM+ are now compatible as far as the total cell count of polyhedral meshes is concerned. This means that both software suites will produce the exact same mesh when starting from the same surface mesh for a given machine architecture. 2. The default interpolation basis of pro-STARs mesh morphing function has been changed from inverse multiquadric to multiquadric (see Chapter 21 of the Supplementary Notes volumes for an explanation). To achieve compatibility with Version V4.04, command MORP KVAL -1 needs to be issued before the first use of command MORPH for a mesh morphing operation, and immediately after command MORPH CLEAR. This ensures that inverse multiquadric interpolation is used for subsequent morphing operations. 3. Full GUI support is provided for setting up (a) conjugate heat transfer problems in porous media (see Chapter 6 of the CCM User Guide), (b) the new liquid film modeling facilities mentioned in Section 3.1 below (stripping from sharp edges and surface tension effects on film movement).
4. A new panel has been added to pro-STARs Model Guide to facilitate data input for cases using the DARS-CFD plug-in to simulate complex chemical reactions. The panel also provides a choice for supplying the data either as Fortran 90 modules or ASCII files (see Chapter 7 of the Supplementary Notes volume). 5. es-turbo users can now access the special es-turbo meshing facilities via the standard pro-STAR GUI. 6. A number of detailed enhancements have been made to several commands employed in post-processing operations and their associated GUI panels have been modified. In particular, the PMAP process has been significantly altered to improve its accuracy when mapping from one mesh to another. Such changes are described in Chapters 10 and 13 of the Post-Processing User Guide. 7. All command changes relative to V4.04 (including additions and deletions) are summarised in Appendix D of this document. 2.2 Cautionary Points 1. The manner of specifying the droplet size in post-processing plots is now more flexible, i.e. it is possible to choose between screen units and your models length units (see command DOPTION and its GUI implementation in pro-STARs Model Guide). However, this may necessitate changes to your existing droplet plot scripts. 2. Attempting to read very large geometry (.ccmg) files created by STAR-CCM+ into pro-STAR running in a Linux/Unix environment will cause pro-STAR to crash if the host system has insufficient memory.
3.
STAR-CD Solver
3.1 New Developments 1. The modelling of porous walls for melting and solidification cases has been extended and streamlined for use in general multi-fluid problems. A further capability has also been added for simulating semi-permeable baffles (see Chapter 2 of the Supplementary Notes volume). 2. STAR-CDs liquid film capabilities have been expanded by the provision of (a) a model for simulating stripping from sharp edges, (b) a method of calculating surface tension effects on film movement. The relevant descriptions can be found in Chapter 15 of the Methodology volume and Chapter 12 of the CCM User Guide. 3. A facility for simulating heavily particle-laden systems, where inter-particle interaction is a major influence on the flow characteristics, has been introduced as a plug-in to the STAR solver. This facility is implemented using the Discrete Element Method (DEM), is available as a beta feature and is described in Chapter 23 of the Supplementary Notes volume. 4. An option for identifying poor-quality cells in CFD meshes and improving the overall solution stability is now available and is presented in Chapter 22 of the Supplementary Notes volume. Improvements to previously available features 1. Extensive testing of internal combustion engine simulation, reported in our V4.04
2
2. 3.
4.
5.
6. 7.
Release Notes, has continued throughout the development process and this feature is now fully supported. Similarly, we have carried out extensive testing and verification of the arbitrary sliding interface facility (ASI), which is also fully supported. The previously reported restriction on the use of tetrahedral meshes for porous media applications has been removed. However, users should be aware that the local cell coordinate system option for defining the orthotropic directions of the porous resistance matrix should not be used for meshes other than hexahedral ones created by pro-STAR. Even then, the option should not be used if the mesh includes cell couples (cells with integral connectivity, arbitrary connectivity or embedded mesh refinement). Problem set-up for multi-phase systems employing the S-Gamma break-up / coalescence model has been simplified by using a scalar variable to represent the Sauter mean diameter (see Chapter 19 of the Supplementary Notes volume). Extra controls for the time step size, chemical species mass fractions and source terms have been introduced to improve coupling between STAR and the DARS-CFD plug-in (see Chapter 7 of the Supplementary Notes volume). In V4.06, we have unified some of the pressure-velocity coupling procedures for the VOF multi-fluid and the single-phase flow model. The codes stress analysis capabilities have been further extended by incorporating orthotropic elastic materials into the current set of material type definitions. Improvements have also been made to the general procedure for mapping data from one model to another and using the results as the starting point for a stress analysis, either in STAR or a third-party package (see Chapter 14 of the Supplementary Notes volume).
HPC-related developments 1. A new parallel I/O option, -pario, for performing I/O operations in parallel was introduced in this release (see Appendix E of the CCM User Guide). In this mode, each process reads/writes its data from/to its own file and thus speeds up the runs overall performance, especially for a large number of processors. Note, however, that: (a) In the parallel I/O mode, the decomposed geometry data are stored in a distributed format (one file per MPI task) and parallel I/O runs expect decomposed geometry data to be stored in this format. As a consequence, two-stage parallel I/O runs must be specified using the -pario option in both stages, for example: star -decomp -pario 2 (decomposition stage) star -nodecomp -pario 2 (solver stage) Without the -pario flag in the decomposition stage, the above execution sequence will fail. (b) Parallel I/O restarts are possible only from the same decompositions. For restarts from different decompositions, the code automatically switches to the sequential I/O restart mode, accessing data via the index file. 3.2 General Issues 1. Free-surface and cavitation cases containing porous sub-domains do not currently
3
work with tetrahedral and polyhedral meshes. 2. The option for solving radiative heat transfer problems involving only solar radiation is not available in the STAR-CD V4.0 series. Such problems can only be solved by switching on both thermal and solar radiation. 3. The user coding option for specifying solar radiation parameters is not currently available. 3.3 Cautionary points 1. Parallel runs of large cases using RA-MPICH may crash without a system warning message. This can be avoided by using the RA-MPICH environment variable RAIDEV_NDREG_LAZYMEM in the STAR run command, as in the following example: star -dp -decompmeth=s -decomphost=fish -mpi=ra -set \ RAIDEV_NDREG_LAZYMEM=DISABLED $PNP_JOBNODES Note, however, that this may slow down the run by up to 10%. 2. STAR V4.06 remains compatible with GT-Power V6.2 but users should note that all development and testing has been based on V6.2 Build 8.
4.
Port-specific Items
4.1 Windows-specific items The Windows port is a native Windows application, built using the same Qt GUI toolkit as the Unix ports. Therefore, use of the MKS Toolkit or an X server is no longer needed for this environment. Note, however, that: 1. Accessing data stored in STAR module files from user subroutines is not currently supported. Only data stored in common blocks can be used. 2. The arbitrary sliding interface (ASI) feature is currently a beta feature for this port. 3. pro-STAR generated text files (such as .prob and .drp files) are created in ASCII DOS format. If you move text files created by a Windows run to a Linux/Unix environment, the extra control characters in these files must be removed so as to convert the file to native Unix format. On Linux machines, this can be done using the dos2unix command. 4. es-tools are not supported. 5. The DOLFA and DARS-CFD plugins are not supported. 6. GT-POWER is not supported on the 64-bit port. 7. Setting the moving-mesh host to be different from the master HPC processor host does not work. 8. Windows Vista and Server 2008 are currently not supported.
5.
V4.04/V4.06 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names

An important change in file structure was introduced in V4.04 and carried through to this release, namely the replacement of the combined geometry/results data file (having extension .ccm) by separate files, each containing a single type of data. The reason for the change was
4
(a) the removal of uncertainty as to what kind of data is included in a given file and (b) a very marked improvement in performance, especially when writing STAR files. The following table shows the current conventions for the most commonly used file types. STAR V3.2X .prob .geom STAR V4.00 .prob .ccm .pst .ccm .pst_[ITER] .ccm_[ITER] .pstt .pstt .trk .smap .rsi .rpo parm.inc .evt
STAR V4.04 .prob .ccmg .ccmp .ccmp_[ITER] .ccmt .trk .ccms .rsi .ccmr Not used Not used STAR V4.06 A list of all V4.06 supported file types and extensions is given in Appendix B of the CCM User Guide. Users should also note that when the parallel I/O mode is in operation, a number of extra files are generated, as described on p. E-7 of the CCM User Guide.
6.
Documentation
1. The STAR-CD documentation set has been extensively updated and chapter references to major items of interest are included in the previous sections. 2. The documentation now includes a manual for the es-turbo tool. Users are able to access this manual and the accompanying tutorial data files through a standard V4.06 installation but running the tool under STAR-CD still requires an es-turbo licence. 3. An additional tutorial, 14.3, illustrating the use of the new model for simulating liquid film stripping from sharp edges has also been added to the standard set.

1. Introduction
V4.04 is a major new version of STAR-CD, offering: A re-designed pro-STAR user interface based on the Qt GUI standard. A large number of new CFD modeling options. Greater reliability for previously available facilities.
The most obvious change for the majority of users is the new GUI but this is designed to operate very similarly to the previous Motif-based GUI and should present no special problems. A detailed description of the new interface is given in the User Guides that accompany this release and all tutorials in the CCM and Meshing Tutorials volumes have been re-written in terms of Qt GUI operations. Another important change is the new file system and the associated file-extension naming conventions (see Section 5 below). However, users should note that simulation files created in previous STAR-CD V4 releases may still be read under V4.04. The new release also establishes an initial framework for coupling STAR-CD, ABAQUS and MpCCI in a Fluid-Structure Interaction analysis package (see http://www.cd-adapco.com/press_room/2007/07_02_15_dassault.html).
2.

2.1 New Developments In addition to the main Qt interface development, the following features are available in this release: 1. The user may define an arbitrary number of scalars. 2. The liquid film stripping model is fully supported by the interface. 3. A new mesh morphing facility is available for creating complex meshes, starting from a relatively simple base configuration (see Chapter 11 of the Supplementary Notes). 4. The es-turbo interface has been converted to the Qt standard. The AutoMesh tool has remained in its current GUI form during the transition from V4.02 to the V4.04 Qt environment. However, the following enhancements have been included: 1. The meshing algorithms have been updated to match the versions used by the latest release of STAR-CCM+. Associated improvements in memory, speed and robustness will be seen for both surface and volume meshers. 2. It is now possible to specify group type settings for the prismatic layer and trimmed-cell mesher boundary values. 3. The trimmed cell template growth options have been expanded to allow
1
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
independent refinement control for the core and surface cells. Small cell refinements can also be specified. It is possible to output the subsurface as part of the volume meshing process and also stop the run once that mesh has been generated so that it can be reviewed. If a user-supplied template mesh is employed for trimming, a previously defined subsurface can be read in and used as part of the meshing process. The log file from the last meshing run can now be viewed directly via the associated panel. The version number of each mesh kernel tool is now displayed at the start of the log file. The AutoMesh-Classic utilities remain unchanged from the V4.02 release.
2.2 General Issues 1. The Advanced Transients panel for specifying transient load-step data is supported by the Qt interface. Note, however, that (a) Any scalar variable settings for more than 50 scalars that are incorporated into this panel by an earlier STAR-CD release will not work in V4.04. Users should therefore re-specify all relevant scalar settings via the current V4.04 facilities. (b) pro-STAR automatically reads all load steps defined in the .trns file, whereas in previous releases only the first load step was read by default. Users wishing to read and process only a subset of the available load steps should use the LSRANGE command or the Load Step Range setting in the Advanced Transient panel. 2. In this release, the VOF model supports both Flow Switch options, Mass Flux and Velocity, at inlet boundaries. In the past, only the Velocity option was supported; if the default Mass Flux option was selected, it behaved in the same way as the Velocity option. In this case, the inlet density was neglected and the inlet mass flux calculated based on the specified inlet velocity and the volume fractions and densities of fluid components involved in the VOF simulation. In the current version, users should ensure that the appropriate Flow Switch option is selected, particularly when restarting from cases that did not previously distinguish between the two options at inlet boundaries. 2.3 Cautionary Points 1. pro-STARs StarWatch utility is no longer supported in this release. 2. Cells that are defined as Solid in the Cell Editor may only have solid-type material numbers associated with them. 3. The Animation GUI module is no longer supported. However, animations may still be produced using the relevant pro-STAR commands. 4. The CYARBITRARY command for matching cyclic boundaries has been modified. The mesh will now change upon execution of this command (boundaries along the cyclic surfaces are subdivided in a manner that ensures a one-to-one correspondence between boundary faces for both sides of the cyclic pair).
3.
STAR-CD Solver
3.1 New Developments 1. The facility for solving conjugate heat transfer problems in porous media, previously available as a beta feature, is now fully supported and described in the Methodology volume (Chapter 8) and the CCM User Guide (Chapter 6). 2. To improve STAR-CDs chemical reaction modeling capability, there is now no restriction in the number of scalars that can be specified by the user. 3. The transport of selected scalars may be calculated by solving a generic form of the CFD transport equation (see Chapter 13 of the Supplementary Notes). 4. The Realizable k- model has been added to the list of available turbulence models (see Chapter 20 in the Supplementary Notes). 5. The S-Gamma model for break-up and coalescence simulation in Eulerian multi-phase flows, previously available as a beta feature in a special version of V3.26, has been introduced into the current release and described in Chapter 19 of the Supplementary Notes. 6. The codes radiation modeling capabilities have been extended to include multi-band radiation and anisotropic scattering by solid/fluid particles (see Chapter 18 of the Supplementary Notes). 7. The liquid film stripping model, previously available as a beta feature in release V4.02, is now fully supported. 8. The applicability of the melting/solidification model has been greatly extended by options for combining it with (a) the Stress Analysis model, and (b) the Oxide Tracking Layer sub-model (see Chapter 12 of the Supplementary Notes). Improvements to previously available features 1. A more robust particle tracking algorithm, especially in moving-mesh simulations. 2. Greater flexibility in numerical algorithm control for free-surface and cavitation problems (see Chapter 2 of the Supplementary Notes). Note, however, that in addition to the procedure described there, users also need to turn on Switch 168 in pro-STAR. This requirement will be removed in a future STAR-CD patch releease. 3. Additional facilities for specifying material properties and stress-strain laws in solid stress analysis problems (see Chapter 14 of the Supplementary Notes). HPC-related developments 1. Parallel sub-directories of type <casename>_xxx do not exist any more. The -distribute STAR run option has therefore been removed as parallel runs always run in distributed mode. Slave processes require a small amount of scratch disk space to operate. By default, the code uses the /tmp directory for this purpose but this can be changed by using option -scratch="directory". 2. All solver data files are merged by the solver. These include: (a) the track (.trk) file (b) the standard run-time output (.run) file
3
(c) the optional run-time output (.info) file (d) user-generated files that need to be saved, as specified by the -save run option. There are no external merging tools in the V4.04 installation. 3. The decomposed geometry data are stored in a standalone binary file with extension .dcmp. An additional run option (-nodcmp) for not saving this file is available. Its use will speed up execution of the run but will also cause subsequent runs using the same decomposition to repeat the decomposition step. 3.2 User Coding The argument list in subroutine RADPRO has changed in order to accommodate the new multi-band radiation facilities (see Chapter 18 in the Supplementary Notes). The new form is SUBROUTINE RADPRO (IBAND,COABS,COSCAT) where IBAND is the radiation band number. For single-band analyses, this extra argument may be ignored. 3.3 General Issues 1. The arbitrary sliding interface facility (ASI), previously available only in V3.2X and older releases, has been re-introduced into STAR-CD and is now undergoing extensive testing. Until this is satisfactorily completed, ASI should be regarded as a beta feature. 2. Extensive testing is also ongoing in internal combustion engine simulation. This application area is therefore also in a beta phase. 3.4 Cautionary points 1. The only GT-POWER version now compatible with STAR is GT-POWER V6.2. 2. Tetrahedral meshes should not be used in porous media cases (see p. 6-7, item 10 of the CCM User Guide).
4.
Port-specific Items
1. The WAVE engine simulation package is not supported on HP Itanium machines. 2. On platforms running under Linux 2.4.18-e.4smp (Red Hat Advanced Workstation 2.1AW), the gl version of pro-STAR is likely to fail because library libirc.so is missing from the supplied RUNTIME software. A workaround is to install the Intel 9.1 compiler and set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable accordingly. 3. ASI cases do not work on HPUX Itanium machines because library libstarmk.so is not provided. HP are aware of the problem and are working on a solution. 4. STAR should always be run in double precision for the AIX port (star -dp).
5.
V4.04 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names

An important change in file structure has been introduced in this release, namely the
4
replacement of the previous combined geometry/results data file (with extension .ccm) with separate files, each containing a single type of data. The reason for the change was (a) the removal of uncertainty as to what kind of data is included in a given file and (b) a very marked improvement in performance, especially when writing STAR files. The following table shows the new conventions for the most commonly used file types. STAR V3.2X .prob .geom STAR V4.00 .prob .ccm .pst .ccm .pst_[ITER] .ccm_[ITER] .pstt .pstt .trk .smap .rsi .rpo parm.inc .evt
STAR V4.04 .prob .ccmg .ccmp .ccmp_[ITER] .ccmt .trk .ccms .rsi .ccmr Not used Not used A list of all V4.04 supported file types and extensions is given in Appendix B of the CCM User Guide.
6.
Documentation
1. All manuals and tutorials have been extensively updated to describe the new Qt-based GUI interface and the operations needed to run a problem under this system. 2. At the time of this report, coal combustion cases (Tutorials 15.1 15.3) cannot be run using the Qt GUI. For this reason, their description has been temporarily removed from the Tutorials volume. 3. Scalar post data items do not initially appear in the scroll list displayed by the Transient tab of the Analysis Output panel as expected. They only appear after the list has been updated in some way and may then be written to the transient post file if required. Alternatively, the data may be written to that file using the WRPOST command. This issue affects Tutorials 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.2, 8.2 and 14.2. 4. In Tutorial 4.2 the user must explicitly select the Velocity Flow Switch option when specifying conditions at region no. 2 (the Inlet boundary, see page 4-13 in the CCM Tutorials volume). The solution results will also be slightly different from those shown in the tutorial write-up. 5. The es-turbo manual has also been updated to reflect the new Qt-based panels. 6. A new combined AutoMesh-Classic and AutoMesh meshing tutorial has been included with the Meshing Tutorials volume. 7. pro-STAR and STAR Error Reports are no longer displayed by the pro-STAR GUI (menu items Help > Release > prostar_error_ report and star_error_report). This information should now be accessed as follows: (a) Log in to the CD-adapco User Download Site using the password supplied to you by your account manager (b) Follow the Knowledge Base > Defects link (c) Search for the bug fix in question by supplying a relevant keyword. Alternatively, enter a range of pro-STAR or STAR version numbers to obtain a full error report covering the range specified.

1. Introduction
Version 4.02 is the latest update of the STAR-CD V4.0X suite, offering a number of additional features that are not available in the previous V4.00 release.
2.

2.1 New Developments 1. Meshing The same meshing technology used in STAR-CCM+ V2.04 has now been integrated into STAR-CD V4.02. Inclusion of this technology eases the CAD-to-mesh process and delivers significant improvements over its earlier versions. The benefits of this integration include: (a) New automatic hexahedral-based mesher (trimmer) The automatic hexahedral mesher now utilises the full range of polyhedral cell shapes when trimming, which eliminates the possibility of unresolved cells. Cell neighbours are always joined together conformally through cell face sub-divisions. This means that cell couples are no longer required. (b) All meshers (surface wrapper, surface remesher, tetrahedral, hexahedral and polyhedral volume meshers) require less memory and are faster and more robust than earlier versions. For example, there has been a significant reduction in the number of self-intersecting surfaces produced by the surface wrapper when dealing with highly complex surfaces, while reducing the run time and memory required. (c) Boundary type specification on the surface mesh The boundary region type e.g. inlet, outlet etc. can now be directly specified on the surface mesh and carried through to the final volume mesh. The AutoMesh tool automatically accounts for different boundary types and generates prismatic layers where necessary (for example, on all wall and baffle boundaries). For non-wall boundaries, the prismatic layer mesher is automatically deactivated. (d) Volume meshing pipeline The volume meshing process has been streamlined by combining the generation of the core mesh and extrusion layer into one step. (e) Volume source improvements Volume sources can now be used with all volume mesh types, and can be visualised. These new capabilities can be found in the AutoMesh GUI. All previous meshing tools remain and can be accessed through the AutoMesh-Classic GUI. 2. Liquid Films A revised version of the V3.26 interface has been reinstated in the current release. The main differences are:
1
(a) The Film Controls panel in STAR GUIde has two extra features, a user-defined source term and the ability to include or exclude films from selected boundary regions in the model. (b) Two new panels have been added, called Film Initialization and Film Boundaries. The former initializes all film flow variables, the latter specifies boundary conditions for them. Note also that some V3.26 liquid film commands have been renamed and some model parameters have been moved to different commands please consult the on-line pro-STAR command Help for further details. 3. STAR-CD/ABAQUS A special option is available for coupling the ABAQUS thermal stress analysis code to STAR-CD. This enables the simultaneous solution of the flow and thermal conduction problems, after which a steady-state temperature profile is used to drive a sequential ABAQUS thermal-stress analysis. Conversely, it is possible to use the ABAQUS thermal-stress data to drive the STAR-CD flow/thermal analysis. Preliminary documentation on this facility is available on request. 4. The CJOIN command is now capable of joining pairs of cells using the cursor. Users can also specify whether the joined cells should be simplified into non-polyhedral shapes. 2.2 General Issues 1. Command CRSE (mesh coarsening) does not work at present. 2. Option Generic appearing under the Influence drop-down menu in the Molecular Properties (Scalar) panel is only applicable to the next STAR-CD release and should therefore be ignored by users of the current release. 3. Flamelet combustion model The special flamelet files required by this model are not generated correctly in AIX ports. 4. The STAR-View, STAR-Launch and pro-Vis utilities are not available for the Linux Itanium port.
3.
STAR-CD Solver
3.1 New Developments 1. Radiative heat transfer (a) The FASTRAC view factor calculation method is now available for use with the Discrete Transfer model (DTRM). (b) The solar radiation modelling facility has been implemented. Note that problems involving only solar radiation are solved exclusively by the FASTRAC method. The current facilities are described in Chapter 9 of the Methodology and Chapter 7 of the CCM User Guide. 2. All advanced internal combustion engine models previously available in V3.26 (ECFM, double-delay autoignition, AKTIM spark ignition, soot model extension based on the method of moments) may now be used in V4.02 and are described in Chapter 11 of the Methodology and Chapter 8 of the CCM User Guide. A new model based on the Level Set method for premixed combustion has also
2
been added as a beta feature (see Chapter 9 of the Supplementary Notes volume). 3. Complex chemistry models may be built based on the DARS-CFD methodology (see Chapter 7 of the Supplementary Notes volume). 4. A new library module called DOLFA, designed to speed up chemical reaction calculations, is now available (see Chapter 8 of the Supplementary Notes volume). 5. The liquid film simulation facility has been revised and improved (e.g. by solving full transport equations for mass, momentum and enthalpy) as described in Chapter 16 of the Methodology and Chapter 13 of the CCM User Guide. It also includes a film stripping model, available as a beta feature (see Chapter 13 of the Supplementary Notes volume). There are also a number of important differences in the way film properties are specified: (a) User-defined properties are specified via subroutine LFPROP in V3.2X, whereas in V4.02 the relevant subroutine is LQFPRO. (b) In V3.2X, specific heat (Cp) in subroutines DROPRO and LFPROP are represented by the variables CPDR and CP, respectively, but have the same meaning ( h T ) p . In V4.02 the CPDR variable in DROPRO has the same meaning as in V3.2X but the CP variable in LQFPRO now stands for the mean value of Cp. 6. An option has been added to the free surface/cavitation facility to allow sub-cycling in the VOF method (see Chapter 2 of the Supplementary Notes volume) 7. Conductive heat transfer The treatment of thermal resistance specified in pro-STAR for a conducting baffle has changed between V3.2X and V4.0X. In V3.2X, the supplied value is interpreted as 1/2 of the total resistance whereas in V4.0X it is the total resistance (this is also consistent with the User Guide). 8. Internal boundary regions, useful in monitoring engineering data in the solution domain interior, are now available under the name Monitoring boundaries (see p.4-40 in the CCM User Guide). 9. A number of important changes have been made to the user subroutine set. A summary of subroutine additions, deletions and modifications is given in Chapter 19 of the Supplementary Notes, starting on p. 19-74 10. The interface between STAR-CD and Ricardos WAVE software has been upgraded to be compatible with STAR-CD V4.02 and is available as part of the default STAR-CD installation. All standard UNIX and Linux ports are supported, with the exception of Itanium platforms. Please note that extra RSimlink libraries may be required for certain platforms; these are available on request from Ricardo. The plugin requires WAVE V5.1 or later, although testing and verification have been carried out exclusively with WAVE V7.1. 11. The following features are new to STAR-CD V4.02 and are available in beta form. They are all documented in the Supplementary Notes volume. (a) Free surface/cavitation modelling now includes i) Compressibility Chapter 1 ii) Variable viscosity Chapter 1 iii) Melting and solidification modelling Chapter 12 (b) The Level Set combustion model (Chapter 9) (c) Solid-stress analysis and fluid-structure interaction simulation (Chapter 14).
3
(d) A new type of boundary condition called the mixing plane boundary for use in multiple rotating reference problems (Chapter 15). (e) Conjugate heat transfer in porous media (Chapter 16) (f) The effect of electrostatic fields on Lagrangian charged particle motion (Chapter 17) 3.2 General Issues 1. The arbitrary sliding interface facility (ASI) is not supported in the current release 2. Advanced IC engine models (a) At the time of this release, the above models had not yet gone through CD-adapcos test suite of users advanced ICE cases. Users are therefore advised to use them with caution. (b) If you are resuming from an .mdl file in which a combustion model has been defined via pro-STARs IC Setup panels, it is important to delete this model, its submodels (such as NOx, Soot and Knock) and the associated scalars before selecting an alternative model (see the CCM User Guide, p. 8-22 for details). (c) Using the IC Setup panel to write combustion set-up data into the Extended Data section of the problem file has the effect of overwriting all previously stored content in that section. Therefore, on resuming an existing model with previously defined non-combustion-related Extended Data, the user is recommended to i) Inspect the contents of the Extended Data section by selecting the Utility > Extended Data panel from the main pro-STAR window. ii) Copy and save the contents of this section into a separate text file using a text editor. iii) Use the IC Setup panel to create and save the combustion model data. iv) Reopen the Extended Data panel and manually insert the data saved earlier into the new Extended Data section. 3.3 HPC Issues 1. Cases involving both liquid films and conjugate heat transfer will exhibit restart problems in HPC runs if the domain partitioning is carried along the liquid film interface. The work-around in this case is to decompose the domain in a direction perpendicular to the liquid film interface, or to arrange the partitioning so that the same processor includes adjacent cells from both sides of the interface. 2. GT-POWER After running STAR-CD in HPC mode using -mpi=mpich or -mpi=hp, the GT-POWER database may become isolated so that it can no longer be accessed. If this happens, any subsequent GT-POWER activities will hang, e.g. the gbe tool will hang as it can no longer connect to the database. Users can work around this problem by first stopping and then restarting the GT-POWER database, as discussed in section Cautionary Points, item 4. 3. HP MPI 1.x on machines running HP-UX does not work in cluster mode. Please use HP MPI 2.x. Note also that the latter does not work properly with InfiniBand interconnects. A fix for both problems is available from CD-adapco on request.
3.4 Cautionary Points 1. Liquid film models The solution methods used in liquid film analyses have been extensively revised, as described in Chapter 16 of the Methodology volume. Users should therefore re-specify their problem in V4.02 where possible, using the set-up instructions given in Chapter 13 of the CCM User Guide. If this is impractical and users need to resume from a V3.26 model, the following procedure should be followed: (a) Resume the V3.2X model file in V4.02 (b) Go to panel Liquid Films -> Film Physical Models and Properties in STAR GUIde, select the Film Models tab and check that the desired film type is selected for the current domain (only one type per domain is allowed). If the model contains Lagrangian particles (droplets), the film material and its name should be the same as the droplet material and name in the Droplet Physical Models and Properties tab. (c) Go to panel Liquid Films -> Film Initialization and check that the films initial conditions (including initial component concentrations for multi-component films) are correctly specified (d) Go to panel Liquid Films -> Film Boundaries to specify boundary conditions for all boundary regions that can support liquid films. It is also strongly recommended that you consult the V4.02 on-line Help topic for all STAR GUIde panels mentioned above. 2. Free surface / cavitation models The following features will not work when resuming V3.26 models into V4.02: (a) Compressible flow the new set-up uses Extended Data, not pro-STAR commands (b) Variable viscosity for fluid components (heavy, light and vapour) the new set-up uses Extended Data, not pro-STAR commands (c) VOF method sub-cycling is implemented via Extended Data, not by pro-STAR commands (d) If the cavitation model is specified via a user subroutine, an additional data item DSUSP needs to be present in the user code for subroutine SORSCA. DSUSP is the partial derivative of the mass transfer rate with respect to absolute pressure. The relevant explanation is included in the Comments section of file sorsca.f 3. Radiative heat transfer (a) The radiation patch generators used in V3.2X and V4.0X for Discrete Transfer (DTRM) simulations might produce different (but correct) patch configurations. Although there is nothing wrong in this situation, the results can be different for different patch configurations (except in cases where one patch per boundary is created). (b) If the FASTRAC method has been chosen for a problem that also contains solid-fluid interfaces, the boundaries for these interfaces should be defined on Fluid cells only. Defining boundaries on Solid cells that are part of the interface is not permissible.
5
4. GT-POWER (a) STAR-CD supports Build 10 of GT-POWER V6.1.0. Users wishing to use this package should be aware that, before running STAR-CD, the GT-Power database processes must be launched from the case directory as shown below: gtcollect dbstart ds This command launches several mysqld processes that are associated with the case for which they are launched. When you have finished with the case, the processes must be killed as follows: pkill -9 mysqld rm -rf datadir These commands must be executed from the case directory. If you decide to run a different case, the above steps must be followed in the new case directory. (b) STARs failing on Redhat and SuSe 64-bit Linux ports, with the error message *** ERROR *** DUMMY GT-POWER ROUTINES CALLED PNP: Shutdown can be caused by a defective GT-POWER installation. To resolve the problem, users should contact Gamma Technologies to obtain a replacement for library file libgtlink.so. This should be replaced in directory $GTIHOME/v6.1.0/GTsuite/bin/rhel30_x86_64 and also in $GTIHOME/v6.1.0/GTsuite/bin/sles9_x86_64 (c) Gamma Technologies do not support GT-POWER on HP Itanium machines. For SuSe operating systems, they also recommend using SuSe 8.2 to 9.3 and SLES 9. 5. File nom.inc Line 1086: (Degrees relative to TREFM(KEY(I))) is wrong and should be removed.
4.
Documentation
1. Numerous changes were introduced throughout the STAR-CD documentation set to cover the new pre-/post-processing and solver developments listed under Sections 2.1 and 3.1 above. 2. A number of new tutorials were added to the set originally created for V4.00 to illustrate new and existing modelling features: (a) Tutorial set 14 2 liquid film simulation cases (b) Tutorial set 15 3 coal combustion cases (c) Tutorial set 16 large eddy simulation (LES) of fully-developed turbulent flow 3. Chapters 18 of the Supplementary Notes volume describing an auxiliary program that parses existing STAR-CD V3.2X command files and highlights potential problems was updated for V4.02 operation 4. Chapter 19 of the Supplementary Notes volume giving detailed guidance for
6
migrating user subroutines from STAR-CD V3.2X was also updated and extended for V4.02 operation. Cautionary Note: The REFINE.MAC macro supplied with the V4.02 installation for Tutorial 13.2 does not work correctly. An updated version is available on request and will also be included in the next STAR-CD patch release.

1. Introduction
STAR-CD V4.00 is a major redevelopment of the STAR-CD product. It lays the foundations for a general-purpose Computational Continuum Mechanics (CCM) modelling capability that extends the range of the previous V3.2X series to a wide variety of new applications. In developing the software, CD-adapco has placed particular emphasis on improved robustness higher accuracy ready extension with new features improved process integration/faster model turnaround more powerful user coding facilities
as well as maintaining the greatest possible compatibility with the V3.2X series. COMET users should also note that some important features of that package (e.g. free-surface modelling) have been incorporated into the new release. 1.1 New Features New data structure relying on cell-face-based connectivity, enabling the solver to work with arbitrary polyhedral cells Use of a transient variant of the SIMPLE algorithm Use a three-time-level temporal discretization scheme, offering improved stability compared with the now discontinued Crank-Nicholson scheme, as well as better accuracy for applications such as LES turbulence modelling. Storage of problem geometry and analysis results in a common data repository (.ccm) file using the ADF format. This leads to much easier inter-operability with other CD-adapco products and partner applications. The reduced number of STAR-CD-generated files also leads to a package that is easier to use, maintain and understand. The format is open and full documentation is available upon request for users who wish to extract information directly from the file.
1.2 Modified/Improved Features Free surface and cavitation modelling employs the SIMPLE algorithm. The previous free-surface methodology using the PISO algorithm and sub-cycling has been discontinued. The DES turbulence models, available in V3.2X as a beta feature, are now fully supported by the GUI and utilize a random number generator for specifying boundary conditions The liquid film simulation capability was re-developed to use boundary cells at which a complete set of transport equations is solved. Note that, at present, such
1
simulations can only be set up using pro-STARs extended data option (see Chapter 1 of the Supplementary Notes volume). 1.3 V3.2X Features not Supported The following features are not supported in the STAR-CD V4.X series: The GAMMA, SFCD, QUICK, and local coordinate LUD discretisation schemes no significant advantage over the retained schemes The SIMPISO solution algorithm rarely used and numerically more expensive than SIMPLE The Crank-Nicholson time differencing scheme performs worse in combination with PISO than the default Euler implicit scheme The barotropic and bubble two-phase cavitation models no significant advantage over the retained Rayleigh model The two-layer Van Driest model unsuitable in combination with the new method of using a Poisson-type equation to calculate wall distances; also limited to single-processor runs Output of global rates of change for transient runs; normalised residuals are printed instead Setting the flow field initial conditions using the Code Initialization option The alternative residual normalisation method based on inflow/outflow fluxes (see Appendix A of the STAR-CD V3.20 Methodology volume)
1.4 V3.2X Features to be Included in Future Releases The following features will be considered for inclusion in future V4.X releases: Error estimation The FASTRAC view factor calculation method for radiation problems Solar radiation Spectrally varying radiative properties, i.e. the SLWSGG and piece-wise constant multi-band sub-models of the Discrete Ordinates radiation model Boiling, condensation and compressibility in free surface / cavitation problems All advanced internal combustion engine models (ECFM, double-delay autoignition, AKTIM spark ignition, soot model extension based on the method of moments) The ERC engine combustion simulation suite Mesh region inclusion (EVENTS module) Arbitrary sliding interfaces (EVENTS module) Automatic event generation for mixing vessel problems (EVENTS module) Internal boundary regions STAR/KINetics support es-solution (formerly es-tool) support Links from Embedded Products (STAR-CAD Gateways and STAR-Design Gateway)
2.

2.1 Main pro-STAR Interface 1. pro-STARs command and GUI structure has been suitably modified to account for the new, modified and deleted features outlined in Sections 1.1 to 1.4 above. In addition: (a) All commands in the V3.2X SPEED module have been deleted as they are now covered by equivalent V4.00 commands (b) The Liquid Films module has been deactivated pending the introduction of new pro-STAR commands and GUI interface. In the meantime, this type of simulation is supported only via pro-STAR extended data (see Chapter 1 of the Supplementary Notes volume) (c) Other deletions, additions and miscellaneous changes in command syntax are listed in Appendix A 2. The pro-STAR code itself is fully 64-bit enabled and makes increased use of dynamic memory. This means that it can handle extremely large models and also requires far fewer instances of user intervention to resize pro-STAR memory. 3. Cell vertices are defined in double precision, leading to greater accuracy in representing very fine meshes and small mesh movements. 4. Boundaries are now stored with reference to cell and face numbers instead of vertex numbers. Boundary information is automatically converted to the new scheme upon reading older .mdl files. 5. The concept of coupled cells has been retained in V4.0 but significantly modified. Cells of this kind are created the same way as in pro-STAR V3.2 to match up dissimilar meshes. However, before sending mesh data to the solver, all couple data are translated into direct one-to-one face connections, after which they are deleted. The user can force this at any time using the CPTRANS command, or wait until the .ccm file is written via the GEOM command. When couple data are translated, cells that were previously simple hexahedra or tetrahedra are almost always converted to polyhedra. Thus, coupled cells no longer exist as far as the solver and post-processing operations are concerned. This situation will create problems for those 3rd-party post-processing tools that have not yet been upgraded to handle polyhedra. 6. In contrast to previous versions of STAR-CD, pro-STAR V4.00 automatically places wall shells on both sides of a fluid-solid interface. One set is attached to the fluid and the other to the solid. Users need to select the set they wish to see. 7. With respect to item 6 above, pro-STAR makes it easier to select wall shells. In older versions of pro-STAR, users had to add wall shells to the current cell set in order to display a wall data plot. In pro-STAR V4.00, any wall shells attached to fluid or solid cells in the current set are automatically available for viewing via a wall plot. At a fluid-solid interface, if you place the fluid cells into the current set, a WPLOT operation will show the wall shells attached to the fluid side; the same is true should the solid cells be selected instead. 8. There is now only a single default cell type in the cell table list. This is indexed as fluid cell no. 1 and has material property set no. 1 assigned to it. Any other cell types required by the model have to be explicitly defined by the user.
Known Issues The following pro-STAR commands are not supported in this release: TGRID (Convert module) CPMERGE (Mesh module)
2.2 AutoMesh Module The following new features are available: 1. A polyhedral cell meshing capability for single domains starting from a good-quality, closed, triangulated surface. The main features are: (d) All relevant meshing options are contained in one panel (e) Extrusion layers are automatically generated as part of the process (f) Internal baffles can be included (g) A density factor is provided to control the number of generated cells (h) Point- and volume-source options for refining the mesh around the source are available 2. A new surface re-meshing scheme replaces the previous V3.2X version. Its main advantages are: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Faster run times and lower memory requirements Additional global parameters to control edge-size and growth Refinement options based on curvature and proximity Localized surface properties to control mesh density The result is automatically saved in the AutoMesh database
3. Other new features include: (a) Automatic boundary creation based on the starting surfaces cell types (available for trimmed, tetrahedral, hybrid and polyhedral meshes) (b) Trimmed polyhedral output option for trimmed meshes (c) Point/volume sources and density factors for tetrahedral meshes (d) Hand-fixing of polyhedral cells via the GUI (e) A file export panel for .ccm and database files (f) Database commands are now accessible from the main pro-STAR interface A number of improvements have also been made to existing features: GUI process handling during batch processing of mesh jobs Greater robustness in the TetFix operation (tetrahedral meshing is now based on the Delaunay method)
The following V3.2X features have been deleted: The command version of the advancing-front tetrahedral mesher (TETGEN) The surface-smoothing GUI panel based on the TETGEN command The GUI panel option for re-meshing poor-quality tetrahedral cells based on the TETGEN command
3.
STAR-CD Solver
3.1 Solver-specific Modifications/Improvements The code was rewritten and restructured using Fortran 90, leading to improved dynamic memory allocation and generally more efficient use of computing resources Many algorithms, e.g. for the linear algebraic equation solvers (both CG and AMG), gradient calculations, particle/beam tracking, moving meshes, etc. were re-written to benefit from the new cell-face-based data structure The re-implemented Discrete Ordinates radiation solver now uses the control parameters of the energy equation solver and is also supported in HPC mode The Reynolds Stress and non-linear turbulence models were re-implemented and validated, now working more reliably than their V3.2X versions A comprehensive, simplified and easier-to-follow reporting of the case set-up and convergence history is available in file Casename.run Numerous improvements were made to HPC runs, included fewer files and directories required and a faster data transfer rate between processors
3.2 Running the STAR-CD Solver The V4.00 solver should be run in the same way as V3.2X. For example, the correct command for a double-precision sequential run is star -dp All MPI implementations supported by the V3.2X solver are available for the V4.00 solver. For example, the command for a two-processor run using MPICH is: star -mpi=mpich 2 Please note that pro-STAR checks for the presence of coupled cells before creating the problems .ccm file via command GEOM. If such cells are found, pro-STAR issues command CPTRAN, ALL internally before writing this file. The result is that coupled cells are changed into simply-connected polyhedra and that all coupled cell information is removed from the model and cannot be reversed. In such cases, it is important to save the model (.mdl) file before exiting so that the geometry in pro-STAR matches that of the solver. 3.3 Restart/Post Data Some important considerations relating to the relevant data files: STAR-CD V4.00 uses the .ccm file to store both geometry data and restart data, i.e. the file contains the geometry definition written by pro-STAR and the solution results written by the STAR solver. If your usual practice in V3.2X is to copy results from case1.pst to case2.pst and then run a STAR restart for case2, it should not continue in V4.00. We recommend using pro-STARs Analysis (Re)Start panel, specifying the Restart File as case1.ccm and restarting case2. When running in parallel, V4.00 does not need to merge/split the solution data. For restart runs, this file is again read only on processor 1. If necessary, V4.00 will
5
re-package the data to the current break-up using the files data maps. Therefore, there is no need to merge/split data in order to change the number of processors, or to go from serial to HPC runs (or vice versa). 3.4 V3.2X Restart Data File Reader in the V4.00 Solver The V4.00 solver can read cell data from an existing V3.2X .pst file. However, since flux, boundary or droplet data cannot be read, the following restrictions apply: 1. Only Initial Field Restarts are allowed (options A and B) 2. The following data types will be ignored during restart: (a) (b) (c) (d) Mass flow rate Wall/Patch data (e.g. Liquid Film, Radiation, Surface Chemistry data) Moving mesh data Droplet data
Please also note the following: For parallel cases, run the problem using star -dp -copy=CASENAME.pst nproc where nproc represents the number of processes to be used. Use pro-STARs Analysis (Re)Start panel to choose the V3.2X post file (case.pst) as the restart file. STAR-CD V4.00 assumes a V3.2X .pst file if the restart file name has an extension .pst. You will get an error message if the file version is older than V3.20. The number of cells in the V4.00 run should be identical to that in the case.pst file. Also, you should not renumber the cell numbers in pro-STAR V4.00. Restarts from V3.1X .pst files are not supported. If you need to use the results stored in such a file, perform a 0-iteration restart run in V3.2X to convert the file to the V3.2X .pst format. V4.00 also does not support direct restarts from mapped (.smap) files created under older STAR-CD versions. However, you may perform a 0-iteration restart run in V3.2X to convert the V3.2X or V3.1X .smap file to the V3.2X .pst format and then follow the procedures described above.
3.5 V4.00 vs V3.2X File Correspondence The following table shows the new conventions for the most commonly used file types. A list of all V4.00 supported file types and extensions is given in Appendix B of the CCM User Guide. STAR V3.2X .prob .geom .pst .pst_[ITER] .pstt .trk .smap .rsi .rpo parm.inc .evt
STAR V4.00 .prob .ccm .ccm .ccm_[ITER] .pstt .trk .ccm .rsi .ccm Not used Not used 3.6 User Coding Most standard V3.2X user coding will work without any modification. The table below shows the differences between STAR-CD V3.2X and V4.00 user routines:
User routine CAVPRO
Difference Freedom to modify AL, AV, TSAT and HVAP has been removed a/ For the Free Surface model, freedom to modify the heavy/light density has been removed. b/ IFLUTYP and DENDT are no longer present a/ The DRCOMP common block needs to be included to the source, e.g. COMMON /DRCOMP/ NDRCOM_max b/ The DEMUCO array needs to be dimensioned as DEMUCO(NDRCOM_max,*) For more information, consult the default source code for DROWBC supplied with the STAR-CD installation.
DENSIT
DROWBC
POSDAT SPECHT
The data structure is different a/ For the Free Surface model, only the mixture Cp needs to be specified. b/ IFLUTYP is no longer present a/ For the Free Surface model, only the mixture viscosity needs to be specified. a/ IFLUTYP is no longer present
VISMOL
Please also note the following: STAR-CD V3.2X / V3.1X common blocks should not be used In V4.00 subroutines It is advisable to consult subroutine POSDAT to gain familiarity with STAR-CD 4.00s new face-based data structure. Commonly used V3.2X data items that are now accessed differently in V4.00 are listed in Chapter 14 of the CCM User Guide
3.7 Porting Information The currently available ports are listed in the V4.00 Installation and Systems Guide document. There will be no IRIX_MIPS, OSF1_Alpha and SunOS_UltraSparcII ports due to reduced support from the respective hardware vendors.
4.
Documentation
V4.00 user documentation has been substantially improved relative to V3.2X. In particular: 1. The previous User Guide content was consolidated into three new guides covering mesh creation, model building and solution result post-processing: (a) The Meshing Guide incorporates all material on pro-STARs basic mesh
7
building capabilities (previously found in the V3.2X User Guide), plus up-to-date descriptions of facilities in the AutoMesh and Surface Preparation modules (previously found in the V3.2X Advanced Meshing volume) (b) The CCM Guide covers general aspects of using the STAR-CD environment and gives specific advice on model building and numerical simulation. (c) The Post-Processing Guide describes all aspects of manipulating and displaying solution results, complete with example plots and command scripts to help the user produce similar output 2. A totally revised and comprehensive index was provided for the three User Guides and Methodology volumes to improve the ease of locating key topics. 3. Tutorials were also consolidated into two separate volumes, covering mesh building and CFD analysis: (a) The Meshing Tutorials volume contains a new introductory tutorial covering basic surface data import and pre-processing (via the CAD/Surface Preparation Module) plus volume mesh generation via the AutoMesh module. It also includes an update of all AutoMesh tutorials previously found in the V3.2X Advanced Meshing volume, plus a new tutorial on polyhedral meshing. (b) The CCM Tutorials volume contains a total of 29 cases, some carried over from V3.2X but most of them brand new and grouped according to the modelling feature they were designed to illustrate. Between them, they cover most of STAR-CDs capabilities for simulating fluid dynamics problems and displaying the analysis results in a meaningful way. 4. The Methodology, Commands and Supplementary Notes volumes as well as the context-sensitive On-line Help topics were updated to reflect the STAR-CD capabilities outlined in Section 1 of this document. 5. The Supplementary Notes volume also contains two new chapters describing (a) an auxiliary program that parses existing STAR-CD V3.2X command files and highlights potential problems; (b) detailed guidance for the migration of user subroutines from STAR-CD V3.2X to V4.00.
Appendix A Summary of V4.00 Command Changes

As a result of changes to the code, some commands have been created while others have been modified or deleted. Table 1-1 provides a summary of all changes since Version 3.2X. Where modifications are involved, changes are further classified as: Syntax Change meaning that old command files containing this command need to be edited in order to work properly Option Change additions/changes have been made to the command parameters or functionality but old command files may still work unchanged
In addition, Table 1-2 provides a list of all commands that are currently not supported in Version 4.00 but will be considered for inclusion in future V4.X releases. Detailed descriptions of all new commands are given in the Commands volume. Table 1-1: List of New, Modified and Deleted pro-STAR Commands Status Module Command Comments New New options ATOT, BAREA, BPAREA, BRAREA, BSAREA, BUILDDATE, CAREA, CFAREA, CSVOLUME, CVOLUME, FLXCELL, FTOT, NBCELL, NBFACE, NFCELL, REVISION, VERSION, and VTOT Writes a .ccm instead of a .geom file MAXB1D, MAXCUT, MAXFAC and MAXINF parameters removed PTCONVERT and SMCONVERT commands added to TOOL list FILETYPE8 field has been removed Displays the error status of the previous command Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
PRO
*GET
GEOMWRITE
MEMORY
OPANEL
PROBLEMWRITE
SUCCEED
A-1
Status Module MESH Command Comments New 2D3D C New POLY option added to define a polyhedron Cannot be used to define polyhedral cells New BOUNDARY option to define boundaries Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
CDX
CFIND CFIX CFLIP
PRISM and COLLAPSE options removed Removed the DBCI option. Removed the FACECOLLAPSE option because it was shown to be the exact same check as the DBLVERTEX option. Changed the default for option INTFACE, ,ANGOPT Added the SKEWNESS option to check for skewness angle BRIEF, FACE, and VERTEX options replace NORMAL and SHELL options A list of vertices is no longer supported. New options are TYPE and VERTEX Removed the CHKOPT option
CHECK
CLIST
CMODIFY
CMREFINE
A-2
Status Module Command Comments New The TOLIN, TOLAR and FOPT fields have been removed Creates a polyhedral cell Options /FIXED/ ADJUSTABLE/ replace PBTOL Options /FIXED/ ADJUSTABLE/ replace PBTOL Options /FIXED/ ADJUSTABLE/ replace PBTOL Turns coupled cells into matched polyhedra No new options, but the .cel file format has changed No new options, but one of the restrictions on prism cells (refinement must be an even number in the I and J directions) has been removed. Prisms can be refined by odd or even numbers now. LAYER and PHEXA options removed; POLYHEDRON option replaces TRIMMED option; REGION option added. Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
MESH
CPCHECK
CPOLY
CPSET
CPTABLE
CPTMODIFY
CPTRANSFORM
CREAD
CREFINE
CSET
A-3
Status Module Command Comments New Turns polyhedra back to normal cells by combining co-planar faces Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
MESH
CSIMPLIFY
CTRIM CWRITE No new options, but the .cel file format has changed No new options, but the .fac file format has changed Creates baffles or shells from boundaries
FWRITE
SBOUNDARY TETALIGN TETGENERATE VREAD VSET VWRITE
The .vrt file format has changed New VDISTANCE option The .vrt file format has changed
CONVERT
CADHIDDEN CADSET CADTRANSLATE New options NE9, NER9, VCX, VCY, VCZ, VRX, VRY, VRZ, NB5, NB6, NB7, NB8, NB9, NBC, and NBF
GENERIC
IGES IGNORE PSTAR

A-4
Status Module Command Comments New CONVERT PTCONVERT RCCM SMCONVERT STLWRITE TSTAR VDA CRAY option has been removed Reads in a .ccm file CRAY option has been removed Writes STL data files Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
PLOT
BSET
New CRANGE and CSET options LAYER and PHEXA options removed; POLYHEDRON option replaces TRIMMED option
CSET
UTILITIES
LIVE
PARTIAL option has been removed New CELL option to define sensors at cell centroids Reads in file geometry from .ccm file instead of .mdl file
SENSOR
SMAP TFILL TSMAP
Reads in file geometry from .ccm file instead of .mdl file
PROPERTY
BLND
Turns off or on the blending function for Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) option
A-5
Status Module PROPERTY Command Comments New CINITIALIZE CONL New method for defining turbulence constants Turns off or on the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) PHASE field removed The VANDRIEST model has been removed The KEA2 option has been removed Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
DES PMATERIAL TAVE TLMODEL
TURBULENCE
SCALAR
CDSCALAR
Defaults have changed New options to check a set or range of boundaries Boundaries are now defined by a cell and a face, not by vertices Creates new boundaries on cell faces adjacent to existing boundaries
BOUNDARY BCHECK
BDEFINE
BDOUBLE
BDX BGENERATE BLIST NVINC argument changed to NCINC CELL and VERTEX options removed Boundaries are now defined with a cell and face, not by vertices
BMODIFY
A-6
Status Module Command Comments New BOUNDARY BREAD NVOFF argument changed to NCOFF CRANGE and CSET options added. CIRANGE option removed. NVOFF argument changed to NCOFF. The .bnd file format has changed Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
BSET
BWRITE
CICDEFINE CICOMPRESS CIDELETE CILIST CIMM CITAG MPCCI
CONTROL
ALGORITHM ANORM BRMONITOR
SMPISO option removed
The A2 option has been removed Removed the BAROTROPIC and BTF options Removed the USER option Removed the speed of sound in liquid and vapour inputs The A2 option has been removed
CAVITATION
CAVNUCLEI
CAVPROPERTY
CSMONITOR
A-7
Status Module Command Comments New GAMMA, QUICK, and SFCD schemes have been removed. Also, CD is now the only allowable scheme for DENSITY (and the default blending factor for DENSITY is now 0.7) Compressive differencing scheme changed to HRIC; removed the omitted region ratio input Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
CONTROL
DSCHEME
FSDSCHEME
FSMASSTR FSSUBCYCLE FSVOF (a) Default file name changed from case.pst to case.ccm (b) Input option for state name added to SMAP restarts The RLG and RLA2 options have been removed The RSG and RSA2 options have been removed The LG and LA2 options have been removed. Also, ON and OFF can now be used in place of Y and N. The NSG and NSA2 options have been removed
RDATA
RELAX
RESIDUAL
SOLVE
SWEEP
A-8
Status Module Command Comments New /RATE/RESIDUAL/ option has been removed Syntax Change Option Change Default file name changed from case.pst to case.ccm Deleted
CONTROL
TIME TNORM VAPORIZATION
WDATA
WHEATTR
TRANSIENT TDSCHEME
EULER and THREELEVEL options replace IMPLICIT and CRNICHOLSON
CHEMICAL NOX CKIN
POST
CCLIST
Lists available .ccm file statenames (a) Default file name changed from case.pst to case.ccm (b) Input option for state name added Options 1 and 2 have been added so that the user may define or clear only one of the subtitles Options A2 and G removed
LOAD
SUBTITLE
GETBOUNDARY
A-9
Status Module Command Comments New POST GETCELL GETVERTEX OPERATE Added CONTOUR (/NO/YES/) option to allow the user to specify whether or not the particle tracks will be contoured or not. Options 1 and 2 have been added so that the user may define or clear only one of the subtitles. Input option for state name added Options A2 and G removed Options A2 and G removed Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
PTOPTION
SUBTITLE
TRLOAD
EVENTS
MMPISTON
AUTOMESH DBASE
New sub option /DOUBLE/SINGLE/ added to DBASE,PUT for outputting single- or double-precision vertices
Table 1-2: List of pro-STAR commands not yet supported in V4.00 Module MESH Command CPMERGE Comments
BOUNDARY
RDEFINE
INTERNAL boundary type not supported

A-10
Module
Command
Comments
CONTROL
ERRESTIMATE SOLAR
CONVERT
TGRID
LFILMS
LFSOLVE LFMODEL LFFORCE LFSTRIP LFCONDENSATION LFMMENTUM LFMASS LFHEAT LFBOIL LFTYPE LFPROPERTY LFCMPONENT LFTDELETE LFFUEL
CHEMICAL
CKIN
EVENTS
EICELL
A-11
Module
Command EICOND EVSLIDE MIXASI MIXVESSEL MMVALVE MMVCURTAIN
Comments
A-12
Appendix B Summary of V4.02 Command Changes

As a result of changes to the code, some commands have been created while others have been modified or deleted. Table 2-1 provides a summary of all changes since Version 4.00. Where modifications are involved, changes are further classified as: Syntax Change meaning that old command files containing this command need to be edited in order to work properly Option Change additions/changes have been made to the command parameters or functionality but old command files may still work unchanged
In addition, Table 2-2 provides a list of all commands that are currently not supported in Version 4.02 but will be considered for inclusion in future V4.X releases. Detailed descriptions of all new commands are given in the Commands volume. Table 2-1: List of New, Modified and Deleted pro-STAR Commands Status Module Command Comments New Added the ability to join pairs of cells using the cursor, as well as the ability to specify whether the joined cells should be simplified into nonpolyhedral shapes. Added option THICK Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
MESH
CJOIN
CLIST
PLOT
BSET
Name of parameter INTERNAL changed to MONITORING
PROPERTY
CHTPOROUS
Conjugate heat transfer for porous solids
BOUNDARY BPATCH
Added FASTRAC options
B-1
Status Module Command Comments New - Name of parameter INTERNAL changed to MONITORING - Liquid film parameters for walls and baffles deleted Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
BOUNDARY RDEFINE
CONTROL
RADIATION
Added FASTRAC options and changed command syntax Same command as inV3.26 but new to V4.X series
SOLAR
LFILMS
LFCDELETE
Commands in this module replace all V3.26 liquid film commands
LFCMPONENT LFCONDITION LFINITIAL LFQSOR LFREG LFSTRIP LFTDELETE LQFBC LQFCONVTRM LQFFUEL LQFGRAVTY LQFINITIAL LQFMASSTR LQFPROPERTY
B-2
Status Module LFILMS Command Comments New LQFREG LQFSWITCH LQFTYPE LQMASS Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
POST
GETDROPLET
Added options to load spark and flame kernel data for the AKTIM model
RADIATION VFCALC
Same command as inV3.26 but new to the V4.X series
Table 2-2: List of V3.2X commands not supported in V4.02 Module MESH Command CPMERGE Comments
CONTROL
ERRESTIMATE
CONVERT
TGRID
CHEMICAL
CKIN
EVENTS
EASI EICELL EICOND EMSLIDE

B-3
Module EVENTS
Command EOSLIDE EPSLIDE ESSLIDE EVSLIDE MIXASI MIXVESSEL MMVALVE MMVCURTAIN
Comments
B-4
Appendix C Summary of V4.04 Command Changes

In addition, Table 3-2 provides a list of all commands that are currently not supported in Version 4.04 but may be considered for inclusion in future V4.X releases. Detailed descriptions of all new commands are given in the Commands volume. Table 3-1: List of New, Modified and Deleted pro-STAR Commands Status Module Command Comments New Changed the default extension of the geometry file name to .ccmg Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
PRO
GEOMWRITE
MESH
CFIND
New option for adding line and point cells to each found cell face Changed the default extension of the restart file name to .ccms Changed the default extension of the restart file name to .ccms Added parameters TOLFAC and TOLEDG Triangulates the surface of fluid cells Changed the default value of parameter TOLCHK.
CMREFINE
CMUNREFINE
CSIMPLIFY
TRISURF
VREPLACE
C-1
Status Module Command Comments New Reads nodes and elements using the ABAQUS input file format Maps the ABAQUS surface results onto pro-STAR specified surfaces Maps STAR CFD wall data onto pre-defined ABAQUS surfaces Plots the results of the ABQMAP command on the screen Provides tools to assist the repositioning of an imported model into its correct location Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
CONVERT
ABAQUS
ABQCOUPLE
ABQMAP
ABQPLOT
POSITION
UTILITIES
MORPH
Provides a mesh morphing capability Sensor data can now be written to a file with extension .usr Changed the default extension of the geometry and mapped data file names to .ccmg and .ccms, respectively Changed the default extension of the geometry and mapped data file names to .ccmg and .ccms, respectively
SENSOR
SMAP
TSMAP
C-2
Status Module Command Comments New VREGISTER Operates on vertices and vertex registers Activates conjugate heat transfer between a fluid and a porous solid New listing options Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
PROPERTY
CHTPOROUS
MLIST
SCALAR
MFCAVIT
Defines a cavitation model and its parameters Added additional options for changing scalar properties Specifies latent heat of melting / vaporization in multifluid models Specifies saturation pressure / temperature in multifluid models Specifies surface tension properties in multifluid models
SCMODIFY
SCLAT
SCSAT
SCSTEN
BOUNDARY BCHT BCMATCH BCOPTION
Defines CHT coupled boundary regions
CYARBITRARY
Converts arbitrary cyclic pairs to integral pairs (via CPTRANS) before matching
CONTROL
DSCHEME
Added HRIC differencing scheme
C-3
Status Module Command Comments New MFLUID Turns on multi-fluid modelling Changed the default extension of the restart file name to .ccmp Activates/deactivates stress analysis modeling Changed the default extension of the restart file name to .ccmp Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
CONTROL
RDATA
STRESS
WDATA
LFILMS
LFSTRIP
Contains additional options for activating the internal stripping model Turns the solution of individual liquid film equations on or off
LQSOLVE
EVENTS
EASI EMSLIDE EOSLIDE EPSLIDE ESSLIDE EVSLIDE
Same command as in V3.2X but new to V4.04
CHEMICAL CRDELETE
Permits deletion of a range of reaction schemes. Also provides an option to delete their associated data
C-4
Status Module Command Comments New Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
POST
CCLIST
Changed the default extension of the post data file name to .ccmp Changed the default extension of the post data file name to .ccmp Changed the default extension of the transient data file name to .ccmt
LOAD
TRLOAD
GRAPH
GTRANS
Changed the default extension of the transient data file name to .ccmt
EULERIAN
EGTRANS
Changed the default extension of the transient data file name to .ccmt
CONTROL
ERRESTIMATE
CONVERT
TGRID
C-5
Module CHEMICAL
Command CKIN
Comments
EVENTS
EICELL EICOND MIXASI MIXVESSEL MMVALVE MMVCURTAIN
C-6
Appendix D Summary of V4.06 Command Changes

In addition, Table 4-2 provides a list of all commands that are currently not supported in Version 4.06 but may be considered for inclusion in future V4.X releases. Detailed descriptions of all new commands are given in the Commands volume. Table 4-1: List of New, Modified and Deleted pro-STAR Commands Status Module Command Comments New Added new options to access coordinate system related information Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
PRO
*GET
UTILITIES
MORPH
New parameter KVAL added to control the interpolation basis of the morphing function
CONTROL
SCCMODIFY
Print/post file writing control parameters removed from this command As above Specifies or lists what scalar wall data to store in the post file at the end of a run Specifies or lists what scalar wall data to print at the end of a run
SCCONTROL
POWALL
PRWALL
D-1
LFILMS
LFCA
Specifies the film contact angle for each boundary region Controls the effect of the contact angle on film movement Controls liquid film stripping from a sharp corner Additional option that allows mass transfer between film and carrier only for evaporation
LFCE
LFEDGESTRIP
LQFMASSTR
TRANSIENT PRPOST
Specifies what scalar cell/wall data may be printed and how often Specifies what scalar cell/wall data may be written to the transient post file and how often
WRPOST
CHEMICAL DARSCFD
Activates chemical reaction simulation using DARS-CFD Controls the import of DARS-CFD data files
DRIMPORT
POST
GETW
Added new options to access liquid film related scalar items
D-2
Status Module Command Comments New New option COPT for writing attached cell and face numbers in place of actual shell numbers for wall data Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
SAVUSERDATA
POST
UPDATE
PLOT
CSET
New LAYER option added New UNIT option added for specifying droplet plot radii in either screen or model geometry length units
DOPTION
DROPLETS
DRBOIL
Boiling and Leidenfrost temperature parameters removed (to the DRPROP and DRWALL commands) Boiling temperature added to the list of droplet properties Leidenfrost temperature input parameter added to the BAI option
DRPROPERTIES
DRWALL
CONTROL
ERRESTIMATE
D-3
Module
Command
Comments
CONVERT
TGRID
CHEMICAL
CKIN
EVENTS
D-4
Appendix E Summary of V4.08 Command Changes

In addition, Table 5-2 provides a list of all commands that are currently not supported in Version 4.08 but may be considered for inclusion in future V4.X releases. Detailed descriptions of all new commands are given in the Commands volume. Table 5-1: List of New, Modified and Deleted pro-STAR Commands Status Module Command Comments New Sets the plot window to a specified aspect ratio Go to the Solid Stress command module Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
PRO
ASPR
FVSTRESS
MESH
CTABLE CTMODIFY
Heavy/light fluid parameter removed Heavy/light fluid parameter removed
UTILITIES
SMAP
New options IOPTION and WOPTION for averaging cell data and mapping wall data
PROPERTY
DENSITY
a/ Option COMPLIQ removed b/ Added options LOGLAW and POWERLAW for logarithmic and power law density variation
E-1
Status Module Command Comments New Added option for calculating thermal diffusion coefficients by user coding Added option to select the Realizable k- model Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
PROPERTY
THERMDIF
TURBULENCE
SCALAR
GSCC
Sets up convection terms for generic scalar equations Sets up diffusion terms for generic scalar equations Sets up source terms for generic scalar equations Sets up transient terms for generic scalar equations Specifies a cavitation model and its parameters in multifluid models Heavy/light fluid parameter removed; multi-fluid scalar properties added Specifies latent heat of melting/vaporization in multifluid models Multi-fluid scalar properties added Specifies saturation pressure/temperature in multifluid models
GSCD
GSCS
GSCT
MFCAVIT
SC
SCLAT
SCMODIFY
SCSAT
E-2
Status Module Command Comments New Specifies surface tension properties in multifluid models Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
SCALAR
SCSTEN
BOUNDARY BSHELL
Added option to generate single or multiple boundary regions when creating new boundaries from existing shell cells a/ Added options for defining porous walls and semi-permeable baffles b/ Added options for stress analysis boundary conditions
RDEFINE
CONTROL
ALGORITHM
Added extra parameters allowing special treatment of bad-quality cells
CAVITATION CAVPROPERTY CAVNUCLEI DSCHEME FSDSCHEME FSURFACE MFLUID Activates/deactivates multifluid modeling Extra parameter added to select ordinary scalars in multifluid cases
E-3
Status Module Command Comments New New option for solving rotating reference frame problems using the implicit mixing plane method Added option for specifying an under-relaxation factor for specific heat Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
CONTROL
MFRAME
RELAX
STENSION
LFILMS
LQBO
Turns the liquid film boiling model on or off Changes the liquid film boiling parameters
LQBP
TRANSIENT VRPM
Creates a time-varying RPM table for engine cases
CHEMICAL CRMODEL
Added option for selecting the G-equation model Prepares, loads and imports extended data for DARS-CFD
DRIXMPORT
POST
LOAD
Contains new options for reading in and correctly displaying mesh topology changes in ASI problems
E-4
Status Module Command Comments New New option for storing transient post data at the time step corresponding to a given crank angle Contains new options for reading in and correctly displaying mesh topology changes in ASI problems Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
POST
STORE
TRLOAD
PLOT
CSET
Heavy/light fluid selection criterion removed
DROPLETS
DRBREAKUP
Added option for calculating droplet break-up by user coding
STRESS
ELPROP
Determines the linear elastic material constants Sets the boundary conditions for fluid/solid interface problems Sets the transient under-relaxation factor for FSI problems Defines the hardening rules Estimates the initial value of displacement Defines orientation of material axes for orthotropic material
FSIORDER
FSIURF
HARDENING IDISPLACE
ORIENT
E-5
Status Module Command Comments New Sets the accelerated convergence parameters Sets miscellaneous options Sets the material Constitutive Law Sets solid momentum options Sets post controls for FV stress variables Sets the fluid/solid interface pressure Sets print controls for FV stress variables Sets the boundary conditions for solid/solid interface problems Sets the inertial term in the solid momentum equation Activates/deactivates stress analysis modeling Sets the temporal discretization method Sets the thermal expansion coefficients Turns the thermal stress on or off Sets the solid material's viscosity (Plasticity) Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
STRESS
SCONVERGE
SMISC SOLID SOLMOM SPOST SPRESSURE SPRS
SSIORDER
SSTATIC
STRESS
TDISCRET THEEXPANSION THSTRESS
VISCOSITY
E-6
Status Module Command Comments New Defines shear viscoelastic relaxation for each mode of viscoelastic material Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
STRESS
VISRELAX
Table 5-2: List of V3.2X commands not supported in V4.08 Module CONTROL Command ERRESTIMATE Comments
CONVERT
TGRID
CHEMICAL
CKIN
EVENTS
E-7
Appendix F Summary of V4.10 Command Changes

In addition, Table 6-2 provides a list of all commands that are currently not supported in Version 4.10 but may be considered for inclusion in future V4.X releases. Detailed descriptions of all new commands are given in the Commands volume. Table 6-1: List of New, Modified and Deleted pro-STAR Commands Status Module PRO Command Comments New SETFEATURE Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
MESH
MDLMOVE MDLSCALE
Moves the model by given values Scales the model by given values
CONVERT
TSTAR
Reads a STAR transient post data file, extracts solutions at selected time steps, and writes these to a file that can be loaded separately for post-processing
PLOT
CSET TSCALE
Modified process of selecting cells on a specified surface Not available in V4.10
F-1
Status Module Command Comments New Added new option to multiply coordinates in the geometry file by a scaling factor Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
UTILITIES
SMAP
PROPERTY
ACCELERATION
Added option to include or exclude body forces in solid stress problems Added new option for modelling Angelburger wall functions Added new option for modelling Angelburger wall functions
NWALL
WALLFUNCTION
SCALAR
MELSOL
Defines/lists parameters for melting/solidification models
BOUNDARY RDEFINE
Added new option to set up a link with the BOOST engine simulation system
CONTROL
BRMONITOR
Option for computing normal forces now available using Extended Data Added new option to switch melting/solidification modelling on and off User subroutine option (USOLAR) removed
MFLUID
SOLAR
F-2
Status Module Command Comments New Defines multi-cycle runs for reciprocating engine applications Added option for specifying a variable engine rpm Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
TRANSIENT MCYCLE
TRELATION
DROPLETS
DRTYPE
Added option to read droplet properties from a NIST table
LFILMS
LQFBC
Region type WALL added to the list of allowable boundary types adjacent to a film-carrying boundary
EVENTS
PLATTACH
New option for suppressing plotting of internal ATTACH boundary faces
CHEMICAL IGNITION
Added options for ignition timing control using a table
POST
GETCELL
Can be used to access post values of displacement components in stress analysis problems
AUTOMESH SICHECK
Finds self-intersecting shells on the surface of a given mesh
F-3
CONVERT
TGRID
CHEMICAL
CKIN
EVENTS
F-4
Appendix G Summary of V4.12 Command Changes

In addition, Table 7-2 provides a list of all commands that are currently not supported in Version 4.12 but may be considered for inclusion in future V4.X releases. Detailed descriptions of all new commands are given in the Commands volume. Table 7-1: List of New, Modified and Deleted pro-STAR Commands Status Module Command Comments New Allows an unlimited number of local coordinate systems and porosity indices Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
PRO
MEMORY
MESH
CHECK
Added option CVRATIO for checking cell volume ratios "UNBOUNDED" option added to non-uniform cell extrusion operation
VCEXTRUDE
CONVERT
ENSIGHT
The Ensight READ command is no longer supported
PLOT
VSET
Added vertex set options CLIST and CRANGE This is a reinstated V3.2X command for resizing text fonts used in pro-STAR
TSCALE
G-1
PROPERTY
DRSGS
Turns on the calculation of increased turbulence due to spray-fluid interaction
CONTROL
ABQDCI
Sets parameters for the ABAQUS direct coupling interface Activates/deactivates multi-dimensional limiter for scalars Added option for writing restart file data in double precision
MDLIM
WDATA
DROPLETS
BRBOIL
Command syntax modified to allow for removal of obsolete parameters Additional parameters for simulating droplet thermal break-up added to the Bai wall collision model
DRWALL
STRESS
LDISPLACEMENT FSICOUPLING
Activates large displacement modeling Activates FSI implicit coupling
G-2
CONVERT
TGRID
CHEMICAL
CKIN
EVENTS
G-3
Appendix H Summary of V4.14 Command Changes

In addition, Table 8-2 provides a list of all commands that are currently not supported in Version 4.14 but may be considered for inclusion in future V4.X releases. Detailed descriptions of all new commands are given in the Commands volume. Table 8-1: List of New, Modified and Deleted pro-STAR Commands Status Module Command Comments New Added option CHORTHO for checking cell chevron orthogonality problems Defines the submodels used for mesh replacement in moving mesh applications Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
MESH
CHECK
MREPLACE
CONVERT
TSTAR
Added option JOIN to join together files that were previously obtained from COMPACT or EXTRACT options
PLOT
BSET
Added option RGROUP for selecting boundaries within a given region range
CONTROL
WDATA
The default option for writing restart files is now double precision
H-1
Status Module Command Comments New The default value of parameter FACBS in the Bai-Gosman spray impingement model has been changed to 1.0 Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
DROPLETS
DRWALL
H-2
CONVERT
TGRID
CHEMICAL
CKIN
EVENTS
H-3
Appendix I
Summary of V4.16 Command Changes
In addition, Table 9-2 provides a list of all commands that are currently not supported in Version 4.16 but may be considered for inclusion in future V4.X releases. Detailed descriptions of all new commands are given in the Commands volume. Table 9-1: List of New, Modified and Deleted pro-STAR Commands Status Module Command Comments New Added option FVALIDITY to calculate a face validity metric for a given cell range Added option SOPTION for saving a backup copy of the current model file before the couple transformation process is started Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
MESH
CHECK
CPTRANSFORM
PLOT
CSET
Added options: a/ ATFLUID to modify a cell set by selecting all fluid and solid cells attached to baffles and shells in the current cell set b/ FILE to modify a set by selecting cells from a file c/ ICED to modify a set by selecting cells from an ICE decomposition file
I-1
PROPERTY
ICEANGEL
Activates the ICE version of the Angelberger wall function model
CONTROL
PRCHECK
First two parameters of this command are ignored Parameters LCP and LCONDUC removed
SOLVE
SCALAR
GVECTOR
Defines/lists/deletes generic vectors
EULERIAN
ESOLVE
Parameters LCP and LCONDUC removed
I-2
CONVERT
TGRID
CHEMICAL
CKIN
EVENTS
I-3
Appendix J Summary of V4.18 Command Changes

In addition, Table 10-2 provides a list of all commands that are currently not supported in Version 4.18 but may be considered for inclusion in future V4.X releases. Detailed descriptions of all new commands are given in the Commands volume. Table 10-1: List of New, Modified and Deleted pro-STAR Commands Status Module Command Comments New Added options to calculate three variants of the real-gas density model Added an improved version of the DES turbulence model Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
PROPERTY
DENSITY
DES
SCALAR
SCREAL
Defines real-gas density parameters for a scalar
LFILMS
LQDROP
Controls the modelling of droplet-to-liquid film transitions
POST
LOAD
The default setting for parameter VCOMPRESS is now ON The default setting for parameter VCOMPRESS is now ON
TRLOAD
J-1
Status Module Command Comments New Added option KHRT for selecting the KHRT droplet break-up model Add option ONERA for selecting the Bai-ONERA wall interaction model Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
DROPLETS
DRBREAKUP
DRWALL
PRO
*GET
Added option RWAV to calculate the area-weighted average value of a post data register
J-2
CONVERT
TGRID
CHEMICAL
CKIN
EVENTS
J-3
Appendix K Summary of V4.20 Command Changes

In addition, Table 11-2 provides a list of all commands that are currently not supported in Version 4.20 but may be considered for inclusion in future V4.X releases. Detailed descriptions of all new commands are given in the Commands volume. Table 11-1: List of New, Modified and Deleted pro-STAR Commands Status Module Command Comments New Added options for LES WALE, LES Dynamic Smagorinsky and LES DSM turbulence models Added options for specifying LES WALE, LES Dynamic Smagorinsky and LES DSM model parameters Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
PROPERTY
TURBULENCE
COLES
CONTROL
WDATA
Added parameter EXTN enabling post files to be written in terms of crank angle increments Controls the saving of additional (intermediate) post files at user-specified crank angles.
PSAVE
K-1
Status Module Command Comments New Activates/deactivates the computation and printout of pdf distributions for YPLUS values Syntax Change Option Change Deleted
YPMONITOR
TRANSIENT MTPOST
Turns the writing of multiple transient post files on or off when the time relationship is set to degrees CA.
POST
DGENERATE
Added option to copy droplet post data
PRO
*GET
Added options DSMASS, MTNAME, MTTYPE and MXMAT to retrieve droplet and material data Prints the value of an environment variable
ENVVARIABLE
DROPLETS
DRWALL
Added the Senda droplet-wall interaction model
LIQUID FILMS
LFCMPONENT
Added an option to list the liquid film components for a liquid film type
K-2
CONVERT
TGRID
CHEMICAL
CKIN
EVENTS
K-3

Star Rnotes

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Star Rnotes

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

RELEASE NOTES

STAR-CD Versions 4.00 to 4.20

CONFIDENTIAL FOR AUTHORISED USERS ONLY

STAR-CD Version 4 Release Notes

Version 4.20 Release Notes

Version 4.18 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4 Release Notes

V4.04 V4.18 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names Tutorials

Version 4.16 Release Notes

Version 4.14 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4 Release Notes

Version 4.12 Release Notes

Version 4.10 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4 Release Notes

Version 4.08 Release Notes

Version 4.06 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4 Release Notes

V4.04/V4.06 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names Documentation

Version 4.04 Release Notes

Version 4.02 Release Notes

Version 4.00 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4 Release Notes

Appendix A Summary of V4.00 Command Changes

Appendix B Summary of V4.02 Command Changes

Appendix C Summary of V4.04 Command Changes

Appendix D Summary of V4.06 Command Changes

Appendix E Summary of V4.08 Command Changes

Appendix F Summary of V4.10 Command Changes

Appendix G Summary of V4.12 Command Changes

Appendix H Summary of V4.14 Command Changes

STAR-CD Version 4 Release Notes

Appendix I Summary of V4.16 Command Changes

Appendix J Summary of V4.18 Command Changes

Appendix K Summary of V4.20 Command Changes

STAR-CD Version 4.20 Release Notes

Version 4.20 Release Notes

STAR and pro-STAR

STAR-CD Version 4.20 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4.20 Release Notes

STAR and es-ice

STAR-CD Version 4.20 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4.20 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4.18 Release Notes

Version 4.18 Release Notes

STAR solver and pro-STAR

STAR-CD Version 4.18 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4.18 Release Notes

es-ice pre- and post-processing

STAR-CD Version 4.18 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4.18 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4.18 Release Notes

V4.04 V4.18 vs V4.00/V3.2X file names

STAR V3.2X .prob .geom

.trk .smap .rsi

STAR-CD Version 4.18 Release Notes

STAR V4.00 .prob .ccm

.trk .ccm .rsi .ccm Not used Not used

STAR-CD Version 4.16 Release Notes

Version 4.16 Release Notes

pro-STAR pre- and post-processing

es-ice pre- and post-processing

STAR-CD Version 4.16 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4.16 Release Notes

STAR-CD Version 4.16 Release Notes