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DAIRY ENGINEERING
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Submitted by
Dadi. Bhaskar
M. Tech (DT)
L-2013-DT-03-M
ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER
INTRODUCTION
Rotational viscometers are a common tool in the food industry. A metal cylinder probe is caused to rotate in the sample. The torque required to rotate the cylinder at a given speed is measured. The more viscous the sample, the more torque required to rotate the cylinder. Rotational viscometers are relatively simple to use and can measure a wide range of viscosity values. This latter feature is possible as rotational viscometers usually come with a variety of interchangeable probes: thin probes with small surface areas for viscous materials; larger probes with increased surface area for less viscous liquids. Most can also operate at a variety of rotational speeds, and therefore shear rates.
PRINCIPLE
The viscosity is determined by measuring the resistance of a spindle rotating in the sample. The torque required to rotate the cylinder at a given speed is measured. The more viscous the sample, the more torque required to rotate the cylinder.
PARTS
Basically viscometer consists of two parts-a head unit with a motor and a spindle that driven by the motor.
APPLICATION
Rotational viscometers can be used for the accurate measurement of viscosity for both Newtonian and non- Newtonian fluids. Examples like milk, water, mineral oils, paints, gels, inks, ketchup, sausages, etc Rotational viscometer
geometries in "cup and bob" viscometers, known as either the "Couette" or "Searle" systems - distinguished by whether the cup or bob rotates. The rotating cup is preferred in some cases because it reduces the onset of Taylor vortices, but is more difficult to measure accurately. 'Cone and Plate' viscometers use a cone of very shallow angle in bare contact with a flat plate. With this system the shear rate beneath the plate is constant to a modest degree of precision and de-convolution of a flow curve; a graph of shear stress (torque) against shear rate (angular velocity) yields the viscosity in straightforw
is suitable to measure fluids with viscosities in the range of 0.3 to 1,000,000 mPas. can automatically evaluate the temperature dependency of the viscosity in the range of 10-200C within a very short time. is capable of performing determinations of the rheological behaviour of liquids by determining the share rate dependency of the viscosity. provides a better absolute accuracy and repeatability of the results than classical Rotational Viscometers. The EMS Viscometer measures the viscosity of liquids through observation of the rotation of a sphere which is driven by electromagnetic interaction.The
EMS technology distinguishes itself from other rotational viscometers by three main characteristics: All parts of the viscometer which come in direct contact with the sample are disposable and inexpensive. The measurements are performed in a sealed sample vessel. The system requires only very small sample quantities (0.3 mL).
Advantages of EMS Viscometer The EMS technology offers many substantial benefits compared to other Rotational and Capillary Viscometers: No cleaning required: The EMS viscometer is the ideal solution for viscosity measurements of samples like adhesives or to perform studies of viscosity changes of polymer solutions during polymerization. Suitable to perform measurements in a controlled atmosphere: This allows to monitor the viscosity during chemical reactions which must be performed under inert gas or overpressure. No measuring errors due to evaporation: With the EMS Viscometer it is possible to monitor the viscosity of samples during a long period of time and/or at elevated temperatures without measuring errors caused by evaporation. The perfect solution for samples which are only available in small quantities: The EMS viscometer can not only perform viscosity measurements with as little as 0.3 mL of sample - it is even possible to determine the concentration dependency of the viscosity by diluting the same sample up to 26 times. Time-saving: The EMS viscometer requires much less time per measurement than any other rotational viscometer. This is due to three things: Easy sample preparation fast temperature control of the small sample container no cleaning required after measurement.
There are two classical geometries in cup and bob viscometers: Couette systems (A): The outer cylinder (cup) rotates at a constant rate, the resulting torque on the inner cylinder (bob) is measured (e.g. with a torsion wire). Searle systems (B): A rotational speed for the inner cylinder (bob) is preset and the torque required to maintain this speed measured. In Cone and Plate Viscometers the liquid is fills the gap between the cone and plate . The torque required to maintain a preset rotational speed of the cone is measured. Rotational Viscometers are suitable to examine the rheological behaviour of liquids by determining the share rate dependency of the viscosity.
Rotational Viscometer