Caribbean Booty

Common Currency
English Money
1 pound / 1 crown 1 half-a-crown 1 shilling / s. 1 penny / d. 1 farthing = = = = = 20 shillings 5 shillings 2 shillings, 6 pence 12 pence 4 farthings

Moneda Espaola
1 Dubln = 1 Escudo 1 Real de a Ocho / Peso / 8 R 2 Escudos = = = 800 Maraveds [doubloon] 400 Maraveds 8 Reales (de Velln) [Spanish Dollar, pieces of eight] 4 Reales (de Velln) 2 Reales (de Velln) 51 Maraveds 34 Maraveds 17 Maraveds

1 Real de a Cuatro / Tostn / 4 R = 1 Real de a Dos / Peseta / 2 R 1 Real de Plata 1 Real (de Velln) / R 1 Medio Real 1 Maraved = = = =

Monnaie Franaise
1 Louis d'Or 1 cu / Louis Blanc 1 Livre / Franc 1 Sol Turnois 1 Denier = = = = 10-30 Livres 60 Sols 20 Sols 12 Deniers [sols]

Dinheiro Portugus
1 conto 1 moeda 1 quartinho = = = 1,000,000 ris 4800 ris 1200 ris 480 ris 120 ris 20 ris

1 cruzado novo = 1 seis vintns 1 vintm 1 real = =

Nederlands geld
1 gouden dukaat 1 gulden / f., fl., g. 1 stuyver / st. 1 penning / p. = = = 5 guldens, 5 stuyvers 20 stuyvers 16 penningen

Scots Money
1 dollar 1 pound / 1 merk 1 half merk 1 quarter merk 1 shilling / s. 1 bawbee = = = = = = = 4 merks 20 shillings 14 shillings 7 shillings 3 shillings, 6 pence 12 pence 6 pence 2 pence = 56 shillings

1 turner or bodle = 1 pence / d.

The orginal value of the merk minted in the reign of Charles II was 13s 4d; in 1681 it was raised to 14s (the 4 merk piece rose accordingly from 53s 4d to 56s). Shillings circulated in coins of 5s, 10s, 20s, 40s, and 60s. After the Act of Union, 1707, Scotland's real money and its money of account were by law uniform with those of England.

Dansk Penge
1 rigsdaler 1 marck 1 skilling = = 6 marck 16 skilling = 96 skilling

Common and Fair Exchange Rates

Pound Sterling 1/1 51/1900 3/40 9/100 1/3565 1/13 9/40 Spanish Reals 1900/51 1/1 95/34 57/17 13/1244 1900/663 285/34 French Livres 40/3 34/95 1/1 6/5 8/2139 40/39 3/1 Dutch Guilders 100/9 17/57 5/6 1/1 20/6417 100/117 5/2 Portuguese Reals 3565/1 1244/13 2139/8 6417/20 1/1 3565/13 6417/8 Pound Scots 13/1 663/1900 39/40 117/100 13/3565 1/1 117/40 Danish Rigsdaler 40/9 34/285 1/3 2/5 8/6417 40/117 1/1 exchanges into... Pound Sterling Spanish Reals French Livres Dutch Guilders Portuguese Reals Pound Scots Danish Rigsdaler

The Rest of The Olde Worlde

Swenska Pengar
1 Dukat 1 Riksdaler 1 Daler Silfwermynt / D S.M 1 Daler Kopparmynt / D K.M 1 Mark Silfwermynt / M S.M 1 Mark Kopparmynt / M K.M 1 re Silfwermynt 1 re Kopparmynt = = = = = = = 2 Riksdaler 2 Daler Silfwermynt 3 Daler Kopparmynt 4 Mark Kopparmynt 3 Mark Kopparmynt 2 2/3 re Silfwermynt 2 re Kopparmynt = = 8 re Silfwermynt 5 1/3 re Koppar = = 8 Mark Silfwermynt 4 Mark Silfwermynt

Moneta Veneziana [Italy]

Gold o 1 Zecchino o 1 Scudo d'Oro o 1 Ducat Silver o 1 Lira o 1 Cassetti o 1 Soldo Copper o 1 Denaro or Grossetto Italy had no unified currency. = = = 20 Soldi 2 Soldi 12 Denari = 240 Denari = = = 400 Soldi 380 Soldi 260 Soldi

Turkish Money [Ottoman Empire]

1 Gurush or Piaster 1 Zolota 1 Yirmilik 1 Para 1 Akche = = = = 40 Paras 30 Paras 20 Paras 3 Akches = 120 Akches

Russian Money
1 chervonets 1 rouble 1 altyn 1 denga 1 polushka 1 polupolushki = = = = = 2 roubles [the ratio was unstable, called the ducat] 33 altyn, 2 dengi 6 dengi 2 polushki 2 polupolushki = 200 dengi

Reichs-Mntze [Sacrum Imperium Romanum The Holy Roman Empire]

1 Ducat 1 Species Thaler 1 Reichsthaler 1 Gulden / fl. 1 Halber Gulden 1 Kopffstck 1 Ort (Fnffzehner) 1 Sechser 1 Halber Ort = = = = = = = = = 4 Gulden 2 Gulden 90 Kreutzer 60 Kreutzer 30 Kreutzer 20 Kreutzer 15 Kreutzer 6 Kreutzer 7 Kreutzer = 5 Kreutzer = 240 Pfennige

1 Zweyfache Landmntze (Fnffer) 1 Batzen 1 Kayser-Groschen = =

4 Kreutzer 3 Kreutzer 2 Kreutzer 2 Kreutzer 4 Pfennige 2 Heller

1 Einfache Landmntze = 1 Halber Batzen 1 Kreutzer / kr. 1 Pfennig / dl. 1 Heller = = =

Accounting in Reichs-Gulden, Kreutzer and Pfennige was especially common in the southern German centres of trade.

Polish Money
1 zoty = 30 groszy 18 denarw [the Polish gulden] 1 grosz = 1 denar

Persian Money
Gold o o o Silver o o o o Copper o o 1 Kazbeki 1 Dinar = 5 Dinars 1 Thaler / Peso = 1 Abbasi 1 Shahi 1 Bisti = = = 600 Dinars 200 Dinars 50 Dinars 20 Dinars 1 Toman 1 Abbassi 1 Zecchino = = = 50 silver Abbasis 2,000 Dinars 750 Dinars = 10,000 Dinars

Foreign coins supplemented Persia's weak currency. Large sums were noted in Tomans, a pure unit of account, referring to an (unstable) equivalent of gold.

Renaissance Exchange Rates

Pound Sterling 1/1 51/1900 3/40 9/100 1/3565 1/13 9/40 3/100 18/125 3/20 21/100 Spanish Reals 1900/51 1/1 95/34 57/17 13/1244 1900/663 285/34 19/17 285/17 95/17 133/17 French Livres* 40/3 34/95 1/1 6/5 8/2139 40/39 3/1 2/5 48/25 2/1 14/5 Dutch Guilders 100/9 17/57 5/6 1/1 20/6417 100/117 5/2 1/3 8/5 5/3 7/3 Portuguese Reals 3565/1 1244/13 2139/8 6417/20 1/1 3565/13 6417/8 2139/20 12834/25 2139/4 749/1 Pound Scots 13/1 663/1900 39/40 117/100 13/3565 1/1 117/40 43/30 234/125 39/20 273/100 Dk/No/Se Rigsdaler 40/9 34/285 1/3 2/5 8/6417 40/117 1/1 2/15 16/25 2/3 14/15 Venetian Lire 100/3 17/19 5/2 3/1 20/2139 30/43 15/2 1/1 8/1 5/1 7/1 Ottoman Gurush 125/18 17/285 25/48 5/8 25/12834 125/234 25/16 1/8 1/1 25/24 35/24 ReichsGulden 20/3 17/95 1/2 3/5 4/2139 20/39 3/2 1/5 24/25 1/1 7/5 Russian Rubles 100/21 17/133 5/14 3/7 1/749 100/273 15/14 1/7 24/35 5/7 1/1 exchanges into... Pound Sterling Spanish Reals French Livres* Dutch Guilders Portuguese Reals Pound Scots Dk/No/Se Rigsdaler Venetian Lire Ottoman Gurush ReichsGulden Russian Rubles

* French Livres and Polish Guilders are worth the same on a 1:1 ratio, just as Swedish riksdaler and Danish and Norwegian rigsdaler.

Persian Tomans
416.667 of another nationality's currency converts to the following amounts of Persian Tomans. Spanish Reals 2.98 French Livres* 8.333 Dutch Guilders 10 Portuguese Reals 0.03 Pound Scots 8.55 Dk/No/Se Rigsdaler 25 Venetian Lire 3.333 Ottoman Gurush 16 ReichsGulden 16.667 Russian Rubles 23.5 exchanges into... Persian Tomans Pound Sterling 111.11