Abbreviations

A
A/A Air to Air AAF Army Air Field AAIM Aircraft Autonomous Integrity Monitoring AAIS Automated Aerodrome Information Service AAL Above Aerodrome Level AAS Airport Advisory Service AB Air Base ABM Abeam ABN Aerodrome Beacon AC Air Carrier ACA Arctic Control Area ACA Approac Control Area ACAS Airborne Collision Avoidance System ACA!S Airborne Communications Addressing and !eporting System ACC Area Control Center ACF" Aircraft ACN Aircraft Classification Number A# Aerodrome A#A Advisory Area A#F Automatic #irection Finding A#I$ Air #efense Identification $one A#! Advisory !oute A#S Automatic #ependent Surveillance A#% Advisory Area A&IS Aeronautical &nroute Information Service A&! Approac &nd of !un'ay A&!A#I( Air !adio A&!( Aerodrome AF Au) Air Force Au)iliary Field AFB Air Force Base AFIS Aerodrome Flig t Information Service AFN American Forces Net'or* AF!S Armed Forces !adio Stations AF!+ Aerodrome Fre,uency !esponse +nit AFS Air Force Station AFSS Automated Flig t Service Station

A/- Air.to.-round A-L Above -round Level A-NIS A/imut -uidance Nose.in.Stand A0 Alert 0eig t A01 Army 0eliport AI!AC Aeronautical Information !egulation and Control AI!&1 Air.!eport AIS Aeronautical Information Services ALA Aircraft Landing Area ALF Au)iliary Landing Field AL" Altitude AL"N Alternate AMA Area Minimum Altitude AMSL Above Mean Sea Level AN-B Air National -uard Base A(& Airport/Aerodrome of &ntry A(! Area of !esponsibility A1A1I Abbreviated 1recision Approac 1at Indicator A1C Area 1ositive Control A1C0 Approac A11 Approac Control A1" Airport A1% Approac 1rocedures 'it %ertical -uidance A!B Air !eserve Base A!INC Aeronautical !adio2 Inc3 A!( Aerodrome !eporting (fficer A!1 Airport !eference 1oint A!! Arrival A!"CC Air !oute "raffic Control Center AS#A Accelerate Stop #istance Available AS(S Automated Surface (bserving System AS! Airport Surveillance !adar A"A Actual "ime of Arrival A"CAA Air "raffic Control Assigned Airspace A"CC Air "raffic Control Center A"C" Air "raffic Control "o'er A"# Actual "ime of #eparture A"F Aerodrome "raffic Fre,uency A"FM Air "raffic Flo' Management

A"IS Automatic "erminal Information Service A"S Air "raffic Service A"$ Aerodrome "raffic $one A+"0 Aut ori/ed A+4 All.up 4eig t A+5 Au)iliary A%BL Available A4IB Aerodrome4eat er Information Broadcast A4IS Aerodrome4eat er Information Service A4(S Automated 4eat er (bserving System A4SS Aviation 4eat er Sensor System A46 Air'ay A$M A/imut

B
Baro %NA% Barometric %ertical Navigation BC Bac* Course BCM Bac* Course Mar*er BCN Beacon BC(B Bro*en Clouds or Better BCS" Broadcast B#!6 Boundary BL#- Building BM Bac* Mar*er B!- Bearing B.!NA% Basic !NA% BS Broadcast Station 7Commercial8

C
C A"C IF! Flig t 1lan Clearance #elivery Fre,uency CA#I$ Canadian Air #efense Identification $one CA& Control Area &)tension CA/-!S Certified Air/-round !adio Service CAN1A Constant Angle Non.1recision Approac CA!S Community Aerodrome !adio Station CA" Category CBA Cross Border Area C#FA Continuous #escent Final Approac C#I Course #eviation Indicator C#! Conditional !oute

C#" Central #aylig t "ime C&IL Ceiling C&!A1 Combined Center/!adar Approac Control CFI" Controlled Flig t Into "errain C-AS Coast -uard Air Station C-L Circling -uidance Lig ts C0 C annel C0 Critical 0eig t CL Centerline Lig ts CMN1S Canadian Minimum Navigation 1erformance Specification CNF Computer Navigation Fi) C( County C(ML( Compass Locator C(MMS Communications C(N" Continuous C(N"# Continued C((!#S Coordinates C(1 C ange (ver 1oint C(!! Corridor C1 Command 1ost C1#LC Controller 1ilot #ata Lin* Communications Cpt Clearance 71re."a)i 1rocedure8 C!1 Compulsory !eporting 1oint C!S Course CS" Central Standard "ime C"A Control Area C"AF Common "raffic Advisory Fre,uency C"L Control C"(" Calculated "a*e.off "ime C"! Control $one C%F1 C arted %isual Flig t 1rocedure C%F! Controlled %F!

D
# #ay #A #ecision Altitude #A 708 #ecision Altitude 70eig t8 #.A"IS #igital A"IS

#CL #ata Lin* #eparture Clearance Service #C" #irect #&CMSN# #ecommissioned #&- #egree #&1 #eparture Control #eparture 1rocedure #&! #eparture &nd of !un'ay #&4I$ #istance &arly 4arning Identification $one #F #irection Finder #IS1L "0!&S0 #isplaced " res old #IS" #istance #M& #istance.Measuring &,uipment #(# #epartment of #efense #(M #omestic #1 (bstacle #eparture 1rocedure

E
& &ast or &astern &A" &)pected Approac "ime &C(MS 9eppesen &)planation of Common Minimum Specifications &#" &astern #aylig t "ime &&" &stimated &lapsed "ime &FAS &nroute Flig t Advisory Service &FF &ffective &L&% &levation &MAS &ngineered Materials Arresting System &M&!- &mergency &N- &ngine &(B" &stimated (ff Bloc* "ime &S" &astern Standard "ime &S" &stimated &"A &stimated "ime of Arrival &"# &stimated "ime of #eparture &"& &stimated "ime &nroute &"(1S &)tended !ange (peration 'it t'o.engine airplanes &%S &n anced %ision System

F
FAA Federal Aviation Administration FACF Final Approac Course Fi) FAF Final Approac Fi) FAIL Failure FANS Future Air Navigation System FA1 Final Approac 1oint FA! Federal Aviation !egulation FA" Final Approac "rac* FA"( Final Approac and "a*e.off Area FC1 Final Control 1oint FIC Flig t Information Center FI! Flig t Information !egion FIS Flig t Information Service FL Flig t Level 7Altitude8 FL# Field FL- Flas ing FL" Flig t FM Fan Mar*er FMC Flig t Management Computer FMS Flig t Management System F1M Feet 1er Minute F1! Flig t 1lanning !e,uirements F!&: Fre,uency FSS Flig t Service Station F" Feet F"S Fle)ible "rac* System

G
- -uards only 7radio fre,uencies8 -A -eneral Aviation -BAS -round.Based Augmentation System -CA -round Controlled Approac 7radar8 -C( -round Communication (utlet -&N -eneral -L(NASS -lobal (rbiting Navigation Satellite System -LS -lobal Navigation Satellite System ;-NSS< Landing System -M" -reen'ic Mean "ime

-N# -round Control -N# Surface of t e &art 7eit er land or 'ater8 -NSS -lobal Navigation Satellite System -1 -lidepat -1S -lobal 1ositioning System -14S -round 1ro)imity 4arning System -S -lide Slope -/S -round Speed -4" -ross 4eig t

H
0 Non.#irectional !adio Beacon or 0ig Altitude 0=> => 0our Service 0AA 0eig t Above Airport 0ALS 0ig Approac Landing System 0AS 0eig t Above Site 0A" 0eig t Above "ouc do'n 0C Critical 0eig t 0#- 0eading 0F 0ig Fre,uency 7?.?@ M0/8 0-S 0ead.up -uidance System 0I 0ig 7altitude8 0I 0ig Intensity 7lig ts8 0IALS 0ig Intensity Approac Lig t System 0I!L 0ig Intensity !un'ay &dge Lig ts 0I4AS 0a/ardous Inflig t 4eat er Advisory Service 09 Sunrise to Sunset 0N Sunset to Sunrise 0( By (perational !e,uirements 1a 0ectopascal 7one ectopascal A one millibar8 0! 0ours 7period of time8 0S #uring 0ours of Sc eduled (perations 0S" 0ig Speed "a)i'ay "urn.off 0+#LS 0ead.+p #isplay Landing System 05 No Specific 4or*ing 0ours 0/ 0ert/ 7cycles per second8

I
I Island IAC Instrument Approac C art IAF Initial Approac Fi) IAS Indicated Airspeed IA"A International Air "ransport Association IA41 Initial Approac 4aypoint IBN Identification Beacon ICA( International Civil Aviation (rgani/ation I#&N" Identification IF Intermediate Fi) IF! Instrument Flig t !ules I-S Instrument -uidance System ILS Instrument Landing System IM Inner Mar*er IMAL Integrity Monitor Alarm IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions IM"A Intensive Military "raining Area IN#&FL6 Indefinitely IN or INS Inc es INF( Information IN(1 Inoperative INS Inertial Navigation System IN" Intersection IN"L International I(!!A Indian (cean !andom !NA% Area I! Instrument !estricted Controlled Airspace IS Islands I"4S Integrated "erminal 4eat er System I/% Instrument/%isual Controlled Airspace

J
9AA 9oint Aviation Aut ority

K
B-S Bilograms *0/ Bilo ert/

BIAS Bnots Indicated Airspeed BM Bilometers BM0 Bilometer7s8 per 0our B" Bnots B"AS Bnots "rue Airspeed

L
L Locator 7Compass8 LAA Local Airport Advisory LAAS Local Area Augmentation System LACF" Large Aircraft LA0S( Land and 0old S ort (perations LA" Latitude LBCM Locator Bac* Course Mar*er LBM Locator Bac* Mar*er LBS 1ounds 74eig t8 LC- Load Classification -roup LCN Load Classification Number Lctr Locator 7Compass8 L#A Landing #istance Available L#A Locali/er.type #irectional Aid L#I Landing #irection Indicator L#IN Lead.in Lig t System L-"0 Lengt LIM Locator Inner Mar*er LI!L Lo' Intensity !un'ay Lig ts LL4AS Lo' Level 4ind S ear Alert System LMM Locator Middle Mar*er LNA% Lateral Navigation LN#- Landing L( Locator at (uter Mar*er Site L(C Locali/er L(M Locator (uter Mar*er L(N- Longitude L1% Locali/er 1erformance 'it %ertical -uidance LSAL" Lo'est Safe Altitude L" Local "ime L"S Lig ts

L%1 Lo' %isibility 1rocedures L4IS Limited 4eat er Information System

M
M Meters MAA Ma)imum Aut ori/ed Altitude MA- Magnetic MA0F Missed Approac 0olding Fi) MALS Medium Intensity Approac Lig t System MALSF Medium Intensity Approac Lig t System 'it Se,uenced Flas ing Lig t MALS! Medium Intensity Approac Lig t System 'it !un'ay Alignment Indicator Lig ts MA1 Missed Approac 1oint MA5 Ma)imum MB Millibars MB$ Mandatory Broadcast $one MCA Minimum Crossing Altitude MCAF Marine Corps Air Facility MCAS Marine Corps Air Station MC"A Military Controlled Airspace M#A Minimum #escent Altitude M#A708 Minimum #escent Altitude 70eig t8 M#" Mountain #aylig t "ime M&A Minimum &nroute Altitude M&0" Minimum &ye 0eig t (ver " res old M&ML Memorial M&" Meteorological MF Mandatory Fre,uency MFA Minimum Flig t Altitude M0A Minimum 0olding Altitude M0/ Mega ert/ MI Medium Intensity 7lig ts8 MIALS Medium Intensity Approac Lig t System MIL Military MIM Minimum MIN Minute MI!L Medium Intensity !un'ay &dge Lig ts MB! Mar*er !adio Beacon MLS Micro'ave Landing System

MM Middle Mar*er MNM Minimum MN1S Minimum Navigation 1erformance Specifications M(A Military (peration Area M(CA Minimum (bstruction Clearance Altitude M(!A Minimum (ff.!oute Altitude 7-rid or !oute8 M!A Minimum !eception Altitude MSA Minimum Safe Altitude MSL Mean Sea Level MS" Mountain Standard "ime M"A Military "raining Area M"AF Mandatory "raffic Advisory Fre,uency M"CA Minimum "errain Clearance Altitude M"MA Military "erminal Control Area M"(4 Ma)imum "a*e.off 4eig t M+N Municipal M%A Minimum %ectoring Altitude

N
N Nig t2 Nort or Nort ern NA Not Aut ori/ed NAAS Naval Au)iliary Air Station NA#C Naval Air #evelopment Center NA&C Naval Air &ngineering Center NAF Naval Air Facility NALF Naval Au)iliary Landing Field NA1 Noise Abatement 1rocedure NA! Nort American !outes NAS Naval Air Station NA" Nort Atlantic "raffic NA"/("S Nort Atlantic "raffic/(rgani/ed "rac* System NA"L National NA%AI# Navigational Aid NCA Nort ern Control Area NC!1 Non.Compulsory !eporting 1oint N#B Non.#irectional Beacon/!adio Beacon N& Nort east NM Nautical Mile7s8

No Number No1" No 1rocedure "urn N("AM Notices to Airmen N1A Non.1recision Approac N4 Nort 'est N4C Naval 4eapons Center

O
(/A (n or About (AC (ceanic Area Control (AS (bstacle Assessment Surface (CA (ceanic Control Area (CA 708 (bstacle Clearance Altitude 70eig t (CL (bstacle Clearance Limit (CNL (ccasional (C"A (ceanic Control Area (#ALS (mni.#irectionalApproac Lig t System (M (uter Mar*er (1S (perations or (perates (/! (n !e,uest (/" (t er "imes ("! (ceanic "ransition !oute ("S (ut.of.Service

P
1A 1recision Approac 1AL 1ilot Activated Lig ting 1ANS.(1S 1rocedures for Air Navigation Services . Aircraft (perations 1A1I 1recision Approac 1at Indicator 1A! 1recision Approac !adar 1CL 1ilot Controlled Lig ting 1CN 1avement Classification Number 1C$ 1ositive Control $one 1#C 1re.#eparture Clearance 1#- 1rocedure #esign -radient 1#" 1acific #aylig t "ime 1&!M 1ermanent

1inS 1oint In Space 1IS"(N 1iston Aircraft 19& 1arac ute 9umping &)ercise 1LASI 1ulsating%isual Approac Slope Indicator 11( 1rior 1ermission (nly 11! 1rior 1ermission !e,uired 1!A 1recision !adar Approac 1!M 1recision !adar Monitor 1.!NA% 1recision !NA% 1!(C 1rocedure 1!(1 1ropeller Aircraft 1S1 1ierced Steel 1lan*ing 1S" 1acific Standard "ime 1"( 1art "ime (peration 1%" 1rivate (perator

Q
:#M Magnetic bearing to facility :#! Magnetic bearing from facility :F& 0eig t above airport elevation 7or run'ay t res old elevation8 based on local station pressure :N& Altimeter setting =C3C=D 0g or E@E?3= Mb3 :N0 Altitude above sea level based on local station pressure ! !.@F? or @F?! Magnetic Course 7radial8 measured as @F? from a %(! station3 Flig t can be inbound or outbound on t is line3

R
!A !adio Altimeter !AI !un'ay Alignment Indicator !AIL !un'ay Alignment Indicator Lig ts !AIM !eceiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring !A1C(N !adar Approac Control !ASS !emote Altimeter Source !CA- !emote Communications Air -round !CC !escue Coordination Center !CL !un'ay Centerline !CLM !un'ay Center Line Mar*ings !C( !emote Communications (utlet !&F !eference !&IL !un'ay &nd Identifier Lig ts

!&1 !eporting 1oint !&SA !un'ay &nd Safety Area !&% !everse !&1 !amp &ntrance 1oint !L !un'ay 7edge8 Lig ts !NA% Area Navigation !N1 !e,uired Navigation 1erformance !N1C !e,uired Navigation 1erformance Capability !(C !ate of Climb !1" !egular 1ublic "ransport !SA !un'ay Safety Area !"& !oute !"F !adiotelep ony !"S !eturn to Service !%! !un'ay %isual !ange !%SM !educed %ertical Separation Minimum !%% !un'ay %isibility %alues !4 !un'ay !46 !un'ay

S
S Sout or Sout ern SAAA! Special Aircre' and Aircraft Aut ori/ation !e,uired SALS S ort Approac Lig t System SALSF S ort Approac Lig t System 'it Se,uenced Flas ing Lig ts SA1 Stabili/ed Approac SA! Searc and !escue SA"C(M Satellite voice air.ground calling SA4!S Supplementary Aviation 4eat er !eporting Station SBAS Satellite.Based Augmentation System SCA Sout ern Control Area SC(B Scattered Clouds or Better S#F Simplified #irectional Facility S& Sout east S&C Seconds S&LCAL Selective Call System SFL Se,uenced Flas ing Lig ts SFL.% Se,uenced Flas ing Lig ts . %ariable Lig t Intensity

 Standard Instrument #eparture SI4L Single Isolated 4 eel Load SB# Sc eduled SL1 Speed Limiting 1oint SM Statute Miles SMA Segment Minimum Altitude SM-CS Surface Movement -uidance and Control System SMSA Segment Minimum Safe Altitude S(C Start of Climb S(#ALS Simplified (mnidirectional Approac Lig ting System S1A! Frenc Lig t 1recision Approac !adar S!A Special !ules Area S!A Surveillance !adar Approac S!& Surveillance !adar &lement S!.SS Sunrise.Sunset SSALF Simplified S ort Approac Lig t System 'it Se,uenced Flas ing Lig ts SSAL! Simplified S ort Approac Lig t System 'it !un'ay Alignment Indicator Lig ts SSALS Simplified S ort Approac Lig t System SSB Single Sideband SS! Secondary Surveillance !adar 7in +3S3A3 A"C!BS8 Standard "erminal Arrival !oute 7+SA8 Standard Instrument Arrival 7ICA(8 S"# Indication of an altimeter set to =C3C=D 0g or E@E?3= Mb 'it out temperature correction Std Standard S".IN Straig t.in S"(L S ort "a*e.off and Landing S4 Single 4 eel Landing -ear S4 Sout 'est S6S System

T
G" "rue 7degrees8 " "errain clearance altitude 7M(CA8 " "ransmits only 7radio fre,uencies8 ".%ASI "ee %isual Approac Slope Indicator "A "ransition Altitude "AA "erminal Arrival Altitude "AA "erminal Arrival Area

"ACAN "actical Air Navigation 7bearing and distance station8 "AS "rue Air Speed "CA "erminal Control Area "CAS "raffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System "C0 " res old Crossing 0eig t "C"A "ranscontinental Control Area "#4! "erminal #oppler 4eat er !adar "#$ "ouc do'n $one "#$& "ouc do'n $one &levation "&M1 "emporary "&!1S +nited States Standard for "erminal Instrument 1rocedure "0! " res old "IBA "raffic Information Broadcast by Aircraft "L "ransition Level "MA "erminal Control Area "ML "erminal "MN "erminates "M$ "ransponder Mandatory $one "NA "ransition Area "(#A "a*e.off #istance Available "(!A "a*e.off !un Available "1 "urning 1oint "!AC(N "erminal !adar Approac Control "!ANS "ransition7s8 "!ANS AL" "ransition Altitude "!ANS L&%&L "ransition Level "!C% "ri.Color %isual Approac Slope Indicator "SA "emporary Segregated Area "%(! "erminal %(! "4&B "ranscribed 4eat er Broadcast "4I1 "erminal4eat er Information for 1ilots "4! "o'er 7Aerodrome Control8 "46 "a)i'ay

U
+ +nspecified + +NIC(M +FN +ntil Furt er Notice

+0F +ltra 0ig Fre,uency 7?@@.?@@@ M0/8 +I! +pper Flig t Information !egion +NC"HL +ncontrolled +NIC(M Aeronautical Advisory Service +NIC(M 7A8 Automated +NIC(M +NL +nlimited +/S +nserviceable +SAF +S Air Force +SB +pper Sideband +SN +S Navy +"A +pper Control Area +"C Coordinated +niversal "ime

%A! Magnetic %ariation %ASI %isual Approac Slope Indicator %#1 %isual #escent 1oint %& %isual &)empted %F! %isual Flig t !ules %-SI %isual -lide Slope Indicator %0A %olcanic 0a/ard Area %0F %ery 0ig Fre,uency 7?@.?@@ M0/8 %IS %isibility %MC %isual Meteorological Conditions %NA1 %ertical Noise Abatement 1rocedures %NA% %ertical Navigation %(LM&" Meteorological Information for Aircraft in Flig t %(! %0F (mnidirectional !ange %(!"AC %(! and "ACAN co.located %(" !adiated "est Signal %(! %1A %ertical 1at Angle %% %ertical %isibility %/% %ertical %elocity or speed

!
4AAS 4ide Area Augmentation System 4 4est or 4estern

4/( 4it out 41 Area Navigation 7!NA%8 4aypoint 4S1 4eat er Systems 1rocessor 45 4eat er

"
5 (n !e,uest

#
N( &N"!I&S

$
$ $ulu "ime $ Coordinated +niversal "ime 7+"C8

C%art&G'ossar(&
A
ACC&L&!A"& S"(1 #IS"ANC& A%AILABL& 7AS#A8 " e lengt of t e ta*eoff run available plus t e lengt of t e stop'ay2 if provided3 A#&:+A"& %IS !&F 7Ade,uate %isual !eference8 !un'ay mar*ings or run'ay lig ting t at provides t e pilot 'it ade,uate visual reference to continuously identify t e ta*eoff surface and maintain directional control t roug out t e ta*eoff run3 A#%IS(!6 !(+"& 7A#!8 A designated route along ' ic air traffic advisory service is available3 NOTEI Air traffic control service provides a muc more complete service t an air traffic advisory serviceJ advisory areas and routes are t erefore not establis ed 'it in controlled airspace2 but air traffic advisory service may be provided belo' and above control areas3 A#%IS(!6 S&!%IC& Advice and information provided by a facility to assist pilots in t e safe conduct of flig t and aircraft movement3 A&!(#!(M& FLI-0" INF(!MA"I(N S&!%IC& 7AFIS8 A directed traffic information and operational information service provided 'it in an aerodrome flig t information /one2 to all radio e,uipped aircraft2 to assist in t e safe and efficient conduct of flig t3 A&!(#!(M& !&F&!&NC& C(#& A simple met od for interrelating t e numerous specifications concerning t e c aracteristics of aerodromes so as to provide a series of aerodromes facilities t at are suitable for t e aeroplanes t at are intended to operate at t e aerodrome3 " e aerodrome reference code code number and letter2 ' ic are selected for aerodrome planning purposes2 ave t e meanings assigned to t em as indicated in t e table belo'I NOTEI -uidance on planning for aeroplanes 'it 'ing spans greater t an K@m is given in t e ICA( #oc3 CELM NAerodrome #esign Manual2O 1arts E and =3 A&!(#!(M& "!AFFIC F!&:+&NC6 7A"F8

A fre,uency designated at an uncontrolled airport3 An A"F is used to ensure all radio e,uipped aircraft operating 'it in t e area2 normally 'it in a L NM radius of t e airport2 are listening on a common fre,uency3 " e A"F is normally t e ground station fre,uency3 4 ere a ground station does not e)ist2 a common fre,uency is designated3 !adio call sign is t at of t e ground station2 or ' ere no ground station e)ists2 a broadcast is made 'it t e call sign N"raffic Advisory3O 9eppesen c arts list t e fre,uency and t e area of use ' en ot er t an t e standard L NM3 A&!(#!(M& "!AFFIC $(N& 7A"$8 An airspace of detailed dimensions establis ed around an aerodrome for t e protection of aerodrome traffic3 A&!(NA+"ICAL !A#I(2 INC(!1(!A"&# 7A!INC8 An international radio net'or* providing air.to.ground communications available on a subscription 7fee8 basis3 AI!C!AF" A11!(AC0 CA"&-(!6 7+SA "&!1S8 A grouping of aircraft based on a speed of %ref2 if specified2 or if %ref is not specified2 E3? %S@ at t e ma)imum certificated landing 'eig t3 %ref2 %S@2 and t e ma)imum certificated landing 'eig t are t ose values as establis ed for t e aircraft by t e certification aut ority of t e country of registry3 An aircraft s all fit in only one category3 If it is necessary to maneuver at speeds in e)cess of t e upper limit of a speed range for a category2 t e minimums for t e e)t ig er category s ould be used3 For e)ample2 an aircraft ' ic falls in Category A2 but is circling to land at a speed in e)cess of CE *nots2 s ould use t e approac Category B minimums ' en circling to land3 " e categories are as follo'sI

Category ASpeed less t an CE *nots3 Category B Speed CE *nots or more but less t an E=E *nots3 Category CSpeed E=E *nots or more but less t an E>E *nots3 Category #Speed E>E *nots or more but less t an EFF *nots3 Category &Speed EFF *nots or more3

NOTEI Category & includes only certain Military Aircraft and is not included on 9eppesen Approac C arts3 AI!C!AF" A11!(AC0 CA"&-(!6 7ICA(8 " e follo'ing ICA( table indicates t e specified range of andling speeds 7IAS in Bnots8 for eac category of aircraft to perform t e maneuvers specified3 " ese speed ranges ave been assumed for use in calculating airspace and obstacle clearance for eac procedure3 %at Speed at t res old based on E3? times stall speed in t e landing configuration at ma)imum certificated landing mass3 PMa)imum speed for reversal and racetrac* procedures3

Category & contains only certain Military Aircraft and is not included on 9eppesen Approac C arts3 NOTEI " e speed table applies to t e ne' ICA( approac procedures ' ic are identifiable by t e (CA708 figures and t e 1ANS (1S notation on t e lo'er left corner of t e approac c art3 (ld ICA( approac procedures s o' an (CL instead of (CA7083 #eviations are listed in t e Air "raffic Control section3 AI! #&F&NS& I#&N"IFICA"I(N $(N& " e area of airspace over land or 'ater2 e)tending up'ard from t e surface2 'it in ' ic t e ready identification2 t e location2 and t e control of aircraft are re,uired in t e interest of national security3 AI!1(!" &L&%A"I(N/FI&L# &L&%A"I(N " e ig est point of an airports usable run'ays measured in feet from mean sea level3 In a fe' countries2 t e airport elevation is determined at t e airport reference point3 AI!1(!" !&F&!&NC& 1(IN" 7A!18 A point on t e airport designated as t e official airport location3 AI!1(!" S+!%&ILLANC& !A#A! 7AS!8 Approac control radar used to detect and display an aircraftHs position in t e terminal area3 AS! provides range and a/imut information but does not provide elevation data3 Coverage of t e AS! can e)tend up to F@ miles3 AI! "!AFFIC C(N"!(L CL&A!ANC& An aut ori/ation by air traffic control2 for t e purpose of preventing collision bet'een *no'n aircraft2 for an aircraft to proceed under specified traffic conditions 'it in controlled airspace3 AI! "!AFFIC C(N"!(L ASSI-N&# AI!S1AC& 7A"CAA8 Airspace of defined vertical/lateral limits2 assigned by A"C2 for t e purpose of providing air traffic segregation bet'een t e specified activities being conducted 'it in t e assigned airspace and ot er IF! air traffic3 AIR!A# )ICAO* A control area or portion t ereof establis ed in t e form of a corridor e,uipped 'it radio navigation aids3 AIR!A# )USA* A Class & airspace area establis ed in t e form of a corridor2 t e centerline of ' ic is defined by radio navigational aids3

AL(N- "!ACB #IS"ANC& " e distance measured from a point.in.space by systems using area navigation reference capabilities t at are not subQect to slant range errors3 ALTERNATE&AERODROME )ICAO* An aerodrome to ' ic an aircraft may proceed ' en it becomes eit er impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or to land at t e aerodrome of intended landing3 NOTEI " e aerodrome from ' ic a flig t departs may also be an en route or a destination alternate aerodrome for t at flig t3 AL"&!NA"& AI!1(!" 7+SA8 An airport at ' ic an aircraft may land if a landing at t e intended airport becomes inadvisable3 AL"IM&"&! S&""IN" e barometric pressure reading used to adQust a pressure altimeter for variations in e)isting atmosp eric pressure or to t e standard altimeter setting 7=C3C= inc es of mercury2 E@E?3= ectopascals or E@E?3= millibars83 AL"I"+#& 7ICA(8 " e vertical distance of a level2 a point2 or an obQect considered as a point2 measured from Mean Sea Level 7MSL83 ALTITUDE )USA* " e eig t of a level2 point or obQect measured in feet Above -round Level 7A-L8 or from Mean Sea Level 7MSL83 E3 A-L Altitude R Altitude e)pressed in feet measured above ground level 7:F&83 =3 MSL Altitude R Altitude e)pressed in feet measured from mean sea level 7:N083 ?3 Indicated Altitude R " e Altitude as s o'n by an altimeter3 (n a pressure barometric altimeter it is altitude as s o'n uncorrected for instrument error and uncompensated for variation from standard atmosp eric conditions3 AREA NA IGATION/RNA A met od of navigation t at permits aircraft operations on any desired course 'it in t e coverage of station referenced navigation signals or 'it in t e limits of self contained system capability3 ARRI AL ROUTES&)ICAO*

!outes on an instrument approac procedure by ' ic aircraft may proceed from t e en route p ase of flig t to t e initial approac fi)3 ATS ROUTE A specified route designated for c anneling t e flo' of traffic as necessary for t e provision of air traffic services3 NOTEI " e term NA"S !outeO is used to mean variously2 air'ay2 advisory route2 controlled or uncontrolled route2 arrival or departure route2 etc3 AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SUR EILLANCE )ADS* A surveillance tec ni,ue2 in ' ic aircraft automatically provide2 via a data lin*2 data derived from on. board navigation and position fi)ing systems2 including aircraft identification2 four.dimensional position and additional data as appropriate3 A+"(MA"&# S+!FAC& (BS&!%A"I(N S6S"&M 7AS(S8 " e Automated Surface (bservation System2 in t e +nited States2 is a surface 'eat er observing system implemented by t e National 4eat er Service2 t e Federal Aviation Administration and t e #epartment of #efense3 It is designed to support aviation operations and 'eat er forecast activities3 " e AS(S provides continuous minute.byminute observations and performs t e basic observing functions necessary to generate an aviation routine 'eat er report 7M&"A!8 and ot er aviation 'eat er information3 AS(S information may be transmitted over a discrete %0F radio fre,uency or t e voice portion of a local NA%AI#3 A+"(MA"&# 4&A"0&! (BS&!%IN- S6S"&M 7A4(S8 An automated 'eat er reporting system ' ic transmits local real.time 'eat er data directly to t e pilot3 A4(S.E +sually reports altimeter setting2 'ind data2 temperature2 de'point and density altitude3 A4(S.= !eports same as A4(S.E plus visibility3 A4(S.? !eports t e same as A4(S.= plus cloud/ceiling data3

B
B!ABIN- AC"I(N 7-((#2 FAI!2 1((!2 NIL8 A report of conditions on t e airport movement area providing a pilot 'it a degree/,uality of bra*ing t at mig t be e)pected3 Bra*ing action is reported in terms of good2 fair2 poor2 or nil3

C
CA!#INAL AL"I"+#&S (! FLI-0" L&%&LS N(ddO or N&venO t ousand.foot altitudes or flig t levelsJ e3g32 L@@@2 F@@@2 M@@@2 FLF@2 FL=L@2 FL=F@2

FL=M@3 CEILING )ICAO* " e eig t above t e ground or 'ater of t e base of t e lo'est layer of cloud belo' F@@@ meters 7=@2@@@ feet8 covering more t an alf t e s*y3 CEILING )USA* " e eig t above t e eart s surface of t e lo'est layer of clouds or obscuring p enomena t at is reported as Nbro*enO2 NovercastO2 or NobscurationO2 and not classified as Nt inO2 or NpartialO3 CHART NOTAMS 9eppesen C art N("AMs include significant information c anges affecting &nroute2 Area2 and "erminal c arts3 &ntries are publis ed until t e temporary condition no longer e)ists2 or until t e permanent c ange appears on revised c arts3 &nroute c art numbers / panel numbers / letters and area c art identifiers are included for eac entry in t e enroute portion of t e c art N("AMs3 "o avoid duplication of information in combined &nroute and "erminal C art N("AMs2 navaid conditions2 e)cept for ILS components2 are listed only in t e &nroute portion of t e C art N("AMs3 All times are local unless ot er'ise indicated3 Arro's indicate ne' or revised information3 C art N("AMs are only an abbreviated service3 Al'ays as* for pertinent N("AMs prior to flig t3 C(MM(N "!AFFIC A#%IS(!6 F!&:+&NC6 7C"AF8 7+SA8 A fre,uency designed for t e purpose of carrying out airport advisory practices ' ile operating to or from an uncontrolled airport3 " e C"AF may be a +NIC(M2 Multicom2 FSS2 or to'er fre,uency3 C(MM+NI"6 A&!(#!(M& !A#I( S"A"I(N 7CA!S8 An aerodrome radio t at provides 'eat er2 field conditions2 accepts flig t plans and position reports3 C(M1+LS(!6 !&1(!"IN- 1(IN"S !eporting points ' ic must be reported to A"C3 " ey are designated on aeronautical c arts by solid triangles or filed in a flig t plan as fi)es selected to define direct routes3 " ese points are geograp ical locations ' ic are defined by navigation aids/fi)es3 1ilots s ould discontinue position reporting over compulsory reporting points ' en informed by A"C t at t eir aircraft is in Nradar contact3O CONDITIONAL&ROUTES&)CDR* )E+ro,e* Category E2=2?3 Category EI 1ermanently plannable C#! during designated times3

Category =I 1lannable only during times designated in t e Conditional !oute Availability Message 7C!AM8 publis ed at EL@@$ for t e => our period starting at @F@@$ t e ne)t day3 Category ?I Not plannable3 +sable only ' en directed by A"C3 CONTROL AREA )ICAO* A controlled airspace e)tending up'ards from a specified limit above t e eart 3 CONTROLLED AIRSPACE An airspace of defined dimensions 'it in ' ic air traffic control service is provided to IF! flig ts and to %F! flig ts in accordance 'it t e airspace classification3 N("&I Controlled airspace is a generic term ' ic covers A"S airspace Classes A2 B2 C2 #2 and &3 CONTROL $ONE )ICAO* A controlled airspace e)tending up'ards from t e surface of t e eart to a specified upper limit3 C(+!S& E3 " e intended direction of flig t in t e ori/ontal plane measured in degrees from nort 3 =3 " e ILS locali/er signal pattern usually specified as front course or bac* course3 ?3 " e intended trac* along a straig t2 curved2 or segmented MLS pat 3 C!I"ICAL 0&I-0" Lo'est eig t in relation to an aerodrome specified level belo' ' ic an approac procedure cannot be continued in a safe manner solely by t e aid of instruments3

D
DECISION&ALTITUDE-HEIGHT&)DA-H* )ICAO* A specified altitude or eig t 7A/08 in t e precision approac at ' ic a missed approac must be initiated if t e re,uired visual reference to continue t e approac as not been establis ed3 N("&SI E3 #ecision altitude 7#A8 is referenced to mean sea level 7MSL8 and decision eig t 7#08 is referenced to t e t res old elevation3 =3 " e re,uired visual reference means t at section of t e visual aids or of t e approac area ' ic s ould ave been in vie' for sufficient time for t e pilot to ave made an assessment of t e aircraft position and rate of c ange of position2 in relation to t e desired flig t pat 3

#&CISI(N 0&I-0" 7#08 7+SA 8 4it respect to t e operation of aircraft2 means t e eig t at ' ic a decision must be made2 during an ILS or 1A! instrument approac 2 to eit er continue t e approac or to e)ecute a missed approac 3 N("&I 9eppesen approac c arts use t e abbreviation #A7083 " e decision altitude N#AO is referenced to mean sea level 7MSL8 and t e parent etical decision eig t 7#08 is referenced to t e "#$& or t res old elevation3 A #A708 of E2>>@ ft 7=@@ ft is a #ecision Altitude of E2>>@ ft and a #ecision 0eig t of =@@ ft3 #&1A!"+!& CL&A!ANC& %IA #A"A LINB 7#CL8 1rovides assistance for re,uesting and delivering information and clearance2 'it t e obQective of reducing aircre' and controller 'or*load3 " e #CL service s all be initiated by t e aircre' at a suitable time bet'een "i and "t ' ereI "i Rt e earliest time at ' ic a #CL service can be initiatedJ "t Rt e latest time after ' ic an aircre'2 aving not completed t e #CL service2 is still able to receive by voice procedures and in due time2 t e vocal departure clearance3 " e t ird time parameter of t e #CL ac*no'ledge procedure is "E ' ereI "ERtimer implemented in t e A"S ground system bet'een t e sending by A"S ground system of t e #CL clearance message and t e reception by it of t e read.bac* of #CL clearance message3 #I!&C" !(+"& A re,uested route publis ed on a 9eppesen &nroute or Area c art to assist pilots ' o ave previous *no'ledge of acceptance of t ese routes by A"C3 +se of a #irect route may re,uire prior A"C approval and may not provide A"C or Advisory services2 or be acceptable in flig t plans3 #IS1LAC&# "0!&S0(L# A t res old t at is located at a point on t e run'ay ot er t an t e designated beginning of t e run'ay3

E
&N!(+"& FLI-0" A#%IS(!6 S&!%IC& 7FLI-0" 4A"C08 A service specifically designed to provide2 upon pilot re,uest2 timely 'eat er information pertinent to t e type of flig t2 intended route of flig t2 and altitude3 " e FSSs providing t is service are indicated on 9eppesen &nroute and Area c arts3

F
FAA AI! CA!!I&! (1&!A"I(NS S1&CIFICA"I(NS #ocument issued to users operating under Federal Aviation Administration !egulations 7FA!8 1arts E=E2 E=L2 E=M2 E=C2 and E?L3 (perations Specifications are establis ed and formali/ed by FA!s3 " e

primary purpose of FAA Air Carrier (perations Specifications is to provide a legally enforceable means of prescribing an aut ori/ation2 limitation and/or procedures for a specific operator3 (perations Specifications are subQect to e)peditious c anges3 " ese c anges are usually too time critical to adopt t roug t e regulatory process3 F&&#&! FI5 " e fi) depicted on instrument approac procedure c arts ' ic establis es t e starting point of t e feeder route3 F&&#&! !(+"& !outes depicted on instrument approac procedure c arts to designate routes for aircraft to proceed from t e en route structure to t e initial approac fi) 7IAF83 FINAL A11!(AC0 C(+!S& A publis ed MLS course2 a straig t line e)tension of a locali/er2 a final approac radial/bearing2 or a run'ay centerline all 'it out regard to distance3 FINAL A11!(AC0 7ICA(8 " at part of an instrument approac procedure ' ic commences at t e specified final approac fi) or point2 or ' ere suc a fi) or point is not specified2 E3 at t e end of t e last procedure turn2 base turn or inbound turn of a racetrac* procedure2 if specifiedJ or E3 at t e point of interception of t e last trac* specified in t e approac procedureJ and ends at a point in t e vicinity of an aerodrome from ' ic I a3 a landing can be madeJ or b3 a missed approac procedure is initiated3 FINAL A11!(AC0 FI5 7FAF8 " e fi) from ' ic t e final approac 7IF!8 to an airport is e)ecuted and ' ic identifies t e beginning of t e final approac segment3 It is designated in t e profile vie' of 9eppesen "erminal c arts by t e Maltese Cross symbol for non.precision approac es and by t e glide slope/pat intercept point on precision approac es3 " e glide slope/pat symbol starts at t e FAF3 4 en A"C directs a lo'er.t an.publis ed -lide Slope/1at Intercept Altitude2 it is t e resultant actual point of t e glide slope/pat intercept3 FINAL A11!(AC0 FI5 7FAF8 7A+S"!ALIA8 A specified point on a non.precision approac ' ic identifies t e commencement of t e final segment3 " e FAF is designated in t e profile vie' of 9eppesen "erminal c arts by t e Maltese Cross symbol3

FINAL A11!(AC0IF! 7+SA8 " e flig t pat of an aircraft ' ic is inbound to an airport on a final instrument approac course2 beginning at t e final approac fi) or point and e)tending to t e airport or t e point ' ere a circle.to. land maneuver or a missed approac is e)ecuted3 FINAL A11!(AC0 1(IN" 7FA18 7+SA8 " e point2 applicable only to a non.precision approac 'it no depicted FAF 7suc as an on.airport %(!82 ' ere t e aircraft is establis ed inbound on t e final approac course from t e procedure turn and ' ere t e final approac descent may be commenced3 " e FA1 serves as t e FAF and identifies t e beginning of t e final approac segment3 FINAL A11!(AC0 FI5 (! 1(IN" 7FA18 7ICA(8 " at fi) or point of an instrument approac procedure ' ere t e final approac segment commences3 FINAL A11!(AC0 1(IN" 7FA18 7A+S"!ALIA8 A specified point on t e glide pat of a precision instrument approac ' ic identifies t e commencement of t e final segment3 N("&I " e FA1 is co.incident 'it t e FAF of a locali/er.based non.precision approac 3 FLI-0" INF(!MA"I(N !&-I(N 7FI!2 +I!8 An airspace of defined dimensions 'it in ' ic Flig t Information Service and Alerting Service are provided3 E3 Flig t Information Service 7FIS8 R A service provided for t e purpose of giving advice and information useful for t e safe and efficient conduct of flig ts3 =3 Alerting Service R A service provided to notify appropriate organi/ations regarding aircraft in need of searc and rescue aid2 and assist suc organi/ations as re,uired3 FLI-0" 4A"C0 7+SA8 A s ortened term for use in air.ground contacts to identify t e flig t service station providing &nroute Flig t Advisory ServiceJ e3g32 N(a*land Flig t 4atc 3O FL6.B6 4A61(IN" A fly.by 'aypoint re,uires t e use of turn anticipation to avoid overs oot of t e ne)t flig t segment3 FL6.(%&! 4A61(IN" A fly.over 'aypoint precludes any turn until t e 'aypoint is overflo'n and is follo'ed by an intercept

maneuver of t e ne)t flig t segment3

G
-LI#& 1A"0 7ICA(8 A descent profile determined for vertical guidance during a final approac 3 -LI#& SL(1& 7-S8 7+SA8 1rovides vertical guidance for aircraft during approac and landing3 " e glide slope/glidepat is based on t e follo'ingI E3 &lectronic components emitting signals ' ic provide vertical guidance by reference to airborne instruments during instrument approac es suc as ILS/MLSJ or =3 %isual ground aids2 suc as %ASI2 ' ic provide vertical guidance for a %F! approac or for t e visual portion of an instrument approac and landing3 ?3 1A!2 used by A"C to inform an aircraft ma*ing a 1A! approac of its vertical position 7elevation8 relative to t e descent profile3 -LI#& SL(1& / -LI#& 1A"0 IN"&!C&1" AL"I"+#& " e minimum altitude to intercept t e glide slope/pat on a precision approac 3 " e intersection of t e publis ed intercept altitude 'it t e glide slope/pat 2 designated on 9eppesen "erminal c arts by t e start of t e glide slope/pat symbol2 is t e precision FAFJ o'ever2 ' en A"C directs a lo'er altitude2 t e resultant lo'er intercept position is t en t e FAF3 -L(BAL NA%I-A"I(N SA"&LLI"& S6S"&MS 7-NSS8 An NumbrellaO term adopted by t e International Civil Aviation (rgani/ation 7ICA(8 to encompass any independent satellite navigation system used by a pilot to perform onboard position determinations from t e satellite data3 -L(BAL 1(SI"I(NIN- S6S"&M 7-1S8 A space.based radio positioning2 navigation2 and timetransfer system3 " e system provides ig ly accurate position and velocity information2 and precise time2 on a continuous global basis2 to an unlimited number of properly e,uipped users3 " e system is unaffected by 'eat er2 and provides a 'orld'ide common grid reference system3 " e -1S concept is predicated upon accurate and continuous *no'ledge of t e spatial position of eac satellite in t e system 'it respect to time and distance from a transmitting satellite to t e user3 " e -1S receiver automatically selects appropriate signals from t e satellites in vie' and translates t ese into a t ree.dimensional position2 velocity2 and time3 System accuracy for civil users is normally E@@ meters ori/ontally3 -!I# MINIM+M (FF!(+"& AL"I"+#& 7-rid M(!A8 An altitude derived by 9eppesen or provided by State Aut orities3 " e -rid M(!A altitude provides

terrain and man.made structure clearance 'it in t e section outlined by latitude and longitude lines3 M(!A does not provide for NA%AI# signal coverage or communication coverage3 E3 -rid M(!A values derived by 9eppesen clear all terrain and man.made structures by E@@@ feet in areas ' ere t e ig est elevations are L@@@ feet MSL or lo'er3 M(!A values clear all terrain and man.made structures by =@@@ feet in areas ' ere t e ig est elevations are L@@E feet MSL or ig er3 4 en a -rid M(!A is s o'n as N+nsurveyedO it is due to incomplete or insufficient information3 -rid M(!A values follo'ed by a S/ Tdenote doubtful accuracy2 but are believed to provide sufficient reference point clearance3 =3 -rid M(!A 7State8 altitude supplied by t e State Aut ority provides =@@@ feet clearance in mountainous areas and E@@@ feet in non.mountainous areas3 -!(+N# C(MM+NICA"I(NS (+"L&" 7-C(8 7+SA8 An unstaffed2 remotely controlled ground / ground communications facility3 1ilots at uncontrolled airports may contact A"C and FSS via %0F to a telep one connection to obtain an instrument clearance or close a %F! or IF! flig t plan3 " ey may also get an updated 'eat er briefing prior to ta*eoff3 1ilots 'ill use four N*ey clic*sO on t e %0F radio to contact t e appropriate A"C facility2 or si) N*ey clic*sO to contact FSS3 " e -C( system is intended to be used only on t e ground3

H
0&I-0" AB(%& AI!1(!" 70AA8 " e eig t of t e Minimum #escent Altitude 7M#A8 above t e publis ed airport elevation3 " is is publis ed in conQunction 'it circling minimums3 0&I-0" AB(%& "(+C0#(4N 70A"8 " e eig t of t e #ecision 0eig t or Minimum #escent Altitude above t e ig est run'ay elevation in t e touc do'n /one of t e run'ay3 0A" is publis ed on instrument approac c arts in conQunction 'it all straig t.in minimums3 0I-0 F!&:+&NC6 C(MM+NICA"I(NS 0ig radio fre,uencies 70F8 bet'een ? and ?@ M0/ used for air.to.ground voice communication in overseas operations3 0I-0 S1&&# "A5I4A6 / "+!N(FF 70S"8 A long radius ta)i'ay designed and provided 'it lig ting or mar*ing to define t e pat of an aircraft2 traveling at ig speed 7up to F@ *nots82 from t e run'ay center to a point on t e center of a ta)i'ay3 Also referred to as long radius e)it or turnoff ta)i'ay3 " e ig speed ta)i'ay is designed to e)pedite aircraft turning off t e run'ay after landing2 t us reducing run'ay occupancy time3 0(L# / 0(L#IN- 1!(C&#+!&

A predetermined maneuver ' ic *eeps aircraft 'it in a specified airspace ' ile a'aiting furt er clearance from air traffic control3 Also used during ground operations to *eep aircraft 'it in a specified area or at a specified point ' ile a'aiting furt er clearance from air traffic control3

I
ILS CA"&-(!I&S 7ICA(8 E3 ILS Category I An ILS approac procedure ' ic provides for an approac to a decision eig t not lo'er t an =@@ feet 7F@m8 and a visibility not less t an =>@@ feet 7K@@m8 or a run'ay visual range not less t an EK@@ feet 7LL@m83 =3 ILS Category II 7Special aut ori/ation re,uired8 R An ILS approac procedure ' ic provides for an approac to a decision eig t lo'er t an =@@ feet 7F@m8 but not lo'er t an E@@ feet 7?@m8 and a run'ay visual range not less t an E=@@ feet 7?L@m83 ?3 ILS Category III 7Special aut ori/ation re,uired8 a3 IIIAAn ILS approac procedure ' ic provides for approac 'it eit er a decision eig t lo'er t an E@@ feet 7?@m8 or 'it no decision eig t and 'it a run'ay visual range of not less t an M@@ feet 7=@@m83 b3 IIIBAn ILS approac procedure ' ic provides for approac 'it eit er a decision eig t lo'er t an L@ feet 7ELm8 or 'it no decision eig t and 'it a run'ay visual range of less t an M@@ feet 7=@@m8 but not less t an EL@ feet 7L@m83 c3 IIIC An ILS approac procedure ' ic provides for approac 'it no decision eig t and no run'ay visual range limitations3 >3 Some areas re,uire special aut ori/ation for ILS Category I approac es3 In t ese areas2 an additional category of approac called ILS is available 'it out special aut ori/ation3 " ese ILS approac es ave minimums ig er t an a decision eig t of =@@ feet and a run'ay visual range value of =F@@ feet3 9eppesen approac c arts2 at t ese locations2 'ill ave a notation in t e c art eading or in t e minimum bo) titles3 ILS CA"&-(!I&S 7+SA8 E3 ILS Category I R An ILS approac procedure ' ic provides for approac to a eig t above touc do'n of not less t an =@@ feet and 'it run'ay visual range of not less t an EK@@ feet3 =3 ILS Category II R An ILS approac procedure ' ic provides for approac to a eig t above touc do'n of not less t an E@@ feet and 'it run'ay visual range of not less t an E=@@ feet3 ?3 ILS Category III R a3 IIIA R An ILS approac procedure ' ic provides for approac 'it out a decision eig t minimum and 'it run'ay visual range of not less t an M@@ feet3 b3 IIIB R An ILS approac procedure ' ic provides for approac 'it out a decision eig t minimum and 'it run'ay visual range of not less t an EL@ feet3 c3 IIIC R An ILS approac procedure ' ic provides for approac 'it out a decision eig t minimum and 'it out run'ay visual range minimum3

INS"!+M&N" #&1A!"+!& 1!(C&#+!& 7#18 7+SA8 A preplanned instrument flig t rule 7IF!8 air traffic control departure procedure printed for pilot use in grap ic and/or te)tual form3 #1s provide transition from t e terminal to t e appropriate enroute structure3 IN"&!NA"I(NAL AI!1(!" 7ICA(8 Any airport designated by t e Contracting State in ' ose territory it is situated as an airport of entry and departure for international air traffic2 ' ere t e formalities incident to customs2 immigration2 public ealt 2 animal and plant ,uarantine and similar procedures are carried out3 IN"&!NA"I(NAL AI!1(!" 7+SA8 !elating to international flig t2 it meansI E3 An airport of entry ' ic as been designated by t e Secretary of "reasury or Commissioner of Customs as an international airport for customs service3 =3 A landing rig ts airport at ' ic specific permission to land must be obtained from customs aut orities in advance of contemplated use3 ?3 Airports designated under t e Convention on International Civil Aviation as an airport for use by international air transport and/or international general aviation3 IN"&!NA"I(NAL CI%IL A%IA"I(N (!-ANI$A"I(N 7ICA(8 A speciali/ed agency of t e +nited Nations ' ose obQective is to develop t e principles and tec ni,ues of international air navigation and to foster planning and development of international civil air transport3

J
N( &N"!I&S

K
N( &N"!I&S

L
LAN# AN# 0(L# S0(!" (1&!A"I(NS (perations ' ic include simultaneous ta*eoffs and landings and/or simultaneous landings ' en a landing aircraft is able and is instructed by t e controller to old s ort of t e intersecting run'ay / ta)i'ay or designated old s ort point3 1ilots are e)pected to promptly inform t e controller if t e old s ort clearance cannot be accepted3

LAN#IN- #IS"ANC& A%AILABL& 7L#A8 7ICA(8 " e lengt of run'ay ' ic is declared available and suitable for t e ground run of an airplane landing3 L(CAL AI!1(!" A#%IS(!6 7LAA8 A service provided by flig t service stations or t e military at airports not serviced by an operating control to'er3 " is service consists of providing information to arriving and departing aircraft concerning 'ind direction and speed2 favored run'ay2 altimeter setting2 pertinent *no'n traffic2 pertinent *no'n field conditions2 airport ta)i routes and traffic patterns2 and aut ori/ed instrument approac procedures3 " is information is advisory in nature and does not constitute an A"C clearance3 L(4 AL"I"+#& AI!4A6 S"!+C"+!& / F&#&!AL AI!4A6S 7+SA8 " e net'or* of air'ays serving aircraft operations up to but not including EK2@@@ feet MSL3 L(4 F!&:+&NC6 7LF8 " e fre,uency band bet'een ?@ and ?@@ *0/3

M
MA-N&"IC %A!IA"I(N " e orientation of a ori/ontal magnetic compass 'it respect to true nort 3 Because t ere is a continuous small c ange of direction of lines of magnetic force over t e surface of t e eart 2 magnetic variation at most locations is not constant over long periods of time3 MAN#A"(!6 AL"I"+#& An altitude depicted on an instrument approac procedure c art re,uiring t e aircraft to maintain altitude at t e depicted value3 MAN#A"(!6 F!&:+&NC6 7MF8 A fre,uency designated at selected airports t at are uncontrolled during certain ours only3 Aircraft operating 'it in t e designated MF Area2 normally L NM radius of t e airport2 must be e,uipped 'it a functioning radio capable of maintaining t'o.'ay communications3 9eppesen c arts list t e MF fre,uency and t e area ' en ot er t an t e standard L NM3 MA5IM+M A+"0(!I$&# AL"I"+#& 7MAA8 A publis ed altitude representing t e ma)imum usable altitude or flig t level for an airspace structure or route segment3 M&#I+M F!&:+&NC6 7MF8

" e fre,uencies bet'een ?@@*0/ and ? M0$3 MINIM+M C!(SSIN- AL"I"+#& 7MCA8 " e lo'est altitude at certain fi)es at ' ic an aircraft must cross ' en proceeding in t e direction of a ig er minimum en route IF! altitude 7M&A83 MINIM+M #&SC&N" AL"I"+#&/0&I-0" 7M#A/08 7ICA(8 A specified altitude or eig t in a nonprecision approac or circling approac belo' ' ic descent may not be made 'it out visual reference3 MINIM+M #&SC&N" AL"I"+#& 7M#A8 7+SA8 " e lo'est altitude2 e)pressed in feet above mean sea level2 to ' ic descent is aut ori/ed on final approac or during circle.to.land maneuvering in e)ecution of a standard instrument approac procedure ' ere no electronic glide slope is provided3 MINIM+M &N!(+"& IF! AL"I"+#& 7M&A8 " e lo'est publis ed altitude bet'een radio fi)es t at meets obstacle clearance re,uirements bet'een t ose fi)es and in many countries assures acceptable navigational signal coverage3 " e M&A applies to t e entire 'idt of t e air'ay2 segment2 or route bet'een t e radio fi)es defining t e air'ay2 segment2 or route3 MINIM+M IF! AL"I"+#&S Minimum altitudes for IF! operations are publis ed on aeronautical c arts for air'ays2 routes2 and for standard instrument approac procedures3 4it in t e +SA2 if no applicable minimum altitude is prescribed t e follo'ing minimum IF! altitudes apply3 E3 In designated mountainous areas2 =@@@ feet above t e ig est obstacle 'it in a ori/ontal distance of > nautical miles from t e course to be flo'nJ or =3 (t er t an mountainous areas2 E@@@ feet above t e ig est obstacle 'it in a ori/ontal distance of > nautical miles from t e course to be flo'nJ or ?3 As ot er'ise aut ori/ed by t e Administrator or assigned by A"C3 MINIM+M (BS"!+C"I(N CL&A!ANC& AL"I"+#& 7M(CA8 " e lo'est publis ed altitude in effect bet'een radio fi)es on %(! air'ays2 off air'ay routes2 or route segments ' ic meets obstacle clearance re,uirements for t e entire route segment and in t e +SA assures acceptable navigational signal coverage only 'it in == nautical miles of a %(!3 MINIM+M (FF.!(+"& AL"I"+#& 7M(!A8 " is is an altitude derived by 9eppesen3 " e M(!A provides *no'n obstruction clearance E@NM

eit er side of t e route centerline including a E@NM radius beyond t e radio fi) reporting or mileage brea* defining t e route segment3 For terrain and manmade structure clearance refer to -rid M(!A3 MINIM+M !&C&1"I(N AL"I"+#& 7M!A8 " e lo'est altitude at ' ic an intersection can be determined3 MINIM+M SAF& AL"I"+#& 7MSA8 Altitude depicted on an instrument approac c art and identified as t e minimum safe altitude ' ic provides a E@@@ ft obstacle clearance 'it in a =L NM radius from t e navigational facility upon ' ic t e MSA is predicated3 If t e radius limit is ot er t an =L NM2 it is stated3 " is altitude is for &M&!-&NC6 +S& (NL6 and does not necessarily guarantee NA%AI# reception3 4 en t e MSA is divided into sectors2 'it eac sector a different altitude2 t e altitudes in t ese sectors are referred to as Nminimum sector altitudesO3 MINIM+M %&C"(!IN- AL"I"+#& 7M%A8 " e lo'est MSL altitude at ' ic an IF! aircraft 'ill be vectored by a radar controller2 e)cept as ot er'ise aut ori/ed for radar approac es2 departures and missed approac es3 " e altitude meets IF! obstacle clearance criteria3 It may be lo'er t an t e publis ed M&A along an air'ay of 9.route segment3 It may be utili/ed for radar vectoring only upon t e controllerUs determination t at an ade,uate radar return is being received from t e aircraft being controlled3 C arts depicting minimum vectoring altitudes are normally available only to t e controllers2 not to pilots3 MISS&# A11!(AC0 E3 A maneuver conducted by a pilot ' en an instrument approac cannot be completed to a landing3 " e route of flig t and altitude are s o'n on instrument approac procedure c arts3 A pilot e)ecuting a missed approac prior to t e Missed Approac 1oint 7MA18 must continue along t e final approac to t e MA13 " e pilot may climb immediately to t e altitude specified in t e missed approac procedure3 =3 A term used by t e pilot to inform A"C t at e/s e is e)ecuting t e missed approac 3 ?3 At locations ' ere A"C radar service is provided t e pilot s ould conform to radar vectors2 ' en provided by A"C2 in lieu of t e publis ed missed approac procedure3 MISS&# A11!(AC0 1(IN" 7MA18 7ICA(8 " at point in an instrument approac procedure at or before ' ic t e prescribed missed approac procedure must be initiated in order to ensure t at t e minimum obstacle clearance is not infringed3 MISS&# A11!(AC0 1(IN" 7MA18 7+SA8 A point prescribed in eac instrument approac procedure at ' ic a missed approac procedure s all be e)ecuted if t e re,uired visual reference does not e)ist3

M(+N"AIN(+S A!&A 7ICA(8 An area of c anging terrain profile ' ere t e c anges of terrain elevation e)ceed ?@@@ feet 7C@@m8 'it in a distance of E@NM3

N
N(N.1!&CISI(N A11!(AC0 1!(C&#+!& A standard instrument approac procedure in ' ic no electronic glideslope is providedJ e3g32 %(!2 "ACAN2 N#B2 L(C2 AS!2 L#A2 or S#F approac es3 N( 1!(C&#+!& "+!N 7No1"8 No procedure turn is re,uired nor aut ori/ed3

O
OBSTACLE An e)isting obQect2 obQect of natural gro't 2 or terrain at a fi)ed geograp ical location or ' ic may be e)pected at a fi)ed location 'it in a prescribed area 'it reference to ' ic vertical clearance is or must be provided during flig t operations3 (BS"ACL& CL&A!ANC& AL"I"+#& 70&I-0"8 (CA708 7ICA(8 " e lo'est altitude 7(CA82 or alternatively t e lo'est eig t above t e elevation of t e relevant run'ay t res old or above t e aerodrome elevation as applicable 7(C082 used in establis ing compliance 'it t e appropriate obstacle clearance criteria3 (BS"!+C"I(N CL&A!ANC& LIMI" 7(CL8 " e eig t above aerodrome elevation belo' ' ic t e minimum prescribed vertical clearance cannot be maintained eit er on approac or in t e event of a missed approac 3

P
1IL(" C(N"!(LL&# LI-0"IN- 71CL8 7+SA8 7For ot er states see Air "raffic Control !ules and 1rocedures38 !adio control of lig ting is available at selected airports to provide airborne control of lig ts by *eying t e aircraftUs microp one3 " e control system consists of a ?.step control responsive to M2 L2 and/or ? microp one clic*s3 " e ?.step and =.step lig ting facilities can be altered in intensity3 All lig ting is illuminated for a period of EL minutes 7e)cept for E.step and =.step !&ILs ' ic may be turned off by *eying t e mi*e L or ? times2 respectively83 Suggested use is to al'ays initially *ey t e mi*e M timesJ t is assures t at all controlled lig ts are turned on to t e ma)imum available intensity3 If desired2 adQustment can t en be made2 ' ere t e capability is provided2 to a lo'er intensity 7or t e !&IL turned

off8 by *eying t e mi*e L and/or t ree times3 Approved lig ting systems may be activated by *eying t e mi*e as indicated belo'I #ue to t e close pro)imity of airports using t e same fre,uency2 radio controlled lig ting receivers may be set at a lo' sensitivity re,uiring t e aircraft to be relatively close to activate t e system3 Conse,uently2 even ' en lig ts are on2 al'ays *ey mi*e as directed ' en overflying an airport of intended landing or Qust prior to entering t e final segment of an approac 3 " is 'ill assure t e aircraft is close enoug to activate t e system and a full EL minutes lig ting duration is available3 1!&CISI(N A11!(AC0 1!(C&#+!& A standard instrument approac procedure in ' ic an electronic glideslope/glidepat is providedJ e3g32 ILS2 MLS2 1A!3 1!&.#&1A!"+!& CL&A!ANC& 71#C8 An automated Clearance #elivery system relaying A"C departure clearances from t e FAA to t e user net'or* computer for subse,uent delivery to t e coc*pit via ACA!S 7Airline/Aviation %0F data lin*8 ' ere aircraft are appropriately e,uipped2 or to gate printers for pilot pic*up3 1!(C&#+!& AL"I"+#&S Are recommended altitudes developed in coordination 'it Air "raffic Control re,uirements to accommodate a stabili/ed descent profile on a prescribed descent angle on t e final approac course and sometimes also in t e intermediate approac segment3 1rocedure altitudes are never less t an segment minimum safe altitudes3 1!(C&#+!& "+!N 71"8 7ICA(8 A maneuver in ' ic a turn is made a'ay from a designated trac* follo'ed by a turn in t e opposite direction to permit t e aircraft to intercept and proceed along t e reciprocal of t e designated trac*3 N("&SI E3 1rocedure turns are designated NleftO or Nrig tO according to t e direction of t e initial turn3 =3 1rocedure turns may be designated as being made eit er in level flig t or ' ile descending2 according to t e circumstances of eac individual approac procedure3 1!(C&#+!& "+!N 71"8 7+SA8 " e maneuver prescribed ' en it is necessary to reverse direction to establis an aircraft on t e intermediate approac segment or final approac course3 " e outbound course2 direction of turn2 distance 'it in ' ic t e turn must be completed2 and minimum altitude are specified in t e procedure3 0o'ever2 unless ot er'ise restricted2 t e point at ' ic t e turn may be commenced and t e type and rate of turn are at t e discretion of t e pilot3

1!(C&#+!& "+!N INB(+N# " at point of a procedure turn maneuver ' ere course reversal as been completed and an aircraft is establis ed inbound on t e intermediate approac segment or final approac course3 A report of Nprocedure turn inboundO is normally used by A"C as a position report for separation purposes3

Q
:F& 0eig t above airport elevation 7or run'ay t res old elevation8 based on local station pressure3 :N& Altimeter setting =C3C= inc es of mercury2 E@E?3= ectopascals or E@E?3= millibars3 :N0 Altitude above mean sea level based on local station pressure3

R
!AC&"!ACB 1!(C&#+!& 7ICA(8 A procedure designed to enable t e aircraft to reduce altitude during t e initial approac segment and/or establis t e aircraft inbound ' en t e entry into a reversal procedure is not practical3 !A#A! 4&A"0&! &C0( IN"&NSI"6 L&%&LS &)isting radar systems cannot detect turbulence3 0o'ever2 t ere is a direct correlation bet'een t e degree of turbulence and ot er 'eat er features associated 'it t understorms and t e radar 'eat er ec o intensity3 " e National 4eat er Service as categori/ed radar 'eat er ec o intensity for precipitation into si) levels3 " ese levels are sometimes e)pressed during communications as N%I1 L&%&LO E t roug F 7derived from t e component of t e radar t at produces t e information R %ideo Integrator and 1rocessor83 " e follo'ing list gives t e N%I1 L&%&LSO in relation to t e precipitation intensity 'it in a t understormI Level E3 4&AB Level =3 M(#&!A"& Level ?3 S"!(NLevel >3 %&!6 S"!(NLevel L3 IN"&NS& Level F3 &5"!&M& !A#I( AL"IM&"&! / !A#A! AL"IM&"&!

Aircraft e,uipment ' ic ma*es use of t e reflection of radio 'aves from t e ground to determine t e eig t of t e aircraft above t e surface3 !A1I# &5I" "A5I4A6 7ICA(8 A ta)i'ay connected to a run'ay at an acute angle and designed to allo' landing airplanes to turn off at ig er speeds t an are ac ieved on ot er e)it ta)i'ays t ereby minimi/ing run'ay occupancy times3 !NA% A11!(AC0 An instrument approac procedure ' ic relies on aircraft area navigation e,uipment for navigation guidance3 !(+"& MINIM+M (FF!(+"& AL"I"+#& 7!oute M(!A8 " is is an altitude derived by 9eppesen3 " e !oute M(!A altitude provides reference point clearance 'it in E@ NM of t e route centerline 7regardless of t e route 'idt 8 and end fi)es3 !oute M(!A values clear all reference points by E@@@ feet in areas ' ere t e ig est reference points are L@@@ feet MSL or lo'er3 !oute M(!A values clear all reference points by =@@@ feet in areas ' ere t e ig est reference points are L@@E feet MSL or ig er3 4 en a !oute M(!A is s o'n along a route as Nun*no'nO it is due to incomplete or insufficient information3 !+N4A6 &#-& LI-0"S 7ICA(8 Are provided for a run'ay intended for use at nig t or for a precision approac run'ay intended for use by day or nig t3 !un'ay edge lig ts s all be fi)ed lig ts s o'ing variable ' ite2 e)cept t atI E3 in t e case of a displaced t res old2 t e lig ts bet'een t e beginning of t e run'ay and t e displaced t res old s all s o' red in t e approac directionJ and =3 a section of t e lig ts F@@m or one.t ird of t e run'ay lengt 2 ' ic ever is t e less2 at t e remote end of t e run'ay from t e end at ' ic t e ta*eoff run is started2 may s o' yello'3 !+N4A6 &#-& LI-0"S 7+SA8 Lig ts used to outline t e edges of run'ays during periods of dar*ness or restricted visibility conditions3 " e lig t systems are classified according to t e intensity or brig tness t ey are capable of producingI t ey are t e 0ig Intensity !un'ay Lig ts 70I!L82 Medium Intensity !un'ay Lig ts 7MI!L82 and t e Lo' Intensity !un'ay Lig ts 7!L83 " e 0I!L and MI!L systems ave variable intensity controls2 ' ere t e !Ls normally ave one intensity setting3 E3 " e run'ay edge lig ts are ' ite2 e)cept on instrument run'ays amber replaces ' ite on t e last =2@@@ feet or alf of t e run'ay lengt 2 ' ic ever is less2 to form a caution /one for landings3 =3 " e lig ts mar*ing t e ends of t e run'ay emit red lig t to'ard t e run'ay to indicate t e end of run'ay to a departing aircraft and emit green out'ard from t e run'ay end to indicate t e t res old to landing aircraft3

!+N4A6 MA!BIN-S E3 Basic mar*ing Mar*ings on run'ays used for operations under visual flig t rules consisting of centerline mar*ings and run'ay direction numbers and2 if re,uired2 letters3 =3 Instrument mar*ing Mar*ings on run'ays served by nonvisual navigation aids and intended for landings under instrument 'eat er conditions2 consisting of basic mar*ing plus t res old mar*ings3 ?3 All.'eat er 7precision instrument8 mar*ing Mar*ing on run'ays served by nonvisual precision approac aids and on run'ays aving special operational re,uirements2 consisting of instrument mar*ings plus landing /one mar*ings and side strips3

S
S&-M&N"S (F AN INS"!+M&N" A11!(AC0 1!(C&#+!& An instrument approac procedure may ave as many as four separate segments depending on o' t e approac procedure is structured3 ICA( E3 Initial Approac " at segment of an instrument approac procedure bet'een t e initial approac fi) and t e intermediate approac fi) or2 ' ere applicable2 t e final approac fi) or point3 =3 Intermediate Approac " at segment of an instrument approac procedure bet'een eit er t e intermediate approac fi) and t e final approac fi) or point2 or bet'een t e end of a reversal2 race trac* or dead rec*oning trac* procedure and t e final approac fi) or point2 as appropriate3 ?3 Final Approac " at segment of an instrument approac procedure in ' ic alignment and descent for landing are accomplis ed3 >3 Missed Approac 1rocedure " e procedure to be follo'ed if t e approac cannot be continued3 +SA E3 Initial Approac " e segment bet'een t e initial approac fi) and t e intermediate fi) or t e point ' ere t e aircraft is establis ed on t e intermediate course or final course3 =3 Intermediate Approac " e segment bet'een t e intermediate fi) or point and t e final approac fi)3 ?3 Final Approac " e segment bet'een t e final approac fi) or point and t e run'ay2 airport or missed approac point3 >3 Missed Approac " e segment bet'een t e missed approac point2 or point of arrival at decision eig t2 and t e missed approac fi) at t e prescribed altitude3 S&L&C"I%& CALL S6S"&M 7S&LCAL8 A system ' ic permits t e selective calling of individual aircraft over radiotelep one c annels lin*ing a ground station 'it t e aircraft3

SI#&S"&1 MAN&+%&! A visual maneuver accomplis ed by a pilot at t e completion of an instrument approac to permit a straig t.in landing on a parallel run'ay not more t an E=@@ feet to eit er side of t e run'ay to ' ic t e instrument approac 'as conducted3 S1&CIAL +S& AI!S1AC& Airspace of defined dimensions identified by an area on t e surface of t e eart ' erein activities must be confined because of t eir nature and/or ' erein limitations may be imposed upon aircraft operations t at are not a part of t ose activities3 "ypes of special use airspace areI E3 Alert Area 7+SA8 Airspace ' ic may contain a ig volume of pilot training activities or an unusual type of aerial activity2 neit er of ' ic is a/ardous to aircraft3 Alert Areas are depicted on aeronautical c arts for t e information of nonparticipating pilots3 All activities 'it in an Alert Area are conducted in accordance 'it Federal Aviation !egulations2 and pilots of participating aircraft as 'ell as pilots transiting t e area are e,ually responsible for collision avoidance3 =3 Controlled Firing Area 7+SA8 Airspace ' erein activities are conducted under conditions so controlled as to eliminate a/ards to nonparticipating aircraft and to ensure t e safety of persons and property on t e ground3 ?3 Military (perations Area 7M(A8 7+SA8 A M(A is airspace establis ed outside of a Class A airspace area to separate or segregate certain non a/ardous military activities from IF! traffic and to identify for %F! traffic ' ere t ese activities are conducted3 >3 1ro ibited Area Airspace designated under FA! 1art M? 'it in ' ic no person may operate an aircraft 'it out t e permission of t e using agency3 L3 !estricted Area 7+SA8 Airspace designated under 1art M?2 'it in ' ic t e flig t of aircraft2 ' ile not ' olly pro ibited2 is subQect to restriction3 Most restricted areas are designated Qoint use and IF!/%F! operations in t e area may be aut ori/ed by t e controlling A"C facility ' en it is not being utili/ed by t e using agency3 !estricted areas are depicted on enroute c arts3 4 ere Qoint use is aut ori/ed2 t e name of t e A"C controlling facility is also s o'n3 F3 !estricted Area 7ICA(8 An airspace of defined dimensions2 above t e land areas or territorial 'aters of a state2 'it in ' ic t e flig t of aircraftis restricted in accordance 'it certain specified coordinates3 M3 4arning Area A 'arning area is airspace of defined dimensions from ? nautical miles out'ard from t e coast of t e +nited States2 t at contains activity t at may be a/ardous to nonparticipating aircraft3 " e purpose of suc 'arning areas is to 'arn nonparticipating pilots of t e potential danger3 A 'arning area may be located over domestic or international 'aters or bot 3 S"AN#A!# INS"!+M&N" A!!I%AL 7S"A!8 7ICA(8 A designated instrument flig t rule 7IF!8 arrival route lin*ing a significant point2 normally on an A"S route2 'it a point from ' ic a publis ed instrument approac procedure can be commenced3 S"AN#A!# INS"!+M&N" #&1A!"+!& 7SI#8 7ICA(8

A designated instrument flig t rule 7IF!8 departure route lin*ing t e aerodrome or a specified run'ay of t e aerodrome 'it a specified point2 normally on a designated A"S route2 at ' ic t e en route p ase of a flig t commences3 S"AN#A!# INS"!+M&N" #&1A!"+!& 7SI#8 7+SA8 A preplanned instrument flig t rule 7IF!8 air traffic control departure procedure printed for pilot use in grap ic and/or te)tual form3 SI#s provide transition from t e terminal to t e appropriate en route structure3 S"AN#A!# "&!MINAL A!!I%AL !(+"& 7S"A!8 7+SA8 A preplanned instrument flig t rule 7IF!8 air traffic control arrival procedure publis ed for pilot use in grap ic and/or te)tual form3 S"A!s provide transition from t e en route structure to an outer fi) or an instrument approac fi)/arrival 'aypoint in t e terminal area3 S"A"I(N #&CLINA"I(N " e orientation 'it respect to true nort of %0F transmitted signals3 " e orientation is originally made to agree 'it t e magnetic variation 7an uncontrollable global p enomenon8 at t e site3 0ence station declination 7fi)ed by man8 may differ from c anged magnetic variation until t e station is reoriented3 S+BS"I"+"& !(+"& A route assigned to pilots ' en any part of an air'ay or route is unusable because of NA%AI# status3 S+NS&" AN# S+N!IS& " e mean solar times of sunset and sunrise as publis ed in t e Nautical Almanac2 converted to local standard time for t e locality concerned3 4it in Alas*a2 t e end of evening civil t'ilig t and t e beginning of morning civil t'ilig t2 as defined for eac locality3 S+!FAC& M(%&M&N" -+I#ANC& AN# C(N"!(L S6S"&M7SM-CS8 7+SA8 1rovisions for guidance and control or regulation for facilities2 information2 and advice necessary for pilots of aircraft and drivers of ground ve icles to find t eir 'ay on t e airport during lo' visibility operations and to *eep t e aircraft or ve icles on t e surfaces or 'it in t e areas intended for t eir use3 Lo' visibility operations for t is system means reported conditions of !%! E=@@ or less3 S+!%&ILLANC& A11!(AC0 7AS!8 An instrument approac ' erein t e air traffic controller issues instructions2 for pilot compliance2 based on aircraft position in relation to t e final approac course 7a/imut 82 and t e distance 7range8 from t e end of t e run'ay as displayed on t e controllerUs radar scope3 " e controller 'ill provide recommended ltitudes on final approac if re,uested by t e pilot3

T
"AB&.(FF #IS"ANC& A%AILABL& 7"(#A8 7ICA(8 " e lengt of t e ta*eoff run available plus t e lengt of t e clear'ay2 if provided3 "AB&.(FF !+N A%AILABL& 7"(!A8 7ICA(8 " e lengt of run'ay declared available and suitable for t e ground run of an airplane ta*ing off3 "&!MINAL C(N"!(L A!&A 7ICA(8 A control area normally establis ed at t e confluence of A"S routes in t e vicinity of one or more maQor aerodromes3 "&!MINAL %F! !A#A! S&!%IC& 7+SA8 A national program instituted to e)tend t e terminal radar services provided instrument flig t rules 7IF!8 aircraft to visual flig t rules 7%F!8 aircraft3 " e program is divided into four types of service referred to as basic radar service2 terminal radar service area 7"!SA8 service2 Class B service and Class C service3 E3 Basic !adar Service " ese services are provided for %F! aircraft by all commissioned terminal radar facilities3 Basic radar service includes safety alerts2 traffic advisories2 limited radar vectoring ' en re,uested by t e pilot2 and se,uencing at locations ' ere procedures ave been establis ed for t is purpose and/or ' en covered by a letter of agreement3 " e purpose of t is service is to adQust t e flo' of arriving IF! and %F! aircraft into t e traffic pattern in a safe and orderly manner and to provide traffic advisories to departing %F! aircraft3 =3 "!SA Service " is service provides2 in addition to basic radar service2 se,uencing of all IF! and participating %F! aircraft to t e primary airport and separation bet'een all participating %F! aircraft3 " e purpose of t is service is to provide separation bet'een all participating %F! aircraft and all IF! aircraft operating 'it in t e area defined as a "!SA3 ?3 Class B Service " is service provides2 in addition to basic radar service2 approved separation of aircraft based on IF!2 %F!2 and/or 'eig t2 and se,uencing of %F! arrivals to t e primary airport7s83 >3 Class C Service " is service provides2 in addition to basic radar service2 approved separation et'een IF! and %F! aircraft2 and se,uencing f %F! aircraft2 and se,uencing of %F! arrivals to t e primary airport3 "&!MINAL !A#A! S&!%IC& A!&A 7"!SA8 7+SA8 Airspace surrounding designated airports ' erein A"C provides radar vectoring2 se,uencing and separation on a full.time basis for all IF! and participating %F! aircraft3 Service provided in a "!SA is called Stage III Service3 1ilotsU participation is urged but is not mandatory3

"0!&S0(L# " e beginning of t at portion of t e run'ay usable for landing3 "0!&S0(L# C!(SSIN- 0&I-0" " e t eoretical eig t above t e run'ay t res old at ' ic t e aircraftHs glideslope antenna 'ould be if t e aircraft maintains t e traQectory establis ed by t e mean ILS glideslope or MLS glidepat 3 "(+C0#(4N $(N& &L&%A"I(N 7"#$&8 " e ig est elevation in t e first ?2@@@ feet of t e landing surface3 "!ANSI"I(N AL"I"+#& 7:N08 " e altitude in t e vicinity of an airport at or belo' ' ic t e vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes 7MSL83 "!ANSI"I(N 0&I-0" 7:F&8 " e eig t in t e vicinity of an airport at or belo' ' ic t e vertical position of an aircraft is e)pressed in eig t above t e airport reference datum3 "!ANSI"I(N LA6&! " e airspace bet'een t e transition altitude and t e transition level3 Aircraft descending t roug t e transition layer 'ill use altimeters set to local station pressure2 ' ile departing aircraft climbing t roug t e layer 'ill be using standard altimeter setting 7:N&8 of =C3C= inc es of Mercury2 E@E?3= millibars2 or E@E?3= ectopascals3 "!ANSI"I(N L&%&L 7:N&8 " e lo'est flig t level available for use above t e transition altitude3 "+!N AN"ICI1A"I(N "urning maneuver initiated prior to reac ing t e actual airspace fi) or turn point t at is intended to *eep t e aircraft 'it in establis ed air'ay or route boundaries3

U
N( &N"!I&S

%&!"ICAL NA%I-A"I(N 7%NA%8 That function of RNAV equipment which provides guidance in the vertical plane. %&!"ICAL 1A"0 AN-L& 7%1A8 7+SA8 " e descent angle shown on some non-precision approaches describing the geometric descent path from the Final approach fix FAF!" or on occasion from an intervening stepdown fix" to the Threshold #rossing $eight T#$!. This angle ma% or ma% not coincide with the angle pro&ected b% a Visual 'lide (lope )ndicator VA()" *A*)" *+A()" etc.! %ISIBILI"6 7ICA(8 " e ability2 as determined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of distance" to see and identif% prominent unlighted ob&ects b% da% and prominent lighted ob&ects b% night. ,. Flight Visibilit% - The visibilit% forward from the coc.pit of an aircraft in flight. /. 'round Visibilit% - The visibilit% at an aerodrome as reported b% an accredited observer. 0. Runwa% Visual Range RVR! - The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a runwa% can see the runwa% surface mar.ings or the lights delineating the runwa% or identif%ing its centre line. %ISIBILI"6 7+SA8 " e ability2 as determined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of distance" to see and identif% prominent unlighted ob&ects b% da% and prominent lighted ob&ects b% night. Visibilit% is reported as statute or nautical miles" hundreds of feet or meters. ,. Flight Visibilit% - The average forward hori1ontal distance" from the coc.pit of an aircraft in flight" at which prominent unlighted ob&ects ma% be seen and identified b% da% and prominent lighted ob&ects ma% be seen and identified b% night. /. 'round Visibilit% - *revailing hori1ontal visibilit% near the earth2s surface as reported b% the 3nited (tates National 4eather (ervice or an accredited observer. 0. *revailing Visibilit% - The greatest hori1ontal visibilit% equaled or exceeded throughout at least half the hori1on circle which need not necessaril% be continuous. 5. Runwa% Visibilit% Value RVV! - The visibilit% determined for a particular runwa% b% a transmissometer. A meter provides a continuous indication of the visibilit% reported in miles or fractions of miles! for the runwa%. RVV is used in lieu of prevailing visibilit% in determining minimums or a particular runwa%. 6. Runwa% Visual Range RVR! - An instrumentall% derived value" based on standard calibrations" that represents the hori1ontal distance a pilot will see down the runwa% from the approach end7 it is based on the sighting of either high intensit% runwa% lights or on the visual contrast of other targets whichever %ields the greater visual range. RVR" in contrast to prevailing or runwa% visibilit%" is based on what a pilot in a moving

aircraft should see loo.ing down the runwa%. RVR is hori1ontal visual range" not slant visual range. )t is based on the measurement of a transmissometer made near the touchdown point of the instrument runwa% and is reported in hundreds of feet. RVR is used in lieu of RVV and8or prevailing visibilit% in determining minimums for a particular runwa%. a. Touchdown RVR - The RVR visibilit% readout values obtained from RVR equipment serving the runwa% touchdown 1one. b. 9id-RVR - The RVR readout values obtained from RVR equipment located midfield of the runwa%. c. Rollout RVR - The RVR readout values obtained from RVR equipment located nearest the rollout end of the runwa%. %IS+AL A11!(AC0 7ICA(8 An approac by an IF! flig t ' en eit er part or all of an instrument approac procedure is not completed and t e approac is e)ecuted in visual reference to terrain3 %IS+AL A11!(AC0 7+SA8 An approach conducted on an instrument flight rules )FR! flight plan which authori1es the pilot to proceed visuall% and clear of clouds to the airport. The pilot must" at all times" have either the airport or the preceding aircraft in sight. This approach must be authori1ed and under the control of the appropriate air traffic control facilit%. Reported weather at the airport must be ceiling at or above ,"::: feet and visibilit% of 0 miles or greater. %IS+AL #&SC&N" 1(IN" 7%#18 A defined point on the final approach course of a non-precision straight-in approach procedure from which normal descent from the 9;A to the runwa% touchdown point ma% be commenced" provided the approach threshold of that runwa%" or approach lights" or other mar.ings identifiable with the approach end of that runwa% are clearl% visible to the pilot. %(LM&" B!(A#CAS" !outine broadcast of meteorological information for aircraft in flig t3

!
4A61(IN" A specified geograp ical location used to define an area navigation route or t e flig t pat of an aircraft employing area navigation3

E.,'anation&o/&Feat+res
" e follo'ing paragrap s provide more detailed information on t e approac c art format3 Selected paragrap s are *eyed to round2 numbered ballflags2 as depicted on t e (vervie' of Features2 and sample c arts for bot #enver and #ubai3 For e)ample2 ballflag E2 2 means City/Location and State/ Country names3 4 erever a ballflag is s o'n2 you can refer to your c oice of eit er #enver or #ubai pages if you desire3

HEADING
Arrangement of information on t e c art concerns o' pilots revie' and use t e c art data3 For e)ample2 t e upper rig t corner is accessed first by most pilots3 " e flo' is t en rig t to left as pilots first select t e c art from t e binder by using t e location name3 " e main feature of t e briefing strip arrangement is to place basic information in a common location for more convenient use during t e pre.approac briefing3 0o'ever2 it is important to mention t at pilots s ould al'ays revie' t e entire c art for complete information3

HEADING&INFORMATION
Cit(-Lo0ation&an1&State-Co+ntr(&na2es3 " e location name 7city2 state2 country8 is prominently depicted in t e upper rig t corner in t e usual location3 Pro0e1+re&i1enti/ier3 " e location name and t e procedure identifier are grouped toget er in t e upper rig t corner of t e c art to elp ,uic*ly identify and retrieve t e approac to be briefed and flo'n3 Je,,esen&NavData-ICAO&air,ort&i1enti/ier3 Ne)t2 to verify t e selected c art is correct and current2 pilots move to t e left to revie' t e grouping of t e 9eppesen Nav#ata/ICA( identifier2 t e airport name2 c art inde) number2 and date3 " e arrangement of eading information is designed to *eep it visible even ' en t e c art is clipped to t e control column3 " e Nav#ata/ICA( airport identifier is enlarged for easy recognition3 Air,ort&na2e3 " e 9eppesen Nav#ata/ICA( airport identifier and t e airport name are located toget er in t e upper left corner2 directly across from t e associated location name and procedure identifier3 In1e.&n+2ber3&revision&an1&e//e0tive&1ates3 " e c art inde) number2 as 'ell as t e revision and effective dates are positioned on t e left side of t e eading ne)t to t e airport identifier3 At a location2 c arts are grouped 7inde)ed8 by similar procedure type 7ILS2 %(!2 N#B2 etc383 4it in a group of procedures2 c arts are se,uenced according to run'ay number2 lo'est to ig est 7&)ampleI %(! !'y EK before %(! !'y ?F83 Hea1in4&1ata&arran4e1&to&avoi1&0overa4e&b(&0ontro'&0o'+2n&0'i,3 " e position allo's all of t e eading data to remain visible2 even ' en t e c art is clipped to a control column3 Arrangement of eading information is based on in.coc*pit usage patterns3

COMMUNICATIONS
Co22+ni0ations&/re5+en0ies&arran4e1&%ori6onta''(3 1ilots typically refer to t e ne)t ro's from top to bottom to set up and brief t e approac 3 " e communications section is arranged ori/ontally in t e top ro'2 Qust inside t e neatline of t e eading section3 Notice t at t e fre,uencies are listed left to rig t in t e normal se,uence of use2 from arrival to touc do'n3

PRE7APPROACH&BRIEFING&INFORMATION&AND&MSA
Pri2ar(&navi4ation&ai13 " e ne)t section of t e c art eading contains t e pre.approac briefing information2 suc as t e primary navigation aid2 final approac course2 and appropriate altitudes2 including t e full te)t of t e missed approac procedure3 " e minimum safe altitude 7MSA8 grap ic is to t e rig t2 and t e appropriate procedural or altimetry notes are in t e last ro' in t e eading section3 " e first bo) of t e pre.approac briefing section contains t e information on t e primary navigation aid used for t e approac 3 It includes t e navaid type2 identifier2 and t e associated fre,uency3 For e)ample2 on ILS approac es2 t is 'ill be t e locali/er3 Fina'&a,,roa0%&0o+rse&bearin43 " e final approac course bearing is located in t is bo) of t e pre.approac briefing section3 Final approac course information is also found in t e plan vie' and profile vie'3 G'i1e&S'o,e&a'tit+1e&at&OM&,osition&)or&e5+iva'ent*&/or&Pre0ision&a,,roa0%es&or3&2ini2+2& a'tit+1e&at&Fina'&A,,roa0%&Fi.&)FAF*&/or&Non7Pre0ision&a,,roa0%es3 0ere pilots 'ill find t e glide slope crossing altitude at t e outer mar*er 7or e,uivalent position8 for precision approac es3 " e name or identification of t e associated navaid or fi) 'ill be included in t is bo)3 For non. precision approac es2 t e depicted altitude is t e minimum crossing altitude at t e final approac fi) 7or e,uivalent position83 Step.do'n fi)es may e)ist bet'een t e FAF and MA13 !efer to t e profile vie' for complete information3 De0ision&A'tit+1e&DA)H*&or&Mini2+2&Des0ent&A'tit+1e&MDA)H*&/or&strai4%t7in&'an1in48&" is bo) contains t e lo'est minimum altitude/ eig t for t e straig t.in landing3 For t is e)ample2 it lists t e decision altitude/ eig t2 or #A7082 for t e ILS3 " is figure is based on a straig t.in landing 'it all e,uipment operating3 For non.precision straig t.in landings2 t is bo) contains t e lo'est minimum descent altitude2 or M#A7083 For approac es ' ic ave conditional situations2 or do not ave a straig t.in landing2 or apply to more t an one run'ay2 t is bo) 'ill contain a note referring you to t e minimums section for t e appropriate information3 For Category II and III ILS approac es2 additional bo)es may be added2 as appropriate3 6ou s ould al'ays revie' t e minimums section for complete information3 Air,ort&an1&to+0%1o9n&6one-r+n9a(&en1&e'evation3 " e airport elevation and t e touc do'n /one or run'ay end elevation are found in t is bo)3 (n t e original c art format2 only t e airport elevation is found in t e eading3 Co2,'ete&instr+0tions&/or&2isse1&a,,roa0%&,ro0e1+re3 " e te)tual description of t e missed approac procedure as been moved into t e eading section3 It is placed ere because t e entire missed approac procedure is typically referenced during t e pre.approac briefing3 Additionally2

missed approac information is s o'n in grap ical form in t e plan vie'3 Co22on&,'a0e2ent&o/&notes&a,,'i0ab'e&to&t%e&,ro0e1+re3 4 en applicable2 general e,uipment or procedural notes associated 'it t e approac are found toget er in t is area of t e ne' format3 Altimetry information also is found ere3 If t ere are no notes associated 'it t e approac 2 t is ro' may be omitted3 (n t e original format2 notes may be found in various locations around t e c art3 Mini2+2&Sa/e&A'tit+1e&)MSA*&4ra,%i0&,'a0e1&in&a&0onsistent&'o0ation3 " e minimum safe altitude information is placed in its ne' location for ,uic* and convenient reference3 " e bearings and radials are oriented NtoO t e point of origin3 A minimum safe or sector altitude 7MSA8 is applicable to a =L nautical mile radius unless specified ot er'ise3

PLAN& IE!
Pri2ar(&navai1&in/or2ation&en'ar4e1&an1&2a1e&bo'13 " e primary navigation aid information is s o'n using big and bold type and a s ado' bo) for easy recognition3 Ne9&st('e&/or&a''&navai1&bo.&o+t'ines&an1&'ea1er&arro9s3 Slig t style c anges in navaid bo)es and arro's ave been made to improve visual appearance3 " e leader arro's are t inner t an t e original c art format and contain no arro' ead3 Na2es&an1&i1ents&o/&airs,a0e&/i.es&asso0iate1&9it%&t%e&a,,roa0%&,ro0e1+re&are&en'ar4e1&an1& 2a1e&bo'13 Big and bold te)t used in t e plan vie' elps 'it recognition and visual identification of airspace fi) names and idents3 Fina'&a,,roa0%&0o+rse&bearin4&is&en'ar4e1&an1&2a1e&bo'13 #epiction of t e final approac course is enlarged and made bold for easy recognition3 For2ation&ra1ia's&an1&se0on1ar(&air,orts&are&s0reene1&to&re1+0e&vis+a'&0on4estion3 A Nlayered loo*O intended to improve visual contrast and reduce visual congestion is provided by s ading formation radials and secondary airports3

PROFILE& IE!
" e arrangement of t e 1rofile %ie' information improves t e connection bet'een t e profile vie' grap ic and t e initiation of a missed approac procedure3 It provides t e time to t e missed approac point2 information about lig ting systems in t e landing environment2 and initial actions for missed approac if you donHt see t e run'ay environment3 1!(FIL& %I&4 AN# -!A10IC Na2es&an1&i1ents&o/&airs,a0e&/i.es&asso0iate1&9it%&t%e&a,,roa0%&,ro0e1+re&are&en'ar4e1&an1& 2a1e&bo'13 Big and bold te)t is used to en ance appearance and usability for airspace fi) names and idents3 G'i1e&S'o,e&a'tit+1e&at&OM&,osition&)or&e5+iva'ent*&or&2ini2+2&a'tit+1e&at&Fina'&A,,roa0%&

Fi.&)FAF*&is&en'ar4e1&an1&2a1e&bo'13 Altitude information is contained in t e profile vie' grap ic3 For purposes of visual reference2 t e glide slope altitude/minimum altitude at t e (M or FAF e,uivalent position is made bold3 7" is altitude corresponds to t e one s o'n in t e briefing strip38 " e profile vie' grap ic also s o's t e e)istence of any step.do'n fi)es and altitudes bet'een t e FAF and MA13 Fina'&a,,roa0%&0o+rse&bearin4&is&en'ar4e1&an1&2a1e&bo'13 " e final approac course is made bold for visual recognition3 S(2bo's&/or&navai1s&an1&/i.es&are&s0reene1&to&re1+0e&vis+a'&0on4estion3 C art clarity and recognition of surrounding c art data is en anced t roug t e use of screens2 or s ading3 To+0%1o9n&6one-r+n9a(&en1&e'evation&is&en'ar4e1&an1&2a1e&bo'13 " e touc do'n /one or run'ay end information is s o'n in t e same location in t e profile vie'3 Big and bold type is used3 C(N%&!SI(N "ABL&S AN# IC(NS Conversion&tab'es&,ositione1&be'o9&,ro/i'e&vie9&/or&i2,rove1&+sabi'it(3 " e position of t e conversion table reinforces t e relations ip bet'een t e profile grap ic and t e conversion table information3 Gra,%i0&1e,i0tion&o/&a,,'i0ab'e&a,,roa0%&'i4%t&s(ste2&)ALS*&an1-or&vis+a'&1es0ent&'i4%tin4& ai13 4 en !&IL2 %ASI2 or 1A1I is available2 t ese also are s o'n on t e appropriate side of t e run'ay3 An e)planation of t e symbols used for approac lig ts is found in t e Approac C art Legend3 Initia'&,i'ot&a0tions&):+,&an1&o+t;*&/or&2isse1&a,,roa0%&are&s(2bo'i6e13 Located belo' t e profile vie' grap ic is a series of symbols ' ic represent initial pilot actions in t e event of a missed approac 3 " ey provide symbolic information about t e initial Nup and outO maneuvers only3 Al'ays refer to t e missed approac instructions in t e eading section and t e plan vie' grap ic for complete information about t e missed approac procedure3

MINIMUMS
De0ision&A'tit+1e&DA)H*&or&Mini2+2&Des0ent&A'tit+1e&MDA)H*&/or&strai4%t7in&'an1in4&are& en'ar4e1&an1&2a1e&bo'13 " e #A708 and M#A708 are located in t e landing minimums section in big and bold type3 All aut ori/ed minimums and applicable conditions for eac approac procedure are provided 'it in t e c art minimum table3 Notes&a,,'i0ab'e&to&'an1in4&2ini2+2s&0o22on'(&'o0ate1&be'o9&2ini2+2&ban13 " ese notes are located belo' t e landing minimums section3