Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

The 'concealed hand', the 'easy dip' and 'the stall' are among the common tricks used by thieves and pickpockets prowling London's Tube network and railways. In a bid to crackdown on the crime the British Transport Police (1). ____________ video clips of the 13 most common techniques used by determined thieves staking out the popular routes and targeting oblivious passengers. While crime on the railways (2). ____________ for a ninth successive year, incidents of passengers having their mobile phones, purses and mobile devices pinched have soared. The 'easy dip' is one of the common tricks used by thieves prowling the Tube and railways. British Transport Police has released 13 videos alerting unsuspecting passengers to thieves' tricks (posed by actors). The Evening Standard (3). ____________ snatches of mobile smartphones, bags, purses and other items on the Tube and Docklands Light Railway leapt by more than 20 per cent last year, according to recent figures. The number of thefts from unsuspecting passengers on the capital's rail network also (4). ____________ by more than 15 per cent while across the UK that number rose by 16 per cent. Detectives say the rise in crime is largely due to thieves' wandering hands targeting smartphones, including iPhones as well as a rise in luggage being pinched. Around half the items stolen on the Underground are smartphones. Besides, a pickpocket is seen concealing his hand behind a newspaper, (5). ____________ him access inside his victim's handbag without anyone noticing. Based on what have been revealed on the case of pickpocketing, British Transport Police has urged all rail passengers to take heed of a few simple tips to help reduce the chance of them falling victim to the pickpocketing gangs. Firstly, the rail passengers are advised to keep purses secure and carry wallets in a pocket. Also, they should make sure that their hand and shoulder bags are zipped up. Besides, the passengers should carry bags in front of them with flaps against their body. Meanwhile, for those passengers with straps short and bags, they are advised to keep them tucked under their arm. In addition, as those pickpocket peoples were attracted to valuable things, the passengers should not show their jewelry and money. Furthermore, for those passengers with smartphones , they can install a tracker app on their smartphones so that if anything happens, their phone locations still can be traced. (Adapted from By DAILY MAIL REPORTER, 16 August 2013)

1. A. released B. is releasing C. has released D. was releasing

2. A. fell B. falls C. has fallen D. had fallen

3. A. reported B. has reported C. had reported D. have reported

4. A. jumped B. had jumped C. has jumped D. have jumped

5. A. allowed B. is allowing C. had allowed D. has allowed

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Monday, Jul 09, 2012- A 16-year-old schoolgirl in Kuala Terengganu kept a classmate's schoolbag for 17 hours not realising that there was a dead newborn baby inside. The classmate (6)._____________ her the bag shortly after giving birth to the baby girl in the school's hostel around 1am on Tuesday. Doctors found out about the birth when she sought treatment at the Sultanah Nur Zahirah Hospital, complaining of abdominal pains. Police have seized the scissors used to cut the baby's umbilical cord. In another case, a premature baby (7).____________ dead in a shoebox in a toilet at a bus terminal in Malacca on Thursday, The Star reported. A bus driver who went into the men's toilet (8). ____________ when he saw the dead baby. The two are among the increasing number of baby-dumping cases in Malaysia since 2010, the report said. After dropping from 102 cases in 2008 to 79 in 2009, the figure began going up again, to 91 in 2010 and and 98 last year. So far this year, 31 cases (9). ____________ Women, Family and Community Development Ministry deputy secretary-general Harjeet Singh said. He said the increasing numbers could be due to more reports being made and society becoming aware of the scourge. He said feedback from counselling sessions and case studies at several shelter homes for those under 18 listed peer pressure and lack of knowledge about reproductive health as the two most important factors that led to unwanted pregnancies. "The desire to fit in influenced many teenagers into adopting the lifestyle of their peers," he said after (10). ____________ a "Say No to Baby Dumping" seminar in Petaling Jaya. Mr Singh said all government hospitals may soon be able to function as "hatches" for unwanted babies once a standard operating procedure is put in place.

6. A. handed B. has handed C. had handed D. had been handed

7. A. found B. founded C. were found D. was found

8. A. is shocked B. were shocked C. was shocked D. are shocked

9. A. reported B. had reported C. has been reported D. have been reported

10. A. launched B. launching C. had launched D. has launched

Read the passage and answer the following question.

Cell phones (11). _________their meaning over the years. These small devices (12)._______ once developed to get in contact with someone else in case of emergencies, and now (13).__________ on the phone while driving has turned out to be a way of life for millions of American drivers. More than 85 percent of the 100 million cell-phone subscribers frequently talk on the phone during driving.(www.smartmotorist.com) Talking on the cell phone while driving should be illegal, because of the dangers they cause. Driving while using the cell phone is one of the major problems here in the US. Cell phones should not be used while driving. This matter (14).______ too dangerous to let it go unnoticed. There (15).__________ major dangers connected with driving and cell phone use. Drivers (16)._________ to take their eyes off the road while dialing. Also, drivers can get so deep into their conversations that their ability to concentrate may be dangerously limited. This jeopardizes the safety of the people inside the vehicle, and the pedestrians outside. In order to drive safely, the driver should be able to put 100% of his or her focus on the road. Cell phones are simply a huge distraction while driving. It is understandable that there are some cases where the use of a cell phone is needed. In these cases, I agree with the author of Yes, Prohibit Their Use, the driver should pull-over somewhere safe to use the phone. If someone receives an incoming call, he should wait until the car has come to a complete stop. Then he should proceed to use the phone. If he feels that the emergency (17). ___________ enough to take action right away, then the person should (18)._________ the hands free headset. Only in emergencies should cell phones be used. The use of cell phones while driving should be banned in Philadelphia, because many people will (19).___________due to distraction of cell phones. Cell phone distraction causes 2,600 deaths and 330,000 injuries in the United States every year. (www.livescience.com/technology). Another reason to not use the cell phone while driving (20). _____________the many lives of the victims and their families in the case of an accident. When driving, cell phones should not be allowed. Help the statistics decrease not increase.

Taken: http://goodessays.blogspot.com/2011/06/cell-phones-one-of-our-greatest.html

11. a. has lost b. had lost c. have lost d. have been lost

12. a.is b. are c. was d. were

13. a. talking b. is talking c. are talking d. have talking

14. a. is b. are c. was d. were

15. a. is b. are c. was d. were

16. a. has b. have c. had

17. a. is b. are c. was d. were

18. a. use b. uses c. used d. have been used

19. a. die b. died c. death

20. a. is b. are c. was d. were