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Index

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aphthartodocetism, see also incorruptibility

374n
Aquinas, Thomas 13, 17, 414, 415, 419,
420, 425, 456, 458, 459, 460, 462,
464
Aquitaine 113, 1146, 1212, 1246
Arians, Arianism 22, 37, 89109, 118,
229, 426
Arianism as Homoian Christianity
956
Arianism as syncretism 104, 1067,
109
Armenia 1, 25, 138, 147, 35581
Armenians 43, 133, 134, 35581
Arnold, John 5, 243, 249, 251
Arnovick, Leslie 154
Aroux, Eugne 7
Arthur, king 21112
Assmann, Jan 19
Athanasius the Great 45, 257n
atheism 251, 423
Athens 362
Augustine of Hippo 5, 14, 17, 323, 35,
378, 40, 41, 116, 117, 132, 452
Austria 80, 188, 189n, 301, 309, 442n
Avignon 9, 167, 170, 171, 176, 177, 296,
307, 408
Avignonet 254, 349, 391, 400n

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Abbo of Fleury 114, 121

Abelard 15, 834, 85, 207n
Abraham 66, 374, 377
Ademar of Chabannes 11327
Adrian IV, pope, see popes
aesopian language 7, 429, 4301, 434,
436, 440, 443n, 447n, 451
Agilulf, Lombard ruler 924, 101, 1057
agnosticism 251
Akerlof, George 465
Aksenaya of Mabbog 374
Alberic of Ostia, papal legate 285, 286
Albert the Great/Albertus Magnus 414,
458, 460, 461, 464
Albi 115, 172, 175, 182, 348, 349, 353
Albigensian Crusade, see crusade
Alexander II, pope, see popes
Alexander IV, pope, see popes
al-Ghazali 702
Almohads 53, 55, 56, 67, 706
Aluania 359, 360, 363
ambiguity (functional) 435, 436, 439
Ambrose of Milan 45
anathema, anathematization 98, 262, 272,
286, 366
Anderson, Judith 23
Andrzejewski, Jerzy 431, 440, 441, 443,
445, 447, 448, 449
Angelovska-Panova, Maja 23
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 279
Angoulme 114, 124
Anguelov, Dimitri 3
Annunciation and the Nativity (Chester
cycle) 1569
Anselm of Alessandria 387, 389, 3912,
393
Aosta, city and diocese of 406, 409

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Modern scholars are referenced if they appear in the main text. Authors and works referred
to in footnotes have not usually been indexed.

Baez, Fernando 778

Balliol College, Oxford 31
Balsamon, Theodore 24, 42, 25774
baptism, see also rebaptism 31n, 328, 40,
43, 4550, 94, 99100, 114, 117,
143, 245, 246, 270, 272, 371, 419,
452
Basil of Caesarea 32, 356, 49, 257n, 372

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Bloom, Harold 20
Bogomil, Pop 3, 131, 142
Bogomil, Bogomils, Bogomilism 3, 5, 6,
15, 24, 116, 117, 1235, 12950,
241, 242, 260, 263, 266, 267, 268
Interrogatio Iohannis 145, 148, 210
Bohemia, see also Czech 25, 18598,
299311, 384n
Bolton, Brenda 21
Boniface IV, pope, see popes
Boniface VIII, pope, see popes
Borst, Arno 3
Bosnia 5, 6n, 131n
Bourdieu, Pierre 451
Boyer, Pascal 102
Braudel, Fernand 19
Brunn, Uwe 14, 125, 384n
Bulgakov, Fr Sergei 31n, 38
Burch, Sally 229
Burnham, Louisa 165, 182
burning
burning of books, letters, inquisition
records 22, 62, 72, 73, 7787, 265,
346, 383
burning of icons 143
burning of people 25, 27, 75, 82, 857,
114, 166, 1701, 1978, 212, 221,
222n, 2678, 301, 302n, 3045,
306, 310, 337, 338, 346, 349, 351,
359, 385, 390, 391, 405
Burr, David 165
Byzantium, see also Constantinople 6n,
18, 37, 79n, 124n, 131n, 141n, 246,
257, 2602, 264, 269, 273, 355n,
359n, 361, 362n, 363, 364n, 366,
368n, 369n, 374n
Byzantium, see also Constantinople
3638, 373
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Bates, John 26
Beccarisi, Alessandra 25
Becket, Thomas, see Thomas Becket
Beguins 165, 1667, 1701, 172, 174,
175, 176, 177, 180, 301, 338, 339,
341, 350, 353, 415
Bell, David 209
Bellarbre, Julien 22
Benedetti, Marina 393n, 399
Benedict XI, pope, see popes
Berengar of Tours 83, 85
Bergson, Henri 4278
Bernard Gui 180, 239, 301, 302, 338, 339,
341, 353
Bernard of Clairvaux x, 16, 159, 178, 242
Broul, twelfth-century author 24, 20735
Bziers 21, 16770
Bible
Apocrypha
Protoevangelium 157
Pseudo-Matthew 157
Books
Genesis 253
Leviticus 218, 231
Job 13
Psalms 372
Proverbs 215
Ecclesiastes 78
Wisdom 197, 374
Jeremiah 195
Matthew 13n, 212, 195, 3701,
458
Luke 3701
John 3701
Acts 13
I Corinthians 13, 425
II Corinthians 37
Galatians 13
Ephesians 32
II Timothy 286
Titus 13
I Peter 195
II Peter 13
Revelations 171
Biget, Jean-Louis 127, 240, 242n
Biller, Peter 6, 149, 240, 241
birth 34, 141, 316, 318, 320, 321, 328,
330, 331

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472

Caesarius of Arles 215

Caesarius of Heisterbach 21n, 21213
caliph 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65,
66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76,
359, 362, 369, 373
Callahan, Daniel 116
Carcassonne 1767, 182, 183, 342, 343n,
347, 353
Catalonia 167, 168, 187, 202, 400n

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charisma 4, 8, 910, 33, 39, 56, 59, 60, 63,

64, 65, 67n, 712, 73, 74, 76, 142,
211, 290
Charlemagne, emperor 2, 18, 226, 230,
2324
Chaucer, Geoffrey 7, 8n, 221n
Chelick, Petr 23
Cheney, Christopher 287
Chester 23, 15363
children, childhood 34, 98100, 141,
1434, 146, 158, 159, 160, 161,
162, 217, 246, 266, 2712, 306,
31332, 404
ritual sacrifice/eating 21011, 404
chrismation or confirmation 32, 33, 35,
367, 415, 46, 47, 48, 49, 272
Christian V, king of Denmark 77
christology, see also aphthartodocetism,
monenergism, miaphysitism,
monothelitism, Chalcedonianism,
Nestorianism 36981
Church
councils 257(n)
councils, ecumenical
Basel 4034, 407, 409, 410
Chalcedon (Fourth) (451) 96n,
257n, 285, 3556, 364, 365,
366, 368, 369, 370, 373
Constantinople (Fifth) (553)
369n79
Constantinople (Sixth) (680)
3645
Lateran I 314
Lateran II 314
Lateran III 314
Lateran IV 314, 389, 396, 397,
415
Nicaea I 36, 229, 276n, 366, 425,
426
Nicaea II 37
Vatican II 33
Vienne 239, 307
councils, unionist
Ferrara-Florence 43
sacraments 17, 324, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 123, 125,
143, 170, 192n, 211, 224, 228, 232,

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Cathars, Catharism, Cathari 7, 244, 352

Cathar beliefs and doctrine 4, 117,
123, 137, 2456, 250, 253, 384,
398
Cathar bishops 146, 336, 3912
Cathar Good Christians, Good Men,
heretici, perfecti 247, 254, 255,
336, 34950
Cathar historiography 36, 1011, 22,
113, 123, 2401, 384
Cathar origins 3879
Cathar predecessors 14, 11327
Cathar transmission from Bogomils
223, 123, 131
Cathar rituals 1356, 240, 242, 247,
336
Cathar texts by/about Cathars
Cathar descriptions of Cathars by
opponents 241n, 242, 386,
3878, 389, 394,
Cathar texts of Cathar/Bogomil
origin 81, 142, 2467
Cathari as Novatianists 23
Cathars and modern society 5, 810
Cathars and social class 393, 399
Cathars of Lombardy 15, 213,
387400
Cathars of northern France and
Rhineland 14, 127, 390
Cathars of southern France 89, 15,
11327, 142, 23955, 33554
church structure 383, 384, 391
followers, credentes 2, 247, 24950,
255, 342, 344, 346, 34950, 3912
Cathars, Catharism, Cathari, see also
dualism, Inquisition
Celts
hereditary kindreds 3256
polyandry 214, 21617
censorship 42935, 436, 437, 439, 451
Cepik, Jozef 431, 443, 448, 450
esk Budjovice 308
Ceuta, city of 187
Chalcedonianism (dyophysitism) 3556,
359, 367n, 368, 3701, 374
Chanson de Roland, see Song of Roland

473

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confession, see also penance 176, 269,

461, 466
confession of heresy, witchcraft etc.
26, 1767, 255, 3878, 40405
Constance
city of 81, 186, 310, 383
council of 187n, 188, 190
peace of (1183) 383
Constantinople
City 45n, 46, 91, 131, 132, 137, 258,
2636, 268, 357, 3589, 361,
3636, 369, 373, 378
Councils and Synods of 456, 48, 258,
262, 362, 369n
Patriarch 37, 434, 257n, 259, 267,
364, 369
Cornelius, pope, see popes
Cornwall 24, 213, 21929
Creed, Nicene 366
Crown of Aragon 56, 181, 182, 191, 201
crusade 187, 216, 284, 3378, 396, 397
Albigensian 113, 213, 243, 249, 385,
398, 437
poetry 183, 1904
Cyprian of Carthage 325, 36, 37, 38, 39,
46
Cyril of Alexandria 371, 372, 374, 377,
378
Czech, Czechoslovakia, see also Bohemia
26, 185n, 188, 191, 192n, 31011

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265, 2701, 285, 286, 315, 340,

410
synods 98, 317, 329, 331, 348, 409,
410
Church, Armenian 35581
councils, Armenian-West Syrian
Mantzikert (726) 376, 379, 381
doctrinal issues 3557
possible union of Armenian-Byzantine
Churches 3638
synods, Armenian-Byzantine
Karin (Theodosioupolis) (632/3)
364, 367
Church, Catholic/Catholicism, see also
papacy and popes 2, 4, 7, 10, 14,
17, 26, 334, 378, 389, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 56, 89,
90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100,
101, 104, 1056, 107, 109, 120,
121, 123, 148, 150, 242, 250, 255,
270, 31332, 336, 337, 342, 385,
386, 392, 395, 399, 404, 425, 428,
432, 436, 4378, 449, 452, 45370
Church, Eastern Orthodox 3150, 124,
130, 131, 133, 138, 142, 147, 148,
25774, 355, 356, 357, 365, 366,
368
councils
in Trullo (Quinisext) (692) 37,
4950, 257, 260n, 265n, 267,
272n, 355, 3567, 363, 3645
synods 45, 49, 259, 262, 263, 267, 269
Arles 38
Constantinople (712) 364
Cistercians, Order of Cteaux 15, 16, 169,
173, 240n, 243, 352n, 457
Clement V, pope, see popes
Clement, twelfth-century heretic 13, 14n
Coletti, Theresa 158, 162
Cologne 26, 21314, 2935, 297, 41416,
418, 4201
colonization 301, 442
Columbanus 94, 96, 97n, 1003, 1046,
107
communion, holy 34, 42, 48, 147, 260,
271, 316, 342, 366
Communist, Communism 6, 7n, 26,
42952

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474

Dante, Alighieri 7
David I, of Scotland 284
death 33, 98, 99, 118, 130(n), 133, 135,
137, 142, 145, 197
Deleuze, Gilles 26, 224n, 41314, 4228
demons, devils, see the Devil
Denmark 77, 330
Devil, the, Satan, Lucifer 21, 34, 118, 122,
123, 124, 129, 133, 134, 135, 136,
137, 138, 139, 140, 144, 145, 149,
198, 200, 202, 210(n), 252, 253,
268, 336, 373n, 377, 404
demons, devils, demonology 144, 337,
345, 390, 403, 404, 410
Dimitrios Chomatianos, archbishop 42
Dionysios the Areopagite 3623

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England 4n, 7, 103n, 104n, 162n, 202,

213n, 214, 275, 276, 284, 288,
315n, 320n, 324n, 416, 429n, 459n
equivalence of proof (takafu al-adilla)57
Ermenfrid of Sion, papal legate 276
Ernest of Pardubice, archbishop of Prague
309
esotericism 61, 62, 63, 70
eucharist, see also communion, holy 17,
18n, 31n, 33, 34, 37, 192, 265, 356
Eugene IV, pope, see popes
excommunication 17, 85, 181, 196, 251,
269, 270, 272, 291, 296, 316, 323,
324, 337, 349, 388, 394, 395, 426

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Fairtrade 4635, 46670

as certified trade 4645
certification as justice 4669
Fairtrade Foundation 4545
FLO-International 466
minimum price 466
premium 466
shaped advantage 453
Fatimids 58, 5961
Febvre, Lucien 7
Felix V, anti-pope, see popes
Ferdinand of Aragon, king 187
Fierro, Maribel 22
filioque 18, 43, 262n
finality of prophethood 71
Financial Times 11
Fine, John 5
Fleury (Saint-Benot-sur-Loire) 1134,
1178, 121, 126
Florovsky, Fr Georges 31n, 3840, 41
Foliot, Gilbert, see Gilbert Foliot
food 109, 115, 182, 248, 265, 340, 351,
353
bread 177, 192, 248, 251, 252, 265,
269, 3423, 345, 351
cheese 224, 267, 268
cooking 132, 224, 337, 347
harvesting 351, 443n
milk 217, 224
wine 192, 252, 356
Foucault, Michel 1, 2
Fradenburg, Aranye 8, 20
Francis of Assisi 45960

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doctrinal pluralism (Armenian Church)

376, 379, 381
dogging (voyeurism) 207, 209, 214, 216,
2201, 2345
Dolealov, Eva 25
Dominic, Saint 82, 88
Douglas, Mary 214, 231
dualism, dualist
absence of 4, 6, 115, 118, 1235, 135,
392n, 393, 394, 398
Balkan 5, 14, 223, 12950, 241, 267
creation, division of humanity 132,
135, 1368, 148, 252
doctrine 5, 10, 21, 11416, 117,
1235, 127, 132, 133, 142, 242,
250, 384, 387, 428
dualism: in inquisition records 6, 149,
2424, 2534
in Islam 57
Italy, Lombardy 14, 383401
nature of Christs body, conception,
birth etc. 1456,
presence of 6, 131, 149, 247, 2523
Rhineland 14, 125
southern France, Languedoc, Aquitaine
6, 14, 11327, 149, 23955
see also Bogomils, Cathars, Manichees
Duggan, Charles 287
Dumzil, Georges 19
Dunn, Marilyn 22
Duns Scotus, John 15, 41323, 457n, 460,
467n

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Eberwin of Steinfeld 14
Ebionites 120
Eckbert of Schnau 115, 212n, 242,
Eckhart, Meister 25, 28997, 416
Eco, Umberto 3
economy, doctrine of 31n, 40, 41, 42,
478, 4950, 258, 376
Eleanor of Aquitaine 214
emperors (Byzantine)
Bardanes Philippikos (713) 3635,
368
Herakleios (61041) 364
Justinian (52765) 374n98

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Galileo Galilei 4378

Gauzlin of Fleury 118
Geoffrey Chaucer, see Chaucer, Geoffrey
Geoffrey of Coutances, bishop 276, 281
Geoffroy of Vigeois 122, 125
Gerald of Wales 207, 209, 216, 2234(n)
Germany 28997, 301, 305, 309, 386,
41415, 421
Gerrard, Daniel 245
Gesta Herewardi 277
Gesta Stephani, anonymous chronicle
2756
Gilbert de la Porre 81
Gilbert Foliot 16
Given, James 25, 3023
Glaber, Rodulfus, see Rodulfus (Raoul)
Glaber
Greece 14, 48, 49, 130
Gregory I, pope, see popes
Gregory VI, pope, see popes
Gregory VII, pope, see popes
Gregory IX, pope, see popes
Gregory XI, pope, see popes
Gregory Nazianzen 372
Gregory of Nyssa 257n, 260n, 371, 374n,
3767
Guibert of Nogent 13, 14n, 210, 211, 213
Guilhem Alaman, troubadour 170, 172,
1767
Guilhem Gras, troubadour 174, 1767
Guiral Ot (Giraldus Odonis), troubadour
172, 1789, 181

Hamilton, Bernard 22, 123, 241

Hanning, Robert 155

Hardin, Graig 154

Hardison, O.B. 1534
Hartmann, Sieglinde 24
Hebionites, see Ebionites
Heidegger, Martin 26, 4134, 422, 4256,
428
Hell 1958
Henry I, of England 2834
Henry II, of England 216, 232
Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester 275
Henry of Ghent 4645
Henry of Huntingdon 275
Henry of Lausanne 121
heresy
see also entries such as aphthartodocetism,
Arians, Beguins, Bogomils,
Cathars, Chalcedonianism,
dualism, Lollards, Manichees,
monenergism, miaphysitism,
monothelitism, Nestorianism,
syncretism, Waldensians, witches
abjuration 43, 177, 392
animal imagery
dogs 213, 21516
foxes x
geese 1903
disease 221
doctrine 257
modern fictional representations 810
popular movements
sexual deviance 20812
wandering 389, 3901
women, see women
Hereward the Wake 277, 278, 279, 281
historical novel 431, 43541
Hlavek, Ivan 300
Hledikov, Zdeka 300, 306
Holinka, Rudolf 300
Honorius III, pope, see popes
Horton, Robin 91, 105, 106
Hubert Walter, archbishop 287
Hugh Candidus, chronicler 277
Humiliati 15, 388, 393, 395, 397, 398, 401
Hus, Jan 3, 15, 23, 24n, 26, 27, 81, 84, 85,
185, 191, 193, 197, 198, 200, 204,
310, 311n, 420, 436
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renunciation of property 459

usus pauper 172, 175, 460
Franciscan order 14, 172, 176, 3989
Spiritual Franciscans, see Spiritual
Franciscans
Franks 89
Frassetto, Michael 116, 120
Frederick Barbarossa, emperor 213, 387
Frederick II (of Hohenstaufen), emperor
395, 396, 397, 398
Freud, Sigmund 2, 19, 20
Fudge, Thomas 185

Ibn Hazm 41, 50, 52

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Michael Monachus Le Moine

171
Nicholas, titular bishop of Nezero
310
Nicholas of Eymerich 339
Pagano da Lecco 400n
Peter of Aulnay 407
Peter of Caridetta 400n
Peter of Verona (Peter Martyr)
384, 392, 399400
Peter Zwicker 309
Pierre Seilan 239, 240, 244
Poncius de Planedis 400n
Pons de Parnac 351
Raimond of Rue 408
Rainier Sacconi 81, 115, 146, 253,
389, 391, 392n, 399
Robert le Bougre 390
Stephen of Bourbon 386, 388, 389
Torquemada, Tomas de 431, 443,
450
punishments and penances 251, 408
burning 166, 171, 307, 337, 338,
390, 405
imprisonment 344, 345, 3512
resistance to, deception of, coping with
25, 142, 254, 296, 30310, 311,
33554, 4467, 4501
records
general 81, 165, 254, 299, 306,
335, 343n, 3834, 389, 391
depositions 4n, 6, 23, 24, 149, 183,
2445, 255, 30305
manuals 338, 33941
Spanish Inquisition 52, 431, 4419
view and classification of heresy 8, 14,
16, 147, 183, 23940, 2434, 248,
2545, 3934, 4378, 444
Iogna-Prat, Dominique 119, 121
Isidore of Seville 22, 1167, 120, 126, 127
Islam 1n, 20, 22, 5177, 91, 106, 359, 365
Ivo of Chartres 286

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Ibn Masarra 46
Iceland 77
iconoclasm 355, 368
incest 208, 222(n), 228, 2445, 247, 330,
332, 337
incorruptibility 3739, 381
Innocent III, pope, see popes
Innocent IV, pope, see popes
Innocent VIII, pope, see popes
Inquisition 6, 14, 24, 26, 52, 58, 81, 115,
131, 142, 149, 165, 166, 171,
1834, 227, 235, 23940, 255, 289,
2956, 299311, 33553, 3834,
3902, 403, 405, 406, 425, 431,
436, 4389, 4419, 4502
comparisons with eastern Church 222n
equivalents, Communist 26, 439
equivalents, Muslim 58
formulae, terminolgy and procedure
6n, 2467, 249, 300, 3356, 346,
393, 3945, 4467, 452
individual inquisitors
Arnaud Catalan 348
Barberini, Francesco 4378
Bartholomew 300
Bernard de Caux 239, 240, 244,
337, 351
Bernard Gui 239, 300, 3012,
3389, 353
Daniele da Giussano 392
Conrad of Marburg 400n
Etienne de Saint-Thibry 349
friar Ferrier 349
Gallus of Jindichv Hradec 301,
303, 308
Geoffroy dAblis 342, 343, 350
George of Saluzzo 40310
Guillaume Arnaud 349, 400n
Guillaume Pelhisson 336
Hartman of Plze 307
Henri Chouvet 407
Jacques Fournier 343
Jean de Saint-Pierre 337
Johannes Schwenkfeld 308
Kolda of Koldice 307, 309
Henry of Olomouc 309
Lambert 300
Martin of Prague 309

477

Jacobins 436
Jacques de Vitry 385, 396, 397, 400
Jan Hus, see Hus, Jan
Jean de Pouilly 413, 418, 420, 421
Jerome 13, 17n, 36

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Kantorowicz, Ernst 227, 395

Kaye, Joel 462
Kiev, Church of 43, 47
Knights Templar 15, 418, 437,

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Kras, Pawe 300

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Lambert, Malcolm 3
Landes, Richard 116, 120, 125
Lanfranc of Canterbury, archbishop 276,
2801
Langholm, Odd 4567, 462, 4645
Languedoc 16584, 23955, 299, 3012,
306, 307, 310, 33554, 383
Lausanne (city and diocese of), see also
Henry of Lausanne 25, 40310
law 22, 24, 25, 27, 35, 42, 53, 558, 59,
62, 6670, 75, 76, 7787, 107,
109, 126, 142, 1724, 197, 212,
215, 2213, 2278, 230, 23956,
25774, 27587, 28998, 299312,
31332, 338, 343, 346, 359, 394,
3967, 40708, 417, 418, 425, 433,
444, 451, 4589, 460, 461, 4645
Le Goff, Jacques 457
Lglu, Catherine 23
Leo the Great, pope, see popes
Leo X, pope, see popes
lepers 4, 263
Lerner, Robert 1667
Leutard, eleventh-century heretic 16
Liber eliensis, chronicle 2778, 283
literacy, illiteracy, education, teaching,
doctrine 1n, 3, 4n, 5, 11, 12, 16(n),
21, 25, 26, 27, 33, 35, 36, 37, 44,
51, 53, 56, 60, 63, 6470, 756,
80, 82, 84, 87, 98, 10203, 104,
105, 115, 116, 119, 123, 124, 125,
130, 131, 139, 142, 148, 175, 176,
178, 179, 182, 183, 185, 1934,
195, 1978, 202, 213, 231, 245,
250, 252, 254, 258n, 262, 264, 267,
268, 2712, 289, 290, 308, 310,
335, 338, 340, 3523, 364, 3712,
381, 384, 394, 410, 419, 420, 422,
4234, 430, 445, 453, 4558,
45865
Loire (river and valley) 1134, 117,
1212, 1256
Lollards 4, 6, 15, 83, 191, 404n
Lollardy 4
Lombard, Peter, see Peter Lombard
Lombards

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Jerusalem 13, 43, 45, 50, 114, 195

Jesus, Jesus Christ, the Christ 12, 13, 15,
17(n), 20(n), 21, 37, 38, 39, 40,
100, 105, 118, 119, 135, 139, 143,
1456, 156, 159, 1612, 174, 178,
17980, 182, 195, 211, 245, 246,
251, 253, 267, 283, 284, 285, 286,
326, 337, 33940, 342, 345, 364,
365, 369, 370, 371, 371, 373, 374,
375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 419, 420,
426, 438, 460, 461, 467
Birth, Virgin Birth 120, 1456, 162,
246, 375, 378
Crucifixion, the Passion 118, 119, 182,
356
Resurrection 118, 370, 378,
see also aphthartodocetism,
Chalcedonianism, monenergism,
miaphysitism, monothelitism,
Nestorianism
Jews 4, 23, 48n, 49, 53, 55, 56, 116n,
117n, 119n, 120, 195, 197, 198,
206, 263, 264n, 4478, 4501
Joan de Castellnou, troubadour 168, 173
Johan Rucherat von Wesel, theologian 85
John Duns Scotus, see Duns Scotus, John
John I, count of Armagnac 169
John IV of Draice, bishop of Prague
30607, 309
John of Salisbury 81, 227
John of Worcester 276, 279, 281
John Wyclif, see Wyclif, John
John XXII, pope, see popes
John, Metropolitan of Pergamum 39
Jonas of Bobbio 94, 96, 97, 107
Josephs Troubles About Mary (York cycle)
15662
Julian of Halikarnassos 373, 374
Julius Caesar 217
just price, see SET 393
Justinian I, emperor 91, 95, 374n
Code of 258n, 2601, 270
Justinian II, emperor 363n

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478

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Magdalen College, Oxford 46

magic, sorcery 634, 81, 21920, 225,
229, 268, 271, 272, 390, 410
Magnus Lagabte, king 317
mahdism 64, 74
Malikism 55, 56, 57, 6470, 71, 73
Manichees 5, 130n, 241n, 242, 243, 257n,
384n
manuscripts
Barcelona
Biblioteca de Catalunya MS 146
168
Biblioteca de Catalunya MS 7-8
169
Berlin
Deutsche Stadtsbibliothek Lat.
1664 119
Florence,
National Central Library Fondo
nazionale, MS II.ii.117 420
London,
British Library Stowe MS 17 x
Oxford,
Merton College MS 66 416
Paris,
Bibliothque de lArsenal MS 713
286
BNF Doat MS 21 149n, 245, 246,
247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252,
253, 254, 255, 260
BNF Doat MS 22 149n, 245, 246,
247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252,
253, 254, 260
BNF Doat MS 23 351
BNF Doat MS 24 351
BNF Doat MS 25 252, 352

BNF Doat MS 26 351

BNF Doat MS 28 342
BNF Doat MS 30 239
BNF Doat MS 32 343
BNF Lat. 2400 116(n), 116(n),
117
BNF Lat. 2469 121
Regensburg
Stadtmuseum Inv. 58 189(n)
Toulouse
Bibliothque Municipale MS 2885
168
Bibliothque Municipale MS 609
351
Vatican City
Archivo Segreto Vaticano MS
4030 346(n)
Vienna
Austrian National Library MS
2777 187n, 193(n)
Map, Walter, see Walter Map
Marie de France 2334
marriage 92, 106, 115, 117, 1245, 143,
176, 205, 208, 209n, 21920, 228,
2456, 288, 31415, 31617, 320,
326, 329n, 337, 340
polyandry 208, 214, 216, 21820, 222
Marseille 171, 181
Martial, saint 119120, 126
Martin V, pope, see popes
martyrdom, martyrs 35, 49, 80, 93, 96,
171, 271, 338, 341, 349, 360, 392,
393, 399
Marx, Karl 17
Mary, Blessed Virgin 23, 1456, 15363,
187, 194, 203, 205, 211, 337, 342,
370, 377, 404, 415, 41920, 428
Matthew Paris, chronicler 82, 385, 397
Matthew, Apostle 13, 21, 156, 172n, 195n,
379n
Maximos the Confessor 365
McCracken, Peggy 220
McFarlane, K.B. 3
McKitterick, Rosamund 2, 232
McSheffrey, Shannon 6
Menik, Ferdinand 300
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early medieval kingdoms 22, 89109

Lombardy 14, 202, 213, 293, 383, 387,
388, 389, 392, 396, 397, 419
Lombardy [replaces earlier entry] 14, 202,
210n, 213, 293, 352n, 383, 38793,
3967, 399401
Lossky, Vladimir 38, 40
Louis of Bavaria, emperor 25, 2913,
2957
Lucius III, pope, see popes
Luther, Martin 21, 80, 81

479

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in Islam 5176
unofficial orthodoxy 332
unorthodoxy 2345, 254
Orwell, George 445
Ostorero, Martine 405
Oswald von Wolkenstein 24, 185206
songs
Kl.27 Ich hab gehrt durch
mangen granns 18994,
199203
Kl.32 Song of Hell 1958,
199206
Kl.34 Got mus fur vns vechten
189, 203
Otakar II, Pemysl, king of Bohemia 300
pagan, pagans, paganism 19, 63, 90, 101,
1024, 133, 134, 148, 207, 231,
232, 234, 266, 286
Palmer, William 44n, 45n, 467
Pamiers 343
papacy, see also popes
as authority/institution 122, 167,
31332, 383401, 417
bulls
Ad abolendam 213
Clericis laicos 416
Docta sanctorum patrum 169
Exiit qui seminat 165
In agro dominico 25
petitions
defectus natalium 31332
registers 31621
Paris 7, 18, 74n, 116, 182, 291n, 413,
41621, 456n
Patarenes 386, 387, 388, 397, 398, 401
patriarchs
Alexandria
Kritopoulos, Mitrophanis 31
Mark III 259, 262, 264
Matthew 45
Antioch
Macarius 44
Silvester 45
Constantinople
Anthimos VI 46
Cyril V 445

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Nazism 10, 447, 448

Nestorianism 355, 366
Nicholas I, pope, see popes
Nicholas V, pope, see popes
Niaross, archbishopric 317, 321
Norway 32630
Norway 317, 327, 328, 330, 331

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miaphysitism, see also monophysitism

355, 359, 363, 364, 368, 373, 374n,
375
Mies, battle of 192
mihna (inquisition) 44
Milan, city/commune of 15, 25, 93, 100,
383401
miracles, the miraculous 16, 59, 64, 70,
82, 92, 96, 101, 138, 158, 162, 207
Mochrie, Robert 27
Modestin, Georg 26
Moghila, Peter 434, 46
Molnr, Amadeo 300
monenergism 364, 371, 372
monophysitism, see also miaphysitism
355n, 368
monothelitism 364, 365, 372
Montaillou 2467, 353n
Monter, William 87
Montsgur 10, 349, 353n
Moore, Robert Ian 3, 4, 5, 6, 21, 23, 51,
53, 57, 113, 242, 243
Moses 19, 122, 337
Mosse, Kate 811, 12, 27
Mount Athos 489
Murray, Alexander 22
music 169, 170, 173, 187, 190, 192, 325

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480

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Obama, Barack 51
Odo of Bayeux, bishop 2767, 281
Oldenbourg, Zoe 11
oppression, silencing 3, 14, 58, 61, 308,
309, 418, 429, 437, 438, 4401,
446, 44952
ordination 38, 41, 279, 314, 321, 366, 416
Orlans 114, 115, 117, 1245, 126, 417
orthodoxy 12, 4n, 67, 910, 11, 12,
1416, 1819, 20, 24, 25, 27, 89,
216, 227, 2312, 296, 385, 393,
398, 423, 427, 428

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Benedict XI 418
Boniface IV 94, 100, 101, 104, 105,
Boniface VIII 183, 187, 4168
Clement V 170, 329, 418
Cornelius 34
Eugene IV 323
Felix V (anti-pope) 404, 406, 407, 409
Gregory I 923, 94, 96, 97n, 98,
99100, 102, 104, 463n
Gregory VI 280
Gregory VII 125, 3145, 386
Gregory IX 86, 336, 390, 396
Gregory XI 330
Honorius III 396
Innocent III 93, 385, 386, 405, 395,
406, 415
Innocent IV 391, 3934, 411, 413
Innocent VIII 83, 87
John XXII 25, 170, 178, 2912, 294,
2967, 306, 307, 338, 421, 460
Leo the Great 276n, 282
Leo X 81
Lucius III 213
Martin V 188
Nicholas I 285, 286
Nicholas V 409
Pelagius II 92, 99
Pius II 327
Stephen 35, 38
Sylvester 337
Theodore I 94
Urban II 282
Urban VIII 437
Zachary 81
poverty 14, 165, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175,
180, 181, 183, 191, 294, 338, 415,
4578, 460
power/political authority 12, 3, 6, 7,
10, 17, 21, 22, 34, 35, 37, 47, 53,
5960, 68, 73, 74, 75, 78, 81, 84,
86, 87, 91, 94, 1078, 122, 140,
148, 156, 159, 162, 167, 175, 178,
183, 211, 221, 2256, 234, 247,
249, 250, 251, 255, 257n, 264,
265, 275, 280, 281, 283, 285, 296,
302, 315, 318, 319, 323, 32930,
338, 359, 383, 385, 390, 3946,
397401, 407, 417, 418, 419, 421,

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Germanos (71530) 362, 3648,

369, 373, 374
Jeremiah III 44
Leo Stypes 268
Luke Chrysoberges 268
Michael II Oxeites 267
Michael III of Anchialos 259, 268
Theodore 259
Jerusalem
Parthenios 45
Moscow
Nikon 44
Philaret 44
Patschovsky, Alexander 299302
Patterson, Annabelle 429, 431, 435
Paul the Deacon 93, 94, 97, 98, 106, 107
Paul, Apostle 13, 120, 286, 362, 363, 425
Paxson, James 155
Pegg, Mark 6, 9, 384n
Peire Cardinal 7
Pladan, Josphin 7
Pelagius II, pope, see popes
penance 22, 32, 33, 356, 823, 85, 165,
175, 268, 276, 281, 391, 461
Pensom, Roger 214, 216, 217, 230
Peter Lombard 416
Peter of Verona 384, 388, 392, 399400
Peter the Venerable 121
Peter, Apostle 13, 92, 138, 143
Petkoff, Peter 24
Petr Chelick, see Chelick, Petr
Petrus Iohannis Olivi 165, 170, 171, 176,
177, 181, 183, 338, 421, 460, 465
Peyre Trencavel, troubadour 171, 1823
Philip IV of France, king 4169
philosophy 26, 56, 59, 60, 70, 74, 75, 294,
358, 41328
Pico della Mirandola 83
Piron, Sylvain 165
Pius II, pope, see popes
Poland 26, 82, 42953
polytheism 19, 104
Pomerania 301, 309
Pop Bogomil, see Bogomil
popes
Adrian IV 232
Alexander II 386
Alexander IV 300

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Roman
Catholics 33, 439
Church 1, 123, 125, 337, 401
faith 250
imperial 13, 79n, 89, 91, 93, 106, 107,
114, 217, 260
influence on middle ages 5, 113, 217
law 270, 338, 4645
of the city 77, 196, 197n
papal 282, 324, 401
Romanitas 91
synonym for Byzantine 264
West 113, 121, 124, 355, 366
Romanticism 445, 446, 447, 449
Rome 368
Rosenberg Alfred 10
Rosenzweig, Franz 19n, 20
Rougemont, Denis de 7
rugby league, rugby XIII 10
rugby union, rugby XV 10
Russia, Russian 38, 41, 434, 467, 49,
54n, 130, 132n, 149, 429, 442,
447n

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425, 430, 433, 436, 442, 460, 461,

463, 467, 468
preaching
heretical/vernacular 57, 123, 166, 170,
175, 211, 213, 245, 247, 24850,
254, 255, 291, 292, 294, 297, 305,
310, 337, 350, 353, 391, 393, 400,
420
orthodox 80, 81, 262, 311, 337, 387,
388, 389, 393, 396, 397, 3989,
415
Prague 304, 30809
Procopius 91
propaganda
anti-Hussite 186, 1889, 190, 192, 194
anti-papal 417
anti-Templar 210n
Hussite 1856
Polish Communist 441, 443
Umayyad 68
Prosser, Eleanor 162
prostitution, prostitutes 21314, 252, 337,
360
Protestantism 17, 44, 46, 48
Przemko I, duke of Troppau 188

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482

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Rahn, Otto 10
Raimon de Cornet 16584
Rainald Dassel, archbishop 212
Rainier Sacconi 81, 115, 146, 253, 389,
391, 399
Ralph of Orkeney 285
Rodulfus (Raoul) Glaber 16, 118, 126, 385
Ravenna 93, 95, 106
Raymundus Johannis, friar 1767, 1812
Reading, abbey of 3834
rebaptism 3150
Reginald Pecock, bishop 83
Renaissance 74, 79, 87n, 436
Reuter, Tim 278
Rhineland 14, 115, 122, 127
Richard of Hexham 285
Historia Ricardi 284, 285
Riffaterre, Michael 439
Roach, Andrew P. 20, 23
Robert Grossteste 458
Robert le Bougre, see inquisition
Roger of Armagnac 169

Sacraments, see Church

Saint-Martial of Limoges (abbey) 114,
117, 119, 120
Santner, Eric 1920
Schimmelpfennig, Bernard 318, 330
Schmugge, Ludwig 3189
scholastic economic thought (SET)
45370
charity 458
commutative justice 454, 461, 467
conspicuous consumption 4612
distributive justice 461
entitlement failure 463
ius necessitatis 463
just price 463, 4646
magnificentia 462
market power 463
mixed act 4634
natural law 459, 460, 461, 463
prices ad par 463, 4645
private property 45864
scale of values 459
temporal prosperity 459
veil of anonymity 461, 462

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Tanchelm of Antwerp, twelfth-century

heretic 211
Taus, battle of 192
Taylor, Claire 24, 123, 124
Temple, order of, see Knights Templar
terror/persecution 432, 448, 452

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terrorism 447
Tett, Gillian 11, 12
Theobald of Bec 285
Theodelinda, wife of Lombard rulers
924, 100, 106
Theodore Balsamon, see Balsamon,
Theodore
Theodore I, pope, see popes
theology 1, 7, 14, 23, 33, 38, 44, 48n, 56,
57, 58, 68, 70, 71, 84, 85, 90, 96n,
102, 109, 131, 133, 148, 150, 161,
178, 242, 261, 289, 339, 35581,
41328, 437, 4578, 459, 4604,
465
Thomas Aquinas, see Aquinas, Thomas
Thomas Becket 16
Thomas of Chobham 457
Thurstan of York, archbishop 284, 285
Tierney, Brian 461
Tonner, Philip 26
torture 26, 188, 197, 205, 339n, 341, 404,
450
totemism 2312
Toulouse 113, 16584, 242, 300, 3012,
3367, 341, 345, 349, 351, 353
translations of patristic texts 3612, 378
travel 12, 61, 132, 177, 285, 305, 358,
3615, 3689, 391, 408
Trembelas, Panagiotis 401
Trinity 32, 35, 36, 38, 49, 50, 101, 105,
378
troubadours 7, 166n, 167, 168, 169, 170,
173, 214
Truhl, Josef 300
Turner, Victor 225

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Schumpeter, Joseph 210, 456

Schwartz, Regina 19
Scotland 25, 313332
Scoville, Chester 1567
Second Shepherds Play (Towneley cycle)
155
Segl, Peter 300
Severos of Antioch 373
Sherlock Holmes 216
Shiism 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65, 68,
72, 76
Sigismund of Luxemburg, emperor 186,
199
Simpson, James R. 24
sin
mortal 196
Smith, Julia 232
Socialist Realism 435, 445
Soissons 13, 83, 211, 219
Song of Roland 25, 226, 232, 233
Soviet system 441
Spain 2, 18, 22, 5176, 98, 186, 189,
327, 328, 329, 330, 416, 431, 436,
4412, 447, 451
Speculum perfectionis 165
Spinka, Matthew 3
Spiritual Franciscans 15, 165, 1702, 175,
177, 179, 338, 353
Stalin, Josef/Stalinism 435, 436, 437, 443,
444, 445, 448
Stephen of Siwnik 25, 35581
Stephen, king of England 275, 284, 285
Stephen, pope, see popes
Stryjkowski, Julian 431, 4435, 447, 450
Sufism 56, 57, 61, 62n, 70, 71, 72, 73,
74, 76
Sunnism 55, 57, 5864, 68, 703, 76
Sweden 330
Sylvester, pope, see popes
syncretism 22, 701, 104, 107, 109,
1301, 232

483

ulama (Islamic religious scholars) 75,

58, 59, 60, 64, 65, 70, 71, 72
Umayyad Caliphate 359, 363, 364, 365,
368, 373
Umayyads 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66,
67, 68, 69, 359
Urban II, pope, see popes
Urban VIII, pope, see popes
Valdes of Lyon (see also Waldensians) 6,
14, 24
Vandals 91, 1023

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York 23, 15363

Zachary, pope, see popes
Zahirism 56, 6970, 74
Zizioulas, see also John, Metropolitan of
Pergamum

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Waldensians, Waldensianism (Poor of

Lyon, Poor of Lombardy) 4, 6,
127, 244, 247, 24950, 251, 2545,
301, 303, 30406, 306, 310, 311,
3867, 3889, 401
Walsh, Martin 162
Walter Map 14, 16
Ware, Kallistos 22
Wazo of Lige 21
Weil, Simone 10
Werner, Ernst 300
Werner, Thomas 7787
Wertheimer, Laura 315, 318, 329, 330
Wickham, Christopher 93, 107
Willem Moerbeke 458
William Cumin 285
William Lanfranc, bishop 232
William of Auxerre 461
William of Malmesbury, chronicler
Gesta pontificum anglorum 27980

witches, witchcraft, witch-hunting,

see also magic 213, 40310
and heresy 404
witches and Church reform 403
witches and demonology 403
women 60n, 801, 99, 102, 138n, 1434,
145, 15363, 21011, 212, 213,
218, 2201, 245, 251, 268, 320,
3212, 324, 326, 328, 336, 341,
344, 348, 360, 390, 4001, 407
as heretics ixx, 21011, 248, 269
Woolf, Rosemary 162
World War II 3, 40, 429, 432
Wrocaw (Breslau) 308
Wulfstan, archbishop 213, 21516
Wyclif, John 3, 7, 15, 23, 79, 191, 193,
310, 311, 420, 422n
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Varga, Lucie 7, 8n, 23

Vichy regime 10
Visconti family 383, 4001

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484

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