CHAPTER 24

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Test Bank

TYPE I MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In each of the following multiple-choice questions, place the letter of the correct response in the blank at the left. There is only one correct response for each question. 24.1 c The primary site within the human body where carbohydrate digestion occurs is the a mouth. b stomach. c small intestine. d membranes of intestinal mucosal cells. !hich of the following con"ersions is accomplished by the process of glycolysis# a glucose to glycogen b glucose to pyru"ate c starch to glucose d pyru"ate to glucose The first two intermediates in the process of glycolysis are, respecti"ely, a glucose %-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate. b glucose 1-phosphate and glucose %-phosphate. c glucose %-phosphate and fructose %-phosphate. d glucose 1-phosphate and fructose 1-phosphate.

24.2

24.$

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

15

16 24.4

Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism

Test Bank

The transition from the &% stage of glycolysis to the &$ stage in"ol"es the con"ersion of the molecule fructose 1,%-bisphosphate into the &$ species a dihydro'yacetone and glyceraldehydes. b dihydro'yacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde $-phosphate. c glyceraldehyde and $-phosphoglycerate. d $-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate. )ow many total steps are there in the process of glycolysis# a si' b eight c ten d twel"e )ow many glycolysis intermediates are molecules that contain one or more phosphate groups# a two b four c si' d nine )ow many steps in the glycolysis pathway ha"e a &$ molecule as the reactant# a two b four c si' d eight In the human body, under aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions, respecti"ely, pyru"ate is con"erted to a lactate and ethanol. b lactate and acetyl &o,. c ethanol and lactate. d acetyl &o, and lactate. ,ccumulation of which of the following substances is the cause of stiff and sore muscles after "igorous e'ercise# a lactate b pyru"ate c acetyl &o, d glycerate !Al"orithmi#$The net yield of ,T/ from the complete o'idation of one molecule of glucose is a 12. b 24. c $.. d $%.

24.(

24.%

24.*

24.+

24.-

24.1.

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Test Bank

Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism

1%

24.11

!Al"orithmi#$The net yield of ,T/ per glucose molecule during the process of glycolysis is a 2. b 4. c +. d 12. The name of the process in which free glucose is con"erted to glycogen is a gluconeogenesis. b glycogenesis. c glycogenolysis. d glycolysis. !hich of the following processes require 0T/ molecules# a formation of glycogen from glucose b degradation of glycogen to glucose c both the formation and degradation of glycogen d formation of glucose 1-phosphate from glucose %-phosphate !Al"orithmi#$1lucose 1-phosphate is con"erted to glucose %-phosphate in which of the following processes# a gluconeogenesis b glycogenesis c glycogenolysis d glycolysis !Al"orithmi#$,dding a single glucose unit to a growing glycogen chain a requires the in"estment of 2 ,T/ molecules. b results in the production of 1 ,T/ molecule. c does not require any triphosphate molecules. d requires 2,34 as an o'idi5ing agent. !Al"orithmi#$!hich of the following intermediates is in"ol"ed in gluconeogenesis but not in glycolysis# a glucose 1-phosphate b pyru"ate c o'aloacetate d phosphoenolpyru"ate !Al"orithmi#$!hich of the following is a reactant in the first step of gluconeogenesis# a carbon dio'ide b molecular o'ygen c glucose d acetyl &o,

24.12

24.1$

24.14

24.1(

24.1%

24.1*

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

1& 24.1+

Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism

Test Bank

!hich of the following substances are participants in the reactions encompassed by the &ori cycle# a pyru"ate and acetyl &o, b pyru"ate and lactate c lactate and acetyl &o, d pyru"ate, lactate and acetyl &o, !Al"orithmi#$!hich of the following statements concerning the pentose phosphate pathway is incorrect# a It is an alternati"e pathway to glycolysis for the degradation of glucose. b The ma6or coen5yme produced by the pathway is 2,3). c /entose deri"ati"es needed for the production of nucleic acids are products of the pathway. d In the first stage of the pathway, glucose %-phosphate is con"erted to ribulose (-phosphate. !hich of the following hormones promotes the uptake and use of glucose by cells# a insulin b glucagon c epinephrine d adrenaline

24.1-

24.2.

TYPE II MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In each of the following multiple-choice questions, place the letter of the correct response in the blank at the left. There may be more than one correct response 7choice d or no correct response for a question 7choice e . 24.21 c !hich of the following statements concerning glycolysis is incorrect# a It is an o'idation process in which no molecular o'ygen is used. b ,ll reactions take place in the cytosol of a cell. c There are two stages, each of which in"ol"es a series of fi"e reactions. d more than one correct response e no correct response In two of the first three steps of glycolysis, a phosphorylation reactions occur. b isomeri5ation reactions occur. c ,T/ is con"erted to ,3/. d more than one correct response e no correct response

24.22

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Test Bank

Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism

1'

24.2$

!hich of the following &% stage glycolysis intermediates is paired with the correct type of en5yme needed for its production# a glucose %-phosphate8 kinase b fructose %-phosphate8 dehydrogenase c fructose 1,%-bisphosphate8 mutase d more than one correct response e no correct response In which of the following steps of glycolysis does substrate-le"el phosphorylation occur# a production of phosphoenolpyru"ate b production of pyru"ate c production of 2-phosphoglycerate d more than one correct response e no correct response !hich of the following &$ stage glycolysis intermediates undergoes an isomeri5ation reaction# a dihydro'yacetone phosphate b glyceraldehyde $-phosphate c $-phosphoglycerate d more than one correct response e no correct response Intermediates in the glycolysis pathway include a two glucose deri"ati"es. b three glycerate deri"ati"es. c two pyru"ate deri"ati"es. d more than one correct response e no correct response The regeneration of 2,34 from 2,3) occurs during the con"ersion of pyru"ate to a lactate. b ethanol. c acetyl &o,. d more than one correct response e no correct response &arbon dio'ide is a product when lactate is con"erted to a pyru"ate. b ethanol. c acetyl &o,. d more than one correct response e no correct response

24.24

24.2(

24.2%

24.2*

24.2+

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

2( 24.2-

Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism

Test Bank

In which of the following processes is glucose the end product# a glycogenesis b glycogenolysis c glycolysis d more than one correct response e no correct response !hich of the following is a three-step process# a con"ersion of pyru"ate to glucose b con"ersion of glucose to glycogen c con"ersion of glycogen to glucose d more than one correct response e no correct response The compound glucose 1-phosphate is encountered in which of the following processes# a glycogenesis and glycogenolysis b glycolysis and gluconeogenesis c glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis d more than one correct response e no correct response The compound glucose %-phosphate is not encountered in which of the following processes# a con"ersion of pyru"ate to glucose b con"ersion to glucose to pyru"ate c con"ersion of glycogen to glucose d more than one correct response e no correct response The compound o'aloacetate is an intermediate in the con"ersion of a glycogen to glucose. b pyru"ate to glucose. c pyru"ate to acetyl &o,. d more than one correct response e no correct response !hich of the following is a product of the first stage of the pentose phosphate pathway# a carbon dio'ide b a phosphorylated "ersion of the coen5yme 2,3) c ribose (-phosphate d more than one correct response e no correct response

24.$.

24.$1

24.$2

24.$$

24.$4

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Test Bank

Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism

21

24.$(

!hich of the following hormones increases blood glucose le"els# a insulin and glucagon b insulin and epinephrine c glucagon and epinephrine d more than one correct response e no correct response

MULTIPLE-CHOICE FORMAT TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characteri5e 9,&) of the three gi"en statements as being T:09 or ;,<=9 and then indicate the collecti"e true-false status of the statements using the choices a ,ll three statements are true. b Two of the three statements are true. c >nly one of the statements is true. d 2one of the statements is true. 24.$% c - ;T; =tatements? 71 The three ma6or monosaccharide products from carbohydrate digestion are glucose, galactose, and ribose. 72 In glycolysis, two ,T/ molecules are consumed and four ,T/ molecules are produced. 7$ The &ori cycle is a process in which glucose is con"erted to pyru"ate which is then con"erted back to glucose. a b c d 24.$* b - ;TT ,ll three statements are true. Two of the three statements are true. >nly one of the statements is true. 2one of the statements is true.

=tatements? 71 1lycogenesis and glycolysis are @oppositeA processes. 72 The focal point for carbohydrate metabolism is the molecule glucose. 7$ /roduction of $. ,T/ molecules accompanies the complete o'idation of a glucose molecule. a b c d ,ll three statements are true. Two of the three statements are true. >nly one of the statements is true. 2one of the statements is true.

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

22

Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism

Test Bank

24.$+ b - ;TT

=tatements? 71 ,bsorption of monosaccharides through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream in"ol"es passi"e transport. 72 In the con"ersion of pyru"ate to acetyl &o,, a carbon dio'ide molecule is produced. 7$ 1lucose degradation occurs in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. a b c d ,ll three statements are true. Two of the three statements are true. >nly one of the statements is true. 2one of the statements is true.

24.$- c - ;T;

=tatements? 71 The process of glycolysis con"erts a &% molecules into three &2 molecules. 72 The primary location where gluconeogenesis occurs is the li"er. 7$ /yru"ate reduction to lactate occurs under aerobic conditions, and pyru"ate o'idation to acetyl &o, results from anaerobic conditions. a b c d ,ll three statements are true. Two of the three statements are true. >nly one of the statements is true. 2one of the statements is true.

24.4. a - TTT

=tatements? 71 1lucose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in both glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. 72 &on"ersion of ,T/ to ,3/ occurs in both steps 1 and $ of glycolysis. 7$ In the o'idati"e stage of the pentose phosphate pathway, a he'ose phosphate is con"erted to a pentose phosphate and carbon dio'ide. a b c d ,ll three statements are true. Two of the three statements are true. >nly one of the statements is true. 2one of the statements is true.

24.41 b - TT;

=tatements? 71 1luconeogenesis is a process through which glucose can be synthesi5ed from noncarbohydrate materials. 72 The process of glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of a cell. 7$ InsulinBs function is to increase blood glucose le"els by speeding up the con"ersion of glycogen to glucose. a b c d ,ll three statements are true. Two of the three statements are true. >nly one of the statements is true. 2one of the statements is true.

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Test Bank

Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism

2)

24.42 b - T;T

=tatements? 71 ,ll intermediates in the &$ stage of glycolysis are phosphorylated deri"ati"es of either glycerol or acetone. 72 The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, continues in the stomach, and is completed in the small intestine. 7$ The storage form for e'cess glucose in the body is glycogen produced by glycogenesis. a b c d ,ll three statements are true. Two of the three statements are true. >nly one of the statements is true. 2one of the statements is true.

24.4$ a - TTT

=tatements? 71 The con"ersion of glucose %-phosphate to glucose, the last step of glycogenolysis, does not occur in muscle and brain cells. 72 The two triose phosphates initially formed in glycolysis are dihydro'yacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde $-phosphate. 7$ ,T/ production during glycolysis occurs "ia substrate-le"el phosphorylation. a b c d ,ll three statements are true. Two of the three statements are true. >nly one of the statements is true. 2one of the statements is true.

24.44 d - ;;;

=tatements? 71 The first step of glycolysis in"ol"es the phosphorylation of glucose to produce glucose 1-phosphate. 72 The processing of one glucose molecule "ia glycolysis produces two acetyl &o, molecules and two carbon dio'ide molecules. 7$ The ma6ority of ,T/ molecules produced during the complete o'idation of glucose form during the glycolysis phase of o'idation. a b c d ,ll three statements are true. Two of the three statements are true. >nly one of the statements is true. 2one of the statements is true.

24.4( a - TTT

=tatements? 71 <actate accumulation is the cause of muscle pain and cramping during prolonged, strenuous e'ercise. 72 <actate production during e'ercise lowers blood p), which triggers faster breathing. 7$ The effects of both type I and type II diabetes are the same - inadequate glucose uptake by cells. a b c d ,ll three statements are true. Two of the three statements are true. >nly one of the statements is true. 2one of the statements is true.

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

24

Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism

Test Bank

MATCHING QUESTIONS ,ssign each of the characteri5ations on the left to one of the metabolic pathways listed in the response list on the right. :esponses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all. 24.4% 24.4* 24.4+ 24.424.(. d b c a a 1lucose is con"erted to two pyru"ates. 1lycogen is synthesi5ed from glucose. 1lycogen is broken down into free glucose units. 1lucose is synthesi5ed from pyru"ate. Two &$ molecules combine to gi"e a &% molecule. a b c d gluconeogenesis glycogenesis glycogenolysis glycolysis

,ssign each of the reaction characteri5ations on the left to one of the metabolic pathways listed in the responses on the right. :esponses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all. 24.(1 24.(2 24.($ 24.(4 24.(( d b a a b ;ructose %-phosphate is the product formed in the second step of this process. ;ormation of 03/-glucose is part of this process. >'aloacetate is the product formed in the first step of this process. Two trioses combine to form fructose 1,%-bisphosphate as part of this process. 1lucose %-phosphate is con"erted to glucose 1-phosphate as part of this process. a b c d gluconeogenesis glycogenesis glycogenolysis glycolysis

)ow many steps in glycolysis ha"e the characteristics listed on the left# :espond using the response list on the right. :esponses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all. 24.(% 24.(* 24.(+ 24.(24.%. b c b b c ,T/ is con"erted to ,3/. ,n isomeri5ation reaction occurs. =ubstrate-phosphorylation occurs. , bisphosphate molecule is formed. , glycerate deri"ati"e is formed. a b c d one step two steps three steps four steps

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Test Bank

Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism

25

!hat is the ,T/ yield per glucose molecule in each of the following processes# :espond using the list on the right. :esponses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all. 24.%1 24.%2 24.%$ 24.%4 24.%( a d a a a 1lycolysis 1lycolysis plus the common metabolic pathway 1lycolysis plus o'idation of pyru"ate to acetyl &o, 1lycolysis plus reduction of pyru"ate to lactate 1lycolysis plus reduction of pyru"ate to ethanol a b c d 2 ,T/ 4 ,T/ 1. ,T/ $. ,T/

;or each of the chemical changes on the left, choose from the response list on the right a correct name for the process or the conditions under which it occurs. :esponses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all. 24.%% 24.%* 24.%+ 24.%24.*. b b a c d /yru"ate to lactate /yru"ate to ethanol 1lucose to pyru"ate to lactate to pyru"ate to glucose 1lucose %-phosphate to ribulose (-phosphate :ibulose (-phosphate to ribose (-phosphate a &ori cycle b an anaerobic process c o'idati"e stage of pentose phosphate pathway d nono'idati"e stage of pentose phosphate pathway

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.