CONTENT

CONTENT INTRODUCTION ELLIPSOIDAL PARAMETERS GEODETIC DERIVATION GEOCENTRIC DERIVATION QUESTION REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION
Basically, ellipsoid is a one of the way to measure the Earth. Ellipsoid is formed by taking an ellipse and rotates about its minor axis. Ellipsoid can be recognized by semi-major axis, a and its semi-minor axis, b. The x and z coordinates on the ellipsoid can be computed knowing either reduced latitude, geodetic latitude or geocentric latitude and the parameters of ellipsoid. In this assignment we need to derive geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude. Meanwhile, reduced latitude we have been discussed in class. Geodetic latitude is the angle between the normal to the ellipsoid at the point and equatorial plane. Then, geocentric latitude is the angle at the center of the ellipse between the plane of the equator and a line to the point. Reduced latitude is the angle at the center of the sphere that is tangent to the ellipsoid along the equator between the plane of the equator and the radius to the point intersected along the sphere by a straight line perpendicular to the plane of the equator and passing through the point on the ellipsoid.

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Ellipsoidal parameters
Some of the fundamental of the ellipse are; 1) Polar flattening, f:

2) First eccentricity, e: 3) Second eccentricity, e:

Relationship between f and e : From 2) we have;

From 1) we have,

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Substitute equation

into equation

( ) ( [( ( ) )( ) )]

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Meridian ellipse using the geodetic latitude

Equation of ellipse, (1) Rewrite the equation of ellipse (1), into the following form,

(2) From (2), (3)

(4)

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Rearrange (4),

Squaring both sides, ( )

(5)

To find Multiply (2) with ( )( ) (6)

By the way, (5)+(6), ( ) ( )

( Solving for

( (

) )

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 (7)

To find Multiply equation (2) by ( )( , )

(8) Add (8) and (5), ( ( ) ( ) (9) Solving z, ( ) )

(10)

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But, recall the first eccentricity;

(11)

Substitute (11) into the denominator of (7) and (10), ( ) ( [ ( ( ) )] )

Then substituting back onto the denominator of (7) and (10),

( ( ( ( ( ) )

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Meridian ellipse using the geocentric latitude

From figure 2, one can write, (12) (13) r = geocentric radius; = geocentric latitude Substitute (12) and (13) into (1) results in,
( ) ( )

and

(14) Solving for r,

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(15)

But, recall the first eccentricity;

) ( ) into (15);

(16)

Substitute (16) which has written

( ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ) )

( ( ( ( )

) )

) ( ) )

(
(

( (

) ) ( )

(17)

Let (17) into (12) and (13); (

( )

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So, the result we can use to determine the meridional coordinates using the geocentric latitude.
( ( ) )

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The geodetic latitude of a point on an ellipsoid is N. If the semi-major and semi-minor axis of the ellipsoid are 6,377,304.603 meters and 6,356,103.309 meters respectively, compute the meridian ellipse coordinates of the point. (Note: perform the computation of eccentricity squared to seven decimal places and give your answers for the coordinates to three decimal places.)

Answer workout;

Based on the equation,

Recall the equation

and

( (

) )

m
( ( ) )

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References

Lecture notes Website: http://surveying.wb.psu.edu/sur351/georef/Ellipse.htm

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