Agenda

Extension of existing ( OLD) BUS BAR PROTECTION DISTRUBANCE RECORD WORK STATION TIME SYNCHRONISATION OF RELAYS TEST PLUGS & TEST EQUIPMENTS

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

HV Application: Busbar Protection

Kirchhoffs Principle applied to a healthy system

I=0

I1

I2

I3

I1 = I2 + I3 I1 - I2 - I3 = 0

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Without Busbar Protection (1)

F1

F2

There are fewer faults on busbars than on other parts of the power system
No dislocation of system due to accidental operation of busbar protection. Slow fault clearance. Busbar faults at F1 and F2 are cleared by remote time delayed protection on circuits feeding the faults: Time Delayed Overcurrent or Time Delayed Distance Protection
ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Busbar Faults Are Usually Permanent

CAUSES : Insulation failures Circuit breaker failures Falling debris Isolators operated outside their ratings Safety earths left connected Current transformer failures THEREFORE : Circuit breakers should be tripped and locked out by busbar protection

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Busbar Protection must be:

RELIABLE Failure could cause widespread damage to the substation STABLE False tripping can cause widespread interruption of supplies to customers DISCRIMINATING Should trip the minimum number of breakers to clear the fault FAST To limit damage and possible power system instability

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

1 Breaker Scheme

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

1 Breaker Bus Protection

87

87

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Double Bus Protection

Z1 Z3 BS Z2 Z4

BC1

F1

F2

F3

F4

BC2

BCM 1
Z1 Z3 ZCK

FM 1

FM 2

BSM

FM 3

FM 4

BCM 2
Z2 Z4 ZCK

Z1

Z3

ZCK

Z2

Z4

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Effect of C.T. Location on Busbar Protection Performance

Circuit protection Circuit protection Busbar protection Busbar protection Interlocked overcurrent relay All C.T.s on line side of circuit breaker

Interlocked overcurrent relay Circuit protection Busbar protection

Overlapping C.T.s

All C.T.s on Busbar side of circuit breaker

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

High Impedance Protection

Simple system to apply and extend. High sensitivity for phase and earth faults. Extremely stable for external faults. CT requirements: Equal ratios Class X
RST 87

May require stabilising resistors, METROSIL RST. May require non-linear resistors (Metrosils).

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Isolator Auxiliary Switches

R M A B C D

a b

c d

Auxiliary switches should : 1) Close before the isolator closes 2) Open after the isolator opens In order to maintain stability on switching.

Buswires

r m

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Differential Relay Circuit

A B C N

Zone bus wires

95X 95X 95X 95 Supervision relay Bus wire short contacts

Metrosil resistors

v 87

v 87

v 87

Stabilising resistors

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Typical Trip Relay Arrangement

Double Busbar System +
In Out CSS - M1 87M2 - 1 CSS - M2 87R - 1 CSS - R
96F2

87M1 - 1
M1 M2R 96D1 96D2

87CH - 1

a1
96E

c1
96F1

b1
96G

c2
96H1 96H2

D.C. Buswires
80T

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Low Impedance Busbar Protection

Fast Modular scheme design allows relays to relate to each circuit and function of the protection. This enables the user to easily understand the principles of application. High sensitivity for phase and earth faults. Protection for each phase can be relatively independent. Earlier schemes were less stable than high impedance schemes. Modern schemes incorporate saturation detectors and are extremely stable. Duplicate measuring circuits are included. Current transformers can be : of different ratio of relatively small output shared with other protections Current transformer secondary circuits are not switched. Continuous supervision of CT circuits and constant monitoring of vital circuits are included.

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Single Bus Protection

Z1 F1 F2 BS F3 Z2 F4

F M1

F M2

BSM

F M3

F M4 Z2 ZCK

Z1 ZCK

Z1

ZCK

Z2

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Double Bus Protection

Z1 Z3 BS Z2 Z4

BC1

F1

F2

F3

F4

BC2

BCM 1
Z1 Z3 ZCK

FM 1

FM 2

BSM

FM 3

FM 4

BCM 2
Z2 Z4 ZCK

Z1

Z3

ZCK

Z2

Z4

ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.