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V.V.V. Important Solved Examples that last year Midterm 2012, There is a Question from them was in it.
Let x[n] be a real valued 5-point sequence whose 7-DFT is X(k). if Real{X(k)} is the 7-point DFT of g[n], show that g[0] = x[0], and find the relation between g[1] and x[1]. Solution Using the property

= + + + ()

= + + + ()

Since x[n] is real, X(k) consists only of a real even part and imaginary odd part.
Since G(k) is real{X(k)}, G(k) =

, and its inverse DFT gives the real even part of x(n)

g[n] = xe[n]

g[0] = xe[0] = 0.5 ( x[0] + x[-0] ) = x[0] g[1] = xe[1] = 0.5( x[1] + x[-1] ) = 0.5( x[1] + x[-1 + 7] ) = 0.5( x[1] + x[6] ) = 0.5 x[1]

note that N=7 and x[6] = 0 because x[n] is a 5-point sequence.

Q2. Sketch the finite length sequence w[n] whose 6 point DFT is W(k) = Real{X(k)}, where X(k) is the 6 point DFT of x[n]
5

-1 -2

0
-1 0 1

1
2

2
3

3
4

4
5

5
6 7

x[n] This example is so much like the last one, w[n] is the even part of x[n]
5

-1 -2

0
-1 0 1

1
2

2
3

3
4

4
5

5
6 7

w[n] Sketch the finite length sequence q[n] whose three point DFT Q(k) = X(2k) The relation between q[n] and x[n] was previously proven in sections to be q[n] = x[n] + x[n+ N/2] , where 0 <= n <= N/2 -1 . And N =6

0
-1 -2 -1 0 1

1
2

2
3

3
4

4
5

5
6 7

q[n]

Midterm 2012 Quick answers Part 1 :

A. i. large processing gain introduces lower SNR in the channel which implies more security and lower probability of detection ii. using primitive polynomials in spreading sequence generators produces maximal length sequences. iii. using FSK in FHSS allows us to use non-coherent detection at the receiver, so theres no need for synchronization between the local carrier and the hopping carrier frequency. B. i.

ii. The maximum possible number of carrier frequencies? T = 3 ===> = 5 / sec ===> = 15 / sec = = = 8 = 120 4 = 60

2500 = 5000

iii. What is the symbol error rate in terms of SNR? =

= 0.5 exp

= 0.5 exp = 0.5 exp 2 6 6

n= 2, Nh=3
2 3 2 3 = 3 1 + = 3 2 = 0.75 exp

0.25 exp 3 2

iv. if P = 1mW , No/2 = 10^-12 what is the average SNR per hop? = = 2 = = 66.66 109 3 3 = 33.33 103

= Find symbol error rate

= 3 = 105 Substitute in Pe in terms of SNR - = 0

Part 2
A. Perform linear convolution using circular convolution to x= [1 2 3] and h = [2 4 1] The answer will be y = [2 8 15 14 3] B. The circular convolution of x and h is y = [16 11 15] C. The Multipath channel problem

The final answer will be:

0.7
X: 0 Y: 0.7

0.6
X: 1 Y: 0.5 X: 1.5 Y: 0.5

0.5

0.4
X: 0.5 Y: 0.3375 X: 2 Y: 0.3

0.3

0.2
X: 1 Y: 0.1 X: 2.5 Y: 0.1125

0.1
X: 3 Y: 0

0.5

1.5

2.5

And the channel is fast, frequency selective.

D. Let x[n] be a real valued 5-point sequence whose 7-DFT is X(k). if Real{X(k)} is the 7point DFT of g[n], show that g[0] = x[0], and find the relation between g[1] and x[1]. Using the property

Since x[n] is real, X(k) consists only of a real even part and imaginary odd part. Since G(k) is real{X(k)}, G(k) = ( ) , and its inverse DFT gives the real even part of x(n)

g[n] = xe[n] g[0] = xe[0] = 0.5 ( x[0] + x[-0] ) = x[0] g[1] = xe[1] = 0.5( x[1] + x[-1] ) = 0.5( x[1] + x[-1 + 7] ) = 0.5( x[1] + x[6] ) = 0.5 x[1]
E. 1. What are the parameters used to classify the fading channels and how are they related? The Multipath channels related parameters: A channel is considered flat if Ts>>Tm or Bs <Bc and frequency selective otherwise. Where Tm is the rms delay spread (the standard deviation of the power delay profile) and is an indication to how much the channel is dispersive in time. Bc is the coherence bandwidth: the bandwidth below which the channel can be considered flat. They are related through the relations: 90% = 50 The time varying channel related parameters A channel is considered slow if Ts < Tc or Bs > f dmax and fast otherwise. Where Tc is the coherence time: the time below which the channel can be considered non varying. Fdmax: maximum Doppler shift, it is an indication to how much the channel is frequency dispersive. They are related through the relation: 90% =
1

50% = 5

ii. what is a fast, frequency non-selective channel? { Ts >> Tm and Ts > Tc } or { Bs < Bc and Bs < fdmax }

This means that the channel wont suffer ISI (no multipath effect), but a distortion will occur within the symbol time.

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Model Answer of Midterm Exam November 2011 - Part of Dr. Yasmine Fahmy Q1. A Binary data source emits binary data at a rate of Rb= 10Kbps. A QPSK modulator is used. When no SS is used, the input SNR to the receiver is 20dB. If a DSSS communication system is used with nullto-null BW of 1MHz, find: 1) The chip duration = 2 ====> = 0.5 = 0.5 1 = 500 = 1 = 2

2) The output SNR in QPSK system without SS, SNRo = SNRi = 20 dB this value will not change if SS is used (SS doesnt change the output SNR) 3) The possible reduction in the transmitted power if the minimum accepted output SNR is 12 dB Since = + + + (all values are in dB), and all the gains and path loss are constants, any reduction in the transmitted power will correspond to a reduction with the same amount in received power (and consequently in the received SNR). So, if SNR is accepted to be 12 instead of 20, a reduction of 8 dB in the transmitted power can be done. 4) The input SNR in the DSSS system after this reduction = 12 = 101.2 = 15.8489 500000 = = = = 100 0.5 0.5 10 000 = = 0.158489 = 8

Q2. The power spectral density of an unknown DS signal is observed. The carrier frequency is 1GHz. The main lobe goes to zero at 344.56 MHz. and the spacing between spectral lines is 10 kHz. Find: 1) The second zero of the main lobe

1 1 1 = 344.56 ====> = 655.44 ===> + = 1655.44

2) The chip rate 1 = 655.44 3) The number of shift registers of the PN sequence 1 = 10 1 655.44 106 = = = 65544 10 10 103 = 2 1 ====> 17 =