For Max Weber, an ideology can be referenced as a system of idea that determines by conflict or interests or comparative competition of existence,

mirrored and promos the dominant power orders. Ideologies becomes the description of consciousness types deviation, the way to feel human being world in which manipulated the fact of truth to survived and promoted a determined social class economics order. Max grouped all of truth claim are produced by philosophy, religion, legal system, political theory, moral system as the ideologies as long as the history that include in labor division and class conflict where the dominant faith custom was services dominant class. (Lavine, enisoff, !allahan "#$%&'()*. Weber explains up the human traditional history as the ideologies, persuasive religion, philosophy and legal system history grow up as the universal eternal truth for all human being, agent of powerful class and legali+ed his power and authority. ,o for example political theory of fence bourgeois as-ing freedom and e.uality, in which bringing luc- for men, but gift special political power for bourgeois. /ne 0undred 1ears of ,olitude is the story of the 2uend3a family, a clan with such complicated connections and repetitive names. 4rsula Iguar5n6s parents run away after ,ir Francis ra-e destroyed 7iohacha, and ends up in a small town in the foothills, where the 2uend3as lived. When, three hundred years later, 4rsula married her cousin, 8ose 9rcadio 2uend3a. ,he so fear having children with pig6s tails so she refuses sexual relations for a year. When :rudencio 9guilar teases 8ose 9rcadio, he retaliates by throwing a spear through his throat. 2oth 4rsula and 8ose 9rcadio feel so guilty. ;hey leave the village with some friends and arrive two years later at the edge of the mountains and establish Macondo. 4rsula and 8ose 9rcadio 2eundia have three children. ;he oldest is 8ose 9rcadio, the middle is 9ureliano or !olonel 9ureliano 2eundia and the youngest is 9maranta who

lives her whole life as a virgin girl, although she is sexually creates when caressing both her nephew 9ureliano 8ose and her grandnephew, 8ose 9rcadio (III*. 8ose 9rcadio (II* leaves with gypsies and returns many years later as a gigantic, tattooed man. !olonel 9ureliano 2uend3a is a Liberal leader in the civil wars against the !onservatives. 2oth of these men have an affair with a much older woman. :ilar ;enera, resulting in their sons 9ureliano 8ose and 9rcadio. ;he two young boys are brought into the 2uend3a house and raised by the 2uend3a women. 4rsula and 8ose 9rcadio (I* also have an adopted 7ebeca, who eats dirt and whitewash in the walls. 9n old gypsy, Mel.uiades, captures 8ose 9rcadio6s (I* imagination with new things such as ice and alchemy. 0e then disappears for awhile, returning to cure Macondo, where everyone has lost his or her memory because of an insomnia plague. Mel.uiades settles down to live in a little room in the 2uend3a household, writing a mysterious parchment that no one can understand. ;hat parchment becomes a fascination for various members of the family over the next one hundred years. Mel.uiades is the first person to die in Macondo, and so he puts the town on the map of the dead. ;hus, 8ose 9rcadio (I* comes into contact with many of the dead and goes mad, so his family ties him to a tree in the yard where he lives out most of the rest of his life. 9lthough 7ebeca and 9maranta are raised as sisters, they fall into a bitter rivalry over the handsome :ietro !respi, an Italian pianola expert. 0e chooses to marry 7ebeca, but fate and 9maranta6s bitterness -eep stepping in the way. ;hen, 8ose 9rcadio (II* returns, loo-ing very masculine and impressive, and he marries 7ebeca, who had <oined the family after he left with the gypsies. :ietro eventually begins courting 9maranta, but

she re<ects him and he commits suicide. 9maranta intentionally burns her hand and then wears a blac- bandage on it for the rest of her life as a sign of her virginity. !olonel 9ureliano 2uend3a, when he is young, cannot find a woman he wants to be with, until he meets the prepubescent 7emedios Moscote. When she reaches puberty, they marry, and she moves in with her many dolls, having a surprisingly good influence on the family. ,he cares for 9ureliano 8ose, her husband6s child by :ilar ;enera. ,he also cares for old 8ose 9rcadio (I*, who is tied to a tree and spea-ing only in Latin. ,he is the means of a truce between the old Macondo families and her father, the representative of the national government. 7emedios dies with pregnancy complications, and her picture becomes a central place in the house, with a light -ept burning for the length of the story. 9fter 7emedios6s death, !olonel 9ureliano 2uend3a reali+es he is meant to be a Liberal leader and he goes off to lead the civil war. 0e leaves his nephew, 9rcadio, in charge of the town, but the younger man becomes a virtual dictator. 9rcadio marries the gentle ,anta ,of3a de le :iedad, fathering three children before he is executed by the army. Meanwhile, !olonel 9ureliano 2uend3a, off leading the war, fathers "$ sons by various women on his travels. ;hose sons later come to the 2uend3a house to be bapti+ed. When they go to church on 9sh Wednesday, they are permanently mar-ed, and much later they are shot down by their father6s enemies right through the ash cross on their heads. !olonel 9ureliano 2uend3a, after fighting in so many wars, reali+es he was fighting for pride and he becomes a recluse in the house, ma-ing and melting down little gold fishes. ;he Liberals all come to be <ust li-e the !onservatives, and sometimes the government even wants to honor !olonel 9ureliano 2uend3a for all he did.

,anta ,of3a de le :iedad6s three children are 7emedios the 2eauty, 9ureliano ,egundo, and 8ose 9rcadio ,egundo. 7emedios the 2eauty is of legendary beauty but is so simple that she prefers nudity and is dismayed by the men who want to see her. ,he is eventually carried away to heaven by the sheets. 9ureliano ,egundo and 8ose 9rcadio ,egundo are twins who in their childhood -eep switching identities, to the point where 4rsula is convinced that they eventually traded places. Indeed, when they die of old age at the same time, their coffins are accidentally put in each other6s grave. 9ureliano ,egundo marries Fernanda de !aprio, a stuc- up woman of good lineage from the highlands. ,he is very cold and formal, and 9ureliano ,egundo -eeps a mistress, :etra !otes, in whose house he lives most of the time. Fernanda bears him three children, Meme, 8ose 9rcadio (III*, and 9maranta 4rsula. ;hey give 8ose 9rcadio to 4rsula to raise, and she is convinced he will be a :ope. 0e is sent off to 7ome to study while Meme goes to a convent to study the clavichord. ,he has a rebellious heart and ends up conducting an affair with Mauricio 2abilonia, a beautiful man who is preceded everywhere he goes by butterflies. While Mauricio is trying to snea- in to see Meme, Fernanda has him shot in the bac-. Meme stops spea-ing. Many years later, Mauricio dies a lonely death of old age, paraly+ed, while Meme dies a lonely death of old age =with her name changed and her head shaved, and without ever having spo-en a word, in a gloomy hospital in !racow> (p. )?'*. Fernanda is left to raise Meme6s child, 9ureliano. ,he tries to -eep him hidden away, but eventually 9ureliano ,egundo finds him. ,ince this grandson is only a few years younger than their own daughter, 9maranta 4rsula, they play together as children,

often using the periodically senile 4rsula as a plaything. 9ureliano ,egundo ta-es an interest in the two children and plays with them a good deal. 8ose 9rcadio ,egundo becomes a union leader at the banana company that moves in to the town and begins to exploit all its wor-ers. /ne day, after the lawyers have managed to prove such things as =the demands lac-ed all validity for the simple reason that the banana company did not have, never had had, and never would have any wor-ers in its service because they were all hired on a temporary and occasional basis> (p. )?$*, the union goes on stri-e. ;he authorities call all of the wor-ers to the train station, saying that someone is arriving to resolve the issue. Instead, they begin firing on the crowd and then pile all the bodies into a long train. 8ose 9rcadio ,egundo wa-es up on the dar-ened train, surrounded by dead people, and manages to <ump off, only to find upon his return that the authorities have managed to cover up the slaughter of over ),??? people. 8ose 9rcadio ,egundo is bro-en by this, and he goes into Mel.uiades6s study to try to read the old gypsies parchments. When the army searches the house, they cannot see him in the room. /ccasionally, Mel.uiades6s ghost comes to visit 8ose 9rcadio ,egundo, who otherwise becomes a hermit until his grand@nephew, 9ureliano, begins also come to the study. When 8ose 9rcadio ,egundo and 9ureliano ,egundo die, and his playmate 9maranta 4rsula goes off to school in 2russels, 9ureliano closes himself up in the room, trying to read the parchments that no one has yet been able to decipher. 9fter 4rsula and 9maranta die, ,anta ,of3a de le :iedad leaves forever. ;he only 2uend3as left in the house are Fernanda and 9ureliano, who does not even -now how he is connected to this family whose name he carries. Fernanda has long been engaged in writing letters to doctors far away, detailing the ailments she suffers. ;he letters do no

good because she uses euphemisms to refer to everything. ,he is also involved with a fictitious correspondence with both of her children, 9maranta 4rsula and 8ose 9rcadio (III*. ,he lies to them about how things are going in Macondo, and they lie to her about what they are doing with their lives. When she finally dies, the reclusive 9ureliano preserves her body for four months until 8ose 9rcadio (III* arrives. Areedy and shallow, 8ose 9rcadio (III* continues to restrict 9uerliano to his room while he laments the lac- of the fabulous inheritance that Fernanda had pretended existed. /nly shortly before his murder at the hands of four children he befriended does 8ose 9rcadio (III* find hidden gold and ma-e friends with 9ureliano. 9fter 8ose 9rcadio6s (III* death, 9uerliano begins to leave the house more, ma-ing a group of close friends. 0e is sorely out of touch with what passes for reality& he believes 8ose 9rcadio ,egundo6s tale that ),??? people died, rather than the official reportsB he only -nows what he has read in Mel.uiades6s parchmentsB and he does not even -now his connection to his family. 0is friends help him to begin to <oin the outside world, and he meets :ilar ;enera, who is now well past "C% years old. ,he gives him much the same affection that she has given so many other 2uend3as, but eventually she dies. 9maranta 4rsula returns with her husband Aaston, awa-ening a passion in 9ureliano. 9s neither one of them -now their blood relationship, they become lovers. When Aaston leaves for an extended trip, they lose themselves in their passion, forgetting to maintain the house or his friendships. ,he dies giving birth to their son, 9ureliano, who finally has the long expected pig6s tail. 9ureliano is stunned to reali+e how alone he has become again. 9s he watches ants carry off his son, he suddenly understands Mel.uiades6s parchments, which many others failed to comprehend because it was not yet the appropriate time. 0e runs off to the study, and as the wind pulls the 2uend3a house down around him, he reads the story of his whole

family that Mel.uiades predicted. Mel.uiades did not write linearly, but rather =had concentrated a century of daily episodes in such a way that they coexisted in one instant> (p. C'"*. 9s 9ureliano s-ips forward to read about the last of his family6s being destroyed once he finishes reading the parchment, the reader reali+es that she has been reading Mel.uiades6s manuscript.

A. Character and Characterization Major Characters Ursula Inguaran ;he 2uend3a matriarch who -eeps the story of the pig6s tail alive in the familyB as she ages, she shrin-s, until she loo-s li-e a doll and people have forgotten she is still even alive. Jose Arcadio Buenda ;he 2uend3a patriarch who marries his cousin but is prevented from consummating the marriage for months because of fears surrounding the story of the pig6s tailB discovers Macondo and -ills :rudencio 9guilar. Melquiades ;he mysterious gypsy who is the friend of 8ose 9rcadio 2uend3aB returns periodically to Macondo, even when he is thought dead. 0is parchment turns out to be the story of the 2uend3as written in ,ans-rit. Colonel Aureliano Buenda ;he first person born in Macondo, and as such can be seen as in some way characteristic of the city and the novelB is clairvoyant and prophetic. Jose Arcadio (II) ,on of 8ose 9rcadio and 4rsulaB saves his brother, !olonel 9ureliano 2uend3a from the firing s.uad but dies violently himself. Pilar Ternera ;he motherly mistress of 8ose 9rcadio (II* and !olonel 9ureliano 2uend3aB with the former she has 8ose 9rcadio (III* and with the latter she has 9ureliano 8ose. e!eca Buenda

9dopted daughter of 8ose 9rcadio 2uend3a and 4rsula and becomes the wife of 8ose 9rcadio ,egundoB is also a second cousin of 4rsula which causes 4rsula to oppose the marriage out of fear of the incest curse. A"aranta Buenda ;he daughter of 8ose 9rcadio 2uend3a and 4rsulaB considered strange. Jose Arcadio (III) ;he son of :ilar ;ernera and 8ose 9rcadio (II*B is called 9rcadio for shortB is a cruel leader in Macondo. Aureliano Jose ;he son of :ilar ;ernera and !olonel 9ureliano 2uend3aB falls in love with 9maranta (his aunt*. #anta #o$a de la Piedad ;he mother of 7emedios the 2eauty and the twins 8ose 9rcadio ,egundo and 9ureliano ,egundo, with 8ose 9rcadio (III*. e"edios the Beaut% ;he daughter of 8ose 9rcadio (III* and ,anta ,of3aB ascends to heaven. Aureliano #egundo ;he twin of 8ose 9rcadio ,egundo and the son of ,anta ,of3a de la :iedad and 8ose 9rcadio (III*B he is the rec-less and passionate lover. Jose Arcadio #egundo is the twin of 9ureliano ,egundo and the son of ,anta ,of3a de la :iedad and 8ose 9rcadio (III*B leads stri-es among banana wor-ers. &ernanda del Car'io ;he proud wife of 9ureliano ,egundo, heir to 4rsulaDs control of the house. Petra Cotes ;he mistress of 9ureliano ,egundo and 8ose 9rcadio ,egundo. Jose Arcadio (I()

;he sic-ly son of 9ureliano ,egundo and Fernanda del !arpio who is sent off by 4rsula to seminary in 7ome with the hopes that he will become popeB he drops out but stays in 7ome as a dandy while writing bac- saying that he is studying. enata e"edios ;he daughter of 9ureliano ,egundo and Fernanda del !arpioB called Meme for shortB is the mother of 9ureliano 2uend3a with Mauricio 2abilonia. Mauricio Ba!ilonia ;he father of 9ureliano 2abilonia. Aureliano Ba!ilonia ;he son of 7enata Memedios and Mauricio 2abiloniaB continues the translation of Mel.uide6s parchmentB is the father, with his aunt, of the 9ureliano with the pig6s tail. ;hus, he is responsible for the deciphering of the family narrative and the destruction of the family narrative. A"aranta Ursula ;he mother of the pig tailed baby with her nephew, 9ureliano 2abilonia. Aureliano ;he name given to the last of the 2uend3as, the son of 9ureliano 2abilonia and his aunt, 9maranta 4rsula. 0e is born with the pig6s tail and is carried away by ants.

When !olonel 9ureliano 2uend3a stands in front of a firing s.uad, this scene can be found in& =!olonel 9ureliano had been condemned to death and the sentence would be carried out in Macondo as a lesson to the population>. =8ose 9rcadio loo-ed out the window and saw him tremulous in the light of down. 0e already had his hand bac- to the wall and his hands were on his hips because the burning -nots in his armpits would not let him lower them> (Mar.ue+, "##%&"'%E")'*.

;here are many great violent deaths throughout the novel. /ne of them is the murder of seventeen of the colonelDs own children in one night. ;his scene can be seen in page& =0e had seventeen male children by seventeen different women and they were exterminated one after the other on single night before the oldest one had reached the age of thirty@five> (Mar.ue+, "##%&"?$*. 9nother evidence of colonel6s male children murder scene can be found in these sentences& =9ureliano ;riste was leaving the house with his mother at seven in the evening when a rifle shot came out of the dar-ness and perforated his forehead. 9ureliano !enteno was found in hammoc- that he was accustomed to hung up in the factory with an ice pic- between his eyebrows driven up in to handle. 9ureliano ,errador had left his girl friend at her parents6 house after having ta-en her to the movies and was returning through the well lighted street of the ;ur-s when someone in the crowd who was never identified fired a revolver shot which -noc-ed him down over a caldron of boiling lard. 9 few minutes later someone -noc-ed at the door of the room where 9ureliano 9rcara was shut up with a woman and shouted to him& Fhurry up, they are -illing your brothers6. ;he woman who was with him said later after that 9ureliano 9rcara <umped out of bed and opened the door and was greeted with the discharge of a mouser that split his head open> (Mar.ue+, "##G&'C?@'C"*.

In this conflict, !olonel 8ose 9rcadio 2eundia seventeen sons are hunted down by invisible criminals who aim at the center of their crosses of ash. ;he solution

!arl ,enna ("#(C&"C*, a professor at 0arvard 4niversity, states the biggest source of conflict is man versus himself, a battle that the people ultimately cannot win. ;he writer clearly discovers that in Macondo conflict covers in every scene. When newcomers arrive in Macondo, they often bring problems that cause conflicts for the residents of Macondo. For example, the arrival of young 7ebeca brings with it the strange

illness of insomnia, where none of the residents has any need to sleep and their memories start to fade away at the same time. ;his scene can bee proven in page& =;hat ,unday in fact, 7ebeca arrived. ,he was only eleven years old. ,he had made the difficult trip from manure with some hide dealers who had ta-en on the tas- of delivering her along with a letter to 8ose 9rcadio.> =;hey -ept her because there was nothing else they could do. ;hey decide to call her 7ebeca, which according to letter was her mother6s name.........> =9long time passed before 7ebeca became incorporated into the life of the family.> (Mar.ue+, "##%&#GE#$*. ;his is one of example =man versus himself> conflict. When the first time 7ebeca comes to Macondo, she <ust a little girl and -nows nothing about the plague that she is suffer. 2ut a few years later, insomnia stri-e Macondo6 residents. Hvery one sleep on their feet, in other word, if the residents try to ma-e themselves tire automatically they will fall into sleep but they are wrong because they do not feel tire at all. ;he most terrible of this illness is the memory disappearance. ;his scene can be seen in page& =2ut the Indian woman explained that the most fearsome part of sic-ness of Insomnia was not the impossibility of sleeping, for the body did not feel any fatigue at all, but its inexorable evolution toward a more critical manifesto& a loss of memory.> =;hey had indeed contracted the illness of insomnia, 4rsula who had learned from her mother the medical value of plants, prepared and made them all drin- a brew of mon-shood, but they could not get to sleep and pent the whole day dreaming on their feet> (Mar.ue+, "##%&#(*. =2ut a few days later he discovered that he had trouble remembering almost every ob<ect in the laboratory. ;hen he mar-ed them their respective names so that all he had to was In this conflict, residents of Macondo deal with some -ind of invisible opponent, a disease. In solving the conflict, the residents already try some attempts. ;hey are ma-ing themselves tire, creating ineffective medicine potion that can help them falling to sleep and putting the label on every items in order to remember the using of items in the

city. 2ut such of these resolutions can not ma-e them solving the conflict. 4ntil Mel.uiades, a gypsy, comes to Macondo and gives the effective medicine potion to the residents of Macondo. Mel.uiades and his potion play role as resolution of conflict. =........................................................ )istorical 'er$ecti*e in One Hundred Years of Solitude One Hundred Years of Solitude has connections with a particular peopleDs historical reality, in this case the development of the Latin 9merican country of !olombia since its independence from ,pain in the early nineteenth century ("("? to "('%*. ;he seemingly endless civil war portrayed in the novel one can see as directly based on the civil wars in !olumbia from "((% to "#?', and the character of !olonel 9ureliano has many affinities with Aeneral 7afael 4ribe 4ribe, under whom the grandfather of the author fought. 4ribeDs struggles ended in "#?' with the ;reaty of Ieerlandia, an event in the novel. ;he years "#?? to "#'( saw the ta-e over of !olombia by the united Fruit !ompany of 2oston. ;he ensuing labour trouble culminated on /ctober $, "#'(, in a mass stri-e of )',??? wor-ers. ;he government later sent out the troops to fight the wor-ers, and a massacre too- place in !ienaga on ecember %, "#'(.

In addition of course, and most importantly for an understanding of the novel, is the presence in it of the authorDs family and of the author himself. ;his point, as I shall argue later, is a -ey point in understanding what the political point of this epic might be.

7esponding 4nited Fruit, one finds a government more worried with halting a !ommunist revolution than with improving the wor-ers6 living conditions. With each of the largest stri-es ("#'$ and "#'(*, the government assumed the role of the arbiter only to end the conflict with the use of force. /nly the most radical members of the Liberal :arty and the ,ocialist :arty openly denounced the government6s actions as selling out to 9merican interests. ;he government <ustified its actions by arguing that a !ommunist revolution had been avoided. 9mong those who supported the government6s actions was Minister Montalvo, who spread fears of wor-ers reading =alarming 2olshevi- tracts.> ;he Liberal newspaper El Tiempo, added that =the ,oviet spirit is as foreign to our people as the :rotestant spirit, and the very painful proof has been the Magdalena stri-e. 7egarding labor relations, the government behaved similarly in labor conflicts in both the banana and oil sectors. ;his !onservative government sent troops to the stri-ing areas and claimed that !olombia was in danger of falling in the hands of the 2olshevi-s. ;he period in which the government repressed the large stri-es against ;ropical ("#'$* and 4nited Fruit ("#'(* coincides with a time of strong nationalism from the government in the oil sector. ;he !onservatives were aware of their decreasing popularity and the perception that the country had fallen into the clutches of 9merican multinationals or was a puppet of 4, interests. In "#'$, Minister Montalvo, tried to increase the royalties paid by foreign multinationals from "?J to "%J. ;ropical, however, re<ected the idea, forcing Montalvo to loo- for other means to increase the government6s bargaining power with the company. Montalvo6s strategy was to secretly approach 9nglo@:ersian and negotiate a concession with them in the 4rab5 region close to the :anama border. ;he government

signed a contract with 9nglo@:ersian6s secret envoy, colonel 0.I.F. 1ates in 8uly "#'$. ;his contract, however, still needed the final approval of !ongress. Montalvo wanted to use the recently expired 2arco !oncession to attract the 2ritish. ;he 2arco !oncession, in a territory close to the Kene+uela border, had been awarded to the !arib ,yndicate in "#"(, but since the company did not comply with its obligations to exploit the oil within the time stipulated its concession was declared null in "#'G. ;his briefly caused protests from the 4, epartment of ,tate. ;he secret contract between 1ates and the !olombian government was filtered to the press causing an outrage in both the 4, companies and the opposition represented by the Liberal :arty.

;he Liberals and !onservatives are real parties in !olombia, and events such as Lthe violenceL which Mar.ue+ lived through and the ;housand ays Wars, which Mar.ue+Ds grandfather fought in, influenced the boo-, thus its based in factual accounts, turned magical to create fiction. Learn the history behind it and the culture, because as long as you stic- to Lthe dead White MenL who supposedly won the Lculture war,L it will be hard for you to understand this world outside Hurope and the 4,9. Aabriel himself studied and read these Ldead White MenL and they even influeced his writing, but heDs Latino, not Huropean. onDt try to impose views, understand people, but as they say, ignorance is bliss. Colo"!ia in nineteenth +,-.s /cono"ic !olombiaDs economic life has been based on exports of primary goods, especially coffee. 2y the "(G?s, coffee had emerged as the -ey export crop. 9t the turn of the century, tariffs on coffee exports were the main source of government tax. ;he profits of the coffee trade were the ma<or source of investment. 9lthough the industrial sector grew

sufficiently to induce urbani+ation and economic moderni+ation in the first half of the twentieth century, industrial exports remained relatively minor compared with coffee, which in the late "#(?s still accounted for almost G? percent of all export earnings. Hconomic moderni+ation, supported by the coffee industry, became significant at the turn of the century. Moderni+ation brought social changes and growing demands that produced various challenges to the dominant position of the traditional elite& the populist movements of the "#C?s and "#$?s, the military dictatorship of the "#%?s, the rise of guerrilla activity in the "#G?s through the "#(?s, and the emergence of drug traffic-ers as a ma<or economic and social element in the "#$?s and "#(?s. ;he increase in industriali+ation and the migration of peasants to the cities accelerated the rate of urbani+ation and the formation of urban wor-ing and lower classes.

0a!or #tri1e in +,-2 ;he Santa Marta Massacre, in ,panish, matanza de las bananeras was a massacre of wor-ers for the 4nited Fruit !ompany that occurred on ecember G, "#'( in the town of !iMnaga near ,anta Marta, !olombia. 9 thousand of wor-ers died after the government decided to send the military forces to end a month long stri-e organi+ed by the wor-ersD union in order to demand better wor-ing conditions.

9n army regiment from 2ogot5 was dispatched by the government to deal with the stri-ers, which it deemed to be subversive. Hven today, whether these troops were sent in at the behest of the 4nited Fruit !ompany is a matter of debate. ;he troops set up their machine guns on the roofs of the low buildings at the corners of the main s.uare, closed off the access streets, and after a five minute warning opened fire into a dense ,unday crowd of wor-ers and their wives and children who had gathered, after ,unday Mass, to wait for an anticipated address from the governor

!olombia is a middle@income country with a wealth of natural resources, yet nearly G? percent of the population lives in poor.

Faru-, "##C, Pengantar Sosiologi Sastra: ari Stru!turalisme "eneti! Sampai Post Moderenisme, 1ogya-arta, :usta-a :ela<ar.