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Unit 5 MODALS - DEGREES OF CERTAINTY Exercise 1 Complete the sentences using can/cant or may (not). 1. She says she . come to the meeting. Shes too busy. 2. wheres Diane today? She be ill. 3. I . read that fax. It isnt very clear. 4. Im so tired I fall asleep in class. 5. I .. come to work tomorrow. If I Ill let you know. 6. What are you doing this weekend? We go to the country. Weve not decided yet. 7. I think you . get the job. The boss liked you a lot. Exercise 2 Rewrite the sentences using may / may not 1. Perhaps hes tired. 2. They will probably move to the country. 3. Maybe youll find his address in my diary. 4. Its possible she wont pass the exam. 5. Perhaps they are angry with you. 6. Perhaps your car needs to be repaired. 7. They will probably change their mind. 8. Perhaps you are too strict with your son. Exercise 3 Complete the dialogue expressing hypotheses about what Jack might do to earn some money in summer. Jack: I really need some money to go on holiday)

You: (work as dishwasher in a restaurant) ________________________________ Jack: Oh, no. Thats too tiring. Id like an easy job. You: (apply for a summer job at a supermarket) ____________________________ Jack: Thats a good idea. Is it well paid? You: ( not too bad salary) __________________________________________ Jack: Which supermarket do you think I should apply for? You: (try Sainsburys) ___________________________________________ Exercise 4 Say what might have happened in these situations. 1. We left home too late. (miss the train) __________________________________________ 2. You shouldnt have been so rude to her. (feel hurt) _______________________________ 3. Why did you leave the baby alone? (be kidnapped) ________________________________ 4. She shouldnt have gone there without a map. (get lost) ________________________ 5. Why did you leave the window open? (burglars break into the house) ____________________________ 1. You shouldnt have climbed that tree. (fall off) ___________________________________ 2. Why did you leave the water running? (it / overflow from the bath) _____________________________________ Exercise 5 Finish the sentences using a modal expressing hypotheses and a suitable verb.

1. I . that book, but I didnt really want to. 2. they have lots of money. They .that house but they decided not to. 3. The students .. the exam if they had studied more. 4. Susan .. at that party last night. I saw her at the cinema with teddy. 5. My brother .. you the money. Why didnt you ask him? 6. The exam was too difficult for me. I .it. 7. We ..you at the airport. We have just sold our car. Exercise 6 Express deductions using must or cant. Ex.. Johns ill. (be at home) He must be at home. He cant be at work. 1. I think I have just seen Annie. (Shes on holiday) _____________________________ 1. This is Johns car. Its a Twingo. (Johns car is a Fiesta) _____________________________ 1. Is this Marys husband? (Mary is divorced) ______________________________ 1. Im sure I have passed the exam. (You didnt study anything) __________________________________ 1. Helens got a new car. (She has received a lot of money from her parents) ___________________________________ Unit 6 OBLIGATION AND PROHIBITION, NECESSITY AND PERMISSION Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with must/have to/ mustnt or cant. 1) You get into a church if you dont wear proper clothes. 2) You ..................... wear a warm coat; its very cold outside.

3) You really go and see that film; its fantastic! 4) The teacher told Jim he . concentrate more on mathematics. 5) You be so naughty, especially when granny comes to see us. 6) I go on a diet or Ill throw away all my clothes. Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with must or have to. 1) Im not well at all; I really go and see a doctor. 2) You come and stay with us a bit longer next summer. 3) The workers in that factory wear helmets all the time: thats the regulation. 4) You stop making fun of her. 5) People keep off the grass in this park. 6) I really stop working so much. Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with mustnt or dont have to, neednt or dont need to. 1) You make any noise after ten oclock. 2) If you stay in a hotel, you to bring your towels with you. 3) Students .. to wear a uniform in Italy. 4) You call Jane, Mark has already done it. 5) Children be left alone in front of the TV. 6) You . to take a degree to become rich.. Exercise 4 Fill in the blanks with neednt have + past participle or didnt need to. 1) We had plenty of wine; she bring another bottle. 2) As there was plenty of time they could walk to the station; they take a

taxi. 3) There was a washing machine in the flat they had rented at the seaside, so they do the washing up. 4) Im sorry you are so tired; you stay up so late last night, I had already written the report myself. 5) You run all the way to the station; theres a strike and no train is leaving until tomorrow.. 6) As Jane liked the idea I convince her. Exercise 5 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets so that the second sentence has a similar meaning to the first. 1)My granny always recommends to say thank you too everybody. (must) You 2) There was plenty of food for the party; it wasnt necessary to buy more. (need) They ... 3) Theres no need to behave so formally. (have) You . 4) It is very important for me to help my sister with her homework. (must) I .. 5) It isnt allowed to walk dogs in that park. (can) You ... 6) The test will be easy; theres no need to worry. (have) She .. Exercise 6 For each of the following situations write a mini-dialogue to ask for/grant or deny a permission; dont forget to use the most appropriate verb.

You are on holiday; your family and you arrive at a camping site and have your dog with you. Could we keep our dog with us? Yes, you can 1) You are in a clothes shop and you want to try a jumper on. ___________________________________________________________________ 2) You have finished your homework and ask your mum if you can go out. _______________________________________________________________ 3) You have a Maths test and ask your elder brother to help you study. ______________________________________________________________ 4) You are in a supermarket and see an old lady who cant manage to reach a packet of biscuits placed on a high shelf; you want to help her _________________________________________________________________ 5) You are at the post office and you have to sign a document; you ask the employee for a pen. _________________________________________________________________