VpiVpi _1 _1 V ref Vref T = 2 2T = T T T= f f Vp T1 =1 Vav Vav f ! V ss V ! V ss between depending upon the value of ref .

Hence circuit becomes SMPS system Vp where Vav V $ ref Vss$ V V ref V = 1 _1 V V i x av ssp . Vp =V ref p = f T 2 x x The goal of the experiment is to design a high-efficient DC-DC converter using Vref Vref T T V T If we replace LC filter with MOSFET, and apply audio input as ref to the comparator a general purpose OP-Amp and a comparator and study its characteristics. T T of the MOSFET amplified audio xoutput x T = 1 output f then at is obtained, 1 this is Class D x We also aim to study the characteristics of a DC-DC converter IC, and for = 2 _1 - Vref Vpi T V av Power Amplifier operation. this purpose we selected the wide-input non synchronous buck DC/DC T ! Vss controller TPS40200 from Texas Instruments. This IC is included in ASLK T =1 f PRO as evaluation module. Vav = - Vref $ Vss Vp Vav x Vref ! Vss T x T Vp Vav = - Vref $ Vss Vp Design a DC-DC converter which has 10 kHz oscillator whose f triangular wave output x Vref is connected to with peak amplitude Vp is fed to a comparator whose other input VrefT x T Vref (reference voltage). 1 1 V V x T = 2 _ - ref pi T The reader will benefit from viewing the recorded lecture at [24]. Also refer to the application note, Design Considerations for Class-D Audio Power Amplifiers [15]. T =1 f Vp Vav Vp p Vp Function generator is the basic block for DC-DC converter. V The triangular output f Vp ! Vss Vp f f f is fed to the of the function Vref f generator with peak amplitude Vp and frequency Vav = - Vref $ Vss Vp f comparator input is connected to the reference voltage Vref. Vref Vref Vref The output f 1 _1 other x whose V ref x V V i ref p of this comparator is the PWM (Pulse width modulation) waveform whose duty cycle Obtain the time response the system and plot Vref versus T Vref . T =2 1 x 1_ x of 1 x - Vref Vref V_1 V 1 pi Vref Vpi = ref Vpi = 1 _ 1 x = T T 2 T wave T 2 1 V V 2 and is is given by period of triangular 1 1 x x T = 2 _ - ref pi , where T is time x 1 _1 V TV V V T p ref Vpi T = T T = 2 _ - ref pi 1 f . This duty cycle is directly proportional equal to T =T T 2 to reference voltage Vref. T f T = 1offT T =1 f f T at the output =1 If we connect low-pass filter (LC filter) the comparator Vav Tthe f = 1lossless T =1 f V V ref as shown ! in Figure 9.1, it is possible to get stable DC voltage Obtain the high efficiency versus Vav characteristics. av withV T =1 f av VssVav Vav 1 1 ! x ! Vss ! Vss Vav Vav = VVss V !VssVref $ Vss Vp T = 2 _ - ref pi ! Vss $ VVav = - Vref Vav = - Vref $ Vss Vp ss Vref p $ Vss Vp ! Vss av = x Vav = - Vref $ Vss Vp T V Vav = - Vref $ Vss Vp T ref x x x Vav = - Vref $ V ss Vp V V T =1 f x Tx Vref T ref T Vref T ref x T x Vref Vav Vref x T x T x T T T x T T x ! Vss x T Vav = - Vref $ Vss Vp

experiment 9

Goal of the experiment

9.2 Specifications

9.1 Brief theory and motivation

9.3 Measurements to be taken

9.3.1 Time response

9.3.2 Transfer function

Function Generator

+VSS Vg -VSS Vref VO L Vav C RL

Vref

x T

Figure 9.1: DC-DC Converter and PWM waveform page 52

Analog System Lab Kit PRO

+ VG1 U2

VF1

R1

VF2

1 2 3 4

f time response and transfer characteristics Simulate the circuits and obtain the of the system. Vref 1 1 V Vi x - ref p T = 2 _ and Take the plots of transfer characteristics time response from oscilloscope Vp T and compare it with simulation results. f T =1 f
Plot the average output voltage Vav as a function of reference voltage Vref and Vp Vp obtain the plot; the plot will be linear. 1 1 V V x ! Vss f T = 2 _ - ref pi f Vav = - Vref $ Vss Vp T the Plot the duty cycle Vref as a function of reference voltage Vref and obtain x Vref T = 1off 1 _1 plot, the plot will be x linear. We have included the typical output waveform T Vpi 1 1 V x - Vref ref Vpi T = 29.2 T = 2_ - V x T av the SMPS circuit in Figure T T ! Vss T =1 f TVoltage = 1Vp f S.No. Reference Voltage Output Vav = - Vref $ Vss Vp Vav Vav f x V 1 ! Vss T ref ! Vss Vref x Vav = - Vref $ Vss Vp $ Vss T Vav = Vp x Vref 1 _1 - Vref Vpi = 2 T 2 x x V V T ref T ref T 3 x T x T T =1 f Vav 4 ! Vss
x

R3

R4

C1

R2

U1 V2

Figure 9.2: (a) SMPS Circuit (b) Output Waveforms

Vav =converter - Vref $ Vss Vp Table 9.1: Variation of output voltage with reference voltage in a DC-DC
S.No. 1 2 3 4 Table 9.2: Variation of duty cycle with reference voltage in a DC-DC converter Reference Voltage Duty Cycle x T

Vref

9.5 Exercise Set 9

Perform the same experiment with the specialized IC for DC-DC converter from Texas Instrument TPS40200 and compare the characteristics of both systems.

Analog System Lab Kit PRO

page 53

experiment 9

9.4 What should Vyou submit