CHEMICAL STORAGE

Flammable Solid Metallic sodium and potassium should be kept fully subme !ed in oil "ke osene o ke osene#$ %hich is fa f om a&ueous solutions' (hospho us "yello%# must be kept completely in the %ate and do not allo% to d y' Sto a!e of these ob)ects should be checked f e&uently to ensu e that it is fully subme !ed in li&uid' "The use of yello% phospho us is not encou a!ed in schools#' St on! o*idi+in! a!ents "e! chlo ate$ pe chlo ic$ man!anate$ pe o*ide$ nit ic acid# must be kept a%ay f om mate ials that easily o*idi+ed'

The table , belo% sho%s some of flammable solids %ith ha mful effects$ sto a!e and disposal$ especti-ely'

Chemicals Lithium$ Sodium$ (otassium

Ha mful Effects React e*plosi-ely %ith %ate React acti-ely %ith tet achlo omethane Acti-ely bu nin!

Sto a!e and .isposal Sto ed in pa affin "ke osene# Reacts %ith ethanol befo e bein! discha !ed Must be kept a%ay f om o*idi+in! a!ents such as nit ate$ chlo ate$ pe chlo ic and pe o*ide Must be kept a%ay f om o*idi+in! a!ents'

Ma!nesium$ +inc$ i on$ aluminium po%de

Sulfu

Sulfu p oduces a poisonous !as %hen heated /o m e*plosi-e mi*tu es %ith metal po%de o o*idi+in! a!ents such as chlo ate

Chemicals 0ello% phospho us (hospho us t ichlo ide$ silicon tet achlo ide$ aluminum chlo ide

Ha mful Effects Immediately bu n %hen e*posed to ai React e*plosi-ely %ith %ate

Sto a!e and .isposal Must be kept in %ate (hospho us t ichlo ide is a hi!hly to*ic li&uid and e*pe iments must be done in fume cupboa ds'

Flammable liquid A lot of flammable li&uids as found in a bottle 12incheste 1 should be kept at the lo%est le-el in the closet' This closet should ha-e ed!e to p e-ent the li&uid flo%in! out of the b oken bottle' These li&uids must be sto ed in containe s and must be p otected f om the hot coals and sou ce of elect icity fo steam e*plosion' The li&uid must be heated %ith a %ate bath' 3eep flammable li&uids f om any sou ce of i!nition' Table 4 sho%s some flammable li&uids$ as %ell as thei flash point'

Chemical ( opane .iethyl Ethe .imethyl Ethe Ca bon disulfide Acetone Methanol Ethanol

/lash point5C 6,78 689 68, 6:7 6,; ,7 ,7

Corrosive Chemicals E*amples of chemicals is co osi-e is concent ated acids such as nit ic acid$ hyd ochlo ic acid$ sulfu ic acid$ ethanoic acid$ methanoic acid$ concent ated ammonia$ concent ated hyd o!en pe o*ide$ methanol$ phenol$ li&uid b omine$ potassium pe man!anate "<II# and sil-e nit ate ' A-oid bodily contact %ith these mate ials' Handlin! chemicals should be done in the fume chambe to %ea safety !lasses and safety !lo-es' If some body contact %ith co osi-e chemicals$ the affected pa t should immediately be insed %ith e*cess %ate ' =sually$ if p actical in-ol-in! co osi-e chemicals %ith o !anic mate ial$ only small &uantities a e used. Toxic Chemicals E*pe iments %ith poison !as in the chambe must be done in fume chambe ' =se the pipette to suck out the poisonous li&uid' A pe son %ho uses poisonous chemicals must %ea safety !lasses and ubbe safety !lo-es' Afte the e*pe iment$ the hands should be %ashed' If the eyes to skin contact %ith to*ic chemicals$ %ash immediately %ith plenty of %ate ' As a step fu the t eatment$ the medical office should be a-ailable' Safety Rules Chemicals$ the follo%in! has the effect can be se-e e' The efo e$ secu ity measu es must be conside ed' "i# Aniline easily abso bs into the skin' "ii# Benzene if inhaled a little bit fo a pe iod of time can be to*ic' It can also be abso bed into the skin' If possible it should be eplaced by less to*ic substances such as toluene o *ylene' "iii# Bromine -apo is ha+a dous to the eyes$ nose and lun!s' It is also dan!e ous %hen in contact %ith skin' "i-# Carbon disulphide can be abso bed into the skin and its -apo is hi!hly to*ic' It is hi!hly flammable and has a lo%e flame tempe atu e' "-# Tetrachloromethane is poisonous and can be abso bed into the skin' "-i# Chloroform is poisonous and can be abso bed into the skin'

"-ii# Hydro en Sulfide same poisonous as hyd o!en cyanide$ but it is not a poison that ose' It must be used only in a fume chambe only' "-iii# !ercury must be heated only in the fume chambe $ but p efe ably not heated di ectly' The -apo is -e y dan!e ous' "i*# Sulfur "ioxide is poisonous' Stora e re ulations Sto a!e of chemicals shall be in acco dance %ith the follo%in! ules > "i# All chemical ea!ent bottles must be labeled clea ly and the label to be checked f om time to time' /o to*ic substances and ha+a dous chemical symbols a e used'

"ii# Chemicals should not be kept in the labo ato y but must be sto ed in chemical compounds %ith !ood ai ci culation' "iii# <olatile li&uids and othe ha+a dous li&uids shall be kept in a special place fi ep oof' "i-# To*ic chemicals should be sto ed in a locked cupboa d in the sto e' Its use must be eco ded' "i-# In the labo ato y a e not encou a!ed to sa-e mo e than 977cm: li&uid' Old chemicals that cannot be used a!ain to be a sou ce of dan!e "e!$ e*plosion#' It must be t eated as the co ect %ay'

Security #ractices for Chemical Spill

Any spilla!e of chemicals is dan!e ous$ because they cause a fi e$ accident and p oduce to*ic fumes' "i# . y solid mate ials> The mate ial is applied$ collected and ente ed in the app op iate %aste containe ' "ii# Solution "Acid#> Spills of acid solution to the e*cess %ate ' Solid sodium hyd o!en ca bonate o solution can be used to neut ali+e the spilled acid esidues and then %ashed %ith %ate ' @ote> 2hen %ate is pou ed o-e concent ated sulfu ic acid spill$ %ith a -ie% to clean$ heat !ene ation and acid splash' /lush %ith plenty of %ate to dilute the acid and this %ill educe the p oducts of heat and acid splash' Alkaline solution> Spills should be %ashed %ith alkaline solution e*cess %ate di ectly into the d ain' @ote> The solution is alkaline %ill cause the floo to be slippe y' Sp inkle sand o-e the spill and clean' i# Mate ial oily Oil spills should be %iped %ith a cloth and continue to be emo-ed' Mop a ea of spill %ith soap and %ate and %ipe until d y' ii# Easy <olatile Sol-ents> Spills of -olatile sol-ents a e -olatile -e y &uickly' This spill may cause fi e$ e*plosion$ o sho tness of b eath' Cleanin! methods a e as follo%s> "a# If the spill is small$ %ipe %ith a cloth and th o% the cloth into a suitable %aste containe ' and b# Spills must be clean until d y "( oceed as abo-e method "i#'

iii# Me cu y> Me cu y spills a common sou ce of me cu y -apo in labo ato y ai ' If me cu y is spilled make su e %indo%s$ doo s opened so that the e is ade&uate ai ci culation' If spill %ho occu is a little$ si!ht of the of me cu y %ith po%de sulfu ' Me cu y collecto can be used to collect a lot of me cu y' A Caution> 2ea safety !lo-es %hen cleanin! up any spilla!e' "isposal A list of to*ic chemicals and t eatment o disposal method that co esponds to him to be held in the labo ato y' .isposal of to*ic chemicals must fi st be efe ed to the Minist y of Science$ Technolo!y and En-i onment fo the dominant ad-ice'