JABATAN PEMBANGUNAN KEMAHIRAN

KEMENTERIAN SUMBER MANUSIA

ARAS 7 & 8 BLOK D4, KOMPLEKS D
PUSAT PENTADBIRAN KERAJAAN PERSEKUTUAN
62502 PUTRAJAYA

KERTAS PENERANGAN
INFORMATION SHEET
KOD DAN NAMA
PROGRAM / PROGRAM
CODE AND NAME

I-031-3 VOCATIONAL TRAINING OFFICER

TAHAP / LEVEL

L3

NO DAN TAJUK MODUL/ M01 INTRODUCTION TO TEACHING AND LEARNING

MODULE NO AND TITLE

NO DAN PERNYATAAN
TUGASAN / TASK(S) NO
AND STATEMENT

OBJEKTIF MODUL /
MODUL OBJECTIVE

NO KOD / CODE NO

04.01 FACILITATE TRAINING/LEARNING

04.02 MOTIVATE TRAINEE
04.03 MENTOR TRAINEE
04.04 COACH TRAINEE
04.05 SUPERVISE TRAINEE
04.06 COUNSEL TRAINEE
INTRODUCE INSTRUCTOR TO TEACHING AND
LEARNING SKILLS USING NOSS, COURSE OF STUDY,
INSTRUCTOR/TRAINEE PROFILE, RECORD OF PRIOR
LEARNING, CONDUCIVE FACILITIES, MOTIVATIONAL
RESOURCES (I.T COURSEWARE AND SOFTWARE,
PAMPHLETS, AVA) SO THAT TRAINING / LEARNING
NEEDS IDENTIFIED, FACILITATION PREPARED AND
EXECUTED CANDIDATE TO BE MOTIVATED IDENTIFIED,
METHOD OF MENTORING SELECTED AND MENTORING
PROCESSES IMPLEMENTED, ATTENTION CREATED,
INTEREST DEVELOPED AND DESIRED EXPECTATION
IMPLEMENTED SUPERVISION SELECTED AND
SUPERVISION PROCESSES IMPLEMENTED, METHOD OF
COUNSELING SELECTED AND COUNSELING
PROCESSES IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH JOB
SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARD
OPERATION PROCEDURES, MOTIVATIONAL
REQUIREMENTS, MENTORING REQUIREMENTS AND
CANDIDATE NEEDS, COACHING REQUIREMENTS AND
CANDIDATE NEEDS, SUPERVISION REQUIREMENTS AND
CANDIDATE NEEDS AND COUNSELING REQUIREMENTS
AND CANDIDATE NEEDS.
I-031-3/M01/P(2/21)

TAJUK / : HOW PEOPLE LEARN

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TOPIC
TUJUAN / :
PURPOSE
Instructing is helping others to learn in order to help others learn, the instructor must
understand, know and apply the learning process in his daily work. The correct application of
the multi sensory approach during instructing and understanding than many ways how people
learn

will

definitely

assist

in

making

instructing/learning

more

effective.

The

instructor/supervisor should study this information sheet carefully because its provides all
these informations.

INFORMATION
Definition of learning
Learning is define as, The change that takes place in an individuals behavior when new skill or
knowledge is acquired. Close inspection of the definition brings out two key elements, as
follows
a. Learning is the acquisition of new skill or knowledge;
b. Learning results in a change in an individuals behavior.
In other words, the learner acquires new skill or knowledge that he did not have before. As
a result of acquiring new skill or knowledge, a change takes place in the way he behaves in
given situations.

AFFECTS OF INTRUCTING/LEARNING
The two key elements of learning make it clear that learning is an active process in the part
of the learner. So, trainees in industrial trade training must take an active part in the
Instructing/learning activities in order for learning to take place. This means that an instructor
cannot give the trainees a new skill simply by telling it. He cannot give them new knowledge
simply by telling it.
The trainees must certainly learn about new skills and knowledge from the instructor by
seeing and hearing but, in addition, they must pass through some experience which will
change their ways of acting and thinking.

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In short, the ones who are to learn must:

1. Attempt to use the skills and knowledge themselves;
2. Do something which will cause their muscles and minds to take on new ways of behaving.
It is only when trainees are engaged in putting into practice what they have seen, heard, or
read that the Learning process becomes complete.
Whether learning is easy are engaged or difficult, or successful or unsuccessful, depends on:
1. The way in which the tranees see skills performed;
2. How he hears and reads information;
3. How he attempts to practice what he has seen, heard, or read.
Consequently, whether learning really takes place depends on;
1. The trainees passing through the necessary learning experience;
2. The way in which they take part in these experience.
The final point about learning is that it begin with what the trainees know, not with what the
instructor knows.
LEARNING THROUGH THE SENSES
Importance of the senses
The learning process is the result of a using his mind to acquire, ideas, skills and
Principles Which are new to him. Needed, however, are channel of communication to
The mind. To fulfill the need, people have sense organs which act as Gateways to
The channels of communication to the mind.
Therefore, it is said that people communicate by means of their organs of senses
Are more important to learning than others. In order to show the relationship, the
senses are listed below with the percentages estimated for the proportion of learning
For which each sense provides the Gateway to the mind.
Sense of sight (Visual) 75%
Sense of hearing (Auditory) 13%
Sense of touch (Tactile) 6%
Sense of taste (Gustatory) 3%
Sense of smell (Olfactory) 3%

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Another sense which is not universally recognized is the kinesthetic sense.

The implications for job skill training instructors are many. For one thing, the nature
of the trade, or job, or operation in trade, might well call on one of the lower-rated
Senses far more than the estimated percentage indicate. In job skill training, the
Senses of touch are certainly used far more broadly than the 6% indicates.
Consequently, the instructor must be most expert in:
1. Using the senses which are most important to the trainee in a specific learning
Situation.
2. Stimulating these senses as often as possible for retention of learning.
3. Using a combination of as many of the senses as possible.
Uses of the senses.
SIGHT

- Most knowledge is acquired through the sense of sight. Observations of action and
the study of drawings, diagrams, models, and pictures are indispensable in job skill
training . (Merely reading printed words is considered as being more related to
hearing than sight).

HEARING -The experiences of others are learned through the senses of hearing. It also
enables trainees to receive instructions and to recognized the proper operation of
tools, machines and the like.
TOUCH

- Through the sense of touch trainees become aware of the quality and texture of
materials, degree of roughness or smoothness, heat and cold, and the shape of
objects. (Touch is frequently confused with kinesthesia).

SMELL

- The sense of smell is important for associating characteristic odors with trades,
processes, materials, such as the order of burnt insulation, wood, varnish, oil,
Plastics, cooking, and the smoke of welding galvanized material.

TASTE

- The sense of taste is perhaps the least-used of all the senses particularly in
Mechanical trade. Of course, it is important in trade in which foods and drugs are
Processed.

KINETHESIA - Kinesthesia is a sense which enables a trainee to determine the direction and
amount of muscular movement, to gauge muscular effort, and to estimates

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Comparative weights of forces of objects.

The sense are used not only in performing operations, but they are used in defective danger
signs. A hot bearing, a grinding gear, a smell of smoldering material, the burnt appearances,
the bitter taste in the air are often warnings of impending breakdown. The instructor should
teach those uses of the senses, also.
In order to make full use of the sense in learning, the instructor must be sure in his training that
all of the trainees can see, hear, and have adequate chances to work with and get the feel of
the skill being taught.
To repeat, senses are the avenues of communication between the instructor and the trainee.
The use of more than one sense in instructing is called the multiple sense appeal. The
instructor should strive to constantly improve his means of communication with the trainee
through using to the fullest the multiple sense appeal.

HOW PEOPLE LEARN

The trainee uses his mind and his senses in divers ways in order to learn. The trainee learns by:
1. ACTION
He participate, does, applies what he has learned by acting upon it. He may do the job,
draw the diagram, practice the skill, perform and experiment.
2. OBSERVATION
The trainee watches as the instructor performs skillfully the operation of the trade or the
techniques of the job. The more observant the trainee, the more he will learn.
3. IMITATION
It is the following of instruction in a step-by-step fashion. In a manner of speaking,
it is taking the trainee by the hand, if necessary, until he masters the skill or thing taught.
4. MEMORY AND RECALL
The trainee learns by recalling past learning, past experience, things he has seen, heard
about, or done. He can associate new facts with past learning and can aid learning by
putting the new and old together.
5. IMAGINATION
The ability to picture mentally, visualize, and have abstract conception helps the learn.
This is often difficult to do, and the instructor must aid the process with sketches, drawing

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and explanation.
6.

REASONING
The learning which comes from within the trainee is the best learning of all, for it implies
Understanding. Reasoning includes problem solving, and in this function the trainee makes
Practical use of knowledge. He learns to make comparisons and evaluate possible
solutions To problem.

7. REPEATITION
Practice may not make perfect, but it is a very valuable tool of learning. Repetition of the
thing learned makes the learning more permanent, leads to a greater skill in the operation
of an occupation, and by proficiency gives the trainee confidence and enables him to
progress.

IMPLICATION TO THE INSTRUCTOR

Because the trainee learns in these ways, it is essential for the instructor:1. To become expert in his performance, correct in his information and accurate in his
judgment.
2. To be attentive to details, such as dress, speech patterns, personal conduct, and personal
attics.
3. To continuously require of his trainees over higher standards of performance and quality of
work.
Failure in these areas will turn repetition into busy-work, observation into day dreaming,
and eager minds into laziness and lack of interest.

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QUESTIONS :
Answer the question below:

1. What must the learner must do ?.

2. When is learning process becomes complete ?.
3. Define learning ?.
4. What are the two key elements in learning ?.
5. What sense do we use to learn the experience of others ?.
6. Most knowledge is acquired through which sense ?.
7. Of the three, sign, smell and taste, which one is most used in trade dealing with
food and drugs.

REFERENCE
1. Syllabus Trade Instructor Training prepared by The training service Manpower
Department, Kuala Lumpur 1972, JTR/PL.P4