CASE 3 : ENERGY , EXERCISE AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION OBJECTIVE : WHAT DOES IT MEANS BY POWER, WORK , AND EFFICIENCY ?

BY : NAJMI SHAFIZ BIN ROZMAN ( PBL GROUP 17 )

WORK
What is actually work ? work can be defined in many ways . For example In Christian theology = work is define by act of charity In term of law = it can be the subject matter of copyright In human labor = work can be define as employment and house work

In physics concept 1. Work is the transfer of energy 2. We say that work is done on an object when you transfer energy to that object. If one object transfers (gives) energy to a second object, then the first object does work on the second object. 3. Work can be calculated by multiplying the force exerted by the distance. Here the formula for work W=FxD While F = FORCE / Newton (N) D = DISTANCE / Metre (m) W= WORK DONE / Joule (Nm @ J ) For example.. When if a force = 10 N , acts along points that travel 2 metres ( d= 2m ) then it does the work W= (10 N x 2m = 20 Nm / 20 J ) This is the approximately the work done lifting a 1kg weight from ground over a persons head against the force of gravity. 4. SI unit of work is the joule (J) , which is defined as the work expended by a force of one newton through a distance of metre 5. The non-SI units of work include erg, foot-pound, foot-poundal, kilowatt hour and horsepower-hour.

POWER
Power is the work done in a unit of time In other words, power is a measure of how quickly work can be done

1. POWER (P) is the rate of energy generation (or absorption) over time:P = E/t 2. Power's SI unit of measurement is the Watt, representing the generation or absorption of energy at the rate of 1 Joule/sec 3. Energy transfer can be used to do work, so power is also the rate at which this work is performed. The same amount of work is done when carrying a load up a flight of stairs whether the person carrying it walks or runs but more power is expended during the running because the work is done in shorter amount of time. 4. In physics concept , The unit of measurement of Watt is in honor of James Watt , the eighteenthcentury developer of the steam engine 5. For example , the rate at which a light bulb converts electrical energy into heat and light is measured in watts- the more wattage, the more power, or equivalently the more electrical energy is used per unit time

EFFICIENCY
Efficiency is a ratio between the output power and the input power. Efficiency in general , describes the extent to which time , effort or cost is well used for the intended task or purposes. It is often used with the specific purpose of relaying the capability of a specific application of effort to produce a specific outcome effectively with a minimum amount or quality of waste, expense , or unnecessary effort.

For example if we have a light bulb that requires 100 W of input energy, but only outputs 10 W of light energy. Then we can say that this device is only 10% efficient. The remaining 90% of the input energy goes to waste as heat. 1. . Efficiency of a device is defined as the percentage of the energy input that is transformed into useful energy. 2. Efficiency = (useful Energy output / Energy input ) X 100% a. Efficiency = (Useful power output / Power input) X 100% b. Unit is given in percentage ( % ) 3. The term efficient is very much confused with the term effective . effectiveness is a relatively vague, non-quantitative concept, mainly concerned with achieving objective in something. 4. A simple way of distinguishing between efficient and effectiveness is the saying efficiency is doing things right , while effectiveness is doing the right things