CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1

Overview Journal bearing have a shaft which can be rotate that have been support by a another

metal. It dont have any rolling elements in these journal bearing. It is being design and construct into a simplest ways, but the theory and the operational of these thing might be complex compare. These type of bearing has its own limitation which is low-load and lowsurface speed applications. This bearing are always being lubricated with an extreme pressure grease to make the bearing can support the load. It usually use on the outdoor construction and mining equipment applications. Journal bearing must have include sleeve, plain, shell and the Babbitt bearings. Babbitt actually is the layers for the softer metals. Its function is to give the overlay for a stronger steel to support shell and to be cushion from the harder rotating shaft. Journal bearing only accept the radial loading which is perpendicular to the shaft. Thrust or axial loads, can also be used by journal bearing design. The damage can be occur when the insufficient of an oil film during the start up and shutdown of the equipment rotate speed of the shaft. It is important to understand the concept of these journal bearing because it is not start on the centre in the bearing shell during its operation. This offset distance is known as the eccentricity of the bearing and also create a space for the minimum oil film thickness to occur when it rotate. Larger diameter shaft will gives great advantages to make the film thickness bigger. It can be evaluate using the Sommerfeld Number and the Reynolds Number. Bearing Speed (RPM) 300 to 1500 ~1800 ~3600 ~10000 0 to 50 32 32 32 Bearing / Oil Temperature (C) 60 68 32 to 46 32 32 75 100 to 150 68 to 100 46 to 68 32 90 100 68 to 100 32 to 46

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Problem Statement

Elastohydrodynamic is defined as the type of hydrodynamic lubrication where the contact surface will deform elastically to comparable the film thickness thus the pressure also between the contact surface along the metal surface is very high. In elastohydrodynamic problems, it must be determined simultaneously at the film thickness and the pressure distribution. Moreover, the general of the two type of problems always occur in elastohydrodynamic such as line contact problems and point contact problems. In line contact problems, the the contact only takes place in an infinitely long strip as for the point contact elastohydrodynamic, the contact only take place at the finite elliptical region. This problem can be assume as either it is in a steady-state or unsteady conditions. The load, the entraining speed and the contact curvature radius for the machine elements can constantly change in time such as gears, bearing and many more. The purpose of lubrication is to avoid surface in relative motion, so that the two surface will not sustain a serious damage or wear during the operation. The function of these films is to minimize the wear and determine by physical properties which include the melting point, the shear strength decomposing temperature and many more. The liquid lubricant is the one of the factor or key to the generation of protective film and the transfer of the shear along the concentrated contacts. To solve the elastohydrodynamic problem, it takes a lot of knowledge of the lubricant constitutive behaviour and the properties of temperature and the pressure itself.

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Objective The main objective of this study were to predict the centre pressure at critical point in

journal bearing for different speed (RPM) and to analyze the pressure distribution along the journal bearing.

1.4

Scope of Research To achieve the objective, literature reviews were conducted. Reviews on the 3D

modelling of the journal bearing. Study about the mechanical properties of nano-oil lubricant that compatible towards the elastohydrodynamic journal bearing. Afterward, run the test using ANSYS Workbench 14.0 using different speed (RPM) and the l/d ratio. Moreover, analysis on the fluid flow on the journal bearing. When the fluid flow is being analyse, the critical point can be detected that occur along the journal bearing. Furthermore, the pressure point that occur on the journal bearing can be study.