Status Paper on FRUITS AND VEGETABLES EXPORTS FROM PAKISTAN: C ALLENGES AND !A" FOR!

ARD

Dr# Mu$a%%a& S$ar'(

Pa)'stan A*r'+u,tura, Resear+$ Coun+', So+'a, S+'en+es D'-'s'on

Is,a%a.a&/ Septe%.er/ 0123

Ta.,e o( Contents4
Des+r'pt'on
1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction Material and Methods Area and Production of Fruits in Pakistan Fruit Exports from Pakistan 4.1 O erall Fruits Exports 4.2 !otal Exports "# !#pes of Fruits 4.3. $irection of Fruit Exports from Pakistan %. Area and Production of &harif 'e(eta"les ). Area and Production of *a"i 'e(eta"les +. 'e(eta"le Exports from Pakistan +.1 O erall 'e(eta"le Exports +.2 Exports "# t#pes of e(eta"les +.3 $irection of 'e(eta"le Exports ,. -hallen(es to Fruits and 'e(eta"le Exports from Pakistan ,.1 .ar(e /ield 0aps of Fruits and 'e(eta"les ,.2 1i(h Post2har est .osses ,.3 .o3er Export Market Prices4Export Price 0ap. 5. -onclusions 16. 7a# For3ard 16.1 *e2orientation of su"sistence horticulture to commercial horticulture farmin(8 16.2 Esta"lishment of rural "usiness hu"s for timel# a aila"ilit# of inputs8 16.3 Esta"lishment of model on2farm pack house8 16.4 Arran(ements of contract farmin(8 16.% *e2orientation of research and de elopment ser ices in horticulture su"2sector8 16.) Impro in( efficienc#8 producti it# and competiti eness 16.+ Promotion of re(ional trade 16.,-apacit# "uildin( of chain stakeholders of horticulture su"2sector 16.5 Polic# and re(ulator# frame3ork for the promotion of horticulture su"2sector. 12. *eference

Pa*e Nu%.er
2 2 2 3 3 3 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 9 : : : 21 20 20 20 23 23 23 23 25 25 25 26

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES EXPORTS FROM PAKISTAN: C ALLENGES AND !A" FOR!ARD
Intro&u+t'on 1orticulture is an important su" sector of 3orld a(riculture 3ith 12 percent annual (ro3th. It has a pi otal role in the nutrition and income of the farm households around the 3orld. 1orticultural crops are mostl# cash crops and (enerate a si(nificant cash income for farmers. 1orticulture ha e hi(her Emplo#ment8 hi(her multiplier effect off2 2farm 9o"s in processin(8 packa(in(8 and marketin( :7;8 266,<. 1orticulture also has the potential for tremendous social impact on emplo#ment creation and income (eneration as 3ell as sustaina"ilit# in term of "etter economic use of 3ater :=harif8 2612<. 1orticulture is an important su" sector of a(riculture of Pakistan and contri"utes a"out 12> to the national a(ricultural 0$P. Pakistan has not captured this opportunit# #et8 (ro3in( slo3er than the 3orld market :)> s. 12> per #ear<. 1orticultural sector of Pakistan for increasin( export of premium ?ualit# horticultural produce :P1$E;8 266+<. 1orticulture sector also offerin( multiple emplo#ment opportunities throu(hout the suppl# chain8 particularl# in rural areas. 1o3e er8 its (ro3th and profita"ilit# is restrained mainl# "# the lack of proper post har est mana(ement and transport infrastructure :P1$E;8 266+<. !he issues of the horticulture sector in Pakistan are 3ell reco(ni@ed :i.e. lo3 land dedicated to horticulture :)> of cropped area8 lo3 producti it#8 hi(h losses lo3 alue added and lo3 export prices<8 :=harif8 2612<. !hese factors are mainl# attri"uted to fruits and e(eta"le exports from Pakistan. !he main focus of this exercise is to assess the status of exports of fruits and e(eta"les from Pakistan8 challen(es and future prospectus for enhancin( the export of these commodities. 0# Mater'a, an& Met$o&s

!he status paper on fruits and e(eta"les exports from Pakistan is prepared on the "asis of data collection from Federal "ureau of =tatistics8 Pakistan Economic =ur e# and !rade -orporation of Pakistan. $ata on area and production of fruits and e(eta"les are compiled to assess the increasin(4decreasin( trend o ertime usin( cross ta"ulation. !hen data on exports of "oth fruits and e(eta"les "# different items8 and their direction of trade 3ere compiled usin( cross ta"ulation. From the anal#sis of these data8 challen(es and prospectus of fruits and e(eta"les exports are assessed to deri e the conclusion and su((estin( the 3a# for3ard for impro in( the exports of horticultural products from Pakistan. 3. Area an& Pro&u+t'on o( Fru'ts 'n Pa)'stan A(riculture has remained the mainsta# of the Pakistan econom# as it pro ides emplo#ment to 4% percent population and pro ides ra3 material for a(ro "ased industr#. A(riculture income has created demand for industrial products. A(riculture pro ided the main impetus to economic (ro3th "# creatin( additional demand of (oods and ser ices as a result of hi(her prices of a(ricultural produce. PakistanAs climatic di ersit# holds enormous ad anta(e for production of fruits8 e(eta"les and floricultural :flo3er farmin(< products and has a potential to exploit 3orldAs B=C%)1 million annual fresh fruits and e(eta"les market. Pakistan is the sixth lar(est producer of &inno :mandarin< and oran(es in the 3orld. Fruits are "ein( (ro3n in all four pro inces of Pakistan. Area under different fruits in Pakistan is (i en in :!a"le21<. !he arious arieties of fruits are (ro3n o er an area of a"out +%2 thousand hectares in 2611212. !he area under fruits has increased from +4% thousand hectares in 266)26+ to +%2 thousand hectares in 2611212 i.e. the in area under fruits is increased "# a"out one percent.
4

Ta.,e;2: Area un&er D'((erent Fru't Cu,t'-at'on 'n Pa)'stan <000 hectares= Fru't 0117;18 0118;19 0119;1: 011:;21 0121;22 -itrus 153.2 155.4 155.5 15,.4 154.% Man(o 1)4.% 1)).3 1+6.1 1+3., 1+1.5 Apple 112.+ 113 113.1 111.) 116.) $ates ,4.+ 56.1 56.+ 56.) 56.1 0ua a )2.% )3.3 )2.3 )2.1 )4 ;anana 34.5 3%.% 3) 34., 25.) Apricots 25.3 31.3 31.1 36.2 25.+ Peach 1%.4 1%.) 1%., 1).3 1%.2 0rapes 13., 1).3 1).3 1).3 1%.3 Pome(ranate 13.) 13.% 13.% 13.3 12.5 Almonds 16., 11.1 11 16.5 16., Plums +.) +.) +.2 + ).+ Pears 2.3 2.1 2.1 3.2 1.5 Tota, 856#3 876#2 87:#2 879#6 863#0 =ourceD 0oP :2613a8 2613" E 2613c<8 0oP :26168 2611 E 2612<.

0122;20 154 1+2.4 116.4 53.1 )).+ 22.1 25.+ 1%.4 1%.4 12.+ 16., )., 2 862#6

!he information on the production of different fruits is presented in !a"le22. !he production of fruits in Pakistan is ).64 million tonnes in 2611212. !he production of fruits has increased "# 1, percent in 2611212 o er 266)26+. !he citrus8 man(o8 apple and dates are ma9or fruits 3ith the production of 2.1%8 1.+8 6.) and 6.%) million tonnes in 2611212 respecti el#. !he production of apple8 citrus8 and dates has increased "# +28 4) and 31 percent respecti el# in 2611212 o er 266)26+. 1o3e er8 the production of man(o has decreased "# a"out one percent in 2611212 o er 266)26+. Ta.,e;0: Pro&u+t'on o( D'((erent Fru'ts Gro>n 'n Pa)'stan <000 tonnes= Fru't 0117;18 0118;19 0119;1: 011:;21 0121;22 -itrus 14+2 2254 2132 21%6 15,2 Man(o 1+15 1+%4 1+2, 1,4) 1,,5 Apple 34, 442 441 3)) %2) $ates 42) %%+ %)) )31 %22.2 0ua a %%% %35 %12 %65 %4+ ;anana 1%1 1%, 1%+ 1%% 135 Apricots 1++ 246 23, 154 156 0rapes 4+ +% +) )% )4 Pome(ranate 4, %+ )1 )2 %6 Almonds 23 2+ 2) 22 22 Plums )6 +3 )+ %+ %).2 Pears 2, 24 24 26 15.3 Peach +1 ,2 ,4 %4 %2.) 5125 6322 6112 6131 6059.3 Tota, =ourceD 0oP :2613a8 2613" E 2613c<8 0oP :26168 2611 E 2612<. 0122;20 214+ 1+66 %55 %%+.3 45% 5+ 1,5 )4 4,.+ 21 %3.2 15 %4.3
6044.5

5#

Fru't E?ports (ro% Pa)'stan

Fruits exports from Pakistan include o erall fruit exports8 export "# t#pe of fruits and direction of fruit exports. ;rief description of these three components is (i en in the follo3in( su"2 sectionsD 4.1 O-era,, Fru'ts E?ports

!he production of fruits in Pakistan is ).64 million tonnes8 of 3hich onl# 6.+23 million tonnes 3ere exported in 2611212F 3hereas the rest of them 3ere either consumed locall# or perished. O erall export of fruits has 3itnessed a stead# (ro3th. Fruits exports 3ere alued at B=C114 million in 266)26+8 3hich rose to B=C14) million in 266+26, and to B=C252 million in 2616211 :!a"le23<. Export of fruits has increased from 6.))6 million tonnes 3orth B=C235 million in 2616211 to 6.+23 million tonnes 3orth B=C3%, million in 26112128 thus sho3in( an increase of 16 percent in terms of ?uantit# and 23 percent in terms of alue. Ta.,e;3: Fru't E?ports (ro% Pa)'stan "ear @uant'tA < M',,'on Tonnes= 266)26+ 0.343 266+26, 0.411 266,265 0.466 2665216 0.687 2616211 0.660 2611212 0.723 =ourceD 0oP :2613c<. 5#0 Tota, E?ports .A TApes o( Fru'ts Va,ue <%',,'on US B=
113.64 145.76 159.83 239.39 292.42 358.26

!he information on ma9or fruits exported from Pakistan is (i en in !a"le24. !he exported fruits are kinno fresh8 dates dried8 man(oes8 date fresh8 oran(es8 apple fresh and other fruits. !he export of kinno fresh8 dates dried and man(os is 3orth of B=C 1+28 ), and 3+ million in 2611212 respecti el#. !he export of kinno fresh has increased from B=C 166 million in 2665216 to B=C 1+2 million in 26112128 sho3in( an increase of +2 percent. In term of alue8 the export of dates dried8 man(oes and date fresh ha e increased "# %18 23 E 1+% percent respecti el#. PakistanAs man(o exports to the Bnited =tates 3ere ,6 million tonnes in 2616211. In this context8 there are some serious lo(istical issues8 such as Pakistani man(oes are supposed to (o to -hica(o first8 so that the# can "e treated in accordance 3ith American food la3s. Ma9or international markets for Pakistani fruits 3ere *ussia8 BAE8 =audi Ara"ia8 Muscat8 B& and Iran. Out of the man(o export tar(et of 1%6 million tonnes for the #ear 26112128 approximatel# 36 million tonnes 3ere supposed to (o to Iran. 1o3e er8 PakistanAs fruit exports to Iran ha e so far "een @ero8 "ecause of the trade restrictions recentl# imposed on Iran "# international financial institution. &inno is the most exporta"le fruit of Pakistan. !he 34 percent of the total &inno exports (oes to Middle East alone8 follo3ed "# Indonesia and Philippines and remainder (oes to other markets of the 3orld. Man(o en9o#s third position after dates and oran(es amon(st man(o (ro3in( countries 3orld3ide. Marketin( of Pakistani man(oes is not difficult as its arieties ha e "een kno3n for attracti e colours8 sa or# smell8 deli(htful taste and hi(h nutriti e alue. In term of alue of fruit export8 Af(hanistan is on top follo3ed "# India8 *ussian Federation8 BAE8 0erman# and Bkraine.
6

Ta.,e;5: MaCor Fru'ts E?porte& (ro% Pa)'stan <-a,ue %',,'on USB= Fru'ts 011:;21 0121;22 Kinno fresh 100.08 100.566 Dates dried 45.118 46.792 Mangoes 30.082 33.779 Date fresh 4.344 7.297 Oranges 0.707 2.479 Apple fresh 0.488 0.561 Other fr its 58.57 100.95 Total 239.39 292.42 =ourceD 0oP :2613c<. 4.3. D're+t'on o( Fru't E?ports (ro% Pa)'stan

0122;20 171.645 67.768 36.623 10.651 0.777 0.547 70.25 358.26

-ountr#23ise export of fruits from Pakistan is (i en !a"le2%. &inno is the most exporta"le fruit of Pakistan. Pakistan is exportin( fruits to Af(hanistan8 India8 *ussian Federation8 BAE8 0erman#8 Bkraine8 =audi Ara"ia8 etc. !he 3ell2exported fruits are man(o8 kinno8 apple8 dates and oran(es. $u"ai is the "i((est market for Pakistani man(o8 follo3ed "# En(land and =audi Ara"ia. India is the onl# "i((est market for Pakistani dried dates. !he 34 percent of the total &inno exports (oes to Middle East alone8 follo3ed "# Indonesia and Philippines and remainder (oes to other markets of the 3orld. Man(o en9o#s third position after dates and oran(es amon(st man(o (ro3in( countries 3orld3ide. Marketin( of Pakistani man(oes is not difficult as its arieties ha e "een kno3n for attracti e colours8 sa or# smell8 deli(htful taste and hi(h nutriti e alue :containin( 16> to 26> su(ar8 itamin A8 ; and -8 protein8 iron8 calcium and phosphorus<. In term of alue of fruit export8 Af(hanistan is on top follo3ed "# India8 *ussian Federation8 BAE8 0erman# and Bkraine. Ta.,e;6: CountrA >'se E?ports o( Fru'ts (ro% Pa)'stan 011:;21 0121;22 Country Afghanistan 56.561 91.348 !ndia 43.805 44.645 " ssian #ederation 23.511 25.044 $A% 20.888 24.452 &er'an( 18.544 15.339 $)raine 2.896 6.324 *a di Ara+ia 10.011 9.599 $K 12.182 10.356 $*A 3.108 5.798 !ran 11.214 9.957 !ndonesia 0.118 3.110 ,hlippines 2.586 2.586 O'an 2.295 1.921 K -ait 3.960 3.998 .anada 2.030 1.529 All others 25.68 36.41 Total 239.39 292.42 =ourceD 0oP :2613c<. <Va,ue %',,'on USB= 0122;20 132.597 57.081 40.420 24.822 14.426 11.747 11.735 10.732 7.734 6.354 4.321 2.612 2.659 1.901 1.671 27.44 358.26

6#

Area an& Pro&u+t'on o( K$ar'( Ve*eta.,es

!he ma9or kharif e(eta"les (ro3n in the countr# are lad# fin(er8 s?uash8 "rin9al8 "itter (ourd8 "ottle (ourd8 pumpkin and lufa8 etc. !he arious arieties of kharif e(eta"les 3ere (ro3n o er an area of a"out 5) thousand hectares in 2611212. !he area under kharif e(eta"les has decreased from 165 thousand hectares in 266+26, to 5) thousand hectares in 26112128 sho3in( a decrease "# 12 percent :!a"le2)<. !he production of the kharif e(eta"le 3as 51+ thousand tonnes in 2611212 as compared to 1613 thousand tonnes in 266+26,8 sho3in( a decrease of 5 percent. Ta.,e;7: Area an& Pro&u+t'on o( K$ar'( Ve*eta.,es
Ve*eta.,es .ad# Fin(er =?uash :!inda< ;rin9al ;itter 0ourd ;ottle 0ourd Pumpkin .ufa .on( Melon -ucum"er Pursilano Arum ;eans Field. 'etch .otus *oots !omatoes Others !otal 0118;19 Area 15.00 10.37 9.02 6.02 5.83 4.11 2.99 0.51 2.45 0.09 2.12 0.44 1.21 0.17 21.33 27.53 109.16 Prod. 103.66 98.12 87.43 52.73 59.15 41.90 23.20 3.34 31.43 0.18 21.73 1.09 3.58 0.34 156.56 328.58 1013.02 0119;1: Area 15.08 10.13 8.67 6.08 5.77 4.03 2.45 0.50 2.65 0.08 2.14 0.52 1.12 0.18 20.44 26.07 105.92 Prod. 114.66 97.69 88.15 56.24 60.82 45.22 20.98 3.46 37.40 0.18 21.44 1.32 3.52 0.35 178.16 312.42 1042.00 011:;21 Area 15.18 10.55 9.04 6.57 5.97 3.92 2.03 0.46 2.98 0.08 2.28 0.60 0.90 0.12 16.67 25.75 103.10 Prod. 116.10 100.63 89.97 56.99 63.17 44.00 17.05 3.05 40.55 0.18 22.74 1.48 3.04 0.25 134.38 298.53 992.10

<111 $e+ D 111 tonnes=

0121;22 Area 14.15 10.47 8.49 5.83 5.75 3.82 1.83 0.45 3.16 0.06 2.11 0.60 0.68 0.10 16.42 25.59 99.52 Prod. 107.45 96.82 84.71 53.73 59.79 41.46 15.30 2.85 43.71 0.13 20.66 1.51 2.50 0.21 123.05 291.16 945.03 0122;20 Area 13.92 9.39 8.77 5.98 6.04 3.98 2.02 0.47 3.40 0.07 2.41 0.60 0.72 0.11 17.30 20.56 95.72 Prod. 102.58 89.14 85.97 55.73 62.63 44.53 17.76 3.18 48.54 0.15 25.26 1.57 1.52 0.22 144.68 233.97 917.41

=ourceD 0oP :26168 2611a8 2611" E 2612<. 7# Area an& Pro&u+t'on o( Ra.' Ve*eta.,es

!he information on the area and production of different ra"i e(eta"les is presented in !a"le2+. !he ma9or ra"i e(eta"les (ro3n in Pakistan are potato8 tomato8 radish8 turnip8 carrot8 spinach cauliflo3er and peas8 etc. !he area under ra"i e(eta"les 3as 1%, thousand hectares 3ith a production of 2154 thousand tonnes durin( 2611212. !he area and the production of ra"i e(eta"les 3ere sta"le from 266+26, to 2611212. !he tomato8 turnip8 carrot8 peas and cauliflo3er are ma9or ra"i e(eta"le 3ith a production of 4338 2+)8 23)8 16% and 234 thousand tonnes respecti el# in 2611212. !he production of peas8 tomato and cauliflo3er has increased "# 248 14 and , percent respecti el# in 2611212 o er 266+26,. !he area of total e(eta"les excludin( potato 3as 2%4 thousand hectares 3ith a production of 3111 thousand tonnes durin( 2611212. !he area and the production of total e(eta"les 3ere sta"le from 266+26, to 2611212. !he area and the production of potato 3as 1,% thousand hectares and 3552 thousand tonnes respecti el# in 2611212. !he area and production of potato 3ere increased from 266+26, to 2611212. !he area of onion8 (arlic and chillies 3as 1368 +8 2% thousand hectares in 2611212 3ith the production of 1,1+8 %+ and 46 thousand tonnes respecti el#.

Ta.,e;8: Area an& Pro&u+t'on o( Ra.' Ve*eta.,es <111 $e+ D 111 tonnes= Ve*eta.,e 0118;19 0119;1: 011:;21 0121;22 Area Prod. Area Prod. Area Prod. Area Prod. s
*addish !urnip -arrot =pinach -auliflo3er -a""a(e =3eet Potato Peas 0arden Peas &nol &ohl Fennu 0reek .etuce =u(ar "eet !omato ;eans Others !otals 0rand !otal :&G*< Potato Onion 0arlic -hilies
9.88 15.65 13.40 6.77 11.96 4.35 0.88 12.17 0.35 0.07 0.46 0.10 0.00 31.82 0.61 36.14 144.62 253.78 154.32 153.12 8.13 64.18 161.46 270.78 236.59 82.24 215.63 71.73 9.81 82.54 0.70 0.32 1.13 0.13 0.04 379.65 5.78 605.31 2123.85 3136.87 2538.97 2015.22 63.80 116.10 10.14 14.87 13.82 7.88 12.90 4.82 1.05 11.69 0.30 0.06 0.30 0.08 0.00 32.95 0.62 35.54 147.02 252.94 144.92 129.53 8.36 73.86 163.81 265.60 245.53 100.13 234.66 71.99 11.95 83.60 0.68 0.29 0.80 0.12 0.04 383.73 5.88 594.66 2163.47 3205.48 2941.32 1609.63 60.36 188.33 10.22 14.99 12.86 7.85 12.64 4.72 1.08 11.90 0.29 0.06 0.28 0.10 0.33 33.32 0.59 35.40 146.62 249.72 138.54 124.78 6.86 74.78 156.42 259.84 219.34 95.43 213.41 69.08 11.83 79.91 0.62 0.26 0.76 0.14 17.88 342.45 5.03 580.36 2052.75 3044.86 3141.44 1701.07 57.23 188.86 10.89 15.86 13.73 8.17 12.38 6.19 1.35 16.08 0.24 0.05 0.26 0.22 0.33 34.24 0.66 32.00 152.04 251.66 159.37 147.61 6.52 63.61 172.33 278.72 241.58 103.45 227.59 74.28 13.46 98.17 0.51 0.24 0.75 0.28 18.15 406.57 6.32 524.76 2167.14 3112.17 3491.69 1939.62 55.31 171.74

0122;20
Area
10.76 15.74 13.45 8.54 13.62 4.74 1.58 15.84 0.39 0.08 0.16 0.36 0.30 39.92 0.36 32.08 157.92 253.64 184.93 129.66 6.77 24.78

Prod.
174.09 275.65 235.94 107.96 234.35 73.14 13.66 105.00 0.75 0.34 0.47 0.40 16.39 433.13 3.44 519.50 2194.19 3110.60 3392.49 1817.35 57.34 40.41

=ourceD 0oP :26168 2611a8 2611" E 2612<. 8# Ve*eta.,e E?ports (ro% Pa)'stan

'e(eta"les offer (ood alue in terms of nutrients and therefore8 less de eloped countries8 speciall# =outh Asian =tates ha e e(eta"le dietar# ha"its. 1ence these poor countries (ro3 and consume much more e(eta"les for their main food re?uirements. Pakistan has (reater opportunities8 "ein( a centre for e(eta"le production and can export fresh and canned e(eta"les in most of the Asian countries to earn forei(n exchan(e. At present8 mostl# the (ro3ers depends on imported seeds8 "ut it is true that man# 9o"s farm of la"ourers8 could "e created "# (ro3in( e(eta"les for seed production8 seed trade and export "usiness ma# also increase8 3hich reduce annual import costs on e(eta"le seeds. Farmers prefer to (ro3 e(eta"les due to short plantation duration and it is considered as the lo3 delta crop. !he e(eta"les can pla# (reat role in "oostin( the econom# of the countr#8 due to the fact that this sector has not "een explored to earn more income throu(h exports to other countries. Pakistan has ma9orit# of ur"an and rural population sur i in( on e(eta"les8 3hich is relishin( food due to nutriti e alue such as itamins8 proteins8 -alcium8 Phosphorous8 Iron8 3ater and mineral salts etc. In its ar#in( climatic conditions8 the e(eta"les (ro3n ma# ar# from leaf# to cole crops8 root e(eta"les to "ul" or tu"er crops8 flo3er e(eta"les to immature fruit e(eta"les8 3hich are (ro3n in different parts of the countr#. !he area under e(eta"le culti ation excludin( potato and s3eet potato "ut includin( onion8 (arlic8 chillies 3as 6.3,1 million hectors :a"out 1.)+ percent of the total cropped area<8 producin( a"out 4.6) million tonnes of e(eta"les. !here is increasin( demand of e(eta"les from rural to ur"an areas due to domestic consumption directl# in food either in ra3 or cooked form. ;ut8 e(eta"les ha e ariet# of uses in the preparation of pickles8 chutne# ketchup8 soups8 sauces8 salads8 etc. except their edi"le usa(e for cookin( purposes.

+.1

O-era,, Ve*eta.,e E?ports

!he production of e(eta"les in Pakistan 3as 3.11 million tonnes8 of 3hich onl# 6.1%6 million tonnes 3ere exported in 2611212F 3hereas the rest of them 3ere either consumed locall# or perished. O erall export of e(eta"les has 3itnessed a stead# (ro3th. 'e(eta"le exports 3ere alued at B=C %% million in 266)26+8 3hich rose to B=C +3 million in 266,265 and to B=C 2), million in 2616211 :!a"le2,<. Export of e(eta"les has decreased from 6.,%+ million tonnes 3orth B=C 2), million in 2616211 to 6.1%6 million tonnes 3orth B=C 1,6 million in 26112128 thus sho3in( a decrease of ,2 percent in terms of ?uantit# and 45 percent in terms of alue 3hich seems a "i( drop in e(eta"le export. !his drop in e(eta"le exports is a conse?uence of natural disasters8 unfair profiteerin( "# middlemen and a chan(e in suppl# and demand d#namics in the forei(n markets. !he si(nificant drop in e(eta"le exports is mainl# "ecause the onion crop 3as destro#ed "# floods. Pakistan fetched C1,6.2 million "# exportin( edi"le e(eta"les in fiscal 2611212. !he e(eta"le exports increased at 35 percent annuall# "et3een 266+ and 26118 as per the 7orld !rade Or(ani@ation :7!O<. Hota"l#8 the rise in the countr#As e(eta"le exports "et3een 2616 and 2611 alone 3as a sta((erin( ,+ percent :!a"le2,<. Ta.,e;9: Ve*eta.,e E?ports (ro% Pa)'stan "ear @uant'tA < %',,'on tonnes= 266)26+ 0.21738 266+26, 0.222984 266,265 0.42479 2665216 0.456461 2616211 0.856853 2611212 0.150228 =ourceD 0oP :2613c<. +.2 E?ports .A tApes o( -e*eta.,es Va,ue <M',,'on USB=
54.547 56.39 72.919 120.648 268.203 180.163

!he information on ma9or e(eta"les exported from Pakistan is (i en in !a"le25. !he exported e(eta"les are potato fresh8 other e(eta"les fresh8 onion8 (arlic and other e(eta"les. !he export of potato fresh8 onion8 (arlic and other e(eta"les 3as 3orth of B=C +)8 ,8 6.,, and %6 million in 2611212 respecti el#. !he export of potato fresh has increased from B=C %1 million in 2665216 to B=C +) million in 26112128 sho3in( an increase of 45 percent. One of the reasons for the unprecedented hike in e(eta"le exports in 2616211 3as the shorta(e of potato in *ussia. !he export of onion has decreased from B=C 24 million in 2665216 to B=C , million sho3in( a decrease of )+ percent. Ta.,e;:: MaCor Ite%s e?port o( -e*eta.,es Ite%s 011:;21 ,otato #resh 51.466 other /egeta+le fresh 7.482 Onion 23.718 M shroo' 3.214 &arli. 0.078 Other 0egeta+les 34.69 120.648 Total =ourceD 0oP :2613c< 0121;22 99.318 53.142 48.293 1.245 0.137 66.068 268.203 :-a,ue %',,'on USB< 0122;20 75.985 44.476 7.691 1.444 0.876
49.691 180.163

10

+.3

D're+t'on o( Ve*eta.,e E?ports

-ountr#23ise export of e(eta"le from Pakistan is (i en !a"le216. !he 3ell2exported e(eta"les are potato fresh8 onion8 mushroom8 (arlic and other e(eta"les. Pakistan is exportin( e(eta"les to Af(hanistan8 =ri .anka8 *ussian Federation8 BAE8 Mala#sia8 B& and =audi Ara"ia8 etc. Pakistan exported 55 and +) million tonnes of potato to *ussia durin( 2616211 and 2611212. !he drop of 23 million tonnes in 2611212 indicates a decrease of 23 percent. ;esides a chan(e in suppl# side of the *ussian e(eta"le market8 another reason or PakistanAs lo3 e(eta"le exports in 2611212 is an exor"itant profit mar(in "# middlemen and (ro3ers. On the other hand situation is sli(htl# "etter in PakistanAs fruit export market8 fast (re3 "# 5 percent "et3een 2616211 and 2611212 :!a"le23<. Af(hanistan is the "i((est market for e(eta"le exports from Pakistan follo3ed "# =ri .anka8 *ussian Federation8 BAE8 Mala#sia and =audi Ara"ia. Ta.,e;21: CountrA >'se e?ports o( -e*eta.,es <%aCor +ountr'es= 011:;21 0121;22 Country Afganistan 57.579 154.174 *ri 1an)a 21.928 33.151 " ssian #ederation 0.218 24.572 $A% 13.735 18.805 Mala(sia 10.75 10.633 !ndia 0.144 3.444 $K 2.284 2.88 *a di Ara+ia 1.408 2.031 2atar 0.87 1.375 3ahrain 0.613 1.297 $.*.A. 0.655 0.963 K -ait 0.303 0.895 !ran 2.213 0.682 %g(pt 0.706 0.563 #ran.e 1.778 0.559 4anada 0.703 0.894 All others 4.756 11.285 Total 120.643 268.203 =ourceD 0oP :2613c<. 9# C$a,,en*es to Fru'ts an& Ve*eta.,e E?ports (ro% Pa)'stan :Va,ue %',,'on USB< 0122;20 132.68 10.462 5.253 8.328 5.508 0.828 3.375 2.086 1.393 0.65 2.205 0.775 0.436 0.01 1.337 1.238 3.599 180.163

!he horticultural crops are of ma9or importance in some areas of Pakistan8 3hile remain ne(lected in other parts and people (ro3 these crops to fulfill the local fruit and e(eta"le re?uirements onl# rather than producin( for export markets8 hence crop #ield "ut not ?ualit# remain a priorit#. Further8 poor post2har est handlin( and marketin( s#stem leads to the lo3er net profit in the o erall suppl# chain8 3hile consumer prices "oth in local and international markets are risin(. .ocal horticulture industr# is currentl# facin( a num"er of challen(es8 ho3e er8 three main aspects are er# importantD :1< .ar(e #ield (apD farm to farm as 3ell as compared to other countriesF :2< 1i(h post2har est lossesF :3< .o3er export market prices4Export price (ap.

11

,.1

.ar(e "'e,& Gaps o( Fru'ts an& Ve*eta.,es

!he information on #ield (ap8 of man(o8 citrus and tomato is presented in the !a"le211. !he (ap "et3een 3orld and Pakistan man(o8 citrus and tomato is 3%82%E%13 tonnes per hectares respecti el#. !he reduction in the #ield (ap of fruit and e(eta"le can enhance the export of these commodities from Pakistan. Ta.,e;22: "'e,& *ap an& ran)'n* o( %an*o/ +'trus an& to%ato Crops Ma?# A'e,& 'n >or,& "'e,& o( Pa)'stan <tonnesE$a= <tonnesE$a= an& Ran)'n* Man(o 44.5 :-ape 'erde< 16.2 :25th< -itrus 3%.4 :Indonesia< 16.+ :)6th< !omato %23.5 :;el(ium< 16.% :125st< =ourceD FAO =tat8 :2612< ,.2 '*$ Post;$ar-est Losses "'e,& *ap <tonnesE$a= 34.+ 24.+ %13.4

Of fruits and e(eta"les that are produced in the countr# e er# #ear8 nearl# 2% to 36 per cent is 3asted o3in( to post2har est losses :!a"le212<. !his 3asta(e is "lamed on the lack of h#(iene and a"sence of ?ualit# controls8 as 3ell as improper transportin( and coolin( facilities8 and a lack of kno32ho3 of the market potential of the fruits. Pakistan also la(s "ehind other countries 3hen it comes to marketin( packa(ed fruits. 1i(h pesticide residues in fruits ha e resulted in returnin( of PakistanAs fruit consi(nments from some countries. Fruit fl# e((s in fruits like man(o ha e em"arrassed Pakistan e en recentl# 3hen a man(o consi(nment 3as destro#ed "# B&. Almost all exported products are of hi(hl# perisha"le nature and ha e a er# limited shelf life. !he# cannot "e stored for a lon( period unless the# are properl# har ested and kept in a temperature2controlled en ironment :cold stora(e<. !he post2har est losses are reported due to limited facilities a aila"le near production areas8 airports and seaports. Ta.,e;20: Post;$ar-est ,osses 'n %an*o/ +'trus an& to%ato Crops Pro&u+t'on Post $ar-est ,osses Post $ar-est ,osses Tota, -a,ue Post $ar-est ,osses <111 tonnes= <111 tonnes= <Rs# %',,'on= <Rs# %',,'on= <F= Man(o 1+2, 432 14%2) %,164 2% -itrus 2132 326 233% 1%%)% 1% !omato %)2 22% 445% 1123, 46 =ourceD 0oP :2616<8 Percent Post har est losses P1$E;8 :266+<. ,.3 Lo>er E?port Mar)et Pr'+esEE?port Pr'+e Gap#

!a"le213 pro ides a comparison of the a era(e export prices of selected horticultural produce compared 3ith 3orld export prices. It is er# clear that all the commodities are "ein( sold in international markets at far cheaper prices compared to 3orld a era(e prices. $ue to ske3ed production resultin( from seasonalit# and perisha"ilit# of produce8 the exporters ha e limited time to ship their produce. Pakistan International Airlines pro ides car(o space in its passen(er planes and is not operatin( dedicated frei(ht fli(hts. $ue to its hi(hl# perisha"le nature8 man(o can onl# "e exported "# air. !he man(oes and other perisha"le products for
12

exports ha e a er# limited shelf life. Inland transportD Inland transportation is a aila"le 3ithout an# temperature2control en ironment. Pakistan *ail3a#s :P*< is not pro idin( an# facilit# for inland transportation of refri(erated containers for fruits and e(eta"le export oriented companies. Processin( and packin(D !he internationall# accepted standards of processin( and packin( should "e esta"lished in Pakistan. !he processin( of fresh fruits is limited to citrus fruit :&inno< and some facilities ha e recentl# opened for apples. All the remainin( fresh fruits "ein( exported are either unprocessed or packa(ed in unaccepta"le containers8 etc. !he export price difference is maximum for tomatoes :5%4 C<8 follo3ed "# citrus :%5% C<8 and :416 C< per metric ton due to ?ualit#. Iualit# is a com"ination of a(ronomic practices8 ariet# characteristics8 (radin(8 processin( and packa(in(. !he a"sence of e en a sin(le factor makes the product inferior in ?ualit# and thus less accepta"le in international export markets. Ta.,e2;23#: Co%par'son o( e?port pr'+es o( %an*o/ +'trus an& to%ato Crop !or,& A-era*e Pa)'stan @uant'tA Va,ue Pr'+e @uant'tA Va,ue Pr'+e <tonnes= <111 B= <BEt= <tonnes= <111 B= <BEtonnes= Man(o 12%%+12 55+++1 +5% +3%+% 2,36% 3,% * -itrus 414)2)% 3455+,1 ,44 1+,635 44321 245 !omato )3315)6 ),23+)+ 16+, 4656+ %6%1 123 Sour+e: FAO Stat (2012) * Tangerine, Mandarin Clem :# Con+,us'ons Pr'+e *ap <BEtonnes= 416 %5% 5%4

!he area under fruits and e(eta"le 3as sta"le durin( 266)26+ to 2611212 in the countr#. !he production of fruits has increased "# 1, percent in 2611212 o er 266)26+. !he production of fruit 3as ).64 million tonnes of 3hich onl# 6.+23 million tonnes 3ere exported durin( 2611212 3here the rest of them 3ere either consumed locall# or perished. O erall export of fruits has 3itnessed a stead# (ro3th. Fruits exports 3ere alued at B=C114 million in 266)26+8 3hich rose to B=C14) million in 266+26, and to B=C252 million in 2616211 :!a"le23<. Export of fruits has increased from 6.))6 million tonnes 3orth B=C235 million in 2616211 to 6.+23 million tonnes 3orth B=C3%, million in 26112128 thus sho3in( an increase of 16 percent in terms of ?uantit# and 23 percent in terms of alue. !he exported fruits are kinno fresh8 dates dried8 man(oes8 date fresh8 oran(es8 apple fresh and other fruits. !he export of kinno fresh8 dates dried and man(os is 3orth of B=C 1+28 ), and 3+ million in 2611212 respecti el#. !he export of kinno fresh has increased from B=C 166 million in 2665216 to B=C 1+2 million in 26112128 sho3in( an increase of +2 percent. In term of alue8 the export of dates dried8 man(oes and date fresh ha e increased "# %18 23 E 1+% percent respecti el#. !he 3ell2exported fruits are man(o8 kinno8 apple8 dates and oran(es. $u"ai is the "i((est market for Pakistani man(o8 follo3ed "# En(land and =audi Ara"ia. India is the onl# "i((est market for Pakistani dried dates. !he 34 percent of the total &inno exports (oes to Middle East alone8 follo3ed "# Indonesia and Philippines and remainder (oes to other markets of the 3orld. Man(o en9o#s third position after dates and oran(es amon(st man(o (ro3in( countries 3orld3ide. Marketin( of Pakistani man(oes is not difficult as its arieties ha e "een kno3n for attracti e colours8 sa or# smell8 deli(htful taste and hi(h nutriti e alue :containin( 16> to 26> su(ar8
13

itamin A8 ; and -8 protein8 iron8 calcium and phosphorus<. In term of alue of fruit export8 Af(hanistan is on top follo3ed "# India8 *ussian Federation8 BAE8 0erman# and Bkraine. !he area of total e(eta"les excludin( potato 3as 2%4 thousand hectares 3ith a production of 3111 thousand tonnes durin( 2611212. !he area and the production of total e(eta"les 3ere sta"le from 266+26, to 2611212. !he area and the production of potato 3as 1,% thousand hectares and 3552 thousand tonnes respecti el# in 2611212. !he area and production of potato 3ere increased from 266+26, to 2611212. !he area of onion8 (arlic and chillies 3as 1368 +8 2% thousand hectares in 2611212 3ith the production of 1,1+8 %+ and 46 thousand tonnes respecti el#. O erall export of e(eta"les has 3itnessed a stead# (ro3th. 'e(eta"le exports 3ere alued at B=C %% million in 266)26+8 3hich rose to B=C +3 million in 266,265 and to B=C 2), million in 2616211 :!a"le2,<. Export of e(eta"les has decreased from 6.,%+ million tonnes 3orth B=C 2), million in 2616211 to 6.1%6 million tonnes 3orth B=C 1,6 million in 26112128 thus sho3in( a decrease of ,2 percent in terms of ?uantit# and 45 percent in terms of alue 3hich seems a "i( drop in e(eta"le export. !his drop in e(eta"le exports is a conse?uence of natural disasters8 unfair profiteerin( "# middlemen and a chan(e in suppl# and demand d#namics in the forei(n markets. !he si(nificant drop in e(eta"le exports is mainl# "ecause the onion crop 3as destro#ed "# floods. Pakistan fetched C1,6.2 million "# exportin( edi"le e(eta"les in fiscal 2611212. !he e(eta"le exports increased at 35 percent annuall# "et3een 266+ and 26118 as per the 7orld !rade Or(ani@ation :7!O<. Hota"l#8 the rise in the countr#As e(eta"le exports "et3een 2616 and 2611 alone 3as a sta((erin( ,+ percent. !he exported e(eta"les are potato fresh8 other e(eta"les fresh8 onion8 (arlic and other e(eta"les. !he export of potato fresh8 onion8 (arlic and other e(eta"les 3as 3orth of B=C +)8 ,8 6.,, and %6 million in 2611212 respecti el#. !he export of potato fresh has increased from B=C %1 million in 2665216 to B=C +) million in 26112128 sho3in( an increase of 45 percent. One of the reasons for the unprecedented hike in e(eta"le exports in 2616211 3as the shorta(e of potato in *ussia. !he export of onion has decreased from B=C 24 million in 2665216 to B=C , million sho3in( a decrease of )+ percent. !he 3ell2exported e(eta"les are potato fresh8 onion8 mushroom8 (arlic and other e(eta"les. Pakistan is exportin( e(eta"les to Af(hanistan8 =ri .anka8 *ussian Federation8 BAE8 Mala#sia8 B& and =audi Ara"ia8 etc. Pakistan exported 55 and +) million tonnes of potato to *ussia durin( 2616211 and 2611212. !he drop of 23 million tonnes in 2611212 indicates a decrease of 23 percent. ;esides a chan(e in suppl# side of the *ussian e(eta"le market8 another reason or PakistanAs lo3 e(eta"le exports in 2611212 is an exor"itant profit mar(in "# middlemen and (ro3ers. On the other hand situation is sli(htl# "etter in PakistanAs fruit export market8 fast (re3 "# 5 percent "et3een 2616211 and 2611212 :!a"le23<. Af(hanistan is the "i((est market for e(eta"le exports from Pakistan follo3ed "# =ri .anka8 *ussian Federation8 BAE8 Mala#sia and =audi Ara"ia. .ocal horticulture industr# is currentl# facin( a num"er of challen(es8 ho3e er8 three main aspects are er# importantD :i< lar(e #ield (apD farm to farm as 3ell as compared to other countriesF :ii< hi(h post2har est lossesF :iii< lo3er export market prices4export price (ap.
14

21#

!aA For>ar&

For addressin( the challen(es to fruits and e(eta"les exports from Pakistan8 the proposed strate(ies include re2orientation of su"sistence horticulture to commercial horticulture farmin(8 esta"lishment of rural "usiness hu"s for timel# a aila"ilit# of inputs8 esta"lishment of model onfarm pack house8 arran(ements of contract farmin(8 re2orientation of research and de elopment ser ices in horticulture su"2sector8 impro in( efficienc#8 producti it# and competiti eness8 promotion of re(ional trade8 capacit# "uildin( of chain stakeholders of horticulture su"2sector8 polic# and re(ulator# frame3ork for the promotion of horticulture su"2 sector :=harif8 2612<. 16.1 Re;or'entat'on o( su.s'sten+e $ort'+u,ture to +o%%er+'a, $ort'+u,ture (ar%'n*8

!he a era(e farm si@e and area allocated to fruit and e(eta"les at ma9orit# of our farms is ?uite lo3 and o ertime8 their farm si@e shall further decline. !hese farmers ha e er# small ?uantities of marketa"le surpluses. Or(ani@ation of farmers into clusters for economies of scale is the need of the da#. Promote the adoption of 0AP throu(h impro ed extension ser ices8 demonstration farms. !here is need to promote a s#stem for certification of seedlin(s and impro e the a aila"ilit# of impro ed plantin( material. Facilitate the ac?uisition of expertise and promote the correspondin( technolo(# for ?ualit# and producti it#. Br(ent efforts are re?uired to promote a3areness a"out the d#namics and challen(es of the su"2 sector2 3here er possi"le8 colla"orate 3ith the institutions to tap in the potential (ro3th of horticultural su"2sector. It is need of the time to make their small farmers ia"le for sta#in( in hi(h alue a(riculture "usiness "# transformin( them from su"sistence a(riculture to sustaina"le commercial horticultural farms in the stud# area throu(hF a< promotion of cooperati e "usiness and alue creation enterprises 3hich are more appropriate options for the economic ia"ilit# of small farmersF "< re ie3 the re(ulator# frame3ork for de elopin( market for land and infrastructureF c< de elopin( and stren(thenin( market linka(esF d< esta"lishin( rural "usiness hu"s for inputs pro ision to enhance timel# access to ?ualit# inputs at competiti e prices. e< trainin( of entrepreneurs in the market d#namicsF f< de elopment of market information ser ices. 21#0 Esta.,'s$%ent o( rura, .us'ness $u.s (or t'%e,A a-a',a.','tA o( 'nputs/

Introducin( ser ice deli er# and support mechanism for enhancin( timel# access to ?ualit# input throu(h esta"lishment of rural "usiness hu"s :*;1=< is proposed first se(ment of pilot man(o chain de elopment scheme. !hese could "e a "i( stride in this direction as a replication of success stor# in Indian Pun9a". *;1= is Jone stop shopK encompassin( solutions to the farmers under one roof 3hich 3ill links farmers to markets ia "ack3ard as 3ell as for3ard linka(es as an pri ate sector initiati es4pu"lic pri ate partnership initiati es. !he# are aimed at pro idin( end to end (round le el support to the horticultural (ro3ers and its Jprofita"ilit#K and Jproducti it#K. !hese *;1= 3ill "e operated "# farmers foundations8 farmers associations and farmers (roups in the countr#. !hese *;1= 3ill pro ide ?ualit# and certified inputs like nurser# seedlin(s8 fertili@er8 pesticide8 farm implements and tools8 fuel8 eterinar# products8 animal feed8 financial ser ices8 "u#"ack opportunities and mem"ership card to horticultural (ro3ers.
15

21#3

Esta.,'s$%ent o( %o&e, on;(ar% pa+) $ouse/

!he esta"lishment of models on farm pack house is proposed 3ith the o"9ecti es8 :i< income di ersification throu(h settin( up small scale processin( of man(o8 :ii< reducin( the post har est losses throu(h processin( and alue addition8 :iii< and promotin( the local man(o product in the national and international market. !he ser ices of model on2farm pack house include de2sappin(8 3ei(ht (radin(8 3ashin( and dr#in(8 hot 3ater treatment8 chillin( and cold storin(. 21#5 Arran*e%ents o( +ontra+t (ar%'n*/

-ontract farmin( arran(ements ha e pro en to "e effecti e in "rin(in( technolo(# to farmers 3hile at the same time pro idin( "etter incenti es for continued in estments. In order to impro e and sustain the competiti e ed(e8 there is need for more rapid technolo(# transformation tar(etin( producti it# (ro3th. More efficient farmin( practices should also "e promoted throu(h a(riculture extension ser ices8 educatin( farmers a"out (ood hus"andr#8 optimal plantin( timin( and crop distri"ution8 etc. -ost of fertili@er8 seed and other a(ricultural inputs could "e reduced throu(h inter entions aimed at reducin( the transport costs8 such as for example8 rationali@ation of le ies on fuel8 reduction in domestic taxes and duties. It is also important to consider implementin( some inno ati e approaches in the mana(ement of fertili@er and inputs suppl# chains such as timel# procurement and "ulk2"u#in( arran(ements 3ith other countries in the re(ion so as to "e a"le to (et lo3er prices at the ori(in. 21#6 Re;or'entat'on o( resear+$ an& &e-e,op%ent ser-'+es 'n $ort'+u,ture su.;se+tor/

*esearch and de elopment in fruit and e(eta"les should "e directed to3ards repositionin( the horticulture su"2sector is2L2 is international and national market re?uirements in the stud# area throu(hD a< introduction of 0AP to "rin( the horticultural production in the area at par 3ith 7!O complianceF "< the production methods need to "e chan(ed to make it in line 3ith "oth domestic and international market demands in order to achie e "est prices of the farmersA produceF c< facilitatin( faster adoption of hi(h efficienc# irri(ation s#stems for sustaina"le natural resource conser ation and it is no3 a ital input for (ro3in( hi(h alue a(ricultural commoditiesF d< it is su((ested to inte(rate farmers 3ith processors8 alue addition sectors and exporters in order to accrue maximum returns. 21#7 I%pro-'n* e(('+'en+A/ pro&u+t'-'tA an& +o%pet't'-eness

In order to compliance 3ith the chan(in( demand of consumers8 7!O re?uirements and =anitar# and Ph#to2sanitar# measures8 horticultural (ro3ers need to "e more efficient8 producti e and competiti e "oth in domestic and international market. !his can "e achie ed in stud# areas throu(hF a< promotin( alue addition throu(h impro ed a(ro2processin( and market access throu(h inno ationsF "< promotin( the adoption of 0AP throu(h impro ed extension ser ices and demonstration farmsF c< pro idin( incenti e2"ased introduction of ?ualit# standards and certification schemes for domestic and international marketsF d< Promotion of products for niche markets "ased on comparati e and competiti e ad anta(eF e< esta"lishin( "usiness center for timel# suppl# of ?ualit# inputs at afforda"le pricesF and f< promote a3areness a"out the d#namics and challen(es of horticulture sector.
16

21#8

Pro%ot'on o( re*'ona, tra&e

Pakistan has maintained a surplus for man(o and citrus so there is a (ro3in( need to access potential export markets ?uickl# and efficientl#. =timulatin( exports of man(o and citrus must first address the ?uantit# of produced in locall# and in particular the producti it# of smallholders 3ho are the dominant producers. Industr# infrastructure such as po3er suppl# and roads need to "e impro ed to reduce the costs of the processin( and tradin( industr# and make Pakistani products competiti e ersus other re(ional producers. 1armoni@ation of ?ualit# standards and trade documentation 3ill encoura(e freer mo ement of these commodities 3ithin the re(ion. Other issues in this respect include :i< clarification at "orders 3ith respect to duties and char(es 3ith up to date information on chan(es to "e a aila"le more ?uickl#8 :ii< increase re(ional information re(ardin( production8 demand and priceF :iii< increase credi"ilit# of international or(ani@ations in ol ed in ?ualit# controlF :i < increase accessi"ilit# of 0o ernment ser ices in ol ed in documentationF and : < faster decision makin( "# the 0o ernment to (rant export permission.

21#9

Capa+'tA .u',&'n* o( +$a'n sta)e$o,&ers o( $ort'+u,ture su.;se+tor

=ustaina"le implementation of "est horticultural production and mana(ement practices 3ill "e ensured throu(h Farmer Field =chools :FF=< approach8 3hich can pro ide capacit# "uildin( to (ro3ers8 3omen and children for addressin( the need of producti it#8 ?ualit# impro ement of commodities8 reducin( post har est losses and alue addition. ;# holdin( horticultural farmers field schools8 follo3in( one illa(e one facilitator concept can enhance capacit# "uildin( of chain stakeholders. Facilitators 3ill transfer kno3led(e and skills on the modern mana(ement to horticultural (ro3ers throu(hout the production season :appropriate selection of ariet#8 optimal methods of plantation propa(ation8 fertili@ation8 irri(ation and prunin(<. !he# 3ill also pro ide kno3led(e to (ro3ers on allo3a"le inputs :pesticide8 fun(icide and fertili@er<. &no3led(e on EB*EP0AP pre2 and post2har est food safet# certification scheme for fresh horticultural produce 3ill also "e disseminated. 1orticultural (ro3ers 3ill "e updated on 0AP8 har estin( techni?ues "# follo3in( maturit# indices8 proper har estin( tools4har estin( machine. !he speciali@ed capacit# "uildin(s are re?uired in the field of 0AP8 post har est handlin(8 hi(h ?ualit# trainin( and education on food safet# and ?ualit# (rade and standards8 procedures for proper packin( facilities and IPM philosoph# for rele ant horticulture chain stakeholders ke# informant of horticulture su"2sector.

16.5

Po,'+A an& re*u,atorA (ra%e>or) (or t$e pro%ot'on o( $ort'+u,ture su.;se+tor.

!he proposed re(ulator# polic# measures for the stud# area are "riefl# descri"ed "elo3D a< re(istration of fruit plant nurseries and e(eta"les seed production fields 3ill "e ensured "# the pro incial (o ernment. "< (o ernment 3ill ensure throu(h le(islation the ?ualit# and lia"ilit# fruit plant and seeds from nurseries and fields and the truthfulness of la"els on inputs like seeds8 fertili@ers and pesticidesF c< (o ernment should pro ide incenti es :(rants8 stud# tours and trainin(s< to the re(istered nurser# men and input suppliers. !he proposed production and marketin( of horticulture polic# measures for the stud# area are as underD a< promotion of en ironmentall# safe production practices and packin( materialF "< facilitate stakeholders in ol ed in horticulture "usiness in (ettin( credit from "anks8 other institutions on eas# terms and conditions and as ?uickl# as possi"leF c< esta"lishment and de elopment of modern 3holesale markets8 cold stora(e facilities8 (radin( facilities in the production areasF and d< a aila"ilit# of technical expertise to the pri ate sector for the preparation of feasi"ilit# of an# "usiness related acti ities of horticulture sector. If these proposed strategies are implemented, Pakistan could multiply the existing export of fruits/vegetables from US $ ! million to US $" billion in #0 years time$ %&usiness 'ecorder($
17

22#Re(eren+e ;usiness *ecorder :2613<8 Fruit and 'e(eta"le Exports could hit C+"n mark in 16 #ears8 ;usiness *ecorder He3spaper8 Islama"ad :Mul# 238 2613<. FAO=tate :2612<F 333.fao.or(42612 0oP :2616<F A(ricultural =tatistics of Pakistan8 0o ernment of Pakistan8 =tatistics $i ision8 Pakistan ;ureau of =tatistics. 0oP :2611<F A(ricultural =tatistics of Pakistan8 0o ernment of Pakistan8 =tatistics $i ision8 Pakistan ;ureau of =tatistics. 0oP :2611<F Fruits8 'e(eta"les and -ondiments =tatistics of Pakistan8 0o ernment of Pakistan8 Ministr# of Food =ecurit# E *esearch8 Islama"ad8 2611. 0oP :2612<F Fruits8 'e(eta"les and -ondiments =tatistics of Pakistan8 0o ernment of Pakistan8 Ministr# of Food =ecurit# E *esearch8 Islama"ad8 2612. 0oP :2613a<F Pakistan Economic =ur e# 26122138 0o ernment of Pakistan8 Finance $i ision8 Economic Ad iserAs 7in(8 Islama"ad :2613<. 0oP :2613"<F Fruits8 'e(eta"les and -ondiments =tatistics of Pakistan8 0o ernment of Pakistan8 Ministr# of Food =ecurit# E *esearch8 Islama"ad8 April8 2613. 0oP8 :2613c<F !radin( -orporation of Pakistan8 0o ernment of Pakistan8 Ministr# of -ommerce8 Islama"ad P1$E;. :266+<F Pre2feasi"ilit# =tud#F Esta"lishment of -old -hain =#stem under Hational !rade -orridor Impro ement Pro9ect8 'olume2I 1orticulture Industr#. ;# Arch 'ision -onsultin( En(ineers8 En ironmentalists and Architects. =harif :2612<F 'ertical -oordination to3ards 1orticultural 'alue -hain in Pun9a" PakistanD implications for =mallholders and A(ri"usiness8 =ocial =ciences *esearch Institute8 Hational A(ricultural *esearch -entre8 Islama"ad8 Mul#8 2612. 7orld ;ank. 266,. World Development Report. 7ashin(ton8 $-D 7orld ;ank.

18