Periodic Properties

1. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the n = 4 quantum shell? 2. Predict which atom or ion in each of the following pairs should be larger:(a) Kr or Rb (b) Y or Cd (c) F- or Br 3. Consider the elements selenium (Se) and bromine (Br). Which has the higher first ionization energy? Which has the higher electron affinity? 4. For each of the following pairs of atoms or ions, state which you expect to have the larger radius. (a) Na or K (b) Cs or Cs+ (c) Rb+ or Kr (d) K or Ca (e) Cl- or Ar 5. Which element has the fewest valence electrons? (a) B (b) Ca (c) O (d) K (e) Ga 6. Choose the larger atom in each pair. (a) C or O (b) Li or K (c) C or Al (d) Se or I 7. Choose the larger atom in each pair. (a) Pb or Po (b) Rb or Na (c) Sn or Bi (d) F or Se 8. For each of the following pairs of atoms or ions, state which you expect to have the larger radius. (a) Sm or Sm3+ (b) Mg or Ca (c) I- or Xe (d) Ge or As (e) Sr+ or Rb 9. Predict the larger ion in each of the following pairs. Give reasons for your answers. (a)O-, S2- (b) Co2+, Ti2+ (c) Mn2+, Mn4+ (d) Ca2+, Sr2+ 10. Choose the element with the higher ionization energy from each pair. (a) Mg or P (b) As or Sb (c) N or Si (d) O or Cl (e) Mg or Sr (f) In or Te (g) C or P (h) F or S 11. Choose the more metallic element from each pair.(a) Sn or Te (b) Si or Sn (c) Br or Te (d) Se or I 12. Choose the more metallic element from each pair.(a) Ge or In (b) Ga or Sn (c) P or Bi (d) B or N 13. List the outer electron configuration for each column in the periodic table.(a) 1A (b) 2A (c) 5A (d) 7A 14. Choose the element with the higher ionization energy from each pair. (a) As or Bi (b) As or Br (c) S or I (d) S or Sb 15. Choose the more metallic element from each pair.(a) Sb or Pb (b) K or Ge (c) Ge or Sb (d) As or Sn 16. Choose the more metallic element from each pair.(a) Sr or Sb (b) As or Bi (c) Cl or O (d) S or As 17. Arrange these elements in order of increasing atomic size: (a)Cs, Sb, S, Pb, Se (b) Ca, Rb, S, Si, Ge, F 18. Choose the element with the larger atoms from each pair.(a) Sn or Si (b) Br or Ga (c) Sn or Bi (d) Se or Sn 19. Choose the element with the larger atoms from each pair.(a) Al or In (b) Si or N (c) P or Pb (d) C or F 20. Arrange the elements in order of increasing ionization energy: (a)Ga, In, F, Si, N (b) Te, Pb, Cl, S, Sn 21. Arrange the elements in order of increasing metallic character: (a)Fr, Sb, In, S, Ba, Se(b) Sr, N, Si, P, Ga, Al 22. Choose the element with the higher ionization energy from each pair. (a) Al or In (b) Cl or Sb (c) K or Ge (d) S or Se 23. Predict the larger ion in each of the following pairs. Give reasons for your answers. (a)S2-, Cl(b) Tl+, Tl3+ (c) Ce3+, Dy3+ (d) S-, I24. Without consulting any tables, arrange the following substances in order and explain your choice of order: (a) Mg21, Ar, Br2, Ca21 in order of increasing radius (b) Na, Na1, O, Ne in order of increasing ionization energy (c) H, F, Al, O in order of increasing electronegativity 25. Both the electron affinity and the ionization energy of chlorine are higher than the corresponding quantities for sulfur. Explain why in terms of the electronic structure of the atoms. 26. Arrange the following seven atoms or ions in order of size, from smallest to largest: K, F+, Rb, Co25+, Br, F, Rb-.

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27. Chromium (IV) oxide is used in making magnetic recording tapes because it is paramagnetic. It can be described as a solid made up of Cr41 and O22. Give the electron configuration of Cr41 in CrO2, and determine the number of unpaired electrons on each chromium ion. 28. Which of the following combinations of quantum numbers are allowed for an electron in a one-electron atom? Which are not? (b) n = 3,l= 1, m = 0, ms = - 1/2 (a) n =2, l=2, m = 1, ms= + (c) n = 5, l= 1, m = 2, ms = +1/2 (d) n = 4,l= -1, m = 0, ms = +1/2 29. Which of the following combinations of quantum numbers are allowed for an electron in a one-electron atom? Which are not? (a) n = 3, l = 2, m = 1, ms = 0 (b) n = 2, l = 0, m = 0, ms = -1/2 (c) n =7, l = 2, m = -2, ms = (d) n = 3, l = -3, ms = -1/2 30. Label the orbitals described by each of the following sets of quantum numbers: (a) n = 4, l = 1 (b) n = 2, l = 0 (c) n = 6, l = 3 (d) n = 3, l = 2 (e) n = 7, l = 4 (f) n = 5, l = 1 31. Give the ground-state electron configurations of the following elements: (a) C (b) Se (c) Fe + 2+ + 2+ + 32. Write ground-state electron configurations for the ions Be , C , Ne , Mg , P , Cl , As , and I-. Which do you expect will be paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired electrons? 33. Write ground-state electron configurations for the ions Li-, B+, F+, Al3+, S-, Ar+, Br+, and Te-. Which do you expect to be paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired electrons? 34. Identify the atom or ion corresponding to each of the following descriptions: (a) An atom with ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d10,5s2,5p1 (b) An ion with charge -2 and ground-state electron configuration [Ne]3s2,3p6 (c) An ion with charge +4 and ground-state electron configuration [Ar]3d3 35. Identify the atom or ion corresponding to each of the following descriptions: (a) An atom with ground-state electron configuration [Xe]4f14,5d6,6s2 (b) An ion with charge 21 and ground-state electron configuration [He]2s2,2p6 (c) An ion with charge 15 and ground-state electron configuration [Kr]4d6 36. Suppose that the spin quantum number did not exist, and therefore only one electron could occupy each orbital of a many-electron atom. Give the atomic numbers of the first three noble-gas atoms in this case. 37. Suppose that the spin quantum number had three allowed values (ms = 0,- 1/2 ,+1/2). Give the atomic numbers of the first three noble-gas atoms in this case. 38. How many orbitals are there in (a) the shell with n = 3, (b) the 5f sub-shell, (c) the 2p sub-shell, (d) the 3d sub-shell and (e) the 4d sub-shell? 39. Which atomic orbital has the set of quantum numbers n = 3, l = 0, ml = 0? How do you distinguish between the two electrons that may occupy this orbital? 40. Bromine is a highly reactive liquid, while krypton is an inert gas. Explain this difference based on their electron configurations. 41. Based on periodic trends, which one of these elements would you expect to be most easily oxidized: Ge, K, S, or N? 42. Based on periodic trends, which one of these elements would you expect to be most easily reduced: Ca, Sr, P, or Cl? 43. Explain what is wrong with each electron configuration and write the correct ground state (or lowest energy) configuration based on the number of electrons.(a) 1s3,2s3,2p9 (b) 1s2,2s2,2p6,2d4 (c) 1s2,1p5 (d) 1s2,2s2,2p8,3s2,3p1 44. Which of the following three spheres represents a Ca atom, which an Sr atom, and which a Br atom?

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