t=^

^
D

D
D D
D

&
^S^:^^^y^^!^z~^^

BENi Hasan

IV.

Frontispiece.

BIRDS

IN

ACACIA (Tomb

3;.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT

Edited by
F.

Ll

GRIFFITH.

A'A'/'/v'A

77/

MKMOII;

BENI HASAN
PART
;^OOLOflICAL
HOWARD
CARTK1.\ M. W.

IV.

AND

OTlll'^U,
I'.V

DH'IWILS
am.
I'MIICY

ritOM FAfSIMir.KS

HI.ACKDllX.

1M:i;(JV

IW.'oWN

BUCKMAN

11777/

j)Esci;n"noNs

y;r

the

kditoi:

TWENTY-ONE COLOURED PLATES, AND

SIX

IN

OUTLINE.

SI'KCIAl.

rUHLlCATloX OF

Tllh:

EdYI'T KXrLoliATIoS l-i:XU

LON DON
SOLD AT
TiiK

OFFICES OF TIIF KOYPT KXPLORATION FUND.

AND AT
I>'.',

37,

Gkkat Kusskll Stubot, W.C.

W.C.

Tkhple Sthkkt, Dcuton,

.t

Ma.ss.,

U.S.A.
I{oaii.

ANU

iiv

KKCAN PAUL,
QI'AIUTCH,
15.

TKKN'CMI,
rictAnii.i.v.

TRUJINKK
W.
;

CO., I'atkunostkh Holsb. Charing Cuoss

.V

I!.

ASUKR

Co.,

I:!.

BKiiroRi. Stkket,

Covknt

Gaiii.kn.

W.C.

mou

EGYPT EXPLORATION
iPiCfllDciit.

FITN]).

SIR

JOHN EVANS,

K.C.J5.,

\).C.\..,

IJ-.D.,

I'.IJ.S.

Wicc=B5rc6lIiciit0.
Silt

MAr.NDK Thompson, LL.D.

]].

K.C.I'..,

D.C.L.,

TiiK

Rkv.

W.

C.

Winsi.ow,

]).!).,

D.C.L

(U.S.A.).
(!ki;nki;i,i

Lt.

-Gknkual
Ri:v.

Sir Fii.vNcis G.C.M.Cl., (l.C.H.

Tin: Hon. Chas. L. IIi'tchinson (U.S.A.).

pitoK. G.

Maspkuo, D.C.L. (Fnuico).

I-^uman,

Thr

ruoF. A.

II.

Sayck, M.A.,
Ksq.,

IJ>.1).

Pkof. An.
-''W''^"
j

I'h.lX (Gciniiiiiy).
I'S(|.

Chaulk.s

Diidi.kv Wahnkii, LL.D. (U.S.A.).

L.ll.l).,

^I'^'.'-':ns,

(Auslniliii).

M. CiiAui.Ks IIkntscii (Switwiliuul).

H.ioii.

SicntMirci-y.
\<\

II.

A. GuuniiKU, Esq.,

K.S.A.

C.

P'okteu,

I'ls

I'-osloi,,

U.S.A.).

Ibon. iSccrctaiice.
J.

S.

CoTTOx, Esq., M.A.

The Rev. W.

C.

Winhi.ow, D.D.

(I!,.

1,

U.S.A.).

/Hicmbcvij of Committee

H. Baylis, Esq., M.A., Q.C., V.D. Miss M. Buoduick, Ph.D. (for Boston).
T.
Somp:iis

Francis \Vm. r'EunvAr,,

ruoF.

I'-sq.,

M..\.,

1*'.S..\.

W. M.

F.

I'ETKiE,

D.C.L.,

LL.D.

Clakke, Esq., F.S.A.

I

(for

Chicago).
h^sq.,

W.

E. Ckum, Esq., M.A.

F. G.

Hilton Price,
Cornelius

F.S.A.

AuTiiuu John Evans, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.

F. Ll. Guiffith, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.

Mrs.

Stkvionhon,

Sc.D.

(for

Pennsylvania).
I

Mrs.
T.

p. Ll. Guiffith.

Mrs. Tirard.

Farmer Hall, Esq.

j

John Horniman, Esq., M.P. F. G. Kenyon, Esq., M.A., Lrr'r.D. Mrs. McCluue. The Rev. W. MacGueuoh, M.A. A. S. Murray, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A. The Marquis of Northami-ton.

r
j

The Rev. II. G. Tomkins, M.A. Emanuel M. Underdown, Esq., Q.C. Sir IIi;rjiann Weher, lisq., M.D. K. TowRV Whyte, Esq., F.S.A. Ma.ior-General Sir Charles W. Wilson,
K.C.B., K.C.M.G., F.R.S.

L18T
(WITH liKKMIiKXCK

Oi-'
ACKS

i'LATl']S
()\
^\1||C||
'I'llKV

I.

I'rni;s/,irrr.

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.

XV.

Spiiiiiiii-

ilnva.l.

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ivvnjvin[.M.W.i;.]
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III.

17.

i;urkni;,n|

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IV.

Shrt-lrn-V(l
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liuinl.
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XVll.
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eVnsci-.s

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M.W.I].].
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^-

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Timli
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L"-^
\'I.

XIX.

(Ilassl?^ vas(s.
illKl

Tcnl,
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L'.

II.C.
.

lInn,H. ilisontl.ush.
[ll.<'.]

Tnnil.

;;.

M.w.n.]

.-,.,;

XX.
sM,,t.l,iish.

.M,.fa|.unrkin.n. .! I'wl-niakin'l'"nil'
-'.

\\l.

Shnkc.
[IU-'

ill

Tuiiib

;;

L'l.C.

and I'.K.X?]

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XXI.
sfnii.
'I'

Anhilr.tuial
Ton,i,s
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|)Lr.,rafiuiis.

VUl.

Jleruii

on pupNius
["I.e.]'
ihis

Ii

-;.
.^c.
.

i.i.kx.j

IX.
Sa.-iv.l

XXII.
i-apvi'iis.
.

['in,.,,n

traps,

Tunihs
. .

2,

17
.
.

T.mil.
.
. ;

(uiitliiK'j

X.
XI.

|lf.<'.J

XXIII.

.MiJitaiy

weapons.
. .

Ton.l.
.

2
.

Spunnbill.
ConiKii'aiit

Toinl.
i.ii

;;.

[II.C]

(uutlincj

7.S

iiap\-iiis.
.

Tomli
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XXIV.
;

.M,lil;H-v

wrapuns.
. .

Toml.
.

"'

'
XII.

(II.C]

'.

(untlinc)

Wil.l ,|,'ks.

Touil,

:;.

[II.

C.J.

;-

XXV.

T,H,|s,

iinpl.nirnts,

c.n.ni.-nial

XIII.

"lijccts.

l>r,,./\,u-i\J,/,u\>]n\.

Tonihl.-).

T.anhs

i', ;;

(nntlinc)

""'1

"

'^"'l

-^l-

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;;.
,

XXVI.

Vasrs,

j^lass(y)
;]

an.l

pulhry.
.

["^1

3
I

Tun,l.s J,
I

(uutln.cj

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XIV.

Servants of th.

h'.,.

'[\>mh
.

>.

XXVII.

San.lal-niakin.ssaw,
n.s..al,.s.

wcM^liin.I,

^'''^l

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Tn,l.;;outiinc.r

BE N

I
P A
II.

HA
T
L

N.

V.

TllK

tul,

of

Chi
iac'siuiih^s

iv.[>,

h'olll

wlih

1*1,.

i.

frontispiece.
of

In the

main cluunber of
:'.),

many
II

ol
s

the

In 1kt(^

piihlisluM
r('])r(,SL'iil

tlu!

tomb

(.'hnemhe(ei)
is

(Tomb

over the

(k'l-ivcMl,

VL'iy

iiuuK'iiuatc ly

iloor into the shrine,

a painted scene in which

is

platt's

of

//,///:

lias,
I

//
x:

It

would
iy

Chnemhetep seated behind a screen

at
tlie

dei^icted

eiiuniiuus

Itibuur

to

ur

otherwises
Ijy

moment

wlu'U he closes a clap-net over a

these scenes accurately.

of the early copyists to

Oil

was used

some

numbei- of wild fowl.

pool in A\hicli the net
in
full
is

On
laid

either side of the

is

ring out

the colours,
l)ut
a

an acacia bush
uii
is

and

this process

has not only injured them

l)e

llowt'r,

with

birds

[jerched
lliis

the

eventually caused them to

coat of tenacious dirt
the

hidden under

branches.

general idea of
in

scene
ii.

given

and dust.

Thus, while

by the coloured drawing

the outline in
of the general
//.//.
I.,

L.

!>.,

l;;o,

but

Work

iu the

other tond)s at Heni Hasan was

xxxiii.,

shows

little

even
plate

carefully traced,

and the outlines from tliem

as

features.

In the

iireseiit

published

in //.//.

Land

II.

are trustw(.rthy, Imto

fall

we have
[)lete
:

the bush on
it

the right
a,

hand side comtwo

this splendid

tomb wo were obliyed

back
1

upon

are

redstart,

Nubian

upon the vcuy

imperl'ect small-scale copies of

lay

shrikes

{IjhiiIiis

.\'/(///(/^^)--oIle

of

them with

and Lepsius, and construct from them rough outlines for publication.

wings outstretched
Titrlnr Slmriiii.

and

a turtle dove, perhaps

Messrs. Carter, Blackden

On

the water are ducks, and

and others have, however, made sojnc careful

coloured drawings of details, and
it

the

brown wing

of another

duck

is

visible as it

is

to

be

rises.

Water

is

indicated behind the tree,

the ropt' of the net.

and
is

hoped that their example

will

be followed by

on the top
the
.1/.

left is

Below
the

future workers, for the paintings are of ipiite

coloured
Ii;

band

which

frames

door.

exceptional importance, and

though so nuich
i)rt'ser\

lllarblni, ISDI.

obscured are
plates
in

still

in

fair

atinn.
all

The
from
Pi.s. II.
t>i

the

[)resent

volinne

are

l\^ illustrate three extreme varieties

coloured drawings of the size of the original,

the last six plates having been produced with

of domesticated dogs.

In

IT.

ii.

is

a greyhound,

which may be compared with the Nubian greyhound, or slugld,

antelope.
It is
still

the kind help of

]\Iiss

A. A.

I'irie

fi-om ti-aced

used in the chase of the

copies of the coloured drawings.

one of two greyhounds pictured

ill

ihv
3

k.llll.
iis

(>r

.AllMMlrllllnt,
nil

Crnllll.
It

L',

nut

The wiM
has
a

cat of l':gypt
tail.
is

is

[<'rUs

rinnis,

which

T(iiiil)

staled

llir

pluk^j.

has prick
;

broad

Frlis urn iilnihila, with a long

ears and a
its

sliai'[ily
a,

coiled
collar.

tail like

pui^-

round

tapering

tail,

louiid only

fai-

south, though

it

neck

is

broad
1.,

The

do<^

represented

may have

strayed to the Delta,

it

when Egypt was

rate, the

with

it (//.//.

xiii.)

has short lop ears and a

^vilder than

now

is.

At any
from

animal
tail

short uptnrned

tail.

Jhunird Cirlcr.

iigured in this plate has the long tapering

of

the

mil

iiii-nliilii,

which

latter

our

I'l,.

IIF. (/;.//.

![.,
.L!,rey

xiv.).

strongly. built

domestic breeds are supposed to be derived, and

Dr. Anderson thinks the present example really
iigures a domestic cat.

hound, coloured

and

tan, the tail

ending

curiously in a Avhite knob, which, according to

Professor
ficially
IVoiii

Ray

Ijankcster,
if
it

must have been

ever existed.

artiis

tame

cats are
;

often
this

In New Kingdom pictures shown accompanying the

})roduced,

This

sportsman

but

animal seems to be indepen-

the

tomb

of Cliety

(Tomb

17), Avhere

it

dent of him.

Still, it
is

must be remembered that

even
the
artist

appears with several other dogs.

I'crrij

Baclnnan.

the domestic cat

for
itself;

veiy apt to stray and hunt

if

moreover,
to

Avas

V\..

IV.

/;.//. T.,

XXX.).

still

more reinarkthe type fully

attempting

portray a wild

cat,

he

may have

aldc variety, a dachshinid

liitch,

thought the house-cat a sufficiently good model.

lloivard Cnytvr.

developed.

In the original, on the X. wall of

(Note that in the draAving the

Tomb

shown along with ;i male animal of the same kind and a givyhound acconipanying their master, Chncmhetcp. I'virii Itiirknian. The fact that these well-marked breeds of
3, it is

papyrus

is

greener, the dark outlines are black,

and the

gi'cys

throughout arc darker.)

Pls. YI., Vll.

side

The
to

soni bush on the opposite

dogs existed as lar back as L'OOO

to

B.C.

may

Icail

of the

pool

that
of

in

the Frontispiece

interesting

spcouLitions

as

to

the

period

furnishes

the

subjects
(I'l.

these

two
of

plates.

and manner of their de\elopinent.

specialization really date

Does their

The hoopoe
branches,
is

vi.)

on

one

the

lower

from the time -when

fairly true

to nature,

though the

human

beings began to

employ them
()r jiad

intelli-

Egyptian
crest,

artist has

not

made

the most of the

to fork

gently for special

work?

the breeds

nor has the

tail

any such tendency

already attained their main distinctive features l)y a process of natural selection before man

as

is

indicated by his drawing.

Iloivanl Carter;

slightly

reduced

in ])latc.

began
Vl.

to exercise his influence

upon the race

In

Far better, and indeed the best figure

whole
collection, is that of the
;

in the

red-backed shrike
criticise

V.

{11.11.

I.,

xxxiv.).

the toml) of

in PI. vii.

even an ornithologist could

Ilninivil

Chnemhetcp, on either side of the doorway over which the birds in the w*;// bushes are iigured,
is

only details.

Carter;

full size.

much

larger sporting scene.

fish (/;.//.

In the one
I.,

I'r.s.

VIII. to XI.
arc
all

(/.'.//. I.,

xxxiv.).

The

birds

Chnemhetep hnri^ons two

in

xxxiv.),

here

siio-\vn

either perched on or flying

the other

lie

is

casting the

throw-stick at
xxxii.).

o\er the papyrus stems in the harpooning scene

birds in the papyrus marshes

{lb.,

In

from the toml) of Chnemhetep.

In PL

\iii. is

the former scene arc sundry small animals, genetcats and the like, climbing the papyrus stems
in search of their prey, the
nests.

some kind

of heron standing on a flowering head

of papyrus.

The

latter

is

as usual convention-

young

))irds

in

the

alized to an inverted bell-shai)e, with a regular

On
its

stem

of papyrus,

which

bends

hard outline.
about
1'
:

Iloirard Caiicr; scale in jDlate,

beneath

weight,

sits

the cat here

fiiiiired.

;'..

/,OOL()t;i('Ah

AND
liciu

(irillOl!

DKTAI
'i'iie

I'l,.

L\.

'I'liL'

li.mirc

ur a sanv.l
...ininnii
IliriH',

il.is

claim to be good,
satisfactory.

colouring

is

very un-

shnwii a^

uuv

ui'

the

wild

l.irds

of

Kgypt,
breed

lull,

now

iiiilsiKiwii

IIioul^Ii
l.c
c^

said to

Figs.

1,

2 are

examples from
is

this scries.

'I'he

al

Wa.ly

IlalR'li

and

tu

nu

in

fusl, ^Ir.

Bowdler Sharpe

inclined to take for

it is

the latitude nf Kliartuuni.

repivsriitatioii rrcalls
dotiis,
ii.

'I'liis

vrry
of

laillilul

a jiainled snipe.

In the Egyptian label

thus

tlii'

diisci'iptiuii

lleru-

cap.

7li.

Ihuriinl ('arlrr.

"Its
is
.
.

."

call name is '/'.'///'/, 'the hider its The other liird, which resend)les a
'

IM.

X.

A
'I'he

si..M.iil)ill,

flyinn-

<lnwinvanls,

bittei-n,

is

called
1
:

Ir'jiii-,
_'.

" the concealei'."

Iluinird

pi'i-liiips

ciuU'avuiiriii^ti,-

to scare the cat

from

its

Carter; scale
Figs. 3,
1

yuuiiLi.

yellow

legs

are

;i

noticeable

(/;.//. I.,

xxxiv.).
to,

In the harpoon-

mistake; they should have been coloured black.

JloiranI

ing

scent'

already
is
a,

referred

Chnemhetcp's
In

Cnin:
From
;

instrument
lig.
I,

bideut with

long shaft.

the barbed heads, with the lashing, are

the

I'l,.

XL

the

outline,

evidently

shown transiixing
their colour

heads of the big hsh

coi-niorant

i)ut

here again the Egyptian was

may

indicate metal.

In the same

much

at fault in his eoloiuing, the glossy grccul)y

scene an attendant holds a spare harpoon and a

reel of cord, lig. 3,

black being rendered

a brown.
to

The white
indicate the

which

is

evidently meant to
reel itself
(cf.
is

under parts may be intended

little

revolve in
sign
i
/'(/,

its

cormorant, which, according to Sukij-ky

of
l'!'Ji!l>f,

The meaning "cord"

handle.

the

VtaJihelci> I.,

(///n/.s

p.

^''''))

'^

common amongst
In hierogly"(j,

lig. 21J(),

J).

33),

and the handle resembles s=>,

the reeds of the Hirket

I^hics this bird
is

el

(^>urn.

the

alphabetic

phonogram

Ibr

0.

Iluirard

the word-sign for

as yet

" enter,"

Carter; scale 1:3 (not 2:3).

In the greatscene

for

some reason
its

unknown
enterer."
i)ird
l'

perhaj)s on
its

account of

neat and ready diving

name
of
"^j-.
.

I'n.

XIV.

(/.'.//.

L, xvii.).

may have
hieroglyphic

been
type

"the
the

In

printed

oHei'ings

to
in

Amenendiat
the
jjriesls

on

the

S.

wall
is

is
:

rendered
."..

of Tond) 2,

rigiit-liand

top

corner,

Howard
I'l,.

('Krtcr; scale al)out

a representation of the

engaged.

They
is

arc placed in two short rows, of which one

XII.

No.

(//.//.

I.,

xwiii.

?)

seems

to

here

given.

Over each person

Tiie
lirst

is

short

be intended

for a conunoii wild duck.

')
:

Ilmrard
xxxiii.)
;

inscrii)tion.

man

is

the liu-k\ "servant

Om-tcr; scale

S.

No. 2

{11.11.

1.,

of the

/,(/,"

to

whom was

entrusted the business

group from the wild fowl netted by Chnemhctcp

apparently the ruddy sheldrake,
'l\ulorn(i- riillln,

of seeing that these sej'vices were carried out

for difl

the
(/tdj.

decea.sed.
i/n

His action

is

described as

which

is

very conunon ou the lakes of Lower

hn-k\ "giving cold water by the

is

Egypt and the Faiyum.

about 2:3.
Pi. XIIL,

Jlmrdnl ('micr

scale

licii-ka,"

and he

pouring Avater fi'om a spouted

ewer (the symbol of cold water in hieroglyphics) into a bowl placed on a stand, probably lor the
figs.
1,
-2

{II. II.

II.,

iv.).

On

the

washing of the bauds.

His

dress

is

simply

N. wall of the tomb of IJa^t a long

birds
is

series of

a short tunic, but he wears the wig and

artificial

disjjlaycd,

and with them

bats.

One

of

beard usually assumed on ceremonial

occjisions.

those birds,

^^

tak r

"""'' ^^^^ iivocet, is easily

Behind him

is

the

seiii,

a priest probably of high

recognized
beak.

by the peculiar formation of the

rank, Avho leads the services.

usually

His dress

is
is

that

Only the outlines of these figures can

worn by

this functionary,

and

very

I!

EN'

HASAN.
///

reiniirk;il)lc'.
is

In ndditiuii
ill

In

ihc

sliorl

liiiiic he.

lea,<ling

the ircitation, the lectors following

wnipp.Ml
l.ai,

Imii.lsnm,.

I..np;,r,l-skin,
lu'ld
in

liunIhrvr
riohl,

diile the uli-L.rings arc

brought
the

in

ai:.!

tln^

meal
the

t.vcr tlic
liy

sIk.uMci-

and

i^laci
ll,,.

njoyed,

and,

(inally,

(lei)arture

of

ablnciuul red l)and

'I'Iil^

j.ass.'d

inidrr
falls

M. W.

JU.<ir/.;ln,

INUI

arm.
hrcasi

lirad
tail

ul'

tin;

animal

nn

the
I'l.

and the

hangs between the legs of the

wliolc urrangenient secure

XV.

(//.//.

[.,

xxix.),

In the

tond) of

man, who keeps

grasping

tlie

C!hnendietep part of the \V. wall --especially in

the two lower rows south of the door

by pulling the right hind leg round him and

it

is

occupied

with his

left

hand.

On

the shoulders
is it

with scenes of manufixcturing.

these

In the upper of

are two strings, the ends of a bow-knot, whicli

two

roAvs

is

a series of three scenes repretextiles.

lirst

sometimes seen in the form 7=A: probably

served
to

senting

the manufacture of
is

Begin" spin-

retain

the

band on the shoulders. and terminate

is

ning at the right there

ning,"
,s7
;

girl
is
is

The
in

strings puss through beads (?)

'L'he

next a

woman
(?)

lusu,

Avhich

perhaps
spun, or
;

button-like objects q.

attitude

that

" clearing

the thread

" after it

of a
"''

man
lirst

declaiming, and his inscrijition I'eads

(?)

drawing out the strands ready

lastly

for spinning
t<ht,

and

n race

granted by the king': the si-m,"

tlie

there are two Avomen

is

" weaving."

the

words being the commencement of

The spinner
and
is

the subject of the jjresent picture,

well-known formula by which the dei'eascd was

enabled
to

probaltly atpiite

young

gii'l

Iler hair

is

enjoy aJjiuidant food and attendance.

third pi-icst, distin-

curiously arranged in two

she
is

ilaps.

iVpparently
at

Behind the sem stands a

guished from the
of white linen,
/'((.-servant

working

two

spin<lles

once,

imc

by a shoulder band
from
the
tunic.

tlangling in the air, the other in her

to be

hand ready

which

starts

spun

the strands are

drawn from separate

but
in

This

is

the characteristic badge of the -'hhrrhrl,

"lectors,"

vessels.

Other instances of spiiuiing with two

/.'.//.

priests," or

who

cai'ried
it.

the

roll

of

spindles occur in
1.,

11., xiii.

AV

/.'.

the ritual and recited

from

The
(jf
a,

xnih

was

xxvi., each

gii'l

has one spindle mdy.

is

The
uu-

apparently also
order.

a,

hlicrlich^

Imt

superior
Irlirrhrh

ligure,

though curiously di'awn,

feet.

not

In the

present
roll,

instance

the
is

pleasing apart from the

Ilmrnnl Carlvr.

carries the

papyrus

and he too
(?)

reciting.

" Piling

up
:

offerings,

'Grace
"

that

the

king

grantcth'
is

t\iG kite rhrh."

is

Below

his right

hand

written " It

pure

apparently a blessing
(in
//.//.
1.,

XVI. (//.//. I., xii.). At the 8. end of W. wall of the tond) of Amenendiat is a scene I'epresenting a number of musicians perI'l,.

the

on the ollcrings.
In the
xvii.)

forming
harpist,
lectors with

there are a

male harpist, a female

second row of priests

see

and below, three women clapping hands

we

three
rolls,

their
:

bands
" re-

and another holding a sistrnm.

represented in this plate.
seven-stringed,
is

and papyrus
ordinary
is

sitting

and reciting

The harpist Her harp, which

made, but
It stretches

is is
is

citing spells of spiritualizing,

'
'

?)

lectors."

by numerous (or Behind them another

l)ut

as usual stoutly

merely a curved piece of wood.

strings

the

1,-herlieh

walking away,

with

his

face

probably by
size,

certain

elasticity,
is

but

always turned towards the deceased,

in his

lie holds

although of large

the instrument
It

without

"

hand a strip of linen (?), and his legend is Removing the foot by the Irhrrlich." Altogether we have in these two i-ows a conFunei-al Ritual

any stem
in oi'der

to iix

the strain.

seems to be
it is

placed in a kind of shoe, to which

that
it

also tied,

mav

stand upright on a firm

cise resiimi'' of the scene of the

base, the

i)erformer kneeling while she plays.

is

the bringing water for washing before lood, the

The

harpist

in

the usual costume of Egyptian

/,(

)!,()(;

I(

'A

1,

ANIi
this

woiiuMi.
l.y

\W\uni\ her

is

;iii

iii>( riinifiil

can-ic.l
iv-

occur-,
b'oin

in

front

of

tj,,. il,,.

[-m-v
,

..f

the

lifth

a .Uvai-r wmniui,
ill

;ni,l

wl.i.-h

cvi.lri.tly

ligurc
Kig.
-')

the

left, ,s

Hit line

sketch (see
in

vulvcs
passes.

its
1(

IiiiikIIc, tln-MU,-li
hi'

which Uu;
as

shafi
(o

of a

fa.'e,

skdiully drawn, but

all

very
It
is

iiiigliL

iiiU'i'|ii-L'UMl
l)iit it

tan

diU'cnmi

style from

vU:
the

in

the

|.,nd..

keep

tilt'

hiirpist

cool;

seems rather

lo

characteri.ti.:

woi'k

of

Wllllh
who

Dynasty.
the
their
to

forrcspuiKl to the sisti'uin in the

to
l.e

row below and

I'crliaj.s
it is
a,

Mvidently one of the

IJeni

scribe>

visited
left

musical instrument.
In

Hasan tombthere
(cf.

.at

that time an<l

I.,

kiml of clapjier.
outline of the

(he drawin,-;

we
arm,

see

tiie

gi-aliiti

/.'.//.

xxxviii.)

wished

harpist's
crossing-

hody, and

that of the
wdneli,
slij)s

show how
faci'
:

dill'crcntly

he would have drawn a

contra>t
is

harp as well
however,
is in

her

right
l)oth.

certainly
I

the

-reat.

Mr.

front of

them

Such

Bhirkd
cise

are freijuent even in the hest Mgyptiau di'uwing.

wing follows careiully the prebi-nshdines of the artist, which ai'c unfortuFig..")

M. W. lllarhlru, ISDl.

nately run together in the pianted copy.

(/'.//.
I.,

.xvii.)

sIkjws vases

on a table, from
olterings

I'l,.

XVII.

(//.//.

I.,

.xvii.,

xviii.j.

The
ol'

the

right

hand end of

the

before

eeusers in the scenes of oU'erings in the tonih

,\menemliat.

The

vessels are

round-bottomed,

Amcncnihat are very

kind.
J'lach eonsists

line

examples of their
Hilton

and are placed apparently on boxes of coloured

clay or
clay,
scale

of a long white handle

as
in
ls\v.

dough

(?).

One

is

stoppered with Idack

it;

probahly of ivory,
original specimen

i'rice's

varied hy coating with other

In the
halfis

and has blue lotuses twined round :!'. M. IT. ISbirkdcu, 18!JI.

substances, probably eopi)er and gold.

hand
Avay

is

the

bowl, or censer propiu', and

a
little

I'l,.

XIX.

(/;.//.

I.,

xvii.).

Vessels of glass

(?)

down

the handle

box

for

the
of

IVom the ollerings

to

Amenenihat.

These repreit
ol'

n)und dark

balls of incense.

The colouring
tip

sentations are especially

scarcely be

important, for

can
the

the llame, yt'Uow or red with green

for

the

doubted that the originals

lines
to

smoky

top,

is

worth note.
lid

'L'he inoiU;

of fastena,

bine vessels with rippled

I'robably
the
artist

were of

glass.

ing the sliding

of the

little
is

box by

lie

meant
I'cd

show

tlieni

as

round two projecting knobs

clearly indicated.

placed
ilisplay
niadi!

ill

dcTp cups of

pottery in order (o
:

The name of the censer at least in the New Kingdom was -v-/'//'//"/, meaning probably a thing "which propitiates." .1/. IT. llhirLuIn,,

them

to

better

advantage

that

he

the liius of the gla.ss \essels continuous

thos(! of tlK^

with
1)0

pottery

is

tietail

which

may

IS'Jl.

forgiven.

The

[xittery

cups stand on ring

stands, solid in the one ca>e and of

I'l.

open work

Will. MisoeUaueuus
left

subjects.

In the

in the other.

Lotus lluwers are placed in the

lower

hand comer of the scene of olterings

mouth and
of the
.1/. II'.

in

two small
vessels.
I.

lateral spouts of each

to the wife of

Amenemhid

(//.//.

I.,

xviii.) are
;

glass

Ilmninl Cnrlvr.

1'.

two burning censers on upright stands

the latter

man
;

lU.irhlrii.

standing by holds a tray of oiferings and a fan

is

In

I'l.

xxvi. Figs.
I

and

L'

are other examples

presumably intended
is

to

keep the
\vork of

of similar vessels,
Iletep,

being from the oHerings to

(//.//.
I.,

charcoal alight, and

art in

evidently a
1).

little

wife of

iVmenemhat
less detailed, in

xviii.),

cunning binding (Fig.

in

In a correto

and
to

2,

which

is

from the
I.,

ofl'erings

sponding place

the

scene
1.,

of otlerings
.wii.)

Chnemhetep
It
is

Tomb
is

.")

(/>.//.

xxxv.).

Amenenihat himself {H.I I.

figure
is

the same
in

the
that

loloration
glass

whiih
the

most strongly
of these

seen,

and

in

the

same row

which

suggests

material

vt^ssc.ls.

I'.iit

(his
iJic

iiiipivssinii
pi'ciilia.i'
ul'

is

still
IJil^

liirllicr

interior of
until

tlu'se

had

to

he

carefully gixunid

cuiilinncd
rim, and
our.

hy

Inriii,
cnl,,!!)'

iinri'dW

the

surlac was bright and smooth, and

this

tlic (lilicrouc-f

in

ihr.

rim uC

the contrast of

ground surface with the

is

v.x:un\)\v, all
iiiiy

(.ndiii-;

t.i

dilibiviitiatc

Uicm
Wh:

natural
glance.
l''igs.
1

lusti'e

of the exterioi'
therid'ore,

noticeable at a
as

from
idc;i

ivpivscidal inns cf ixiltcry.

'[\>

Scenes,

such

that

in

that

the vas(>s
tlio
;

may
hut
a,

ha-ve

Iiccii

of

some
<>l'

and

In are

precluded by their date from

as

ViU'iegatcd stuiR;

poculiar
in

cdloiiriii;^-

the

l)eing

considered
In

representations

of glass-

rim

is
is

an objection

ancient

;;iass

the

blowing.

tombs of the Old and Middle

are very

rim

generally added in

sei)arat(^ ])iece, orten

Kingdoms they
glass

common

and
of

if
it

blown
also

of a different colour.
vessels at Tell el
llue

The

ccjlours in tlu;

,!^iass

had
])v

existed

then

remains
such

Amarna were very

produced

varied, hut
Ijein^i;-

would

conunon, whereas

are

really

was the commonest

most
oi'

ainono- them, as
;

unknown.
This scene
of Tondi
J,
is

the

easily

hands of dlH'erent
ol'

from the N. side of the W. wall

colour
readily

shade on the

lj(tdy

the

vase are

whei-e
of

as

usual

it

is

associated
//.//.
II.,

drawn

into regular
is still

waves by "cond)ing"'
Hitherto only

with
vii.,

scenes
xi\'.).

metal-weighing
it

(cf.

while the material

viscid.

I]vidcntly

belongs

to

a series
the

heads and small objects arc

earlier than the

known of a pei'iod XVllIth Dynasty, Imt by that

is
it

repi'esenting

metal-working,

and

shows

blowing of the furnace to heat the metal

whethei' glass or other^sufHciently to render
it

time such absolute perfection had been attained

ill

the manufacture of oi)ai[ue glass that

it

woi'kable.

The men arc blowing through

in

only probalde that vessels could be made of

as early as the

hollow canes
tect the
fire

}M-imitive fashion,

and

to pro-

Xllth Dynasty.

ends of these feeble blow-pipes from the

is

each

tip[)cd

with a considerable mass of

I'r,.

XX.
in

(/;.//.

[.,

xi.,

row
br

J),

'i'he

repre-

lire-clay;
(like that

the pale grey colour of this material

ol'

sentation

Kigs.

and

has

often

been
it

the walls

(;f

tlu;

furnace) gives to

interpreted as glass-blowing, and indeed

singularly

is

the instrument a particularly close resemblance

to the tulie of the glass-blower.

suggestive

of

that

manufacture,

Comparing the
tondjs

except that the furnace seems inade(juate.

Hut

scene with corresponding pictures from

of the

blown
tion,

glass

is

a-

comparati\ely modern iu\en-

XVIltth Dynasty e.g.

in

the tomb of

and

it is it

difficult to lay one's

hand on any
than

llekhmara at Thel)es we

fnid a great

improveInstead

specimen of

undoubtedly

eailier

Roman
became
glass
it.c.

ment introduced

in

furnace-blowing.

times, though the discoveiy of the art spread so

of depending on their lungs for the blast, the

rapidly that
littered

the

Koman world
and
iifth

soon

workers have instituted bellows moved by the

feet,

with
the

blown glass
fourth

bottles.

All

and the strong blast passes through a tixcd

is

vessels of

centuries

reed into the furnace, while the blow-pipe

found in Greece and

Italy,

and

all

those of the
in

used for finer Avork only.

XVIIIth and XlXth Dynasties found

Avcre

Egypt
of
the

In the

XXVIth Dynasty
other obsolete

tiie

old

rei)resenjjaintings,

formed on moulds.
still

Tlu'

muTow mouthed

tation Avas duly revived in the

like

tomb
of

bottles

show
the

in their interior the ellect

many

scenes

the

Old

contact with

rough ashv surface of

Empire.
probably

Even
ciuitc

at that time glassdjlowing

was
dis-

The glass being opaque, the appearance of the interior was immaterial, and might never be known until the bottles were lirokcu.
mould.

unknown.

The date

of

its

covery, marking a very important era in the

industry, recjuircs investigation.
Figs. 2,
2(1.

But with cups and bowls

it

was otherwise; the

The pot-making on

the wheel

is

/.n()|,()(l|('A|,

AM
"l'<'l'c'ty (Tomb 17j. l'igc,.n trap.s, one closed over a bird, the otiier open and a pigeon flying

iva.lily

inic'Ili-il,!,.:

tl.

n,;,,,

is

Iumv
cnt
th.>

shown
it oil'

Iiavin- Ini-niol the IhavI

IVuni
th,.

and

al.ui.t tu

mass wiUi the

tliis

strini^-.
is

In

s.-oios

to

it.

I'rohably

the

trap

IVom which
l)(>ttery
is

consisted

ii-nrc

taken (he
lail
I,

inil.aked

WMuden flames with

''"
'"'
il'<'

nets, clo.sing
is

always slmwn as -ivy,

Fi^irs.

of two by a spring or

|,(s
l',

takm
/'.

iiiechanisin
is
P.'^l"

nut uf the furnace are iv.L

<'arln;
scah'
I :

not clear in the

lluwnl
/v'.

l''<'liiiTs,

and no net
^^I'il''

visible.
.l^'-ey,
is

The pigeon,
fairlv' well
/'.'

J;

\,

-2,1,

ti^acin-s
1
:

hy

'"'"'"''

""I

Mr,rhcrr,j.

Scale in plale ahuut

5.

''''"''''''
al(

'''!"

"I"urcd .Irawing

l,v

/;,./..

I'f..

XXr.

Illustratinns
is

of

the
in

heautifnl
suine cases
I'l-

locoration which

Ininid,

llmn-h
walls
of

X.Xlll.,

Fig.

(//.//.

1..

xiv.).

very nnich
ilasiui

Tondj

<lehase<l, .,n

the

..f

the

IJeni
ol'

"! Amenendiat.

Knd

of the h.ng spear used

the

t()in])s.
is

The shrine
panelled
sculptui'e)
all

by

the

tonil.

two men
'I'Jie

to
is

destroy

Chnenihetep
alone

battlements of a

fort.

round

(in

fresco
false
.i^ood

foi't

coloured dark, as built of unburnt

Avitliout
all

with elahoratc

clay or brick.

As shown
is

in

doorways,

the full scene the

of

the

same pattern.
]\[i'.

A
E.

top of the wall

civnellated,

and

it

example

seoms as

if

is

oiveii in this plate.

.1.

New-

horry notes that the settin-- out of the pattern is very irregular. The wooden ch.or with its l>olts is represented in the middle of each.

rectangular woo.len balconies i)rojccted from it at intervals, thus aliording the besieged bettor

There

(onnnand of an laiemy appi-oacliing close to the wall. The attack with the spear is made from
behind the shelter of a large shield. Once the battlements were destroyed the power of the defence would be considerably diminished, and
the Avails themselves could be sapped. The head of the Aveapon in the hand of the attacking party is Avhite, the shaft black: perhaps the
Avhitc

is

perhaps no

otlu'r
])ut

dec(n-atiou of this

kind at JJcni Hasan,

the rlidr.y frieze and

all

looped cords at the sides arc typical of nearly

the tombs, as
Il.ir. I.

may

be seen from the plates in

is

and

II.

Tlic present illustration

taken

from the .. end of the N. wall of the shrine, and shows the W(,rk from tlui llo,,r level to the
ceilin;

head
but

is

hut

merely the shai-pened end of a

(liireivnf

the

second

and
Tlie

yellowish

pole,

the

coloui's

may

chrkrr

denote

is

from the

S. wall.

base imitates

difl'crent
/'.

materials.

The ceiling of the shrine has the same pattern as that marked "Tomb 23,
detail at

red speckled granite.

The coloured drawinn- hy

I :

liroini- scale, about

2!.

Fig.

(/;.//.
ill

I.,

.xiii.).

Attendant

A."
Tondj

on

Amenemhat,
the

L';-5 is one of the most chd^orate in the lieni Hasan group, Tombs 2

The

pro])ortioned, carrying a lar"-e

ceiling of

battle-axe of the usual form.

The
a

features of

man

are not clear, and

in

(/'//.

I.,

vi.)

and

that respect this

safe

alone

besi.les

having
details
yV,.,,;-

tracing must not be considered

ceilings at all decorated.

liere

auide.

The plan and

,/.

The
1
:

coloui-ed di'awing

bv

/'.

Ununi;
Fr,,m

given need no e.\j)lanation.

Jan.
1.S!).'5.

scale

about

a;.

2^.

//<////,

Fig.

(//.//.

I.,

xvi.).

the

battle

scene

in

Tl.

XXII., Fig.

(/;.//.

[.^

;,,.ii.,

row

5).

one of

birds carried tied up in a bundle of i-ecds suspended from a yoke; tomb of Amenemhat.

Two

fomb of Amenemhat. A foreigner, thivc, armed wiih a curved club oithe

behind

Scale in phitc about

Figs. 2, 3

throw-stick and a battle-axe; hand of the man him holding a spear. The reddish
in these i)eoi)le
is remarkable, strongly contrasts with

'!},.

colour of the hair

F,,.n,

(/;.//. II.. xlv.).

the

tond,

and the yellow

llcsh-tiiit

BKNI
tlic

irARAN.
incense,
j

red Hesli-tint of

tlio

I'liiji^tiaii

men.
clul),

See

and the

'ij

amulet

(see

IficroijIijiiJis,

the liieroglyphic sigiiificaurc of the

fjh/pli^, p. 51
.

llirro!

p. (10).

The
1
:

(oU)Uiv(l (h'au'iiig

hy lhn,nl

Fig.

5 (//.//.

I.,

xii.).

The

sisti'um

accom-

Carter

scale

2^.

panying
above
in

the

nnisical

instruments
I

described

connexion

Avith

'I.

xvi.

Evidently
is

Pi.
(ifth

XXIV.,

Fig.

(/?.//.

F.,

xvi.,

hfth r.nv.
;

it

is

of

wood

the base above the haiidle

(?),

figure

1V..1.1

lelT).

Fr(,in S. side

of K. wall
slicatli
in

cai'ved into a

grotesque.mask of Hathor
pi'ojections,

with

in toiiili of

AiiicneinlKit.

Daggvr

in

peculiar curved
loi'
'

perhaps intended

girdle.

The
2

l.eltand

fall

of the white loin-.-loth

c(mvcntionali/.ed horns of the ITathor cow.

rattle itself
is

in froni-. ai'e lilack.

The

in

a,

shoi-t

wooden frame, and

metal
to

Fig.

{11.11.

T.,

xiii.).

Bow and
hy
of

slieaf of
j

consists

pei'haps

of

bars

of

clash

arrows,

lield

linri::nii/<ilhi

afienda.nt

of' togethei'.
Figs, n, 7
i

Ainenemhai.

The colouring

the
that

bow red
it

{I'..

II. T.,
it,

xi.,

row
the

2)-

Mallet, and
a

outside, yellow inside

suggests
row
l').

may be
fi'om a

chisel

struck

by

in

hands of

car-

composite.
Fig.
;>

penter.
Fig. S.

{U.K.
theii-

T., \i.,

Arrows,

White stone
^^y

(?)

for

polishing

or

scene of
wall
in

manidacture on X. side of
of Amenendiat.

\V.
j

plaiung Avood, worked

a carpentei-.

Fi-om

tomb

The heads are

form, the
j

same scene
llnininl

as Figs. H, 7.
di-aAvings,
I,

dark grey

and of a very

])eculiar

The coloured
i'iirtr.r;

Figs.

1,
;

('.,

7,

S,
IF.

points rcsendding the bai'bed tang of oi'dinarv

Vnrtj
2.

llnuni

.".,

M.

arroAV-heads

i)0ssibly

it

Avas

formed

by a
a,

lllncl-dcn.

Scale

crosoent-shapcd edge with the i)oint added in

separate piece
(V).
I.,

Vl.
xvi.,

XXVL,
1

Figs.

1,

2 {ll.JL
PI. xix.

I.,

xviii.,

xxxv.).

Fig. 4 {B.H.

vow

.'),

third

figure

See aboA'e, description of

Fig.
is

Glass

(?) vases.
;

from
Avitli

left,

crossed

by another
(?)
;

spear).

Spcnr

footed

on a lump of clay grey zig-zags,

glass,

Icnobbed butt and metal

head.

Arm

of

greenish

blue
:

with

I'im

pale

man
red
;

holding
Initt

it,

Indian

red

shaft,

Venetian

greenish blue

from

W. end

of S. wall in

tomb of

and point darker.

(//.//.
I.,

Amenemhat.
Spear
with plain
stand
;

Fig. 2 stands
it

perhaps on a ring

Fig.

xiv.).

round

are

gourds and cucumbers,

grey or bluish
of
;

butt

the end perhaps merely sharpened wood.

coloured green.
the stand red
hetep.
Fig.
?)
:

The
from

glass, plain
S. Avail of

Yellow, with blackish point.

figure from
left,

Held by second
side

tomb

Chnem-

in

5th

row on N.
Figs.
1, 8, 4,

of

E. wall.

{ll.ll. I., xvii.).

l)0wl,

on ring stand;
;

The coloured drawings,

Ciirter, 18!)5
;

llmnn-il
1
:

coloured pale blue, perhaps glazed

liasket-Avork,

the cover of
black,
in

figs. 2, 5,

/'.

Ilnnni.

Scale

'I.

yellow,
K.

])roA\'n

and
Avail

Avith

loop.

From

end

of S.

tomb

of

Pl.
in

XXV.,
2,

Fig.

{ll.n.

I.,

xi.,

row

2).

Adze

Amenendiat.
Fig. 4 (//.//.
I.,

hand of carpenter, cutting wood.

Figs.

xvii.).

Pied jMittery

cup on
In the
is

(//.//. I.,

xxix., iT)w l\).

Sickles

ring stand, stoppered i)erhaps with clay.

set Avith separate teeth, jjrobahly flints.

Middle

Kingdom

the

name
JLIf.,

of beer

often

Fig.

{ll.ll.

T.,

XXXV.,

5th

row, held

by

detci'miued by or connected
(e.g.
col.
Siiil,

with
I.,

this

hgure

third figure from

left).

Ceremonial apparatus

Tomb

1,

xvii.

offerings,
it is

probably

for the service of

consisting

of

cask(>t,

Opening the ^lonth bails and lumps df

21

from right.

So presumablv

the

eiiuivalent of a bcei'-boftle, stoppered to prevent

/()()!,

OCIOAL AM)

(I'I'lIIOi;

DK'l'All-S.

the

spniliiin- ,,r

111,,

cuiitcnt-.

l'"r..i:i

same

..ITci'-

l'"ig.

{ilii'l.,

-ud row).

inj^s as

iMg.

.">.

ancient artist

lias

made
>aw

the mistake of
if

Sawing wood. The drawing

vi>il)lc

The coloured
Carter;
iig.

drawin/^s
/'.

Fig.
li-s.
;'.,

I.
-I,

Iluivartl
.1/.
11'.

the outline of the

as

through the

2,

nnuni

wood.
iMg.
lialancc.
.")

Bhu'hhu.

ScaU' of

1
1

;;,

:!'.

(////'/.,

."uil

vow).
n'<

Weighing
weight
is

in

I'rohahlv

lixed

here

I'l..

XXN'II.,

l'"i-.

(//.//.

I.,

xi.).

LcalJuTis

\\>r(].

hnl-

two

sets

ol'

metal ohjects are weighed

j\

wnrkcr

rnii^hiii- a

sau.hil.

Tlic snlr

sln.wn

against each nUn-v

scaler.

hox

is

at the foot

(.f

the
irtj,

yrll(AV, thr
is
iniill

nl-c
Iclr

aii.l
;

straps wl.ilc

The sandal
lixrd
tn

The. ui. right f..i-ms the hieroglyph

really he hags.
iixeil to

{\\v

r.u.t

the strap
a

is

the

"support": the pans may

cross-lieam was appareiitlv

The The

sole

('rout

in

sueh

positimi
toe

that

it

would
second
aid<le. tool.

an upright,
]ieg.

pass
toe,

hctwivu

the

great
to
foi'ui

and
roiuid

thr the

which

itself
is

hangs hy
tdld

a lo(ip a

from the

and
tlie

is

looped

go
of

halancc;

hv

plummet, showing the

Note

peculiar

the
wall

cutting
in

verticality of (he upright.

Top

row,

N.

side,

AV.

toinh

nf

The coloured drawings hy llow.ml

iS'.ir.
;

C<rrlrr,

.\ni('ueinhat.

scale al.nut

:;.

Beni Hasan

IV.

iENi

Hasan

IV.

Beni Hasan

IV.

PL. IV.

BENI H'SAN

IV.

Pl. V.

)ENi

Hasan

IV.

PL. VI.

"/4'?;
:

^^i^Se2!^2vr^:l

Beni Hasan

IV.

Pl. VII.

SHRIKE

IN

SONT-BUSH (Tomb

3).

Beni Hasan

IV.

HERON ON PAPYRUS-STEM (Tomb

3).

E3en(

Hasan

IV.

Pl. iX.

SACRED

IBIS

ON PAPYRUS iTomb

3).

BcNi Hasan

IV.

SPOONBILL (Tomb

3).

BtNi Hasan IV.

PL.

CORMORANT ON PAPYRUS

(Tomb

3).

Beni Hasan

IV.

PL. XI

WILD DUCKS (Tomb

3).

Beni Hasan

IV.

PL. XI

10)

-7N.

(Ni

Hasan

IV.

Pu. XIV.

Beni Hasan

IV.

PL.

XV.

Hcah about

SPINNING THREAD (Tomb

3)

BtNi Hasan

IV.

PL. XVI.

HARPIST AND REVOLVING FAN (Tomb

2).

BtNi Hasan

IV.

Pl. XVII.

Deni Hasan

IV.

FAN FOR CENSER

HEADS. DYN.

XII

AND

DYN.

XVIII

VASeS ON TABLE

MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS (Tomb

2).

[Ni

Hasan

IV.

PL. XIX.

Beni Hasan

IV.

Pl XX

PIGEON TRAPS (TOMB

17>.

Etc.

Beni Hasan

IV.

id

XXX xxxx xxxx

^'\

PIGEON TRAPS (Tomb

17).

Etc.

Beni Hasan

IV.

PIGEON TRAPS (ToMB

17),

Etc.

Beni Hasan IV.

PL, XXIII.

9>-f>J

MILITARY

WEAPONS

<ToMB

2).

Beni Hasan

IV.

PL.

XXIV.

MILITARY

WEAPONS

(Tomb

2).

Jeni

Hasan

IV.

PL.

XXV.

Beni Hasan IV

VASES OF GLASS AND POTTERY.

Beni Hasan

IV.

PL. XXVII.

uell

IN COMPLIANCE WITH CURRENT

COPYRIGHT LAW OCKER i TRAPP INC. AND NYU-INSTITUTE OF FINE ARTS PRODUCED THIS REPLACEMENT VOLUME ON WEYERHAEUSER COUGAR OPAQUE NATURAL PAPER, THAT MEETS ANSI/NISO STANDARDS Z39. 48-1997 TO REPLACE THE IRREPARABLY 2002 DETERIORATED ORIGINAL.

1162 02860 4909