a) Problem Statement To write your problem statement, briefly answer these questions: What is occurring?

Who is affected and to what degree? What could happen if the problem is not addressed? What should be occurring? Example of a Problem Statement The Socio-economic impact of Traffic congestion in Pakistan Over the past 10 years the traffic situation in Karachi has also become acute. Statistics show that cars are imported in huge numbers into the country every year. And since we have maintained the same number of roads since independence with no other means of transportation, e.g. Tram, Metro or Rail etc., the problem therefore could not be over emphasized. The increase in the number of cars in Karachi, and lack of decentralization of facilities has giving rise or highlighted a looming problem, which if not addressed will affect not only the economy and social life, but development and productivity. The problem is Traffic congestion. If this problem is not addressed in the next five years to 10 years, this situation will be so alarming that cars would not be able to move from east to west and north to south in the city. The effect on the economy, in terms of man hours lost, transportation, and productivity would be disquieting. Therefore there should be an immediate plan to address this issue if a critical situation is to be addressed in the future.

Research Questions Q1. What are most economical means of transportation in Karachi? Q2. How can the efficient transportation plan improve the social life and productivity? OR b) Problem Statement The statement of the problem is the focal point of your research. It is just one sentence (with several paragraphs of elaboration). You are looking for something wrong. or something that needs close attention. or existing methods that no longer seem to be working. Example of a problem statement The frequency of job layoffs is creating fear, anxiety, and a loss of productivity in middle management workers. While the problem statement itself is just one sentence, it is always accompanied by several paragraphs that elaborate on the problem. Present persuasive arguments why the problem is important enough to study. Include the opinions of others (politicians, futurists, other professionals). Explain how the problem relates to business, social or political trends by presenting data that demonstrates the scope and depth of the problem. Try to give dramatic and concrete illustrations of the problem.