Chapter 2 TARGET COMMUNITY PROFILE

2.1

Geographic Identi ier!

2.1.1 Historical background During the Spanish era, a small village called Distrito of Santiago named after a Spanish Conquistador where constituted a portion of verton !onucan

"iver stretching down #a$ug "iver. Situated b$ the river and near the shoreline, the communit$%s primar$ source of living was fishing. &hen the Spanish era had come to an end, the natives called the place '#a$ug%. (he place had onl$ rough road and foot rails, with no water and electricit$. Some parts of the #aranga$ were swamp$ and mangrove area so the place was abundant with different kinds of fishes which includes those of the endemic kind called hipon, shells, shrimps, crabs and wild dove. (his particular part of the baranga$ was used to be called )lakaran*, a bounded portion of the area where the present #aranga$ hall is now erected. +n the $ear 1,-2, under the administration of ./ 0 1a$or Camilio 2. Cabili, this place was made into a garbage dumping site for the cit$ and was renamed )Cabili 3illage*. 4ater, infrastructures and facilities began to develop in the area, where roads were made, leading towards the dumping site for the dump truck to pass through5 soon, water and electrical connection was established in the area.

(he water s$stem in the area was installed through the '#a$anihan% spirit where one member of the famil$ is to render labor services to the communit$. (he inhabitants began to increase and organi6ed themselves and elected officers to lead them towards the betterment of the place. #aranga$ Santiago was created on !ovember 27, 1,89 through the people%s initiative and plebiscite was done to separate the area from the mother baranga$ which is the baranga$ Sara$. (he #aranga$ Sara$ was officiall$ declared as a separate baranga$ named #aranga$ Santiago b$ the virtue of Cit$ Council "esolution !o.77:, series of 1,89 and Cit$ rdinance !o. 1;78.

(he elementar$ school was established on <une 1,, 1,-2 and the high school was established on <une 1,8- which was located at 2urok 9 and -. 2resentl$, there are five da$care centers in the #aranga$. 2reviousl$, the baranga$ health station was situated at a rented store space. +n the $ear 1,,2, the old baranga$ hall was constructed and the #aranga$ Health Center was transferred to the hall. =s the $ears ensue, more roads opened and concreted the water s$stem had improved considerabl$, the drainage, the basketball court, the #aranga$ tanod out post and the talipapa or the local market were constructed and three chapels were erected. (he 'trisikad% is the main transportation of the residents to nearb$ areas within the baranga$. "ecentl$, a new #aranga$ and 1ultipurpose Hall was constructed. (he #aranga$ Da$ was celebrated ever$ 27rd da$ of !ovember ever$ $ear commemorating the birth of the baranga$ Santiago as a new baranga$.

However, when concentrating on the purok assigned, during the 1,8>%s, the population of 2urok 9?= was appro/imatel$ 1>> residents and 29 families. +n 2>12, the population drasticall$ increases to 8>> and 1>> families including those who lived in make?shift house. (he purok came together as each $ear the population multiplied and the purok were subdivided b$ 2%s or 7%s. (his is done so that the #aranga$ officials can cater and identif$ the needs and problems of the communit$.

2.1.2 Geographica" #e!cription #aranga$ Santiago, +ligan Cit$ is accessible b$ car or @eepne$ within 1>? 12 minutes from Cit$ proper. (he roads are connected and interwining to the Cit$, making it easil$ accessible through #alite crossing and 2km drive which connect to the heart of the #rg$ Santiago. Santiago includes from Caga$an De ther route approaches to #rg$.

ro Cit$ which passes through +ligan Ci$,

heading south to Aapatagan, Dipolog, and so on or to 4anao del !orte, Bamboanga Cit$ and the South traverse baranga$. Significant 4andmarks of the #arangga$ +ncludes the baranga$%s mini market or talipapa, the open dumpsite or also known as Smoke$ 1ountain, the new frontier court subdivision, the orchid home subdivision and Sitio Cabili 3illage. #aranga$ Santiago has a land area of 1,1>:,1,9 hectares of land, and topographicall$ with plain lands , where the residents occupies #alite Drive,

rchid Homes Subdivision, and the !ew sand$ loam, cla$ loam, and balinao cla$ loam. (he climate of the area is classified as )t$pe C* which is characteri6ed as short, low seen da$ season with rainfall evenl$ distributed in all the rest of the months with the highest rainfall during the months of <une and December with an average of 22 millimeters, with the lowest at 1;- millimeter, registered in 1,8; due to a 1> months draught suffered during the $ear. +t has numerous natural resources along +ligan #a$ which includes a good fishing ground which generates income for the people. However, since the dumping site was established in 1,-2, the other approach to generate income is through scavenging the open dump site. +n terms of sociological profile of the communit$, the ma@or medium of communication which includes language and dialect used b$ the locals here includes Cebuano, +longgo, (agalog, 1aranao dialect and .nglish. However, with regards to religious affiliation of the communit$ including "oman Catholic, +glesia ni Cristo, <ehovah%s &itness, Seventh 0Da$ =dventist, protestant C +slam.

2.1.$ %pot Map &as observed in Doogle .arth prior to ($phoon SendongE

2.2 Pop'"ation Pro i"e 2.2.1. Tota" E!ti(ated Pop'"ation o )aranga* &+a!ed on N%O, #ased on the census b$ the !S , from 1arh 2>11 there are about - ,97 people residing in #rg$. Santiago, +ligan Cit$.

2.2.2. Pop'"ation #en!it* &P#, (he total number of population of #rg$. Santiago is - ,97 people, and has a total number area of 1 1>: 1,9 square meters, wherein the population densit$ F2DE of #rg$. Santiago is - 2>29 using the formula for 2opulation Densit$ F2DE. Pop'"ation #en!it* &P#, G (otal number of population (otal number in square meter G - ,97 / 1>>> 1 1>: 1,9 G-.2>29 / 1>>>

2.2.$. Tota" Pop'"ation o the area !'r-e*ed (here are 972 total residents H the entire population of 2urok 9?= of #rg$. Santiago. However, some of them were affected b$ )#ag$ong Sendong* last Dec. 2>11.

2.2... Tota" n'(+er o a(i"ie! !'r-e*ed (here were ,8 families surve$ed in 2urok 9?=, wherein most of them still at their affected homes and others are sta$ed with their relatives house on the same 2urok.

2.2./. Tota" n'(+er o ho'!eho"d !'r-e*ed (here were 1>8 households in 2urok 9? =, but onl$ 8; households were surve$ed with our questionnaire. However 12 of the households were closed during our questionnaire distribution,; households were refused to interview while the remaining 7 households were completel$ destro$ed b$ the flashfloods caused b$ t$phoon Sendong and 9 households were partiall$ damaged. =nother 1 famil$ households sta$ed H the Sta. Ielomina evacuation center and few of them lived with their relative%s house on the same 2urok.

2.$. %ocio0de(ographic Pro i"e (here are ,8 families living in 8; households surve$ed for this stud$. &ithin these families, the total number of individuals is :91. +n addition, the number of families e/ceeds the number of households since there are households being shared b$ ; families, : and 2 families respectivel$. +n our questionnaire, the data are arranged into different parts which include famil$ structure, educational attainment, demographic data, and socio? economic of the respondents including its lifest$le practices.

2.$.1. Tota" Pop'"ation o Fa(i"ie! %'r-e*ed (here are ,8 families living in 8; households surve$ed for this stud$. &ithin these families, the total numbers of individuals are :91. +n addition, the number of families e/ceeds the number of households since there are households being shared b$ ; families, : and 2 families respectivel$.

2.$.2. Tota" Pop'"ation %'r-e*ed (here were :91 individuals included during our interview in 2urok 9=? #rg$. Santiago, +ligan Cit$.

2.$.$. Tota" n'(+er o 1o'!eho"d! %'r-e*ed (here were 8; household included in our surve$ in 2urok 9=?#rg$. Santiago, +ligan Cit$.

2.$... Age and %e2 #i!tri+'tion Ta+"e 1.1 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation According to Age Age >?8 ,?1: 19?2: 29?7: 79?:: :9?9: 99?;: ;9 and above Tota" Fre3'enc* ,9: ;7 -;> :8 7: 18 ./1 Percentage 22 12 1: 117 11 8 : 144

Fig're 1.1 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation According to Age (he table shows the distribution of the total population according to age. Ior ages >?8 $ears there are ,- persons, ages ,?1: there are 9: person, ages 19?2: there are ;7 persons, ages 29?7: there are ;7 persons, ages 79?:: there are ;> persons, ages :9?9: there are :8 persons, ages 99?;: there are 7: persons and ages ;9 and above there are 18 persons. (he age structure of the 2hilippines presents that 7:.;J of the population fall under >?1: $ears old, ;1.1J of the population fall under 19?;: $ears old and :.7J fall under ;9 $ears old and above.

Ta+"e 1.2. #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation According to Gender Gender 1ales Iemales Tota" Fre3'enc* 277 218 ./1 Percentage 91.;; :8.7: 144

Fig're 1.2. #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation According to Gender (able 1.1 shows the distribution of population according to gender. +t illustrates that out of :91 total respondents surve$ed, there are more males than females with 277 male respondents compared to 218 for females. +t shows that for ever$ 1>; males there are 1>> females +n the 2hilippines the se/ ratio at birth is 1.>9 maleKfemale, under 19 $ears of age it is 1.>: maleKfemale, from 19 ?;: $ears 1 malesK female and for ;9 $ears and over it is >.-; maleKfemale.

2.$./. %e2 Ratio &%R, 5 S" G !o. of 1ales / 1>> !o. of Iemales G 277 / 1>> 218 G 1>;.88 (here are 1>; males in ever$ 1>> females.

2.$.6. #ependenc* Ratio &#R, D" G !o. of population >?1: L ;9 $.o and above 2opulation 19?;: $ears old G 1;, 282 G >.9, 2.$.7. Ci-i" %tat'! Ta+"e 1.$ #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation According to Ci-i" %tat'! Ci-i" %tat'! Single 1arried &idowed Separated Child Tota" Fre3'enc* 118 198 8 1; 191 ./1 Percentage 2; 79 2 : 77 144

Fig're 1.$ #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation According to Ci-i" %tat'! (he table presents the distribution of the population according to their civil status. 118 individuals are single, 198 are married, 8 are widowed, 1; are separated and there are 191 children.

2.$.8. T*pe! o Fa(i"ie! Ta+"e 1.. #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation According to Fa(i"* T*pe! Fa(i"* T*pe !uclear ./tended Cohabitating Single 2arent Tota" Fre3'enc* 97 28 ; 11 98 Percentage 9: 2, ; 11 144

Fig're 1.. #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation According to Fa(i"* T*pe! (he table shows the distribution of famil$ structure. (here are 97 nuclear families, 28 e/tended famil$ t$pes, ; cohabitating families and 11 are single parents. (he table shows the distribution of famil$ structure. (here are 97 nuclear families, 28 e/tended famil$ t$pes, ; cohabitating families and 11 are single parents. Iamil$ relationships are the basic building block of 2hilippine societ$. .ach Iilipino is at the center of a large circle of relatives, usuall$ e/tending to third cousins. 1arriage is rarel$ permitted for members of the same kinship

circle. (he kinship circle is customaril$ enlarged through compadra6go, or ritual co?parenthood, the Catholic custom of selecting godparents to sponsor one%s child at baptism. +n the close?knit Iilipino famil$, members are provided assistance when needed and e/pected to give their first lo$alt$ to their kin. +n rural areas the baranga$s FvillagesE contain sitios, or clusters of households, of an e/tended famil$. (he social support provided b$ these close?knit communities is reflected in the absence of such institutions as retirement homes and orphanages.

2.$.9. Re"igio'! #i!tri+'tion Ta+"e 1./ #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation According to Re"igion Re"igion Fre3'enc* Percentage SD= 2, ; "oman Catholic 727 -2 +slam > > <ehovanMs &itness ; 1 thers :9 1> 2rotestant :8 11 Tota" ./1 144

Fig're 1./ #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation According to Re"igion

(he table shows the distribution of the population according to their religion. (here are 2, SD=s, 727 Catholics, ; belong to the <ehovah%s &itness, :9 are 2rotestants and :9 other individuals belong to different religious sects. 1ore than ,>J of the population are ChristiansN about 8>J belong to the "oman Catholic Church while 1>J belong to other Christian denominations, such as the +glesia ni Cristo, the 2hilippine +ndependent Church, the Seventh?da$ =dventist Church, Onited Church of Christ in the 2hilippines, and <ehovahMs &itnesses. (he 2hilippines is one of two predominantl$ "oman

Catholic countries in =sia, the other being .ast (imor.

2.$.14. P"ace o Origin Ta+"e 1.6 #i!tri+'tion o Fa(i"ie! According to P"ace o Origin Fa(i"ie! 4u6on 3isa$as 1indanao Tota" Fre3'enc* 7 11 8: 98 Percentage 7 11 8; 144

Fig're 1.6 #i!tri+'tion o Fa(i"ie! According to P"ace o Origin

(he table shows the distribution according to the place of origin of the families. 7 families came from 4u6on, 11 from 3isa$as, and 8: families came from 1indanao.

2.$.11. Length o Re!idenc* Ta+"e 1.7 #i!tri+'tion o Fa(i"ie! According to Length o Re!idenc* Length o Re!idenc* Fre3'enc* Percentage >?12 months 2 2 1?9 $ears ;?1> $ears 1: 1: 11?19 $ears 8 8 1;?2> $ears ; ; P2> $ears ;1 ;2 Tota" 98 144

Fig're 1.7 #i!tri+'tion o Fa(i"ie! According to Length o Re!idenc* (he distribution shows the distribution of the families according to their length of residenc$. 2 families have sta$ed in the area for 1?12 months, - families sta$ed for 1?9 $ears, 1: families sta$ed for ;?1> $ears, 8 families sta$ed for 11?

19 $ears, ; families sta$ed for 1;?2> $ears and ;1 families have sta$ed for more than 2> $ears . 2... %ocio0Econo(ic Indicator! 2...1. Ed'cationa" Attain(ent Ta+"e 1.8 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation 1/ *ear! o"d and a+o-e According to Ed'cationa" Attain(ent Ed'cationa" Attain(ent Fre3'enc* Percentage 27 8 !one :9 19 .lementar$ :: 19 .lementar$ Draduate -: 29 High School 99 18 High School Draduate 21 College 1> 7 College Draduate 28 , !o Iormal .ducation $44 144 Tota"

Fig're 1.8 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation 1/ *ear! o"d and a+o-e According to Ed'cationa" Attain(ent

(he table shows the distribution of respondents 19 $ears old and above according to their educational attainment. 27 individuals are unable to read or write, :9 individuals onl$ gained elementar$ level, :: individuals are elementar$ graduates, -: individuals gained high school level, 99 individuals are high school graduates, 21 individuals gained college level, 1> individuals have graduated college and 28 individuals have no formal education. (he literac$ rate in the area is ,2.77. (he 4iterac$ rate5 adult male FJ of males ages 19 and aboveE in 2hilippines was reported at ,9.>1 and adult female FJ of females 19 and aboveE was reported at ,9.8J in 2>>8, according to the &orld #ank. =dult literac$ rate is the percentage of people ages 19 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their ever$da$ life. (he 2hilippines is a newl$ industriali6ed countr$ in the Southeastern =s 2...2. Literac* Rate !o. of population 8 $ears above whom can read and write 4iterac$ "ate G (otal !o. of population 8 $ears old and above G 2-- / 1>> 7>> G ,2.77 2...$. Occ'pation Ta+"e 1.9 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation 1/ *ear! o"d 'p to 6. *ear! o"d According to Occ'pation Occ'pation Fre3'enc* Percentage Iisherman 17 1: 3endor : : Sikad Driver , , <eepne$ Driver 3endor : : Iactor$ &orker 1 1 #usinessman 1> 11 ther ::, Tota" 9/ 144 Fig're 1.9 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation 1/ *ear! o"d 'p to 6. *ear! o"d According to Occ'pation

(he table presents the distribution of individuals 19 to ;: $ears old with occupation. 17 individuals are fishermen, : are vendors, , are sikad drivers, are @eepne$ drivers, : are laborers, 1 factor$ worker, 1> businessmen, and :scavengers. 2..... Inco(e Ta+"e 1.14 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation According to Fa(i"*:! Month"* Inco(e Month"* Inco(e Fre3'enc* Percentage Q1>>> 2esos 1>>1?9>>> 2esos ;9 ;; 9>>1?1>>>> 2esos 1; 1; 1>>>1?19>>> 2esos 1 1 19>>1?2>>>> 2esos 2 2 P2>>>> 2esos Tota" 98 144 Fig're 1.14 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation According to Fa(i"*:! Month"* Inco(e

(he table shows the distribution of the famil$%s monthl$ income. - families earn less than 1>>> pesos ever$ month, ;9 families earn 1>>1?9>>> pesos, 1; families earn 9>>1?1>>>> pesos, 1 famil$ earn 1>>>1?19>>> pesos, 2 families earn 19>>1?2>>>> pesos and - families earn 2>>>> pesos or more. +n 2>>7, a famil$ had an average annual income of 2h21:8, -9-, or an increase of onl$ 2.9 percent over the 2>>> level. &hen the effect of inflation is taken in, average famil$ income actuall$ declined b$ 1> percent. 4ower?income families spent more than the$ earned, leaving them with negative savings.

2.../. 1o'!ing Condition Ta+"e 1.11 #i!tri+'tion o Ade3'ac* to Meet )a!ic Need! o Fa(i"ie! Ade3'ac* to (eet )a!ic Need! Fre3'enc* Percentage Res ;7 ;: !o 79 7; Tota" 98 144 Fig're 1.11 #i!tri+'tion o Ade3'ac* to Meet )a!ic Need! o Fa(i"ie!

(he table shows the distribution of the families according to their adequac$ of being to meet their basic needs. ;7 families are able to meet their basic needs and 79 are not. 1a@orit$ of families have adequate income to meet their basic needs. +f one is living in povert$, a lack of nutritious food and leisure time for e/ercising is often not a matter of choice, but a matter of insufficient income. &hile it%s true that people with high incomes do not alwa$s make health$ lifest$le choices, their income does provide them with the option of doing so if the$ choose. !ot so for man$ who live below the povert$ line. 2...6. ;enti"ation Ta+"e 1.12 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to 1o'!ing Materia"! 1o'!ing Materia"! Fre3'enc* Percentage 1i/ed 79 :1 Concrete 8 , 4ight 1aterials :7 9> 1akeshift > > Tota" 86 144

Fig're 1.12 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to 1o'!ing Materia"!

(he table shows the distribution of households according to their housing materials. 79 houses are made mi/ed housing materials, 8 houses are made of concrete, :7 houses are made of light materials and there are no makeshift houses. (he above result implies that most of the respondents live in houses made up of light materials. (he qualit$ of materials used for building houses is important. +n@uries at home are contributed b$ poor infrastructures used in the house. &ith less financial possibilities the architecture and visible construction materials are simpler and more derived from the natural surroundings. FhttpNKKwww.philippines.hvuE Ta+"e 1.1$ #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to %tr'ct're 1o'!ing %tr'ct're Fre3'enc* Percentage 1 Store$ :7 9> 2 Store$ 28 77 #ungalow 19 1Tota" 86 144 Fig're 1.1$ #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to %tr'ct're

(he distribution of houses according to their structure, there are :7 1? store$ houses, 28 are 2?store$ house and 19 houses are bungalow t$pe. (his implies that ma@orit$ of families live in a 1 store$ housing structure. ne of the things in which a tropical countr$ differs from countries of other climate 6one, is housing. (he architecture as well as the used construction materials, shows a clear ad@ustment to the specific climate conditions. = more aspect that influences the architecture is the financial position of the famil$. FhttpNKKwww.philippines.hvuE Ta+"e 1.1. #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to Pre!ence o Accidenta" 1a<ard! Accidenta" 1a<ard Fre3'enc* Percentage Stairs with no rails 11 19 #eside the Highwa$ 21 28 Onder (rees 29 77 Iault$ .lectrical &iring 17 1Children left in the house 2 7 thers 7 : Tota" 7/ 144 Fig're 1.1. #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to Pre!ence o Accidenta" 1a<ard!

(he table shows the distribution of households according to presence of accidental ha6ards. 11 households have stairs with no rails, 21 houses are beside the highwa$, 29 houses are under trees, 17 houses have fault$ electrical wiring, 2 houses have children left in the house and 7 other houses have other accidental ha6ards. =ccidents are the main cause of in@ur$ and even death especiall$ children. 2eople onl$ relate accidents to traffic accident or accidents in outdoor activities.

However, as a matter of fact, the place where people regard as the safest place0 home0hides man$ )ha6ards*(he main cause of home accident is general negligence of safet$ at home. =nd also outside home. FIire Services =mbulance Command (raining School, 2>11E. Oniversit$ of Deorgia School of Iorest "esources ./tension 2ublication states that ever$ landscape and tree situation has risk involved. !othing is risk free. =ll trees carr$ a given amount of risk. 2./. En-iron(enta" Indicator! 2./.1. =ater %'pp"* Ta+"e 1.1/ #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to %o'rce o =ater %'pp"* =ater %'pp"* Fre3'enc* Percentage Deep &ell , 11 "ain Collection 12> 2ipe?+n 28 77 Donations 71 7; "iver > > Spring > > Tota" 8/ 144 Fig're 1.1/ #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to %o'rce o =ater %'pp"*

(he table shows the distribution of households according to their source of water suppl$. , houses gain water from deep wells, 1- houses gather water through rain collection, 28 houses gain water through pipes and faucets, while 72 others gain water through donations. 1a@orit$ of the families in these areas need potable drinking water after water suppl$ was being affected at the height of Sendong%s wrath last December

1-. (emporaril$, 2urok 9= of #aranga$ Santiago is surviving on water being donated b$ different public and private institutions. Ta+"e 1.16 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to O>ner!hip o =ater %'pp"* O>ner!hip o =ater %'pp"* 2ublic 2rivate Tota" Fre3'enc* -, 86 Percentage ,2 8 144

Fig're 1.16 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to O>ner!hip o =ater %'pp"*

(he table shows the distribution of households according to their ownership of water suppl$. -, households have a public source of water suppl$ and - have a private source. (he table shows the distribution of households according to their ownership of water suppl$. -, households have a public source of water suppl$ and - have a private source. +t shows that ma@orit$ of the respondents% water suppl$ are public?owned. =ccording to a 2>>9 &orld #ank stud$, appro/imatel$ 9,>>> service providers e/ist in the 2hilippines. 1ost of them onl$ provide water, while sanitation is still e/pected to be a private responsibilit$. 1ost households in the 2hilippines are served b$ their 4DOs, either directl$ through a provincial, cit$, or municipal engineering department or through communit$?based organi6ations FC# sE Fcooperatives, #aranga$ &ater and Sanitation =ssociations F#&S=sE, or "ural &ater Suppl$ =ssociations F"&S=sE.

Ta+"e 1.17 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to

Location o =ater %'pp"* Location o =ater %'pp"* Fre3'enc* &ithin the Household 9 Q2 meters from Household 27 P2 meters from Household 98 Tota" 86

Percentage ; 2;144

Ta+"e 1.17 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to Location o =ater %'pp"*

(he table shows distribution of

households according to the location of their water suppl$. 9 houses have water suppl$ within their households, 27 households have water suppl$ 2 meters from their house and 98 households have water suppl$ for more than 2 meters from their household. (his implies that great ma@orit$ of the respondents have P2 of distance from the house. = significant number of Iilipinos still do not have adequate and sustained access to potable water. +t is estimated that around 2>J of the population still have no access to improved water services, while overall access is further declining. Surve$ data shown in the Iilipino "eport Card on 2ro?2oor Services in 2>>1 estimated that onl$ about ;:J of the population had access to improved water services through formal service providers. (he 2>>: =nnual 2overt$ +ndicators Surve$, meanwhile, shows that, on average, about 9>J of the population does not have access to safe drinking water. Despite the inconsistent figures, one thing is clear ? water suppl$ infrastructure development has not kept up with the growing needs of the econom$ and the population. FhttpNKKecowaterinfra.orgE

Ta+"e 1.18 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According %anitar* Condition o =ater %'pp"*

%anitar* Condition Dood Iair 2oor Tota"

Fre3'enc* 1:, 2> 86

Percentage 2> 927 144

Fig're 1.18 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According %anitar* Condition o =ater %'pp"*

(he table presents the distribution of households according to the sanitar$ condition of their water suppl$. 77 households have a good sanitar$ condition of their water suppl$, 72 households have a fair sanitar$ condition of water suppl$ and 21 households have a poor condition of their water suppl$. (his shows that most of the respondents have good sanitar$ condition. (he Onited !ations 1illennium Development Doal F1DDE target of halving the number of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water has been met. (his is one of the first 1DD targets to be reached. O!+C.I and &H issued a report last 1arch ;, 2>12, that over two billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources between 1,,> and 2>1>.Safe drinking water and basic sanitation is of crucial importance to the preservation of human health, especiall$ among children. =ccording to the Department of Health FD HE, nearl$ ;,>>> people die prematurel$ each $ear from water pollution and poor sanitation and h$giene. Seventeen percent of reported disease cases and one and a half percent of reported deaths in the countr$ each $ear can be attributed to water pollution, sanitation conditions and h$giene practices. =mong them, diarrhea is the third leading cause of disease in the countr$.

2./.2 E2creta #i!po!a" Ta+"e 1.19 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! according to Location o E2creta

#i!po!a" Location &ithin the Household Q2 meters from Household P2 meters from Household Tota" Fre3'enc* 78 1, 2, 86 Percentage :: 22 7: 144

Fig're 1.19 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! according to Location o E2creta #i!po!a"

(he table shows the distribution of households according to the location of their e/creta disposal. 78 households have their e/creta disposal facilit$ within their house, 1, households have their e/creta disposal facilit$ 2 meters from their house and 2, households have their e/creta disposal facilit$ more than 2 meters from their household. (he above results e/plain that most of the respondents% location of e/creta disposal is within the household. ./creta disposal s$stems are considered adequate if the$ are private and if the$ separate human e/creta from human contact F&orld Health rgani6ationE. Safe disposal of e/creta, so that it does not contaminate the environment, water, food or hands, is essential for ensuring a health$ environment and for protecting personal health. (his can be accomplished in man$ wa$s, some requiring water, others requiring little or none. "egardless of method, the safe disposal of human feces is one of the principal wa$s of breaking the fecal0oral disease transmission c$cle. Sanitation is therefore a critical barrier to disease transmission Fwww.scribd.comE. Ta+"e 1.24 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to %anitar* Condition o E2creta #i!po!a" Faci"it* %anitar* Condition Fre3'enc* Percentage Dood 12>

Ia ir 2o or

: , 2 >

To 8 ta" 6

9 2 7 1 4 4

Fig're 1.24 #i!tri+'tion o Ani(a"! Pre!ent per Fa(i"* %'r-e*ed

(he table presents the distribution of households according to the sanitar$ condition of the e/creta disposal facilit$. 1- households have good sanitar$ condition of the e/creta disposal facilit$, :, households have fair sanitar$ condition of the e/creta disposal facilit$, 2> households have poor sanitar$ condition of the e/creta disposal facilit$. (he above data implicates that most of the respondents have fair sanitar$ condition of e/creta disposal facilit$. Health improvement comes from the proper use of sanitation facilities. ./creta disposal technologies ma$ represent a risk to groundwater and inappropriate design, siting and maintenance of sanitation facilities ma$ contaminate groundwater leading to public health risks from drinking water. +n communities in developing countries where improved sanitation facilities do not e/ist, setting stringent requirements for sanitation facilit$ design and construction to meet criteria to prevent groundwater pollution ma$ be counter?productive, unless the risk is ver$ significant. Such criteria ma$ make sanitation improvements too e/pensive for man$ households, resulting in continued lack of sanitation and ongoing disease transmission F1ara, 1,,;E. &here the construction of sanitation will represent a ver$ significant risk of groundwater contamination, decisions will be required as to whether changes in water suppl$ or sanitation are more cost?effective FIrance$s et al., 1,,2E.

2./.$. #rainage %*!te(

Ta+"e 1.21 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to #rainage %*!te( #rainage %*!te( Fre3'enc* Percentage pen 21 2: Closed ;9 -; Tota" 86 144 Fig're 1.21 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to #rainage %*!te(

(he table shows the distribution of households according to the t$pe of their drainage s$stem. 21 households have an open drainage s$stem and ;9 households have a closed drainage s$stem. (he open t$pe sewers and the fact no treatment happens is part of the problem. (he ne/t being is the abandonment of plastic bags, old tires and a lot of other things that @ust don%t decompose. "esult a sludge ridden waterwa$ full of stagnant water that is not onl$ a breeding ground for mosquito%s but a waterwa$ that no longer functions. Same reason the waterwa$s regardless if a concrete drain or wide river garbage is disregarded into it in the same manner. +t reaches a point where it snags on something and slowl$ these build up to a large amount of waste stuck in the river etc. which reduces water flow. .nd result flooding as poor maintenance and a high disregard of personal responsibilit$ on keeping the waterwa$s clear cause a c$cle that often leads to death directl$ or indirectl$. F2>>,E Ta+"e 1.22 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to Pre!ence o )reeding %ite! o Rodent! and In!ect! )reeding %ite! Pre!ent Fre3'enc* Percentage Res 81 ,: !o 9 ; Tota" 86 144 Fig're 1.22 #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! According to Pre!ence o )reeding %ite! o Rodent! and In!ect!

(he table shows the distribution of households according to presence of #reeding Sites of "odents and +nsects. (here are 81 households with presents of breeding sites of rodents and insects and 9 households with absents of breeding sites. 2ests pose a ma@or threat to the safet$ and suitabilit$ of food. 2est infestations can occur where there are breeding sites and a suppl$ of food. #uildings should be kept in good repair and condition to prevent pest access and to eliminate potential breeding sites. Holes, drains and other places where pests are likel$ to gain access should be kept sealed. &ire mesh screens, for e/ample on open windows, doors and ventilators, will reduce the problem of pest entr$. F<an 11th, 2>12E =ccording to &H F1,,2E (he inadequate and insanitar$ disposal of infected human feces leads to the contamination of the ground and of sources of water. ften it provides the sites and the opportunit$ for certain species of flies and mosquitoes to la$ their eggs, to breed, or to feed on the e/posed material and to carr$ infection. +t also attracts domestic animals, rodents and other vermin which spread the feces and with them the potential for disease. +n addition it sometimes creates intolerable nuisances of both odor and sight. 2./... Other!? #o(e!tic Ani(a"! Ta+"e 1.2$ #i!tri+'tion o Ani(a"! Pre!ent per Fa(i"* %'r-e*ed #o(e!tic Ani(a"! Fre3'enc* Percentage Cat 29 2> Dog 27 1, 2ig :9 7; Doat 8 ; Ducks 1; 17 Cows 9 : #irds 2 2 Tota" 12. 144

Fig're 1.2$ #i!tri+'tion o Ani(a"! Pre!ent per Fa(i"* %'r-e*ed

(he table presents the distribution of animals present in the area. (here are 29 cats, 27 dogs, :9 pigs, 8 goats, 1; ducks, 9 cows and 2 birds. Ta+"e 1.2. #i!tri+'tion o Ani(a"! according to >here the* are @ept Ani(a"! Aept Fre3'enc* Percentage +n House 22 :Q2meters from House , 1, P2 meters from House 1; 7: Tota" .7 144 Fig're 1.2. #i!tri+'tion o Ani(a"! according to >here the* are @ept

(he table shows the distribution of animals according to where the$ are kept. (here are 22 animals which are kept in house, , which are kept Q2meters from the house and 1; which are kept P2 meters from the house.

2.6. 1ea"th Pro i"e 2.6.1. Food %torage Ta+"e 1.2/ #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! according to Food %torage Food %torage Fre3'enc* Percentage pen Container , , Iridge 2; 2; =ir?sealed Container ;; ;9 Tota" 141 144 Fig're 1.2/ #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! according to Food %torage

(he table shows the distribution of Households according to Iood Storage. (here are , households which are using open containers for food storage, 2; households using fridge for food storage and ;; households using air?sealed containers for food storage. 2.6.2 In ant Feeding Practice! Ta+"e 1.26 #i!tri+'tion According to In ant Feeding Proce!! In ant Feeding Proce!! Fre3'enc* Percentage #reast?Ieeding 2> 7, #ottle Ieeding 177 1i/ed 1: 2Tota" /1 144 Fig're 1.26 #i!tri+'tion According to In ant Feeding Proce!!

(he table shows the distribution of the population within breastfeeding $ears. 2> are breastfed, 1- are bottle?fed and 1: are mi/ed. =ccording to &orld Health rgani6ation F&H E, breastfeeding is a normal wa$ of providing $oung infants with the nutrients the$ need for health$ growth and development. 3irtuall$, all mothers can breastfeed, provided the$ have accurate information, and the support of their famil$, the health care s$stem and societ$ at large. 2.6.$. I(('ni<ation %tat'! o Chi"dren &4012 (onth! o"d, Ta+"e 1.27 #i!tri+'tion According to I(('ni<ation %tat'! I(('ni<ation %tat'! Fre3'enc* Percentage Complete 121 -ngoing 111 +ncomplete 1, 12 Tota" 1/7 144 Fig're 1.27 #i!tri+'tion According to I(('ni<ation %tat'!

(he table presents the immuni6ation status of children. 121 are completel$ immuni6ed, 1- still have ongoing immuni6ations and 1, have not completed their immuni6ation. +mmuni6ation is a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life? threatening infectious diseases and is estimated to avert over between 2 and 7 million deaths each $ear. +t is one of the most cost?effective health investments, with proven strategies that make it accessible to even the most hard?to?reach and vulnerable populations. +t has clearl$ defined target groups5 it can be delivered effectivel$ through outreach activities5 and vaccination does not require an$ ma@or lifest$le change. F&orld Health rgani6ationE

2.6... Co(('nit* Faci"itie! and Re!o'rce!

2.6./. 1ea"th %ee@ing )eha-ior! B A>arene!! o (edica"Bdenta" %er-ice! 'ti"i<ed co((on"* '!ed +* the co(('nit* peop"e. Ta+"e 1.28 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation according to Fre3'enc* o E2erci!e Fre3'enc* o E2erci!e Fre3'enc* Percentage 1Kweek 178 71 2Kweek 1>1 22 7Kweek ;9 1: :?;Kweek -1 1; .ver$da$ 77 !ot =pplicable :7 1> Tota" ./1 144 Fig're 1.28 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation according to Fre3'enc* o E2erci!e

(he table shows the distribution of the population according to the frequenc$ of their e/ercise. 178 individuals have e/ercise once a week, 1>1 individuals have it twice a week, ;9 individuals do it thrice a week, -1 individuals have it :?; per week, 77 individuals have it ever$ da$ and :7 individuals cannot perform e/ercise. (he table above shows that ma@orit$ of the population e/ercise once a week. Centers for Disease Control and 2revention states that regular e/ercise is a critical part of sta$ing health$. 2eople who are active live longer and feel better. ./ercise can help $ou maintain a health$ weight. +t can dela$ or prevent diabetes, some cancers and heart problems. 1ost adults need at least 7> minutes of moderate ph$sical activit$ at least five da$s per week. ./amples include walking briskl$, mowing the lawn, dancing, swimming for recreation or bic$cling. Stretching and weight training can also strengthen $our bod$ and improve $our fitness level.

Ta+"e 1.29 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation >ho %(o@e! Cigarette! According to Fre3'enc* o %tic@! per #a* %tic@! per #a* Fre3'enc* Percentage 1?1> sticks 299 11?1, sticks 1> 2> 1ore than 1 pack 12 2: Tota" .9 144 Fig're 1.29 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation >ho %(o@e! Cigarette! According to Fre3'enc* o %tic@! per #a*

(he table presents the distribution of the population who smokes. 2individuals smoke 1?1> sticks a da$, 1> individuals smoke 11?1, sticks a da$ and 12 individuals smoke more than 1 pack a da$. (his implies that most of the respondents smoke 1?1> sticks a da$. =ccording to (err$ 1artin on her article about )(he .ffects of Smoking on Human Health*, the effects of smoking on human health are serious and in man$ cases, deadl$. (here are appro/imatel$ :>>> chemicals in cigarettes, hundreds of which are to/ic. (he ingredients in cigarettes affect ever$thing from the internal functioning of organs to the efficienc$ of the bod$Ms immune s$stem. +ts effects also var$ from person to person as it will depend on the person%s vulnerabilit$ to the chemical in cigarette or tobacco smoke. +t will also depend on the number of cigarette sticks a person smokes per da$. Ta+"e 1.$4 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation >ho drin@! a"coho"ic +e-erage! according to n'(+er o g"a!!e! dran@ per occa!ion . G"a!!e! per #rin@ Fre3'enc* Percentage 1?7 glasses 77 9; :?; glasses 19 29 - glasses or more 11 1, Tota" /9 144

Fig're 1.$4 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation >ho drin@! a"coho"ic +e-erage! according to n'(+er o g"a!!e! dran@ per occa!ion .

(he table shows the distribution of the population who drinks alcoholic beverages. 77 individuals drink 1?7 glasses per occasion, 19 individuals drink :?; glasses per occasion and 11 individuals drink - glasses or more per occasion. 1oderate drinkers tend to have better health and live longer than those who are either abstainers or heav$ drinkers. +n addition to having fewer heart attacks and strokes, moderate consumers of alcoholic beverages Fbeer, wine and distilled spirits or liquorE are generall$ less likel$ to suffer strokes, diabetes, arthritis, enlarged prostate, dementia Fincluding =l6heimerMs diseaseE, and several ma@or cancers.F .llison, ". 1,,8E Drinking patterns appear to be as important as the amounts consumed. S(he ke$ to health$, moderate consumption is a regular5 one to three drinks per da$ pattern.=ll of the man$ health benefits of drinking appl$ onl$ to moderate consumption ? ? never to heav$ drinking. (o the contrar$, heav$ drinking is associated with reduced longevit$ and increased risk of a diversit$ of diseases. Onfortunatel$, there reall$ can be too much of a good thing. Ta+"e 1.$1 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation according to 1o'r! o %"eep #ai"* 1o'r! o %"eep #ai"* Fre3'enc* Percentage ;?8 Hours 1;7P8 Hours 18; :1

Q; Hours Tota"

,8 ./1

22 144

Fig're 1.$1 #i!tri+'tion o Pop'"ation according to 1o'r! o %"eep #ai"*

(he table shows the distribution of the population according to their hours of sleep dail$. 1;- individuals sleep for ;? 8 hours, 18; individuals sleep for more than 8 hours and ,8 sleep for less than ; hours. (he table shows the distribution of the population according to their hours of sleep dail$. 1;- individuals sleep for ;? 8 hours, 18; individuals sleep for more than 8 hours and ,8 sleep for less than ; hours. (he !ational Sleep Ioundation suggests that adults need -??, hours of sleep per night5 shorter and longer sleep durations have been associated with increased morbidit$ and mortalit$ F1E. (o assess the prevalence of short sleep duration FQ- hours on weekda$ or workda$ nightsE and its perceived effect on dail$ activities, CDC anal$6ed data from the 2>>9??2>>8 !ational Health and !utrition ./amination Surve$ F!H=!.SE. (his report summari6es the results, which found that 7-.1J of O.S. adults reported regularl$ sleeping Q- hours per night, similar to the 79.7J reporting Q- hours of sleep in a 2:?hour period in another report using self?reported data F2E. Short sleep duration was more common among adults aged 2>??7, $ears F7-.>JE or :>??9, $ears F:>.7JE than among adults aged T;> $ears F72.>JE, and more common among non?Hispanic blacks F97.>JE than among non?Hispanic whites F7:.9JE, 1e/ican =mericans F79.2JE, and persons of other racesKethnicities F:1.-JE. =mong si/ sleep?related difficulties assessed, the most prevalent was not being able to concentrate on doing things, reported b$ 27.2J of O.S. adults. 2erceived sleep?related difficulties were significantl$ more likel$ among persons reporting Q- hours of sleep than among those reporting -??, hours of sleep. #ased on these findings, at least one third of O.S. residents do not get enough sleep on a regular basis, and this impairs their abilit$ to perform dail$ tasks. Chronic sleep deprivation also has a cumulative effect on mental and ph$sical well?being and can e/acerbate chronic diseases. F1orbidit$ and 1ortalit$ &eekl$ "eport 2>>9?2>>8N Centers for Disease Control and 2reventionE Ta+"e 1.$2 #i!tri+'tion o Fa(i"ie! according to N'(+er o Mea"! #ai"*

No. o Mea"! #ai"* 1 2 7 : or more Tota"

Fre3'enc* > 27 ;7 12 98

Percentage > 27 ;: 12 144

Fig're 1.$2 #i!tri+'tion o Fa(i"ie! according to N'(+er o Mea"! #ai"*

(he table presents the distribution of families according to the number of meals dail$. 27 families have 2 meals per da$, ;7 families have 7 meals per da$ and 12 families have : meals or more. (he table presents the distribution of families according to the number of meals dail$. 27 families have 2 meals per da$, ;7 families have 7 meals per da$ and 12 families have : meals or more. (he number of meals eaten per da$, along with the standard hour and fare for each, Sare cultural patterns no different from how close $ou stand when talking to people or what $ou do with $our bod$ as $ou speak. Human beings are comfortable with patterns because the$Mre predictable. &eMve become comfortable with the idea of three meals. n the other hand, our schedules and our desires are subverting that idea more and more ever$ da$ FIoodN (he Histor$ of (aste FOniversit$ of California 2ress,2>>-E. Ta+"e 1.$$ #i!tri+'tion o Fa(i"ie! according to Food Pre erence! Food Pre erence! Fre3'enc* Percentage 3egetarian ; ; !on?3egetarian > > 1i/ed ,2 ,: Tota" 98 144

Fig're 1.$$ #i!tri+'tion o Fa(i"ie! according to Food Pre erence!

(he table presents the distribution of families according to their food preferences. ; families are vegetarians and ,2 have mi/ed food preferences. (he table presents the distribution of families according to their food preferences. ; families are vegetarians and ,2 have mi/ed food preferences. &hile this bestows considerable advantage, and enables survival in ver$ different environments, there are also risks inherent in distinguishing edible from potentiall$ poisonous items. Children must rapidl$ learn what is nutritious and safe to eat, and in what combination and conte/t, if the$ are to avoid the potentiall$ fatal consequences of ingesting to/ins or the less immediate but equall$ important effects of a nutritionall$ inadequate diet. FDenetic and environmental determinants of children%s food preferences5 <ane &ardle and 4uc$CookE. Ta+"e 1.$. #i!tri+'tion o Fa(i"ie! according to choice o 1ea"th Pro-ider 1ea"th Pro-ider Fre3'enc* Percentage !urse 1, 12 Doctor 9, 78 Uuack Doctor :9 2, 1idwives 72 21 Tota" 199 1>> Fig're #i!tri+'tion o Fa(i"ie! according to choice o 1ea"th Pro-ider (he table presents the distribution according to choice of health care provider. 1, individuals goes to nurses, 9, individuals go to doctors, :9 goes to quack doctors and 72 go to midwives. 1.$.

(he table presents the distribution according to choice of health care provider. 1, individuals goes to nurses, 9, individuals go to doctors, :9 goes to quack doctors and 72 go to midwives. ur findings suggest the reasons for trusting public and private providers differ, and that villagers% trust in and relationship with providers is one of the important considerations affecting where the$ seek care. 2eople believed that public providers were 'honest% and 'sincere%, did not 'bad mouth people% and e/plained the 'status of the disease%. 3illagers trusted public providers for their skills and abilities, and for an effective referral s$stem. +n contrast, respondents noted that seeing private providers was 'comfortable and eas$%, that the$ 'come to our home% and patients can 'owe VthemW some mone$%. 2rivate providers were trusted for being ver$ friendl$ and approachable, e/tremel$ thorough and careful, and eas$ to contact. FComparison of trust in public vs private health care providers in rural Cambodia5 Sachiko 6awa and Damian D &alkerE. 2.6.6. Co(('nication Re!o'rce 2.6.6.1 %o'rce! o In or(ation Ta+"e 1.$/ Fre3'enc* and #i!tri+'tion according to !o'rce! o In or(ation %o'rce o In or(ation (elevision "adio +nternet !ewspaper thers TOTAL C'antit* -8 9, 9 9 1, 166 Percentage :-J 7;J 7J 7J 11J 144D

Fre3'enc* #i!tri+'tion !o'rce! o

S ourceof Inform ation Others 11% Newspape r 3% Internet 3%

Television 47% Radio 36%

Fig're 1.$/ and according to In or(ation

(he table presents the distribution according to sources of information. -8 individuals get information through television, 9, from radio, 9 from the internet, 9 from the newspaper and 1, individuals gain information from other sources of information. 2.6.7. Fa(i"* P"anning Ta+"e 1.$6 #i!tri+'tion o Married indi-id'a"! according to choice o Fa(i"* P"anning Method Fa(i"* P"anning Method Fre3'enc* Percentage 1echanical 19 2: !atural 11 Chemical :> ;9 Tota" 62 144 Fig're 1.$6 #i!tri+'tion o Married indi-id'a"! according to choice o Fa(i"* P"anning Method

(he table presents the distribution according to the choice famil$ planning method of married couples. 19 couples use mechanical t$pe of famil$ planning

method, - use natural t$pe of famil$ planning method, :> couples use chemical t$pe of famil$ planning method. (he table presents the distribution according to the choice famil$ planning method of married couples. 19 couples use mechanical t$pe of famil$ planning method, - use natural t$pe of famil$ planning method, :> couples use chemical t$pe of famil$ planning method. +n these geographicall$ diverse stud$ sites, the issue of contraceptive choice does not seem to be a substantial problem. 1ost women did receive the method the$ wanted. (he results suggest, however, that provider misinformation is a primar$ reason that women do not receive their chosen method. (went$?si/ clients in 1e/ico and 1> in !epal did not receive an$ method, most because the$ were not menstruating at the time of the visit, an invalid reason for den$ing contraception. IH+ has developed a simple checklist to enable providers to be reasonabl$ certain that a woman is not pregnant. Osing the checklist can help prevent clients from being sent home without a contraceptive method. +n countries where clientsM resources are few and transportation to clinics difficult, providers should offer appropriate services when clients do come to the clinic. +n conclusionN

1ost women have a particular contraceptive method in mind when the$ come to the famil$ planning clinic. 1ost women in these settings are receiving their method of choice which is important for user satisfaction and possibl$ for continuation.

&hen women do not receive their method of choice, the reason is often because of unnecessar$ medical barriers, primaril$ unfounded suspicion of pregnanc$ if a woman is not menstruating. FContraceptive 1ethod Choice in !epal and 1e/ico, 2>1>E. Ta+"e 1.$7 Fre3'enc* and #i!tri+'tion o Married indi-id'a"! according to "ength o '!e o Fa(i"* P"anning Method

Length o '!e o Fa(i"* P"anning Married Percentage Method Indi-id'a"! Q1 $ear 12 77J 1?7 $ears ; 1;J :?; $ears 1,J - or more $ears 12 72J TOTAL $7 144D Fig're 1.$7 Fre3'enc* and #i!tri+'tion o Married indi-id'a"! according to "ength o '!e o Fa(i"* P"anning Method
D is tribution of Marrie d indiv idu als a ccordingto le ng thof us eof F a m ily P la nningMe thod
7 or m ore years 3 % < 1 year 33% 4-6 years 19% 1-3 years 16%

(he table and figure above shows that of the ,8 families surve$ed in 2urok 9= #rg$.Santiago, 12F77JE of the married families are using famil$ planning method Q 1 $ear,;F1;JE of the married families are using famil$ planning method for 1?7 $ears, -F1,JE of the married families are using famil$ planning method for :?; $ears, 12F72JE of the married families are using famil$ planning method for - or more $ears. 1a@orit$ of the people of 2urok 9=, #rg$.Santiago, are acceptor of famil$ planning methods. (his denotes that the #aranga$ Health workers are effective in disseminating knowledge regarding the famil$ planning programs and supporting them would help the government and the Department of Health in achieving their goal in famil$ planning. Iamil$ planning is a national mandated priorit$ public health program to attain the countr$%s national health development. +t provides information and services for the couples of reproductive age to plan their famil$ according to their beliefs and circumstances through legall$ and medicall$ acceptable famil$ planning methods. =ccording to the Department of Health, Iamil$ 2lanning 2rogram wishes to empowered men and women living health$, productive and fulfilling lives and e/ercising the right to regulate own fertilit$ through legall$ and acceptable famil$ planning services. (he choice of the couple to utili6e a famil$ planning method constitutes to several benefits such as improvement of reproductive health, reduction of povert$ and of maternal and child mortalit$, empowerment of women b$ lightening the burden of e/cessive childbearing within the conte/t of responsible

parenthood and enhancement of environmental sustainabilit$ b$ stabili6ing the planet%s population. F!.D= "egion 3, 2>>9E Ta+"e 1.$8 Fre3'enc* and #i!tri+'tion o Fa(i"ie! according to degree o Participation in the Co(('nit* #egree o Participation =lwa$s Sometimes !ever TOTAL Fa(i"ie! ;> 7; 2 98 Percentage ;1J 7-J 2J 144D

Fig're 1.$8 Fre3'enc* and #i!tri+'tion o Fa(i"ie! according to degree o Participation in the Co(('nit*
D e g re eof P a rtic ipa tion
Neve r %

" om eti m es 37% 61% (he table presents the distribution of families according to the degree of participation in the communit$. ;> families alwa$s @oin activities in the communit$, 7; families sometimes @oin activities in the communit$ and 2 families never @oin activities in the communit$. !lways

Ta+"e 1.$9 Fre3'enc* and #i!tri+'tion according to Recreationa" Acti-it* Recreationa" Acti-it* #asketball Swimming 3olle$ball thers TOTAL Indi-id'a"! Percentage 27 :7J 9 1>J 1 2J 2: :9J 97 1>>J

Fig're Ta+"e 1.$9 Fre3'enc* and #i!tri+'tion according to Recreationa" Acti-it*

R ecreational Activ ity

Others 4)%

#as$et%al l 43%

(olley%all %

"wim min & 1'%

(he table presents the distribution according to recreational activit$. 27 individuals prefer basketball, 9 consider swimming, 1 do volle$ball and 2: have other forms of recreation.

Ta+"e 1..4 Fre3'enc* and #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! according to n'(+er o =indo>! N'(+er o =indo>! >?1 2?7 :?9 ; or more TOTAL 1o'!eho"d! 8 91 19 12 86 Percentage ,J 9,J 18J 1:J 144D

Fig're 1..4 Fre3'enc* and #i!tri+'tion o 1o'!eho"d! according to n'(+er o =indo>!

Num ber of Windo s

6 or m ore windows 14% '-1 windows 9%

4-) windows 1*% -3 windows )9%

(he table shows that out of ,8 surve$ed families from 2urok 9=, #rg$. Santiago, !atural ventilation occurs when the air in a space is changed or outdoor air without the use of mechanical s$stems, such as fan. 1ost often natural

ventilation is assumed through open windows but it can also be achieved through temperature and pressure differences between spaces. 1ost of the households in 2urok 9=, #aranga$ Santiago described their house with adequate ventilation. +t indicates that about 8;J of the total number of families interviewed is comfortable in their houses when it comes to ventilation. Iresh air is important for the health and comfort of the inhabitants. = frequent cause of deadl$ carbon mono/ide gas is incomplete combustion due to an inadequate suppl$ of o/$gen. +t is also vital household air be flushed to get rid of pollutants that built up and irritate humans and even threaten the health of people living in homes lacking proper air circulation. F$ourtotalhealth.ivillage.comE. =lso, some benefits of having fresh air includes, it cleanses the lungs, it helps improve our breathing technique and also Iresh air produces a health$ mind, clean lungs, and a calmer constitution. Fwww.$ahoo.comE