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If you believe you have suffered from a concussion, contact your primary care physician. If you recognize any of the following symptoms, call 9-1-1 and seek immediate medical attention: o Unusual drowsiness o Changes in pupil size in one eye o Loss of consciousness (> 1 minute) o Becoming increasingly confused or irritable o Repeated vomiting or nausea o Tingling in arms or legs o Clear bloody fluid from ears or nose o Worsening symptoms
Additional Resources
http://www.cdc/gov/CONCUSSION/ This is a link to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The website contains information about concussions including links to resources and facts. The site includes two free online courses on the prevention, recognition, and appropriate response to concussions on young athletes. Great resource! sportsconcussionsmichiganatheltes.com/c oncussion-information/ Website created by the Michigan Athletic Association addressing young athletes directly. It informs them about what to look for and what to do if they suspect they have sustained a concussion. www.youtube.com/watch?v=jH867uCahE E&feature=related Link to ESPNs feature story on concussions.
Concussions
Everything you need to know about concussions and how to recognize the signs and symptoms
Statistics
CDC estimates reveal that 1.6 million to 3.8 million concussions occur each year 5-10% of athletes will experience a concussion in any given sport season Fewer than 10% of sport related concussions involve a Loss of Consciousness (e.g., blacking out, seeing stars, etc.) Football is the most common sport with concussion risk for males (75% chance for concussion) Soccer is the most common sport with concussion risk for females (50% chance for concussion) 78% of concussions occur during games (as opposed to practices)
Grade II -lose consciousness for less than five minutes or exhibit posttraumatic amnesia between 30 minutes and 24 hours in duration. They also may return to play after one week of being asymptomatic. Grade III -involve post-traumatic amnesia for more than 24 hours or unconsciousness for more than five minutes. Players who sustain this grade of brain injury should be sidelined for at least one month, after which they can return to play if they are asymptomatic for one week. If a person who has a concussion has not recovered within a few months, they are diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome. They may show the same symptoms such as poor memory, confusion, headaches, dizziness, and irritability. However these symptoms will last longer and may even be permanent.
References 1. Concussion. American Association of Neurological Surgeons. http://www.aans.org/Patient%20Information/Conditions%20and%20Treatments/Concussion.aspx. Published December 2011. Accessed November 21, 2013. 2. Concussion: By The Numbers. Sports Concussion Institute. Concussion Facts. http://www.concussiontreatment.com/concussionfacts.html#sfaq9. Updated 2012. Accessed November 21, 2013. 3. Concussions and ImPACT test. YouTube: United Wellness Channel. www.youtube.com/watch?v=jH867uCahEE&feature=related. Uploaded August 29, 2009. Accessed November 21, 2013. 4. Concussion and Mild TBI. Centers for Disease Control. http://www.cdc.gov/CONCUSSION/. Published October 6, 2011. Accessed November 21, 2013. 5. Concussion: Cleared to Play. Statistics on Youth Sports Safety. http://www.clearedtoplay.org/concussioninformation/concussions-by-the-numbers. Updated 2013. Accessed November 21, 2013. 6. Concussion Information. Sports Concussion Info for Athletes: Brain Injury Association of Michigan. http://sportsconcussionsmichiganathletes.com/concussion-information/. Accessed November 21, 2013. 7. Concussion Rehab Center Staff. Our Services. Concussion Rehab Center. concussiontherapy.com. Published 2013. Accessed November 21, 2013. 8. Herget, L. Recognizing and Managing Concussions: PT Assessment and Treatment. [Powerpoint]. Boston, MA: MGH Sports Physical Therapy, 2012. 9. Kuzmeski, B. Recognition and Management of Concussions. [PowerPoint]. Springfield, MA: University of Massachusetts. 10. Mayo Clinic Staff. Concussion. Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/concussion/DS00320. Published July 13, 2013. Accessed November 21, 2013. 11. Mucha, A. Physica Therapists Guide to Concussion. Move Forward: American Physical Therapy Association. http://www.moveforwardpt.com/symptomsconditionsdetail.aspx?cid=4f2ebb00-f1c0-4691-b2ab-742df8dffb99. Published March 24, 2011. Accessed November 21, 2013. 12. Williams, V. Concussion: What You Need To Know. Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic. http://kerlanjobeblog.com/category/sports-concussions/. Published October 24, 2013. Accessed November 21, 2013.