Suggestopedia Promoted by Georgi Lozanov in the 1970s

Natural Approach When and Who promoted the method? - Developed in the 1970s by tephen !rashen and "ra#y "errell

TPR Approach it $as developed in the 1970s by %ames &sher

Silent way Promoted by 'aleb Gattegno in 197(

Audio lingual Approach )t $as $idely *sed in the +nited tates and other #o*ntries in the 19,0-s and 19.0-s

Direct Method. Promoted by /erlitz in the 0)0 #ent*ry

Communicative Approach Developed by 1obert Langs 2D3

When and who promoted the method

Theory o !earning

*ggests the analysis o4 the st*dents level o4 stress and their #ognitive development in the st*dy o4 a 4oreign or se#ond lang*age3

&#5*ire a lang*age in a nat*ral $ay as $ell as #hildren do $hen learning the mother tong*e

2ethodology $hi#h improves the learning pro#ess based on the #oordination o4 body lang*age 6a#tions7 and verbal inp*t

2ethodology $hi#h emphasizes the a*tonomy o4 the learner in pro#ess o4 learning3

2ethod $hi#h s*ggests st*dents to imitate as similar as possible the pron*n#iation o4 a native spea8er

'onte9t is the most important in the learning pro#ess3

)t is 4o#*sed in #omm*ni#ative #ompeten#es3

Teacher"s role

-Parent-'hild relationship -&*thority "ea#hers sho*ld be a$are o4 all the 4a#tors $hi#h #an a44e#t the learning3

tea#her is in #harge o4 Detailed planning: &tmosphere 4ree 4rom 4ear: 1evision in #ir#les

Teacher"s participation is importante. They should ta#e an Active and direct role into the class

"ea#hers do not ne#essary transmit 8no$ledge: a#t as a model nor ans$er 5*estion3 /*t they have to interr*pt i4 it ne#essary in order to help st*dents to be 4o#*sed on the idea3 "hey sho*ld learn as independent as they #an the lang*age3 -&#tive role in the pro#ess o4 learning o4 a 4oreign lang*age3

"ea#her is the dire#tor o4 the or#hestra leader and provides a native spea8er li8e model 4or imitation: #ontrol st*dents behavior3

"ea#hers prepare spe#i4i# #onte9t a##ording to the topi#: sit*ations: et#3

"he tea#her 4a#ilitates the #lass: meaning that he does ma8e de#ision 4or st*dents

Students" Role

-1ela9ed -'on4ident "hey may *se di44erent strategies in order to improve their development3

st*dents de#ide themselves $hen to start to spea8ing and the ilent Phase

- Parent-#hild relationship3 - "hey have to rea#t physi#ally to the $ords o4 the tea#her3 - &#tive role

1epeat and imitate as 5*i#8ly as they #an 64l*ently7 a##ording to their tea#hers instr*#tions

-&#tive role "hey learn their target lang*age by *sing ne$ vo#ab*lary in #omple9 senten#es3

t*dents are allo$ed to ta8e the tea#hers role and e9plain their #lassmates

S#ill $s%

2ostly *sed re#eptive s8ills s*#h as Listening and 1eading

'omm*ni#ative mainly: and listening3

& #omplete methodology $hi#h improves listening: spea8ing: reading: and $riting Phonology;grammar

)t improves pea8ing: reading and $riting s8ills

pea8ing

pea8ing listening

pea8ing 1eading Writing3

System o theanguage The way that the method is taught and the way students learn

Le9is

Le9is

Phonology;grammar

phonology 2ime: dialog*es and drills: repetition and memorization3

grammar Dis#*ssion #onversation reading3 Demonstrating: realia pi#t*res and pantomime3

3 Le9is3 <ral intera#tion: gro*p dis#*ssion: listening and reading #omprehension3

Music southing puzzles games 'olor4*l $alls

It is taught, presenting comprehensible input in the target language

Imitation, group activities, play games, drilling.

Using a sound/ color chart Rods Words charts A pointer Spelling charts

C&!T Approach )t $as #reated primarily 4or ind*stries in +nited tated in + & in the 70s:

Content 'ase Approach /egan in 1970s to integrate the tea#hing o4 reading and $riting3

Community Approach Promoted /y 'harles '*rran3

When and who promoted the method

Cooperative learning and multiple (ntelligence Developed in 19=> by Dr3 ?o$ard Gardner3

Tas# 'ased learning Promoted by Prabh*6197=7 : @*nan 619=97 and Willis 6199.7

!anguage strategy !earning Developed by r*ben 6197,7 and Wanden 619=,7

!e)ical Approach Promoted in 19>> by 2i#hael Le$is3

Theory o !earning

Ao#*sed on Peoples e9pe#tations at $or83

Logi#al thin8ing is learned thro*gh #onte9t*alized and meaning4*l lessons3

2ethodology $hi#h is *sed in order to avoid individ*ality in learners in the pro#ess 2*st be ta*ght #onsidering st*dents as a $hole: #onsidering their 4eelings and intelle#t

&#tive learning and $or8ing in gro*ps in order to develop the #ompeten#ies3 t*dents learn by listening to songs: games: debating: story telling: singing3

"as8s are the main Ao#*s o4 the lesson: based on meaning3

Learning is #*lt*re and this $ill determine ho$ st*dents learn3

2eaning-#entered syllab*s3

The way that the method is taught and the way students learn

Gro*p intera#tion a#tivities: *se o4 4reely lang*age3

2eta-#ognitive a#tivities3

Bvery type o4 tas8 s*#h as $riting a#tivities: dis#*ssions: reading te9ts3

G*essing games: modeling pron*n#iation: as8ing 5*estions3

"ea#hingC "ranslation: repetitive drills: di#tation: spea8ing tas8s and role plays3 LearningC 2emorizing: g*essing and noti#ing3

Teacher"s role

"ea#her has to provide tools 4or the appropriate *sage o4 the lang*age3 "ea#hers tea#h ho$ to *se the lang*age3

"ea#her motivates st*dents to learn: tea#her is $ho 8no$s the lang*age and is responsible 4or it3

&*thority "ea#hers do not treat st*dents individ*ally

"ea#hers have to potentiated t*dents s8ills3

"ea#her has passive role: he is D*st an observer3

"ea#hers role is modeling di44erent strategies 4or st*dents $hile they are learning: $itho*t any #orre#tion or *se o4 the mother tong*e3 t*dents have to 8no$ or 4ind o*t ho$ they learn best3

!no$er: <rganizer: 1eso*r#e: Prompter3

Students" Role

t*dents have an a#tive role3

t*dents learn in an a*tonomo*s $ay3 &nd they are e9posed to an interesting #onte9t3

-&#tive role3 "hey sho*ld learn 4rom the dependen#y to the independen#y pea8ing listening

t*dents learn by listening to songs: games: proDe#t $or83

t*dents have an a#tive role: being the main #hara#ter o4 the learning pro#ess3 Listening pea8ing Writing 1eading3 Le9is Grammar

Dis#overs and noti#e the ne$ 8no$ledge

S#ill $s%

pea8ing Listening $riting reading

pea8ing Listening $riting 1eading

Listening pea8ing Writing 1eading

pea8ing Writing 1eading listening Le9is grammar

Listening 1eading

System o the language

Le9is : Grammar: phonology

Le9is and grammar3

Grammar: Phonology and Le9is3

Le9is: Grammar and Phonology3

Le9is: Grammar and Phoneti#s3