NORTH KOREA

NEW SATELLITE IMAGES SHOW CONTINUED INVESTMENT IN THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF REPRESSION

Amnesty International *ubli ations +irst published in ,#!3 by Amnesty International *ubli ations International -e retariat *eter .enenson House ! Easton -treet /ondon )0!1 #() 'nited Kingdom $$$%amnesty%org 2 Amnesty International *ubli ations ,#!3 Inde34 A-A ,56#!#6,#!3 Original /anguage4 English *rinted by Amnesty International, International -e retariat, 'nited Kingdom

All rights reserved% This publi ation is opyright, but may be reprodu ed by any method $ithout fee for advo a y, ampaigning and tea hing purposes, but not for resale% The opyright holders re7uest that all su h use be registered $ith them for impa t assessment purposes% +or opying in any other ir umstan es, or for reuse in other publi ations, or for translation or adaptation, prior $ritten permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable% To re7uest permission, or for any other in7uiries, please onta t opyright8amnesty%org

Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and a tivists in more than !"# ountries and territories $ho ampaign to end grave abuses of human rights% Our vision is for every person to en&oy all the rights enshrined in the 'niversal (e laration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards% )e are independent of any government, politi al ideology, e onomi interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and publi donations%

0ONTENTINTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................5 Background...............................................................................................................6 Methodology .............................................................................................................7 FINDING OF N!" #T!$$IT! IM#G! #N#$% I ..........................................................& Con'truct(on o) *ou'(ng and #d+(n('trat(,e Bu(ld(ng' .................................................-T(ght ecur(ty and Control ........................................................................................-5 $a.our #ct(,(ty ........................................................................................................-7 CONC$U ION ............................................................................................................/!NDNOT! ................................................................................................................//

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

INTRO('0TION
In Octo.er /1-23 #+ne'ty Internat(onal co++(''(oned analy'(' o) 'atell(te (+age' o) 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4 5kwanliso6 -5 at %odok (n outh *a+gyong 4ro,(nce and kwanliso -6 at *7a'eong (n North *a+gyong 4ro,(nce. The (+age' 'ho7 that (n'tead o) heed(ng the gro7(ng call' )or clo'(ng (t' 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4'3 re4re''(on .y the North 8orean author(t(e' ha' cont(nued and the 4r('oner 4o4ulat(on (n kwanliso -6 a44ear' to ha,e 'l(ghtly (ncrea'ed. The North 8orean author(t(e'9 on:go(ng (n,e't+ent (n the country9' 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' (' 4art o) the cont(nu(ng 'y'te+at(c3 7(de'4read and gra,e ,(olat(on' o) hu+an r(ght' throughout the country. In order to c(rcu+,ent the un7(ll(ngne'' o) the North 8orean author(t(e' to allo7 hu+an r(ght' (n,e't(gator' acce''3 #+ne'ty Internat(onal and other' ha,e u'ed re+ote 'en'(ng tool'3 'uch a' 'atell(te (+agery3 to 4ro,(de +ore (n)or+at(on a.out the hu+an r(ght' '(tuat(on (n North 8orea. ;re,(ou' 'atell(te (+age analy'(' relea'ed .y #+ne'ty Internat(onal 'ugge't' the u'e and e<4an'(on o) North 8orea9' notor(ou' 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4'3- and the .lurr(ng o) the .oundary .et7een kwanliso -= and 'urround(ng ,(llage'./ Th(' ne7 docu+ent 4ro,(de' co+4rehen'(,e a''e''+ent' of kwanliso -5 and -6 at %odok and *7a'eong re'4ect(,ely. Kwanliso -6 (' the large't 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4 (n North 8orea. The analy'(' (' co+4le+ented .y te't(+ony )ro+ a )or+er 4r('on guard o) kwanliso -6 and 'ur,(,or' )ro+ kwanliso -53 de'cr(.(ng the 'y'te+ o) re4re''(on )ro+ )(r't:hand e<4er(ence. The North 8orean go,ern+ent cont(nue' to engage (n the 'y'te+at(c ,(olat(on o) al+o't the ent(re range o) hu+an r(ght' and den(e' acce'' to (nde4endent hu+an r(ght' (n,e't(gator'3 (nclud(ng the UN Co++(''(on o) In>u(ry on *u+an R(ght' (n the De+ocrat(c ;eo4le9' Re4u.l(c o) 8orea 5CoI:D;R863 Mar?uk( Daru'+an3 the UN 4ec(al Ra44orteur on the '(tuat(on o) hu+an r(ght' (n the De+ocrat(c ;eo4le9' Re4u.l(c o) 8orea 5D;R863 and (nternat(onal hu+an r(ght' organ(?at(on' 'uch a' #+ne'ty Internat(onal. #+ne'ty Internat(onal rene7' (t' call to author(t(e' (n North 8orea to@ #ckno7ledge the e<('tence o) (t' 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' and to clo'e the+ (++ed(atelyA I++ed(ately and uncond(t(onally relea'e all 4r('oner' o) con'c(ence held (n 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4'3 (nclud(ng relat(,e' held on the .a'(' o) Bgu(lt:.y:a''oc(at(onC. #ll other (n+ate' 'hould .e relea'ed unle'' they are charged 7(th an (nternat(onally recogn(?a.le o))ence3 re+anded .y an (nde4endent court and are g(,en a )a(r tr(alA Grant acce'' to North 8orea3 (nclud(ng all 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4'3 to (nde4endent (nternat(onal hu+an r(ght' +on(tor' (nclud(ng #+ne'ty Internat(onal3 the CoI:D;R8 and the UN 4ec(al Ra44orteur on the '(tuat(on o) hu+an r(ght' (n the D;R8.

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

#dd(t(onally3 #+ne'ty Internat(onal call' u4on all countr(e' (n the reg(on3 e'4ec(ally Ch(na and $ao'@ To re'4ect the(r (nternat(onal la7 o.l(gat(on' and not )orc(.ly return North 8orean' 7ho ha,e )led the country3 a' any 'uch return could 4ut the+ at 'er(ou' r('k o) gra,e hu+an r(ght' ,(olat(on' (nclud(ng .e(ng 'ent to the kwanliso.

3ACKGROUND
*undred' o) thou'and' o) 4eo4leD(nclud(ng ch(ldrenDare held (n 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' and other detent(on )ac(l(t(e' (n North 8orea3 7here they are 'u.Eect to 'y'te+at(c3 7(de'4read and gra,e hu+an r(ght' ,(olat(on'. Many o) tho'e held (n 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' ha,e not co++(tted any cr(+e3 .ut are relat(,e' o) tho'e dee+ed un)r(endly to the North 8orean ad+(n('trat(on3 and are deta(ned a' a )or+ o) collect(,e 4un('h+ent. O,er the year'3 #+ne'ty Internat(onal ha' collected te't(+on(e' o) )or+er deta(nee' and 4r('on guard' at 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' (n North 8orea to o.ta(n (n)or+at(on a.out cond(t(on' and treat+ent 7(th(n the'e detent(on )ac(l(t(e'. For+er 4r('oner' )ro+ the 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4 at kwanliso -5 5%odok6 told #+ne'ty Internat(onal that (n+ate' are )orced to 7ork (n 'la,e:l(ke cond(t(on' and are )re>uently 'u.Eected to torture and other cruel3 (nhu+an or degrad(ng treat+ent.2 #ll tho'e (nter,(e7ed had 7(tne''ed 4u.l(c e<ecut(on' o) (n+ate' F generally .y hang(ng or .y 'hoot(ng. 8(+ %oung:'oon3 7ho 7a' an (n+ate o) kwanliso -5 .et7een -&G1 and -&G&3 de'cr(.ed a 4u.l(c e<ecut(on o) t7o (n+ate' 7ho 7ere caught atte+4t(ng to e'ca4eA they 7ere .rought to a 'tage a)ter they 7ere .adly .eaten. They 7ere t(ed to 7ooden 'take' and 'hot three t(+e' (n the(r head3 che't and )eet.= In an (nter,(e7 conducted (n No,e+.er /1-23 Mr.$ee 5)ull na+e 7(thheld63 7ho 7a' a 'ecur(ty o))(c(al (n kwanliso -6 (n the -&G1' unt(l the +(d:-&&1'3 told #+ne'ty Internat(onal o) other )or+' o) e<ecut(on' he had 7(tne''ed 7here (n+ate' 7ere )orced to d(g the(r o7n gra,e' and then k(lled .y ha++er .lo7' to the(r neck' .y 4r('on author(t(e'. In another (n'tance3 he had 'een 4r('on author(t(e' 'trangl(ng and then .eat(ng (n+ate' to the(r death 7(th 7ooden 't(ck'. *e al'o recounted that 'e,eral 7o+en (n+ate' d('a44eared a)ter they had .een ra4ed .y o))(c(al' and he concluded that they had .een e<ecuted 'ecretly.5 The North 8orean go,ern+ent cont(nue' to deny the e<('tence o) 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4'3 (nclud(ng tho'e re4eatedly docu+ented through 'atell(te:.a'ed o.'er,at(on. "h(le (t (' e't(+ated that o,er a hundred thou'and 4eo4le )ace a44all(ng hu+an r(ght' ,(olat(on' 7(th(n the 'y'te+ o) 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' (n North 8orea3 l()e )or the ord(nary 4o4ulat(on al'o re+a(n' do+(nated .y e<tre+e )or+' o) re4re''(on3 )ood 'hortage'3 and the 4er'('tent threat o) ar.(trary detent(on and (ncarcerat(on (n d(re cond(t(on' (n the ,a't 'y'te+ o) detent(on )ac(l(t(e' (nclud(ng the 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4'. The r(ght' to )reedo+ o) e<4re''(on3 a''e+.ly and a''oc(at(on ha,e .een ,(rtually non:e<('tent (n North 8orea '(nce (t' (nce4t(on. !,en +ore 'e,ere re'tr(ct(on' are .el(e,ed to ha,e .een (+4o'ed +ore recently to 4re,ent challenge' to the ne7 go,ern+ent under the 4re'ent leader 8(+ Hong:un 7ho

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

ca+e to 4o7er (n Dece+.er /1--. There (' no (nde4endent do+e't(c +ed(a3 no kno7n (nde4endent o44o'(t(on 4ol(t(cal 4art(e' and no (nde4endent c(,(l 'oc(ety. Cr(t(c('+ o) the go,ern+ent (' 4un('hed .y detent(on (n a 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4 or (n one o) the +any other detent(on )ac(l(t(e' (n North 8orea. Only a 'elect )e7 4eo4le (n the country ha,e (nternet acce''3 +o'tly through a clo'ely +on(tored (ntranet net7ork. U'e o) +o.(le 4hone' (' hea,(ly re'tr(cted. North 8orean c(t(?en' )ace hea,y re'tr(ct(on' on tra,el3 .oth a.road and 7(th(n the country. Tho'e 7ho ,(olate tra,el re'tr(ct(on' )ace 'e,ere 4un('h+ent. The'e re'tr(ct(on' on +o,e+ent are en)orced (n the conte<t o) a 'e,ere and 4er'('tent )ood cr('(' (n North 8orea3 7h(ch ha' led to 7(de'4read +alnutr(t(on and )ood de4r(,at(on. tate+ent' and act(on' .y North 8orean author(t(e' )ro+ /1-2 (nd(cate that the go,ern+ent (' e'calat(ng (t' e))ort' to 4re,ent 4eo4le )ro+ )lee(ng the country. North 8orean' are 4roh(.(ted )ro+ tra,ell(ng a.road 7(thout 'tate 4er+(''(on and recent crackdo7n' and (ncrea'ed .order control' ha,e +ade (t e<ceed(ngly d())(cult to cro'' the .order (nto Ch(na. #ccord(ng to outh 8orean go,ern+ent )(gure'3 the nu+.er o) North 8orean' reach(ng outh 8orea la't year 7a' -351& co+4ared to /3716 (n /1--.6

METHODOLOG4
#''e''+ent' regard(ng the 'tate o) a))a(r' (n the 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' under e<a+(nat(on are .a'ed on te't(+ony 4ro,(ded .y )or+er deta(nee' and 4r('on o))(c(al'3 and the u'e o) 'atell(te:.a'ed re+ote 'en'(ng tool' and analy'('. I+agery and analyt(c' 7ere 'ecured .y #+ne'ty Internat(onal9' c(ence )or *u+an R(ght' 4rogra+ )ro+ D(g(talGlo.e3 Inc. I+agery )ro+ kwanliso -5 and -6 7ere e<a+(ned to a''e'' )eature' and change' (n )eature' o,er t(+e3 (nclud(ng@ !% ,% 3% 5% "% 9% ;er(+eter )enc(ng3 guard 4o't' and 'tat(on' #cce'' control' and check4o(nt' #d+(n('trat(,e3 re'(dent(al3 and 4r('on:'4ec()(c .u(ld(ng' !cono+(c act(,(ty Road3 ra(l3 and other (n)ra'tructure Food and other 'torage )ac(l(t(e'

The 4er(od under e<a+(nat(on )or 'atell(te (+agery analy'(' )or kwanliso -5 '4an' the 4er(od )ro+ /1-- to /1-23 and (nclude' (+agery dated March /1--3 Fe.ruary /1-/3 and t7o (n /1-2 5#4r(l and e4te+.er6. The 4er(od under e<a+(nat(on )or 'atell(te (+agery analy'(' )or kwanliso -6 '4an' the 4er(od

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

.et7een /11G and /1-2. Date' o) (+agery u'ed (n the analy'(' )or th(' 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4 (nclude t7o (n /11& 5#ugu't and Octo.er63 Hune /1-13 t7o (n /1-- 5May and e4te+.er63 No,e+.er /1-/3 and t7o (n /1-2 5#4r(l and May6.

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

&

+IN(IN:- O+ NE) -ATE//ITE I;A:E ANA/<-I#+ne'ty Internat(onal9' c(ence )or *u+an R(ght' 4rogra+ co++(''(oned 'atell(te (+age analy'(' of kwanliso -5 5/1--:/1-26 and kwanliso -6 5/11G:/1-26 (n order to a''e'' the current 'tate o) the'e t7o 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4'. Kwanliso -5 (' located (n %odok3 outh *a+gyong 4ro,(nce around -/1k+ )ro+ the ca4(tal ;yongyang and kwanliso -6 (n *7a'eong3 North *a+gyong 4ro,(nce (' a44ro<(+ately =11 k+ )ro+ ;yongyang.

Ma( o' North Korea a#% #ei!h2o$ri#! "o$#tries with Ca (s /5 a#% /6 hi!hli!hte% i# re% 7So$r"e* Di!italGlo2e89 Na es a#% 2o$#%ar1 re(rese#tatio# %o #ot #e"essaril1 "o#stit$te e#%orse e#t 21 A #est1 I#ter#atio#al9

The )(nd(ng' o) the ne7 analy'(' are o) gra,e concern@ Far )ro+ d('+antl(ng the 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' F 4lace' o) 'y'te+at(c3 7(de'4read and gra,e hu+an r(ght' ,(olat(on'3 'uch a' )orced hard la.our3 den(al o) deta(nee9' )ood >uota a' 4un('h+ent3 torture and other cruel3 (nhu+an3 or degrad(ng treat+ent F they a44ear act(,e and author(t(e' a44ear to .e (n,e't(ng (n +a(ntenance o) the 4r('on'9 (n)ra'tructure. 4ec()(c )eature' ,('(.le through re+ote 'en'(ng that allo7 )or an a''e''+ent o) the 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' (nclude@ ;o4ulat(on *ou'(ng@ In the ca'e o) kwanliso -63 analy'(' 'ho7' an (ncrea'ed nu+.er o) hou'(ng .lock' 'ugge't(ng a 4o''(.le (ncrea'e (n the 4o4ulat(on. In a )e7 (n'tance'3 'atell(te (+age' 'ho7ed actual hou'(ng under con'truct(on3 re,eal(ng a rare (n'(ght (nto the 'tructure

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

-1

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

o) hou'e' 7(th(n the 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+43 (nclud(ng the e<act layout and '(?e' o) roo+' : (n)or+at(on that +(ght 4ro,e rele,ant )or current or )uture (n,e't(gat(on' and 4ro,(de (nd(cat(on' regard(ng 4o4ulat(on '(?e o) the ca+4'. ecur(ty and Control@ The 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' re+a(n under t(ght control and are clearly +arked through 4er(+eter and )ence'. The ca+4' are 'urrounded .y 'ecur(ty )enc(ng and +o,e+ent a44ear' to .e re'tr(cted and controlled through 'ecured entrance gate'3 guard to7er' and (nternal check 4o(nt'. $a.our act(,(ty@ There a44ear' to .e '(gn()(cant econo+(c act(,(ty3 'uch a' +(n(ng3 logg(ng or agr(culture. For e<a+4le3 (+agery o) kwanliso -6 )ro+ /1-1 and /1-/ track' the e<4an'(on o) an (ndu'tr(al area 7(th(n the 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4. "(th a '(?e o) 561k+/3 kwanliso 16 (' +ore than three t(+e' the '(?e o) "a'h(ngton3 DC3 the ca4(tal o) the Un(ted tate' and (' the large't 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4 (n North 8orea. *o7e,er3 (t (' al'o one o) the lea't (n,e't(gated area' (n the ,a't 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4 'y'te+ (n North 8orea. Kwanliso -6 'ho7' the ty4(cal )eature' o) other 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' (n North 8orea3 7(th controlled acce'' 4o(nt'3 guard to7er' and check4o(nt'. The con'truct(on o) add(t(onal hou'(ng .et7een /11G and /1-2 'ugge't' that the 4o4ulat(on ha' 'l(ghtly (ncrea'ed.7 Kwanliso -53 al'o kno7n a' %odok kwanliso3 enco+4a''e' an area o) 271 k+/. The +a(n econo+(c act(,(t(e'3 agr(culture and +(n(ng and (t' 4o4ulat(on are concentrated (n r(,er ,alley'. #+ne'ty Internat(onal co++(''(oned 'atell(te (+age analy'(' o) kwanliso -5 (n /1--. (nce then3 '+all change' 7ere +ade (n the 4er(4hery o) the 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4A nota.ly3 o,er the 4er(od under e<a+(nat(on3 25 non:hou'(ng 'tructure' 7ere erected3 (nd(cat(ng on: go(ng (n,e't+ent (n3 and +a(ntenance o)3 the 4r('on ca+49' (n)ra'tructure. O,er the o.'er,at(on 4er(od3 2& hou'(ng 'tructure' 7ere re+o,ed3 7h(le '(< ne7 hou'(ng 'tructure' 7ere erected. Th(' decrea'e (n hou'(ng could (nd(cate a decrea'e (n the 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+49' 4o4ulat(on. #ct(,(t(e' (n .oth 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4'3 a' o.'er,ed through re+ote 'en'(ng3 'ho7 ho7 author(t(e' a44ear to .e (n,e't(ng (n the ,ery (n)ra'tructure that allo7' )or 'y'te+at(c ,(olat(on' o) hu+an r(ght'. "hat )ollo7' are e<a+4le' o) the'e act(,(t(e'.

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

--

CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSING AND ADMINISTRATIVE 3UILDINGS

The central 5ad+(n('trat(,e6 area o) kwanliso -6 a44ear' to ha,e undergone the +o't change (n the o.'er,at(on t(+e)ra+e3 (nclud(ng the ra?(ng and recon'truct(on o) hou'(ng 'tructure'. In total3 e(ght ne7 hou'(ng 'tructure' 7ere added (n /1-- and /1-/ 5'ee .otto+ (+age63 and a ne7 ad+(n('trat(,e .u(ld(ng 7a' added (n /1-1 5'ee to4 (+age6.

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

-/

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

The (+age' .elo73 )ro+ /1-- and /1-23 re'4ect(,ely3 'ho7 a clo'e u4 o) a ,(llage (n the northern 4art o) kwanliso -63 7(th ne7 hou'(ng .e(ng recently added or .e(ng under con'truct(on. The guard 4o't (n (++ed(ate ,(c(n(ty o) the ,(llage allo7' )or con'tant 'u4er,('(on o) the 4r('oner' and (' (nd(cat(,e o) the t(ght 'ecur(ty 7(th(n the 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4.

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

-2

# recent (+age )ro+ kwanliso -6 clo'e to the +a(n entrance 'ho7' t7o +ore hou'(ng un(t' under con'truct(on3 'ho7(ng ten = .y 2.5 +eter un(t' (n each .u(ld(ng.

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

-=

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

The (+age' that are )eatured .elo7 )ro+ kwanliso -5 5%odok kwanliso6 'ho7 an ad+(n('trat(,e co+4ound 5located (n Area 6 o) the o,er,(e7 (+age on the )ollo7(ng 4age6 that 7a' con'tructed 5or recon'tructed6 .et7een March /1-- and Fe.ruary /1-/. !<act )unct(onal(ty o) the co+4le< (' unclear3 .ut (t (' l(kely to .e e(ther a guard 'tat(on or an ad+(n('trat(,e area to 'u44ort logg(ng act(,(t(e'.

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

-5

TIGHT SECURIT4 AND CONTROL

Both ca+4' 'ho7ed un+('taka.le '(gn' o) ho7 author(t(e' re'tr(ct )reedo+ o) +o,e+ent o) the 4o4ulat(on 7(th(n the(r 4er(+eter'. Kwanliso -5 (' 'urrounded .y a dou.le )ence along (t' 4er(+eter and nu+erou' guard 4o't'. #cce'' (' h(ghly re'tr(cted through t7o gate' on o44o'(te '(de' o) the 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4.

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

-6

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

Mo,e+ent al'o a44ear' to .e re'tr(cted 7(th(n the ca+4'. The (+age .elo73 )ro+ Hune /1-13 'ho7' a check4o(nt on the +a(n road 7(th(n kwanliso -6.

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

-7

LA3OUR ACTIVIT4
atell(te (+age' )urther 'ho7 (n,e't+ent (n and +a(ntenance o) 4roduct(on )ac(l(t(e'3 )ocu'ed on +(n(ng3 agr(culture and logg(ng. # /1-1 'atell(te (+age ca4ture' the con'truct(on o) a ne7 )ac(l(ty 7(th(n kwanliso -6. In the (+age )urther .elo7 )ro+ No,e+.er /1-/3 the (ndu'tr(al )ac(l(ty a44ear' to .e o4erat(onal and ne7 'u44ort .u(ld(ng' are ,('(.le.

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

-G

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

$ogg(ng (' 7(dely ,('(.le (n .oth ca+4'. The )ollo7(ng (+age' 'ho7 the on:go(ng logg(ng act(,(t(e' o,er a t7o year 4er(od 5/1-- F /1-26 7(th(n kwanliso -5 5Area 8 o) o,er,(e7 (+age on 4age -=6.

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

-&

Th(' 'atell(te (+age t(+e 'er(e' )ro+ /1-- to /1-2 'ho7' a 4ro.a.le )urn(ture )actory 7(th(n kwanliso -5 5Area 4 o) o,er,(e7 (+age on 4age -=6. The change (n lu+.er 4(le' (' (nd(cat(,e o) 4roduct(on act(,(ty.

#ccord(ng to te't(+on(e' )ro+ )or+er (n+ate' (n kwanliso -53 all (n+ate' 7ere 'u.Eect to )orced la.our )or .et7een -1 to -/ hour' da(ly (n dangerou' cond(t(on' (n the 4roduct(on )ac(l(t(e'3 +(ne'3 logg(ng and )ar+(ng. Fa(lure to +eet the 7ork >uota' could lead to reduct(on or d('cont(nuat(on o) )ood rat(on'. #ccord(ng to a cou4le3 8(+ and $ee 5)ull na+e' 7(thheld63 7ho 7ere deta(ned (n kwanliso -5 .et7een -&&& and /11-3

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

/1

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

We worked in the farms (at kwanliso 15) from 7am to 8pm. We c lti!ated corn. We were di!ided to work in nits comprisin" 1#$15 people each. We were "i!en a dail% prod ction tar"et that we had to meet. &f the nit did not meet the dail% tar"et' the nit$mem(ers were p nished collecti!el%. ) rin" the co rse of o r three$%ear detention' often we did not meet o r tar"ets (eca se we were alwa%s h n"r% and weak. We were p nished with (eatin"s and also red ctions in o r food * ota. &n addition to that' in the &deolo"% +tr ""le +essions that were held after work' those who did not meet the tar"et were se!erel% critici,ed and (eaten (% other inmates.-G

#ccord(ng to 4r('on o))(c(al Mr. $ee 7ho 7orked (n kwanliso -63 (n+ate' u'ed to '4end +o't o) the(r t(+e 7ork(ng (n dangerou' cond(t(on'3 7ere o,er7orked and had ,ery l(ttle t(+e to re't. In +o't ca'e'3 they had to 7ork unt(l they )ul)(lled the(r 7ork >uota'. #)ter the(r 7ork3 they had to attend 'el):cr(t(c('+ +eet(ng'. Only a)ter the'e +eet(ng' 7ere they allo7ed to re'tA +o'tly .et7een -/ +(dn(ght and =a+. *e had 7(tne''ed acc(dent' (n the 7ork 4lace3 +any o) 7h(ch 7ere )atal.

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

/-

0ON0/'-ION
Ba'ed on the 'atell(te (+agery analy'(' o) kwanliso -5 and -63 the 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' 'ee+ to .e act(,e and (n)ra'tructure +a(ntenance on:go(ng. The analy'(' de+on'trate' a 4o''(.le (ncrea'e (n the 4o4ulat(on (n kwanliso -63 a 4o4ulat(on that (' 'u.Eected to gra,e hu+an r(ght' ,(olat(on' (nclud(ng torture3 e<ecut(on'3 )orced la.our and horr()(c l(,(ng cond(t(on' a' (' re,ealed .y the 4a't te't(+on(e' o) 'ur,(,or' and 4r('on o))(c(al' 7ho ha,e .een (n 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' (n North 8orea. The 'atell(te (+age' re,eal '(gn()(cant econo+(c act(,(ty 'uch a' +(n(ng3 logg(ng and agr(culture 7h(ch3 accord(ng to te't(+ony3 u'e a 4r('on la.our )orce 7ho 7ork long hour' (n dangerou' cond(t(on'3 are 'u.Eected to den(al o) )ood >uota a' 4un('h+ent and 7(th l(+(ted hour' o) re't. O) )urther concern3 .oth 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' re+a(n under t(ght control 7(th +o,e+ent re'tr(cted .y 'ecured entrance gate'3 guard to7er' and (nternal check 4o(nt'. In l(ght o) the (n)or+at(on 4re'ented (n th(' analy'('3 #+ne'ty Internat(onal urge' the go,ern+ent o) North 8orea to@ #ckno7ledge the e<('tence o) (t' 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4' and to clo'e the+ (++ed(atelyA I++ed(ately and uncond(t(onally relea'e all 4r('oner' o) con'c(ence held (n 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4'3 (nclud(ng relat(,e' held on the .a'(' o) Bgu(lt:.y:a''oc(at(onC. #ll other (n+ate' 'hould .e relea'ed unle'' they are charged 7(th an (nternat(onally recogn(?a.le o))ence3 re+anded .y an (nde4endent court and are g(,en a )a(r tr(alA Grant acce'' to North 8orea3 (nclud(ng all 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4'3 to (nde4endent (nternat(onal hu+an r(ght' +on(tor' (nclud(ng #+ne'ty Internat(onal3 the UN Co++(''(on o) In>u(ry on hu+an r(ght' (n the D;R83 and the UN 4ec(al Ra44orteur on the '(tuat(on o) hu+an r(ght' (n the D;R8

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

//

North Korea New satellite i a!es show "o#ti#$e% i#&est e#t i# the i#'rastr$"t$re o' re(ressio#

EN(NOTE-

#+ne'ty Internat(onal3 BNorth 8orea@ I+age' re,eal 'cale o) 4ol(t(cal 4r('on ca+4'3C 2 May3 /1--. htt4@II777.a+ne'ty.orgIenIne7':and:u4date'I(+age':re,eal:'cale:north:korean:4ol(t(cal:4r('on:ca+4': /1--:15:123 5acce''ed 5 No,e+.er3 /1-26.
/ #+ne'ty Internat(onal3 JNorth 8orea@ Ne7 (+age' 'ho7 .lurr(ng o) 4r('on ca+4' and ,(llage'3J 7 March /1-2

htt4@II777.a+ne'ty.orgIenIne7'Inorth:korea:ne7:(+age':'ho7:.lurr(ng:4r('on:ca+4':and:,(llage':/1-2: 12:173 5acce''ed 5 No,e+.er3 /1-26.

2

"atch te't(+ony )ro+ )or+er deta(nee' (n %odok here@ htt4@IIyoutu..eI-y1yhK6IT7oLtM/+5'3 5acce''ed No,e+.er G3 /1-26.
=

#+ne'ty Internat(onal (nter,(e7 7(th 8(+ %oung:'oon (n Octo.er /1-2. #+ne'ty Internat(onal (nter,(e7 7(th Mr.$ee (n No,e+.er /1-2. #+ne'ty Internat(onal3 JNorth 8orea e'calate' .order crackdo7n3J /- Hune3 /1-2.

htt4@II777.a+ne'ty.orgIenI)or:+ed(aI4re'':relea'e'Inorth:korea:e'calate':.order:crackdo7n:/1-2:16: /-3 5acce''ed 5 No,e+.er3 /1-26. *o7e,er3 the (ncrea'e a44ear' not to .e '(gn()(cant enough to 'ugge't that 'e,eral thou'and 4r('oner' )ro+ kwanliso // (n *oeryong (n North *a+gyong 4ro,(nce3 7h(ch 7a' clo'ed accord(ng to re4ort' (n Octo.er /1-/3 7ere relocated to kwanliso -6. ee3 )or e<a+4le3 Ber+ude?3 Ho'e4h3 and #+y O44er+an3 D(g(talGlo.e and The Co++(ttee )or *u+an R(ght' (n North 8orea3 BNorth 8orea9' Ca+4 //.C htt4@II777.hrnk.orgIu4load'I4d)'I*RN8N/1C#M;N/1//N/1R!;ORTN/1FIN#$N/15-6.4d)3 5acce''ed 7 No,e+.er3 /1-26.
G 7

#+ne'ty Internat(onal (nter,(e7 7(th cou4le 8(+ and $ee 5)ull na+e' 7(thheld6 (n Huly /1-1 c(ted (n B#+ne'ty Internat(onal@ Med(a Br(e)(ngC 5#I Inde<@ # # /=I11-I/1--6 htt4@II777.a+ne'ty.orgIenIl(.raryIa''etI# #/=I11-I/1--IenI/67-e5=):-cd-:=6c-:&6)-: 6a=62e)a6)65Ia'a/=11-/1--en.4d)3 5acce''ed /6 No,e+.er /1-26.

A #est1 I#ter#atio#al De"e 2er +./0

I#%e)* ASA +,-./.-+./0

$$$%amnesty%org