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Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (diabetes) that starts or is first diagnosed during pregnancy.

Causes
Risk factors for gestational diabetes include:

African or Hispanic ancestry Being older than 25 hen pregnant !a"ily history of diabetes Gi#ing birth to a pre#ious baby that eighed "ore than $ pounds %besity Recurrent infections &ne'plained "iscarriage or death of a ne born

Symptoms
&sually there are no sy"pto"s( or the sy"pto"s are "ild and not life threatening to the pregnant o"an. %ften( the blood sugar (glucose) le#el returns to nor"al after deli#ery. )y"pto"s "ay include:

Blurred #ision !atigue !re*uent infections( including those of the bladder( #agina( and skin +ncreased thirst +ncreased urination ,ausea and #o"iting -eight loss in spite of increased appetite

Exams and Tests


Gestational diabetes "ay not cause sy"pto"s. All pregnant o"en should recei#e an oral glucose tolerance test bet een the 2.th and 2/th eek of pregnancy to screen for the condition.

Treatment
0he goals of treat"ent are to keep blood sugar (glucose) le#els ithin nor"al li"its during the pregnancy( and to "ake sure that the fetus is healthy. -A01H+,G 2%&R BAB2

2our health care pro#ider should closely check both you and your fetus throughout the pregnancy. !etal "onitoring to check the si3e and health of the fetus often includes ultrasound and nonstress tests.

A nonstress test is a #ery si"ple( painless test for you and your baby. A "achine that hears and displays your baby4s heartbeat (electronic fetal "onitor) is placed on your abdo"en. -hen the baby "o#es( its heart rate nor"ally increases 55 6 27 beats abo#e its regular rate. 2our health care pro#ider can look at the pattern of your baby4s heartbeat co"pared to its "o#e"ents and find out hether the baby is doing ell. 0he health care pro#ider ill look for increases in the baby4s nor"al heart rate( occurring ithin a certain period of ti"e.

8+90 A,8 9:9R1+)9 ;anaging your diet can gi#e you the calories and nutrients you need for your pregnancy( control your blood sugar (glucose) le#els( and a#oid the need to take "edications. Regular e'ercise also can help keep your blood sugar under better control. 9ating a balanced diet is a key part of any pregnancy. 0he food you eat helps your baby gro and de#elop inside of you. Because e#ery pregnancy is different( your doctor and dietitian ill create a diet <ust for you.

0he best ay to i"pro#e your diet is by eating a #ariety of healthy foods. 2our doctor or nurse ill prescribe a daily prenatal #ita"in. 0hey "ay suggest that you take e'tra iron or calciu". 0alk to your doctor or nurse if you4re a #egetarian or are on so"e other special diet. Re"e"ber that =eating for t o= does not "ean you need to eat t ice as "any calories. 2ou usually need <ust >77 e'tra calories a day (such as a glass of "ilk( a banana( and 57 crackers).

!or details on hat you should eat( see: 8iabetes diet +f "anaging your diet does not control blood sugar (glucose) le#els( you "ay be prescribed diabetes "edicine by "outh or insulin therapy. 2ou ill need to "onitor your blood sugar (glucose) le#els during treat"ent.

Outlook (Prognosis)
?regnant o"en ith gestational diabetes tend to ha#e larger babies at birth. 0his can increase the chance of proble"s at the ti"e of deli#ery( including:

Birth in<ury (trau"a) because of the baby4s large si3e 8eli#ery by c6section

2our baby is "ore likely to ha#e periods of lo blood sugar (hypoglyce"ia) during the first fe days of life. ;others ith gestational diabetes ha#e an increased risk for high blood pressure during pregnancy. 0here is a slightly increased risk of the baby dying hen the "other has untreated gestational diabetes. 1ontrolling blood sugar le#els reduces this risk. High blood sugar (glucose) le#els often go back to nor"al after deli#ery. Ho e#er( o"en ith gestational diabetes should be atched closely after gi#ing birth and at regular doctor4s appoint"ents to screen for signs of diabetes. ;any o"en ith gestational diabetes de#elop diabetes ithin 5 6 57 years after deli#ery. 0he risk "ay be increased in obese o"en.

Possible Complications
8eli#ery6related co"plications due to the infant4s large si3e 8e#elop"ent of diabetes later in life +ncreased risk of ne born death

@o blood sugar (glucose) or illness in the ne born

When to Contact a

edical Pro!essional

1all your health care pro#ider if you are pregnant and you ha#e sy"pto"s of diabetes.

Pre"ention
Beginning prenatal care early and regular prenatal #isits helps i"pro#e the health of you and your baby. Ano ing the risk factors for gestational diabetes and ha#ing prenatal screening at 2. 6 2/ eeks into the pregnancy ill help detect gestational diabetes early.

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