EDUC 604

BARTON DVD NOTES Instructions: As you watch the Barton DVD, complete the Barton DVD Notes document. Provide at least 3 sentences for each section, except for the final section, which requires a complete, substantive paragraph. You will be required to submit the completed chart during Module/Week 4. The philosophy of the schoolroom in one generation will be the philosophy of government of the next. Abraham Lincoln EARLY AMERICAN EDUCATION Harvard University was established in 1636 to initially for train ministers. The university was named after John Harvard. The trainers were many of the founding fathers. The current motto is Veritas meaning truth. The mission was For the Christ and the church; For the glory of Christ. Know God and Jesus for eternal life. John 17:3. The students were required to read the scriptures two times daily to establish the foundation of learning. George Washington was given an honorary degree followed by twelve United States Presidents graduating from Harvard. Yale was founded in 1701. The current motto is Lux et veritas meaning light and truth. The original beliefs instilled in students, stated in Bartons DVD, were clearest knowledge of divine thing, knowledge of God through his son Jesus, to be religious and blameless and to attend to the duties of religion. There have been five United States Presidents graduating from Yale.

Harvard University

Yale University

Princeton University

Princeton University was established in 1746 by the Presbyterians to train ministers. The current motto is Dei sub numine viget meaning Under God's Power She Flourishes. John Witherspoon was the first President of Princeton. The students were required to attend AM and PM worship services as well as Sunday morning worship. The curriculum included religious exercise during classes. As stated in Bartons DVD; an enemy of God is an enemy of his country. The belief, stated in Bartons DVD was if citizens are corrupt than leaders will be corrupt. Mr. Witherspoon founded schools for woman and blacks. There have been two United States Presidents graduating from Princeton.

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EARLY EDUCATIONAL LAWS 1642 Old Deluder Satan Act 1642 Old Deluder Satan Act was the first public school law passed. Once a town had a population of fifty families, it was required to hire a schoolmaster to teach the children sound education based on Gods word as mentioned in the Barton DVD. As the first education law, its purpose was to prevent Satan from keeping the knowledge of the scriptures from the common person. When the towns population grew to one hundred families, a grammar school would be required to promote education at Harvard University. 1787 Northwest Ordinance The Ohio Company Associates assured that religion and education would be written into the 1787 Northwest Ordinance, thus, the first federal law to address education and religion. George Washington signed the 1787 Northwest Ordinance into law. Amendment three of the ordinance linked religion to the public schools in saying religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. There is much debate still surrounding the meaning of intent. In personal reflection, the word encouraged may aided to the argument, which ultimately removed religious beliefs from the school system. Ohio and other states made this same passage part of their state constitution, which remains today. EARLY EDUCATIONAL PIONEERS Benjamin Rush was a signer of Declaration of Independence. He had several accomplishments throughout his life. Among these were serving in three presidential administrations, founded five universities and schools for women. Mr. Rush was, possibly, the first to proposed public education. Benjamin Rush is recognized as the father of the public schools. He was quoted to say; if the bible is taken from the schools crime is raise and the laws of God are the soul of our government.

Benjamin Rush

Noah Webster

Noah Webster was a soldier during American Revolution, legislator, a judge, and helped devise the language of the Constitution. He was the founder of Amherst College. Mr. Webster authored many textbooks including the Webster Dictionary. He authored, 1783, the Elementary spelling book with the inside cover including Bible verses. Mr. Webster was given the title of schoolmaster to America. He stated Christianity was necessary to ensure success in forming the United States. Mr. Webster went on to state the nation must be formed on the percepts of the bible to succeed. Noah Webster believed the republic should be based on the Bibles principles.

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The New England Primer

The New England Primer was the first textbook to printed for schools in the United States in 1690. The Primer was reprinted by Samuel Adams for use in Massachusetts and Benjamin Franklin in Pennsylvania. The three core elements were the rhyming alphabet, alphabet lessons for youth and shorter catechism. The rhyming alphabet was based from the Bible, for example, In Adams fall we sinned all. The alphabet lessons for youth was based on Bible verses, for example, Except a man be born again, he cannot fee the kingdom of God. The shorter catechism the questions answered by the children. Question, for example, were What was the fifth commandment and what is the reason annexed to the fifth commandment? These questions were considered first grade level questions.

Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin supposedly was considered the least religious of the founding fathers. He was a signer of Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. Mr. Franklin founded a series of schools for the blacks for Christianity and academics. He founded the University of Pennsylvania for providing a foundation for Christianity in ones life as well as academics. Mr. Franklin believed there was a necessity for public religion.

Thomas Paine

Thomas Paine may have been less religious than Benjamin Franklin. Yet, he criticized the French school system for its secular teachings. Science was instructed as accomplishments made by individuals and left out the credit to God as the ultimate creator. Mr. Paine believed the students were may become a population of atheists. He was convinced schools should not be allowed to become solely secular in nature.

McGuffey Readers

FAMOUS AMERICAN TEXTBOOKS AND EDUCATORS William Holmes McGuffey wrote the McGuffey Readers in the 1830s and 1840s. The McGuffey Readers were the most popular readers and sold over 122 million copies in seventy-five years. Mr. McGuffey was named the schoolmaster of the Nation. Many of the stories in the readers are biblically based stories, for example, character of Jesus Christ. Mr. McGuffey believed he should have instilled additional biblical stories opposed to less.

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Emma Willard

Emma Willard is the first to pioneer education for women. She promoted education in the subjects of mathematics and science for women to learn. Ms. Willard produced textbooks with incorporated religious and moral lessons into the curriculum. The history book, which she wrote, started with Genesis and continued to World History.

Booker T. Washington

Booker T. Washington was one of the most influential for the education of blacks. He headed the Tuskegee Institute and started a Bible college. He believed everyone should study the Bible daily and lessons where a part of the curriculum at Tuskegee. The students were required to attend services where Mr. Washington gave the sermon.

Daniel Webster

Daniel Webster served in the Congress for three decades, Secretary of State for three Presidents, and argued and won several cases before the Supreme Court. One case example is the Philadelphia Public Schools restriction of ministers from entering the schools. This was the first attempt to remove religious aspects from the school curriculum in 1844. Mr. Webster ended his argument to the Supreme Court with Jesus saying to his disciples to bring the children unto him. The decision was unanimous in the support of religion being part of the education of children.

Martin Luther

MEASURING RESULTS OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES Martin Luther was one of the earliest components of education. He believed literacy would bring people out of the Dark Ages. Mr. Luther knew if the Biblical scriptures were not instructed and studied by the children then society would eventually become corrupt. This philosophy was evident in the structure of the United States education system for centuries

SAT Scores, Literacy Rates, Since 1962, SAT scores have gradually increased the failure rate of students. In international testing in Academic Achievement, etc. Mathematics and Science, the United States has finished at the bottom half of the scores, if not last. Once students have finished their elementary level studies, their scores begin a gradual decline. The United States has ranked recently 65th in literacy out of 200 nations, which includes third world nations.

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Proven Elements of a Sound Education:

1) Religion 2) Morality 3) Knowledge COMPARING INTERPRETATIONS OF HISTORY

Compare and contrast the perspectives of the Barton video and the Gutek textbook. How are they similar? How are they different? Which perspective do you think most accurately portrays this period of American education? Provide evidence for your statements. The founding fathers and other prominent individual believed if common people could read and know the word of God the government would not be able to misbehave as stated in the Barton DVD. The United States educational system was recognized and promoted in its early stages. Several countries came to see the system implemented which included religious instruction. These same individuals valued the school system to the extent of returning to their country to recreate the curriculum. There was a time if the legislators made a law against Gods word the citizens would not allow passage. The Connecticut Illiteracy Law required the Bible would be read as part of the religious and moral teachings to all students. Dallas ISDs had bible courses in schools until 1974 as credited courses for graduation. The church provided education but as the population grew the church surrendered education to the states. A Kansas superintendent stated that if religion was not part of the educational system then the church should be reinstated as the sole provider of instruction. In 1890, 90% of the universities had church services, 50% of those were mandatory, and 25% required church attendance. Religious beliefs were encouraged, for the major portion of the United States history, in the school curriculum. It would seem the problem begin arising with the Supreme decision of McCollum v. Board of Education in 1948. An atheist, Vashti McCollum, filed suit complaining for a variety of reasons why religion should be eliminated from the schools. She won solely based on the school funds contributed to the religious courses. In 1952, the Supreme Court made another decision, in Zorach v. Clauson, that religious courses were permissible in school curriculum as long as public tax funds were not contributed to the programs cost. In 1963, Abington v. Schempp, the Supreme Court ruled it was unconstitutional for the school to read from the Bible during school hours. As the founding fathers predicted crime would increase and literacy would decrease. Proverbs 1:7. the fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge has fallen to the wayside for secular influences instilled into the children of present day. For four centuries, the United States flourished by implementing and requiring God be part of our educational system. In the last fifty years, the raise of crime and the ranking decrease in international, national, state and local test scores can testify to the decline of the United States educational system. A nation founded on God - will fall without God. References: Moreland, J.P. (1997). Love your god with all your mind: The role of reason in the life of the soul. LOCATION: NavPress Publishing. Gutek, G. L. (1995). A history of western educational experience (2nd ed.) Long Grove, Il: Waveland Press. ISBN: 0881338184
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http://kevincraig.us/barton-education.htm

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