Eye pattern

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raphical eye pattern showing an e!ample of two power levels in an OO" modulation scheme. #onstant binary $ and % levels are shown, as well as transitions from % to $, $ to %, % to $ to %, and $ to % to $. &n telecommunication, an eye pattern, also known as an eye diagram, is an oscilloscope display in which a digital data signal from a receiver is repetitively sampled and applied to the vertical input, while the data rate is used to trigger the hori'ontal sweep. &t is so called because, for several types of coding, the pattern looks like a series of eyes between a pair of rails. &t is an e!perimental tool for the evaluation of the combined effects of channel noise and intersymbol interference on the performance of a baseband pulse(transmission system. &t is the synchronised superposition of all possible realisations of the signal of interest viewed within a particular signalling interval. )everal system performance measures can be derived by analy'ing the display. &f the signals are too long, too short, poorly synchroni'ed with the system clock, too high, too low, too noisy, or too slow to change, or have too much undershoot or overshoot, this can be observed from the eye diagram. *n open eye pattern corresponds to minimal signal distortion. +istortion of the signal waveform due to intersymbol interference and noise appears as closure of the eye pattern.,$-,.-,/-

Contents
$ 0!ample . 1easurements ..$ &nterpreting 1easurements / )ee also 2 Notes 3 4eferences

 5 0!ternal links

Example

6he eye diagram of a binary 7)" system

6he eye diagram of the same system with multipath interference effects added

0ye diagram of a 2 level 7*1 signal

Measurements
6here are many measurements that can be obtained from an 0ye +iagram:,2*mplitude 1easurements 0ye *mplitude 0ye #rossing *mplitude 0ye #rossing 7ercentage 0ye 8eight 0ye 9evel 0ye )N4 :uality Factor ;ertical 0ye Opening

6ime 1easurements +eterministic Jitter 0ye #rossing 6ime 0ye +elay 0ye Fall 6ime 0ye 4ise 6ime 0ye Width 8ori'ontal 0ye Opening 7eak(to(7eak Jitter 4andom Jitter 41) Jitter #4# Jitter

6otal Jitter

Interpreting Measurements
Eye-diagram feature 0ye opening <height, peak to peak= 0ye overshoot>undershoot 0ye width 0ye closure What it measures *dditive noise in the signal 7eak distortion due to interruptions in the signal path 6iming synchroni'ation ? @itter effects &ntersymbol interference, additive noise