Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

Prepared by Dr Phil Stephenson (November 2010)

Section A (Answer all 7 questions in this section. 60 marks in total)
1.

The functions f(x) and g(x) are given by

f(x) = x2 + 4x + 1 , g(x) = x2 x + 6.
Sketch the graphs of y = f(x) and y = g(x) for x > 0 on the same diagram, and determine
the positive value of x at which these two graphs intersect.

2.

Find the maximum value of the function

f(x) = (1 + x)ex/2

3.

Determine the integral

x
4.

x
dx
3 x 10

A firm is the only producer of two goods, X and Y. The demand equations for X and Y
are given by
x = 200 2pX , y = 100 pY
where x and y are the quantities (in tonnes) of X and Y demanded (respectively) and pX
and pY are (respectively) the prices of X and Y.
The firms joint total cost function (that is, the cost of producing x of X and y of Y) is
x2 + 2xy + y2 + 20.
Find an expression in terms of x and y for the profit function.
Determine the quantities x and y that maximise the profit.
Suppose now that the firm is required to produce twice as much of good Y as it does of
good X. Find the quantities x and y that maximise the profit in this case.

5.

Use the Lagrange multiplier method to find the values of x and y that maximise the
function f(x, y) = x y2 subject to the constraint x + y = 100.

6.

Express the following system of equations in matrix form, and solve it using a matrix
method.
2x + y z = 4
x + 3y z = 4
x + 5y + z = 8

7.

An arithmetic progression has fifth term equal to 4, and the sum of its first 13 terms is
65. Find the first term and common difference.

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Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

Section B (Answer any 2 questions in this section. 20 marks each)
8. (a) A firm has average variable cost
q2 + q +

eq
1

q
q

and fixed costs of 11. Find the total cost function and the marginal cost function.

8. (b) Determine the integrals

x 2 + 2 dx and

x e

2 x

dx

8. (c) The function f is given by

f(x, y) = 2

x2 y

Find the partial derivatives

f
f
and
.
y
x

9. (a) A monopolists average cost function is

9+

30
3
q+
q
10

where q is the quantity produced. The demand function for the good is
4
p
3
Find an expression for the profit in terms of q, and determine the value of q that
maximises the profit.

q = 40

9. (b) Find the critical point of the function

f(x, y) = ln(x2 2xy + 2y2 2y + 2)
and show that this critical point is a local minimum.

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Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

10. (a) Three goods are sold in the same market. If the prices are p1, p2, p3, then the demand
quantities q1D, q2D, q3D and the supply quantities q1S, q2S, q3S and given by the following
equations.
q1D = 45 2p1 + 2p2 2p3
q1S = 2p1 5
q2D = 16 + 2p1 p2 + 2p3
q2S = 2p2 4
q3D = 30 p1 + 2p2 p3
q3S = p3 5
The equilibrium prices are the non-negative numbers p1*, p2*, p3* with the property
that when the prices are p1 = p1*, p2 = p2* and p3 = p3*, then the supply and demand
quantities for each good are equal.
Using matrix methods, find expressions for p1*, p2*, p3*.
10. (b) A firm has marginal cost function 1 + q. Determine by how much its total cost function
is increased if its production is raised from 2 to 4 units.
11. (a) A firm has production function given by
q(k, l) = 10(3l1/4 + k1/4) 4,
where k and l denote, respectively, capital and labour. Each unit of capital costs $1 and
each unit of labour costs $3. Determine the values of k and l that maximise the
production and which together cost the firm no more than $80.
11. (b) A warehouse initially contains 100 tonnes of grain. During each year, mice eat 5% of
the amount of grain that was in the warehouse at the start of the year, and 3 new tonnes
of grain are added to the warehouse. Find a formula, in terms of N and in as simple a
form as possible, for the amount of grain (in tonnes) in the warehouse after N years.
What happens to the amount of grain in the long run?

END OF PAPER

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Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

Solutions
1.

f(x) = x2 + 4x + 1
x=

b
2a

4
2

= 2, and f(2) = 4 8 + 1 = 3

Quadratic with a > 0 minimum point for f at (2, 3)

g(x) = x2 x + 6
x=

b
2a

1
2

= , and g( ) =

1
2

+6=

25
4
1

25

Quadratic with a < 0 maximum point for g at ( ,

f(x) = g(x) x2 + 4x + 1 = x2 x + 6
2x2 + 5x 5 = 0
x=

5 25 + 40
5 65
=
4
4

Hence, the positive value of x at which the two graphs intersect is

5 + 65
4

This value is between 0.75 and 1.

g(x) = 0 x2 + x 6 = 0 (x + 3)(x 2) = 0 x = 3 or x = 2
y
y = f(x)
6

1
0

5 + 65
4

x
y = g(x)

******************************************************************

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Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

2.

1 x/2

1 x/2

f(x) = (1 + x)ex/2 f (x) = ex/2 + (1 + x)ex/2( ) =

f (x) = 0 when 1 x = 0 x = 1

(2 1 x) =

(1 x)

You must use the 2nd Derivative Test

f(1) = 2e1/2
1

1 x/2

f (x) = ex/2(1 x)

f (1) = e1/2 < 0 x = 1 maximises f

2

Hence, the maximum value of f(x) is 2e1/2

******************************************************************
3.

x
dx =
3 x 10

(5 / 7)

( x 5)( x + 2)dx = x 5 +
=

5
7

(2 / 7)
dx
x+2

lnx 5 +

2
7

, using cover-up rule

lnx + 2 + C

******************************************************************
4.

= TR TC
= pXx + pYy TC
= (100 0.5x)x + (100 y)y (x2 + 2xy + y2 + 20)
= 100x 0.5x2 + 100y y2 x2 2xy y2 20
= 100x 1.5x2 + 100y 2y2 2xy 20
Critical points occur when

= 0 and
=0
y
x

= 0 100 3x 2y = 0 3x + 2y = 100 . (1)

x

= 0 100 4y 2x = 0 x + 2y = 50 . (2)
y
(1) (2): 2x = 50 x = 25
From (2), 25 + 2y = 50 2y = 25 y = 12.5
Hence, there is one critical point, at (x, y) = (25, 12.5)

2
2
2
2
=
4,
=
2

=
3,
< 0 . (3)
y 2
xy
x 2
x 2
2

2 2 2
2 2
= (3)(4) (2)2 = 8 > 0 .. (4)
x y xy
Hence, from (3) and (4), is maximised when x = 25 and y = 12.5
Page 5 of 15

Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

Now, we consider the case with the constraint that y = 2x, i.e. 2x y = 0
Lagrangean: L = 100x 1.5x2 + 100y 2y2 2xy 20 (2x y)
The 3 equations to solve are
L
= 0 100 3x 2y 2 = 0 100 3x 2y = 2 (1)
x

L
= 0 100 4y 2x + = 0 4x + 8y 200 = 2 ..................................... (2)
y
L
= 0 y = 2x .. (3)

From (1) and (2), 100 3x 2y = 4x + 8y 200 7x + 10y = 300 . (4)

Put (3) into (4): 7x + 20x = 300 27x = 300 x =
Hence, the constrained profit is maximised when x =

300
27
300
27

y=
and y =

600
27
600
27

[Alternatively, use the substitution method with = 300x 13.5x2 20]

******************************************************************
5.

Lagrangean: L = x1/2y2 (x + y 100)

The 3 equations to solve are
L
=0
x

1 1/2 2
2

y = 0 x1/2y2 = 2 . (1)

L
= 0 2x1/2y = 0 4x1/2y = 2 .
y

(2)

L
= 0 x + y = 100 .. (3)

The earlier version of (1) is only defined if x > 0, so we can conclude that x > 0.
If y = 0 then x = 100 and x1/2y2 = 0
If y 0 then from (1) and (2), x1/2y2 = 4x1/2y y = 4x (4)
Put (4) into (3): x + 4x = 100 5x = 100 x = 20 y = 80 x1/2y2 > 0
Hence, the constrained f is maximised when x = 20 and y = 80
******************************************************************

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Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

6.

2x + y z = 4
x + 3y z = 4
x + 5y + z = 8

2 1 1 x 4

1 3 1 y = 4
1 5 1 z 8

In matrix form, Ax = b

Method 1:

[Ab] =

R1 R2

2R2 R1

R3 R2

R1 + R3

5 1

R2 2R3

R3 2

1 5 4

1 5 4

R3 6

R1 2R3

1 5 4

R2 + 5R3

1 2

R3 R2

Hence, x = 2, y = 1, z = 1

Page 7 of 15

Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

Method 2:

3 1

3 1
A =

= 2

1
5 1

1
1

, expanding 1st row

1
= 2(3 + 5) (1 + 1) (5 3)
= 16 2 2
= 12

3 1

3 1
A1 =

= 4

1
5

1
8

, expanding 1st row

1
= 4(3 + 5) (4 + 8) (20 24)
= 32 12 + 4
= 24

1
4 1

A2 =

= 2

4
8

1
1

, expanding 1st row

1
= 2(4 + 8) 4(1 + 1) (8 4)
= 24 8 4
= 12

4
3

A3 =

= 2

1
5

4
8

+4
1

, expanding 1st row

8
= 2(24 20) (8 4) + 4(5 3)
=84+8
= 12

By Cramers rule, x =

A1
A

24
12

= 2, y =

A2
A

12
12

= 1, z =

A3
A

12
12

=1

Hence, x = 2, y = 1, z = 1
*************************************************************

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Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

7.

The terms in an AP are a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d, ... , so a + 4d = 4

Sn =

n
2

[2a + (n 1)d] and S13 = 65 6.5[2a + 12d] = 65 2a + 12d = 10

Hence, a + 4d = 4 (1)
a + 6d = 5 (2)
(2) (1): 2d = 1 d = 0.5
From (1), a = 4 4d = 4 2 = 2
The first term is 2 and the common difference is 0.5
*************************************************************
8. (a) AVC = q2 + q +

eq
1

q
q

VC = q AVC = q3 + q2 + eq 1
TC = VC + FC = q3 + q2 + eq 1 + 11
Total cost is TC = q3 + q2 + eq + 10
Marginal cost is MC = TC = 3q2 + 2q + eq
du
= 2x xdx =
dx

8. (b) Let u = x2 + 2 (so that x2 = u 2)

x 2 + 2 dx =

u
2

1/ 2

(u 2)du =

(u
2

1
2

3/ 2

1
2

du x3dx =

1
2

(u 2)du

2u1/ 2 ) du

2u 5 / 2 4u 3 / 2

+ C

5
3

( x 2 + 2) 5 / 2
2( x 2 + 2) 3 / 2

+C
=
5
3

Let f(x) = x2

g (x) = ex

f (x) = 2x

g(x) = ex

x e

2 x

dx = x2ex + 2 xe x dx

g (x) = ex

f (x) = 1

g(x) = ex

2 x

fg f g

, by Parts

Let f(x) = x

x e

fg =

dx = x2ex + 2[xex + e x dx ] = x2ex 2xex 2ex + C

Page 9 of 15

, by Parts

Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

8. (c) Method 1 (take logs of both sides):
f= 2

x2 y
x2 y

ln(f) = ln( 2

ln(f) = x2y(ln 2)

ln(f) = (ln 2)x2

y

1 f
= (ln 2)x2
f y

f
f
x2 y
= f(ln 2)x2
= (ln 2)x2 2
y
y

ln(f) = x2y(ln 2)

1 f

f
x2 y
= (ln 2)2xy
ln(f) = (ln 2)2xy
= (ln 2)2xy 2
f x
x
x

Method 2 (use exponential function):

f= 2

x2 y

=e

2
ln(2 x y )

=e

x2 y (ln 2)

f
x2 y (ln 2) 2
x2 y
=e
[x y(ln 2)] = (ln 2)x2 2
y
y

f
x2 y (ln 2) 2
x2 y
=e
[x y(ln 2)] = (ln 2)2xy 2
x
x

*************************************************************
9. (a) q = 40

4
p p = 30
3

TR = pq = q(30
AC =

3
4

3
4

q) = 30q

3 2
4

TC
30
3
TC = q AC = q(9 +
) = 9q +
q+
q
q
10

= TR TC = 30q
Profit: =

=
=

21
10
21
10

3 2
4

q 9q

3
10

q2 30 =

21 2
20

q + 21q 30

q + 21 = 0

21
10

q = 21 q = 10

< 0 Profit is maximised when q = 10

Page 10 of 15

10

q2 + 30

q + 21q 30

21 2
20

Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

9. (b) f = ln(x2 2xy + 2y2 2y + 2)
2x 2 y
f
= 2
x
x 2 xy + 2 y 2 2 y + 2

f
2x + 4 y 2
= 2
y
x 2 xy + 2 y 2 2 y + 2
f
= 0 2x 2y = 0 x = y .. (1)
x

f
= 0 2x + 4y 2 = 0 x + 2y = 1 (2)
y
Put (1) into (2): x + 2x = 1 x = 1
Put x = 1 into (1): y = 1
Critical points occur when

f
f
= 0 and
=0
y
x

Therefore, the critical point is (1, 1)

2 f
2( x 2 2 xy + 2 y 2 2 y + 2) (2 x 2 y )(2 x 2 y )
=
x 2
( x 2 2 xy + 2 y 2 2 y + 2) 2

2 f
4( x 2 2 xy + 2 y 2 2 y + 2) (2 x + 4 y 2)(2 x + 4 y 2)
=
y 2
( x 2 2 xy + 2 y 2 2 y + 2) 2

2 f
2( x 2 2 xy + 2 y 2 2 y + 2) (2 x 2 y )(2 x + 4 y 2)
=
xy
( x 2 2 xy + 2 y 2 2 y + 2) 2

(x, y)

2 f
x 2

2 f
y 2

2 f
xy

(1, 1)

2 f
H = 2
x

2 f
2
y

2 f

xy

84=4

f has a minimum turning point at (1, 1) since H > 0 and

2 f
> 0.
x 2

***************************************************************

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Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

q1D = 45 2p1 + 2p2 2p3
q1S = 2p1 5

10. (a)

q2D = 16 + 2p1 p2 + 2p3

q2S = 2p2 4
q3D = 30 p1 + 2p2 p3
q3S = p3 5
At equilibrium, q1D = q1S, q2D = q2S and q3D = q3S.
Hence,

45 2p1 + 2p2 2p3 = 2p1 5

16 + 2p1 p2 + 2p3 = 2p2 4
30 p1 + 2p2 p3 = p3 5

Hence,

4p1 2p2 + 2p3 = 50

2p1 3p2 + 2p3 = 20
p1 2p2 + 2p3 = 35
4 2 2 p1 50

2 3 2 p2 = 20 In matrix form, Ax = b
1 2 2 p 35
3

Method 1:

4 2 2
[Ab] =

R1 4R3

0 6 6 90

2 3 2 20 R2 2R3

0 1 2 90

1 2 2

50
35

R1 R2

1 2

35

0 0

75

R1 6
R3 + 2R2

1 1 15

1 2 90

0 2 145

1 0 2 145 R3 + 2R1

75

60 R1 R3

60

75

0 1 2 90

Hence, the equilibrium prices are p1* = 5, p2* = 60 and p3* = 75

Page 12 of 15

R2 + 2R1

Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

Method 2:

4 2

2 3

1 2

3
A =

= 4

+2
2

2 3
+2

, expanding 1st row

1 2

= 4(6 + 4) + 2(4 2) + 2(4 + 3)

= 8 + 4 2
= 6
50 2

2
3 2

A1 = 20 3
35 2

2 = 50

20

+2
2 2

20 3
+2

35

, expanding 1st row

35 2

2
= 50(6 + 4) + 2(40 70) + 2(40 + 105)
= 100 220 + 290
= 30

4 50

2
20

A2 =

2 20

2 = 4

50
35

1 35

2
2

2 20
+2

, expanding 1st row

1 35

2
= 4(40 70) 50(4 2) + 2(70 + 20)
= 440 100 + 180
= 360

4 2 50
3 20
A3 =

2 3 20 = 4

20

+2
2

35

2 3
+ 50

35

, expanding 1st row

1 2

1 2 35
= 4(105 40) + 2(70 + 20) + 50(4 + 3)
= 580 + 180 50
= 450
By Cramers rule, p1 =

A1
A
A
30
360
450
=
= 5, p2 = 2 =
= 60, p3 = 3 =
= 75
A
6
A
6
A
6

Hence, p1* = 5, p2* = 60 and p3* = 75

*************************************************************

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Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

1

10. (b) (1 + q)dq = q + q 2

2
2

= (4 + 8) (2 + 2) = 12 4 = 8
2

Hence, the extra cost is 8

**************************************************************
11. (a) Lagrangean: F = 10(3L1/4 + K1/4) 4 (K + 3L 80), so K, L > 0
The 3 equations to solve are
F
1
= 0 40[3L1/4 + K1/4] 5( K5/4) = 0
K
4

10K5/4[3L1/4 + K1/4] 5 = (1)

F
3
= 0 40[3L1/4 + K1/4] 5( L5/4) 3 = 0
4
L

10L5/4[3L1/4 + K1/4] 5 = (2)

F
= 0 K + 3L = 80 . (3)

From (1) and (2), 10K5/4[3L1/4 + K1/4] 5 = 10L5/4[3L1/4 + K1/4] 5

So, 10K5/4 = 10L5/4 since 3L1/4 + K1/4 > 0
So, K5/4 = L5/4
So, K = L (since K, L > 0) (4)
Put (4) into (3): K + 3K = 80 4K = 80 K = 20
From (4), L = 20
Constrained maximum of q occurs when K = 20 and L = 20

Page 14 of 15

Mathematics 1 : 2004 Zone B Exam

11. (b)
Year
1
2
3
4

Balance at beginning of year

100
0.95(100) + 3
(0.95)2100 + (0.95)3 + 3
(0.95)3100 + (0.95)23 + (0.95)3 + 3

Balance at end of year

0.95(100) + 3
(0.95)2100 + (0.95)3 + 3
(0.95)3100 + (0.95)23 + (0.95)3 + 3

In general, the balance after N years is

(0.95)N100 + [3 + (0.95)3 + (0.95)23 + + (0.95)N 13]
= (0.95)N100 +

3[1 (0.95) N ]
1 0.95

geometric series, Sn =

a (1 r n )
1 r

= (0.95)N100 + 60[1 (0.95)N]

= 40(0.95)N + 60
0 < 0.95 < 1, so (0.95)N 0 as N , so yN 60 as N .
So, the amount of grain will tend to 60 tonnes in the long run.
****************************************************************

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