Gunnar Asplund

ABB Power Systems HVDC Ludvika, Sweden

High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power transmission DESERTEC Hannover 2008-04-23

Grid Systems / HVDC - 1

abb.com/hvdc

HVAC versus HVDC transmission on OH- lines

Required number of lines in parallel to transmit 7000 MW

400 kV ac 800 kV ac 500 kV dc 800 kV dc

Power Systems DC - 2 -

HVAC versus HVDC cables

1500

Power in MW

1000

500

100

200 300 Distance in km

400

500

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Three 400 kV ac cables Two 320 kV dc cables

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HVDC projects

HVDC and HVDC Light

HVDC use thyristors The thyristor can be switched on with a control signal. It can not be switched off HVDC Light use IGBT:s (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) The IGBT can be switched on and off with a control signal.

U I I

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HVDC and HVDC Light

Classic HVDC

HVDC Light

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HVDC and HVDC Light

Udc in kV 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 0 HVDC Light with OH line
HVDC Classic/Light with oil impregnated cable

HVDC Classic with OH Line

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HVDC Light with extruded cable

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Power in MW

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Classic HVDC

Longquan- Three Gorges- 3000 MW

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Valve hall in Zhengping, Three Gorges - Changzhou

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Long term test circuit for 800 kV HVDC

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Testing for valve hall clearances

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800 kV HVDC station

Xiangjiaba - Shanghai
Xiangjiaba

Shanghai

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Main data Commissioning year: Pole 1: Bipole: Power rating: No. of poles: AC voltage: DC voltage: Length of overhead DC line: Main reason for choosing HVDC:

2010 2011 6 400 MW 2 525 kV 800 kV 2 071 km Long distance

Remote hydro power resources

300 GW 50 GW

120 GW

50 GW

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Totally about 500 GW Transmission 2000 3000 km

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HVDC Light

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IGBT valves

Murraylink - HVDC Light

Rating: 200 MW Distance: 180 km Ud = +/- 150 kV DC Power Cables In operation 2002

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Murraylink got environmental awards in Australia !

Estlink, Nordic Energy Link AS

Turnkey 350 MW 150 kV HVDC Light cable transmission system Access to the Nordpool power market 19 months implementation time

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Southwestern Link, Sweden- Norway

Customers need

Improved security of the electricity supply in South Sweden and Western Norway Distance 350 +200 km

Customers benefits with HVDC

Shorter project time due to easier permitting ( 2 3 years ) Increased power transfer in existing a.c. lines

Project status Decision of technology taken Jan 2008

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Relative cost of transmission

Underground A.c. cable

Overhead line

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Relative cost of transmission

Underground A.c. cable Underground HVDC Light Overhead line

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HVDC Light an alternative for transmission ?

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Floating cable ashore

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Development

HVDC Light cable development

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Power capability with higher stress of the dielectric

Power in a pair of cables with a diameter of 100 mm

4000 3500 3000 Power in MW 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 300 450 600 750 Direct voltage i kV 900 1050 1200

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HVDC Light Bipolar

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Udc1 160 300 640

Bipolar Udc2 160 300 640

kV kV kV

Power in MW (BtB) 617 1233 1850 A dc A dc A dc 197 395 592 370 740 1110 789 1579 2368 Cables or OH line OH line

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Solar

Part of Sahara needed

Area needed to produce all European electricity 18 000 km2

Surface of Sahara 9 million km2

Area needed for all world energy 650000 km2

Area used for all agriculture

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Storage of power: pumped hydro

4 TWh pumped hydro (Europe's consumption during the night 1000 m height difference 1.5 billion cubic meters (12 x 2.5 km x 50 m deep)

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Storage of power in dams

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Europe 20XX Scenario

Hydro 200 GW

99LFC0825

Hydro power Solar power Wind power DC transmission

Wind 300 GW 25 000 km sq 5000 x 10 km

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Solar 700 GW 8000 km sq 90 x 90 km

Cables (Solar) 140 pairs of 5 GW and 3000 km each

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The world by night

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Energy from deserts

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