a1216_1.pdf JWA73.pdf JWA73.

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2009 OSA/OFC/NFOEC 2009

Using Downstream DPSK Signal for Upstream OOK Signal Remodulation with RSOA in Hybrid WDM-TDM Passive Optical Networks
Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan E-mail: shoutclose@gmail.com 2 Information and Communications Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan 3 Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li 320-03, Taiwan ROC
1

C. H. Wang1, F. Y. Shih1, C. W. Chow1, C. H. Yeh2, and S. Chi1,3

Abstract: We propose a signal remodulation of DPSK downstream and OOK upstream signals using RSOA at the customer side for the hybrid WDM-TDM PONs. Error-free operation was achieved in a 20-km-reach WDM-TDM PONs without dispersion compensation.
2009 Optical Society of America
OCIS codes: (060.2330) Fiber optics communications, (060.4510) Optical communications

1. Introduction With the fast-growing demand for access network bandwidth, it is necessary to provide broadband services more cost-effectively. However, it is widely predicted that the present time-division multiplexed (TDM) based passive optical networks (PONs) may not be enough to meet the bandwidth needed in the future. Wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) PONs [1] or even hybrid WDM-TDM PONs [2] are thus being considered as the key solutions of the next generation PONs. For the WDM or WDM-TDM PON architecture, using centralized light sources at the head-end office is emerging as a cost-effective deployment. Using the downstream signal remodulation to produce the upstream signal can further reduce the cost due to wavelength reuse [1, 3-6]. Recently, a signal remodulation scheme using injection locked Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) was proposed [3]. However, the light injected into the FP-LD inside the optical networking unit (ONU) needed relatively high power to achieve injection locking and it also sacrificed the extinction ratio (ER) of the downstream signal for the integrity of the upstream signal. Downstream signal using differential phase shift keying (DPSK) was then proposed [4] to solve the ER limitation problem, however, injection locking using DPSK signal suffered from amplitude fluctuations due to the phase-to-intensity conversion in the upstream signal. Recently, a WDM-PON using DPSK downstream and OOK upstream has been proposed [6], however the downstream signal was demodulated by a narrowband arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) before launching into the reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) and this produced a relatively high power penalty in the upstream signal. Here, we propose and demonstrate a signal remodulation scheme of downstream DPSK and upstream OOK using RSOA. RSOA is generally considered as a potential low-cost and relatively high data rate device for ONU in the next generation colorless PONs. And recently, 10 Gb/s RSOA has been implemented [7]. The phase-to-intensity and polarization tracking issues can be mitigated in the proposed scheme. Different operation conditions of the RSOA are also studied. Furthermore, split-ratio analysis of the hybrid architecture is also performed, showing its potential capability to be deployed in future hybrid WDM-TDM PONs. 2. Experimental Setup
10km SMF CW PM Isolator Data 10km SMF 10km SMF DI

ONU
Rx

Rx
VOA PIN EDFA

Data AWG Fig. 1. Architecture of the WDM-TDM PON using DPSK downstream and OOK upstream signals. PM: phase modulator, SMF: single mode fiber, VOA: variable optical attenuator, AWG: arrayed waveguide grating, DI: delayed interferometer, EDFA: erbium-doped fiber amplifier, Inset: optical pre-amplified receiver (Rx)

Head-end

Rx

RSOA

Fig. 1 shows the architecture of the proposed WDM-TDM PON using DPSK downstream and OOK upstream signals. A continuous wave (CW) at 1548 nm was encoded by DPSK data via a phase modulator (PM) at 10 Gb/s

978-1-55752-865-0/09/$25.00 2009 IEEE

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2009 OSA/OFC/NFOEC 2009

pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) 231-1. The downstream signal was transmitted through a 10 km feeder single mode fiber (SMF) via a pair of AWG (Gaussian shaped, 3-dB width of 50 GHz) and 10 km of distribution/drop fiber. No dispersion compensation was used in the experiment. Dual-feeder fiber architecture [8] was used to mitigate Rayleigh backscattering at the head-end receiver (Rx) in the network. This architecture can also provide the advantages of using single distribution/drop fiber to the customers. At the ONU, 10% of optical power was taped and received by an optically pre-amplified Rx. The constant intensity downstream DPSK signal was demodulated by a 1-bit delayed interferometer (DI). The Rx consisted of a variable optical attenuator (VOA), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), and a 10 Gb/s p-i-n photodiode (PD), as shown in the inset of Fig. 1. The rest of the downstream optical signal was then launched into the RSOA which was applied by a 2.5 Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) data at PRBS 231-1, for signal remodulation. The generated upstream signal then reflected towards the head-end Rx via the same distribution/drop fiber and the lower path of the feeder fiber. 3. Results and discussion Fig. 2 shows the bit-error rate (BER) measurements of the downstream and upstream signals at back-to-back and after 20 km transmission without dispersion compensation. The corresponding eye diagrams are shown in the insets. Error free operations are observed in each case with clear open eyes. We measured about 1.5 dB power penalty in the downstream DPSK signal. We observed negligible power penalty in the upstream OOK signal after the 20 km transmission. Less than 1 dB power penalty was observed if the downstream CW was used instead of the DPSK signal when launching into the RSOA to generate the upstream OOK signal.
Rx sensitivity (dBm)

1e-3 1e-4 1e-5

(a) (b)

-21 -24 -27 -30 -33 -36 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4

(a)

BER (log)

1e-6
(c) (d)

Rx sensitivity (dBm)

1e-7 1e-8 1e-9 1e-10 -40 -38 -36 -34 -32 -30 -28 -26 -24 -22 -20
DPSK (b2b) DPSK (downstream 20km) OOK (b2b with CW light) OOK (b2b with DPSK data) OOK (upstream 20km)

Input power (dBm)

-26 -28 -30 -32 -34 50 60 70 80 90 100

(b)

Received power (dBm) Fig. 2. BER measurements of the WDM-TDM PON. Insets: eye diagrams of (a) demodulated DPSK at back-to-back, (b) DPSK after 20 km transmission, (c) OOK at back-to-back, (d) OOK after 20 km transmission.

DC bias (mA)

Fig. 3. Rx sensitivities of the upstream remodulated OOK signal (a) under different injected powers when the RSOA was dc biased at 95 mA, (b) under different dc biases, when the input downstream signal to the RSOA is at ~ 0 dBm.

We also studied the different operation conditions of the RSOA in this network architecture. Fig. 3(a) shows the Rx sensitivities of the upstream OOK signal under different launched powers when the RSOA was dc biased at 95 mA. We can observe that the Rx sensitivity is minimum, and starts to saturate at launched power > -2 dBm. We can achieve Rx sensitivity of -23 dBm when the input power to the RSOA is about -10 dBm. Fig. 3(b) shows the Rx sensitivities of the upstream OOK signal under different dc biases, when the input downstream signal to the RSOA is at ~ 0 dBm. We can also see that the optimum dc driving current to the RSOA is 85 mA. One advantage of this remodulation scheme is that it is insensitive to the polarization of the input downstream DPSK signals. We observed that the input polarization dependence was less than 1 dB, which was due to the polarization dependent gain of the RSOA used in the experiment. Another advantage of this scheme is that the synchronization between the downstream and upstream signals is not required. This is different from other previously proposed remodulation scheme [5], in which the downstream signal should be synchronized in order to generate the upstream signal. Fig. 4 shows the measured Rx sensitivity of the upstream OOK signal under different delays of the downstream DPSK signal when the RSOA was dc based at 95 mA and the input optical power was about 0 dBm. Longer reach and higher split-ratio hybrid WDM-TDM PON is desirable in order to lower the cost per costumer for provide broadband services. Previous studies show that DPSK signal is more tolerance to stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) than conventional OOK signal [5], and the average input power from the head-end can be as high as 15 dBm in the carrier distributed network. The OOK upstream signal power of 3 dBm was measured at the output of the RSOA. By considering the Rxs are pre-amplified, no additional amplification is applied in Fig. 1, insertion loss of AWG is 4 dB, fiber loss is 0.2 dB/km, the splicing loss per connection is 0.1 dB, and the input power to the

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2009 OSA/OFC/NFOEC 2009

first AWG just after the PM is 15 dBm, we can calculate that 16 ONUs (splitting loss of 12 dB) can be supported in the proposed WDM-TDM architecture. In this case, the input power to each ONU is about -9.8 dBm, and the upstream power prior to the head-end Rx is about -22 dBm. Higher split-ratio could be achieved if additional optical amplification stages can be included in the transmission paths.

-4 0 -3 8 -3 6 -3 4 -3 2 -3 0 -2 8 -6 0 -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40

Rx sensitivity (dBm)

(a)

T im e d e la y (p s )

100ps

(b)

Fig. 4. Rx sensitivities of the upstream remodulated OOK signal at different delays of the downstream DPSK signals.

Fig. 5. Time traces at the output of the (a) RSOA and (b) FP-LD after being injected with the downstream DPSK signal. In both cases, the electrical data were disconnected.

As mentioned in the introduction, the remodulation of downstream DPSK to upstream OOK signal will produce phase-to-intensity signal fluctuation. Here, we also studied this effect by replacing the RSOA inside the ONU with a FP-LD. The FP-LD is commercially available with temperature control. Its threshold current is about 10 mA, and it was dc biased at 30 mA. Fig. 5(a) and (b) show the time traces at the output of the RSOA and FP-LD, respectively after being injected with the downstream DPSK signal. In both cases, the electrical 2.5 Gb/s NRZ data applied to the RSOA or FP-LD was disconnected for proper displaying the time traces. We can see clearly that high amplitude fluctuation in the FP-LD case if neither reduction of phase modulation depth nor polarization offset [4] was used. Although people could use an electric low pass filter (~ 2.5 GHz in this case) after the upstream Rx to reduce the amplitude fluctuation by filtering off the 10 GHz high frequency components presented in the upstream signal, this method can only be effective when the data rate of the upstream is low enough when compared with the downstream. 4. Conclusion We proposed and demonstrated a novel signal remodulation scheme for hybrid WDM-TDM PON using 10 Gb/s DPSK in downstream and 2.5 Gb/s OOK in upstream with a RSOA at the ONU. The phase-to-intensity and polarization tracking issues in previous schemes can be mitigated by the proposed scheme. A 20km-reach hybrid PON without dispersion compensation was demonstrated, showing 1.5 dB power penalties in the downstream and negligible penalty in the upstream. The Rx sensitivity is minimum, and starts to saturate when input power is -2 dBm. We also observed that the optimum dc driving current to the RSOA is more than 85 mA. 16 ONUs could be supported in this proposed architecture. This remodulation scheme is also insensitive to the polarizations and delays of the input downstream signals. Comparison of using RSOA and FP-LD based ONU were performed, showing the proposed remodulation scheme could be one of the promising candidates for hybrid WDM-TDM PONs. 5. References
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] J. Yu, M. F. Huang, D. Qian, L. Chen, G. K. Chang, Centralized lightwave WDM-PON employing 16-QAM intensity modulated OFDM downstream and OOK modulated upstream signals, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1545-1547, 2008. G. Talli, P. D. Townsend, Hybrid DWDM-TDM long-reach PON for next-generation optical access, J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 24, pp. 2827-2834, 2006. L. Y. Chan, C. K. Chan, D. T. K. Tong, F. Tong, and L. K. Chen, Upstream traffic transmitter using injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode as modulaotr for WDM access networks, Electron. Lett., vol. 38, pp. 43-45, 2002. W. Hung, C. K. Chan, L. K. Chen, and F. Tong, An optical network unit for WDM access networks with downstream DPSK and upstream remodulated OOK data using injection-locked FP laser, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 1476-1478, 2003. C. W. Chow, Wavelength remodulation using DPSK down-and-upstream with high extinction ratio for 10-Gb/s DWDM-passive optical networks, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 12-14, 2008. N. Calabretta, M. Presi, R. Proietti, G. Contestabile, and E. Ciaramella, A bidirectional WDM/TDM-PON using DPSK downstream signals and a narrowband AWG, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 1227-1229, 2007. K. Y. Cho, Y. Takushima, and Y. C. Chung, 10-Gb/s operation of RSOA for WDM PON, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1533-1535, 2008. G. Talli, C. W. Chow, E. K. MacHale, and P. D. Townsend, Long Reach Hybrid DWDM-TDM PON with High Split Ratio Employing Centralized Light Source, J. Optical Networking, vol. 6, pp. 765-776, 2007.