STM?

ethernet cable specification

ethernet cable specification What Intelligent Network (IN)? IN is used for Pre-paid subscribers in order to maintain real time charging. In the cellular network, it provides and monitors the different value added services for prepaid subs, configure the charging principle, real time charging for subscribers and etc. while billing server is used for post paid subscribers. Capacity and Coverage Planning? Capacity planning: Capacity is required for expanding the existing network capacity while coverage is not big concern for operators. In this process, RF planners plan TRX expansion plan for different cells of the areas according to the subscribers attachment and erlang generated by these subscribers. While coverage planning is required to extend the coverage of network by including new base stations. In this case, it is also required Frequency Planning. What are codecs used in GPRS? CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4 What are codecs used in EDGE? MCS1, MCS2, MCS3, MCS4, MCS5, MCS6, MCS7, MCS8, MCS9 What is EGPRS? What is the difference between EDGE and EGPRS? Why EGPRS is preferred than EDGE. EGPRS: Enhanced General Packet Radio Services Difference in Codec scheme used in EGPRS; In EGRPS, the combination of GRPS and EDGE codecs are used as follow EGPRS (9 Codecs)=GPRS (first 4 codecs)+EDGE(last 5 codecs); hence the codecs are.. CS1CS4, MCS5-MCS9. EGPRS is used in the network to cater data services for both GPRS and EDGE enabled services. If network is upgrade to EDGE only, then the handset, which only support GRPS, can not access EDGE. To resolve the matter, EGRPS is used. SGSN & GGSN?

Both are core network equipment which are used for data services. These data nodes uses packet switching technology. (In architecture its position can be illustrated) What do you mean by Erlang, Mean Holding Time (MHT), and Busy Hour Call Attempt (BHCA)? Define relation between them.

Erlang: Find definition in text book MHT: : Find definition in text book Busy Hour Call Attempt:: Find definition in text book
The relationship: BHCA=(Erlang*3600)/MHT

What are logical channel used in GSM?

Difference between GSM & UMTS? Define elaboration, data speed (uplink and downlink), modulation for GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, WiMax, LTE

What are PDH, SDH and SONET?

What is E1? Data rate of E1 E1 combines 32 DS-0 (64kbps) channel Hence the speed=2048kbps or 2.048 Mbps What is STM-1?Data rate of STM-1 The STM-1 frame is the basic transmission format for SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy). A STM-1 frame has a byte-oriented structure with 9 rows and 270 columns of bytes, for a total of 2,430 bytes (9 rows * 270 columns = 2430 bytes). Each byte corresponds to a 64kbit/s channel. Frame characteristics The STM-1 base frame is structured with the following characteristics: Length: 270 column x 9 row = 2430 bytes Duration (Frame repetition time): 125 s i.e. 8000 frame/s Rate (Frame capacity): 2430 x 8 x 8000 = 155.520 Mbit/s Payload = 2349bytes x 8bits x 8000frames/sec = 150.336 Mbit/s What is STM-4? Data rate of STM-4

The basic STM-4 carrier frame consists of eight overheads, four pointers and a space for the payload. The overheads are the regeneration section overhead (RSOH), associated with the regenerators, and the multiplex section overhead (MSOH), associated with the multiplexers. STM-4 = 622.080 Mbit/s

STM-16 = 2,488.320 Mbit/s (~2.5 Gbps) STM-64 = 9,953.280 Mbit/s (~10 Gbps)
What is STM-64? Data rate of STM-16

Fiber Optical Network? What do you mean by Multimode and single mode fiber network? Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. In fiber-optic communication, a single-mode optical fiber (SMF) (monomode optical fiber, single-mode optical waveguide, or unimode fiber) is an optical fiber designed to carry only a single ray of light (mode) Multi-mode optical fiber (multimode fiber or MM fiber or fibre) is a type of optical fiber mostly used for communication over short distances, such as within a building or on a campus. Typical multimode links have data rates of 10 Mbit/s to 10 Gbit/s over link lengths of up to 600 metersmore than sufficient for the majority of premises applications.

What is DWDM? Why the technology is preferred?

Short for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, an optical technology used to increase bandwidth over existing fiber optic backbones. A key advantage to DWDM is that it's protocoland bit-rate-independent. . DWDM works by combining and transmitting multiple signals simultaneously at different wavelengths on the same fiber.

Principle and why rectifier is used in telecommunication sector? 3 phase full wave rectifier is used in Telecommunication. (Draw

rectifier diagram, connect it to load and to battery showing charging provision)

If a single battery has specification of 2V, 100Ah, then draw a connection of battery bank of 48V, 100Ah.

What is prepaid and postpaid subscribers? Relate IN and Billing centers with them.
IN or SCP is for Prepaid Billing is for Postpaid What is softswitch? Softswitch is IP switching based Mobile Switching Centers which includes MSC servers and MGWs. MSC server deals with signaling part of the call management, signaling with other core network equipments and controlling the switching functionalities of MGWs which are attached in it. Interface between MSC Server and MGW is called Mega Protocol or H.248. What is STP? What is the purpose of STP in Telecom network? Signaling Transfer part (STP) is used in the telecom network to simply the signaling network. It acts as single body to maintain communication among the different nodes of core network. More detail on Wikipedia.