Hungry generation

A literary movement in the Bengali language launched by what is known today as the Hungryalist quartet, i.e. Shakti Chattopadhyay, Malay Roy Choudhury, Samir Roychoudhury and Debi Roy (alias Haradhon Dhara), during the 1960s in Kolkata. The approach of the Hungryalists was to confront and disturb the prospective readers' preconceived colonial canons. They took the word Hungry from Geoffrey Chaucer's line "In Sowre Hungry Tyme" and they drew upon, among others, Oswald Spengler's histriographical ideas about the noncentrality of cultural evolution and progression, for philosophical inspiration. This movement is characterized by expression of closeness to nature and sometimes by tenets of Gandhianism and Prudhonianism.

Most important work ~ Malay Roy Choudhury's controversial poem Prachanda

Boidyutik Chhutar i.e., Stark Electric Jesus which was published from Washington State University in 1965.

Jindyworobak Movement
The Jindyworobak Movement was a nationalistic Australian literary movement whose white members sought to promote Indigenous Australian ideas and customs, particularly in poetry. They were active from the 1930s to around the 1950s. The Jindyworobak movement was begun in Adelaide during 1937 by the poet Rex Ingamells The name was taken from a Woiwurrung word meaning "to join" or "to annex", which had been used by the poet and novelist James Devaney in his 1929 bookThe Vanished Tribes. Ingamells first outlined the movements aims with an address entitled, On Environmental Values(1937), expanding this to Conditional Culture and forming the club later that year. In 1938, the firstJindyworobak Anthology (19381953) was published

An extensive history of the movement, The Jindyworobaks (ed. Brian Elliot) was published in 1979.

Members ~ Nancy Cato James Devaney Irene Gough William Hart-Smith W. Flexmore Hudson Rex Ingamells Martin Victor Kennedy Ian Mudie Roland Robinson

Sense of place was particularly important to the Jindyworobak movement. In 1941, the poet and critic A. D. Hope ridiculed the Jindyworobaks as "the Boy Scout school of poetry", a comment for which he apologised in Native Companions in 1975 saying "some amends are due, I think, to these Jindyworobaks". Although "Jindys" concentrated on Australian culture, not all were of Australian origin for example,William Hart-Smith who is sometimes connected to them, was born in England, and spent most of his life in New Zealand, with only a decade in Australia itself Judith Wright wrote in Because I was Invited in 1975 that the movement had succeeded in bringing poetry into the public arena Leading Australian poet Les Murray has sympathized with the Jindyworobaks' aims, and half-jokingly described himself as "the last of the Jindyworobaks".