CONCLUSION : Clarifying inspirational motivation and its relationship to extra effort

This study investigated the validity of inspirational motivation as measured by the multifactor leadership questionnaire ( MLQ) . Two new factors were identified, namely image based and concept based inspirational motivation, and their relationships with the leadership outcome of e!tra effort were investigated .implication for research and practice are presented. "nspirational motivation is transformational leadership behaviour, and which is measured by MLQ, and represent the use of vision of leaders. Inspirational motivation measures vision by recording the frequency with which leaders use symbols, metaphors, and simplified emotional appeals to increase awareness and understanding of mutually desired goals. Mainly, leaders use vision to encourage their followers to exert effort beyond the ordinary. B !! "#$%&' identified inspirational motivation in his investigation if charismatic leadership. Inspirational motivation must be considered as a important and vital component of leadership to enable researchers to study the language of leaders. "conger,#$$#'. (he current study examines inspirational motivation and extra effort items as measured by the self)administered MLQ &* recommend assessing the validity of each item in relation to its underlying factor. M *(I+, L-.! *-/*-!!I0- IM /I+-*1 ,I2(I3+ *1 was used to examine the wording of each item to ensure content validity .(wo specific types of wording were examined , namely image)based and concept)based of each item inspirational motivation. (he relationship between the factors of inspirational motivation and extra efforts were assessed using a structural equation model " sem'to examine the discriminant validity of inspirational motivation. (he sample for the one factor congeneric measurement model, higher)order confirmatory factor analysis, and the !-M was randomly split and the results were compared to ensure consistent findings. n examination of the wording for each inspirational motivation item identified two new groups of items, namely image)based and concept)based inspirational motivation. (hese two new item groupings were tested within one factor congeneric measurement model and produced acceptable fits, namely "xsq.45.%5,d.f.46,p47.789/:I47.$$, /:I47.$6,*M*47.78% for image)based inspirational motivation is measures as an uni)dimensinol concept however the study and multi)dimensional bac;ground of inspirational motivation may

explain why demonstrating the construct validity of mlq factors has been difficult. study has raised concerns about whether inspirational motivation is uni) dimensinol. <owever, no specific investigation of inspirational motivation has been published. (he current study investigates the content ,construct, and discriminant validity of inspirational motivation and x sq.4&.57,d.f.4#,p47.7#9/:I47.$%, /:I47.$6,*M*47.7=' for concept)based inspirational motivation . (he original grouping of items produced an inferior fit to the new grouping of items " x sq.4>>.#&,d.f.4#=,p47.77,/:I47.$=, /:I47.%&,*M*47.75' and was further assessed as inadequate because of two items had squared multiple correlation below 7.87 ,and four factor score regressions were less than 7.7%. I( was conclude that the current study is also examined the relationships among the two factors of inspirational motivation and extra effort using !-M. while the model inspirational motivation had positive relationships to extra effort, differences between the magnitude of direct effects were evident. Beyond, this all conclusion the study had some limitations which are? (his study limited to a single population and may not be fully representative of all managers. (herefore, the findings should be viewed with some degree of caution in terms of their generali@ation. #erhaps, it was also conclude that future research needs to e!amine the multi dimensional aspects of vision to advance our understanding of how leader communications influence followers behaviours .