Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS 1.1 Understanding Physics

PHYSIC S Study of Liquid the natural phenomena and the properties of matter. Gas

Mechanical Energy

stat es

Matt er Solid

H e a t E n e r g y Li g

ht Energy

Wave Energy
Electrical Energy

Nuclear Energy

Chemical Energy

roperties of Matter

!elationship "ith energy

in the fields

Mechanic s

Hea t

Wa ve

Electroni cs $tomic hysics # Nuclear

roperties

Light

Electricity # Electromagnetis m

of matter

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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1.2

PHYSICAL

UANTITIES

!ase "#antity
any quantity that can be measured by a scienti ic instrument! % $ physical quantity is &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..
' E$a%&'es () scienti)ic instruments (&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& etc!

stop"atch# metre rule balance#thermometer#ammeter

3 $ *ase "#antity is a physical quantity "hich cannot )e defined in terms of other physical quantities. 4 Study the follo"ing picture and list the physical quantities that can )e measured.

*he list of physical quantities ( $ei%ht#

%. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. '. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. +. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. ,. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
-. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.

mass# si&e# a%e#

temperatur e# current

.. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. /. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.

Po"er#

Thermal ener%y

0. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.

battery

- List of - )asic physical quantities and their units.

1ase quantity Length Mass *ime Current *emperature

Sym)ol l m t I T

S.2. 3nit meter 'ilo%ra m secon d (mpp ere )el*i n

Sym)ol for S.2. 3nit m '% s ( )

. *"o quantities that have also identified as )asic quantity. *here are (
+i%ht intensity candela (mount o substance

mol

i4 &&&&&&&&&&..unit &&&&.. ii4 &&&&&&&&&. unit &&&&&..

'

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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Standard +(r% Standard form 5 $ 6 n % %7 8

% 9 $ 9 %7 and n 5 integer simpli y the e,pression o *ery lar%e and small numbers

Standard form is used to ' &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... Some physical have e6tremely small magnitudes. Write the + quantities follo"ing quantities in standard form ( a. !adius of the earth 5 . +/7 777 m 5&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
1!-/. , 1012/ '% ). Mass of an electron 5 7.777 777 777 777 777 777 777 777 777 777 :%% ;g 5&&&... 14
.!0 , 10 m /!2 , 10 m 4!4 , 10 -!./ , 10 m
-

c. Si<e of a particle 5 7.777 7+ m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 13 ). =iameter of an atom 5 7.777 777 7/' m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... 1/ c. Wavelength of light 5 7.777 777 -- m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.. Pre)i$es represent a lar%e physical quantity or e,tremely small quantity in 5!I %. refi6es are usually used to &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&...units! '. 2t "ill )e "ritten &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& + *he list of prefi6es . ( Eg (
%7%' %7
:

be ore the unit as a multiplyin% actor!

*era >*4 Giga >G4

% *m 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&. +.. m$ 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&. Ho" to change the unit ? Eg ( %. Mega to nano

+ . pi;o to Mega

%7. %7 %7
+

% ' 7 % %7 %7 %7
@%

Mega >M4 ;ilo He;to >;4 >ha4 =e;a >da4 desi >d4 mili >m4 micro > 4 nano >n4 pico >p4 : 4!44- , 10
19 ;7-8

@'

%7

@+

centi >s4

%7@. %7@:

' . *era to micro

. 6 71 128

p(
1

%7@%'

M(

standard : 4!44, 10

)(r%

or

using

5 % ' 0 7 7 7 7 7 m

4. Some physical quantities have e6tremely large magnitudes. *hese e6tremely large and small values can )e "ritten in standard

&re)i$es. Write the quantities in standard prefi6es(

a. Arequency of radio "ave 5 :% 777 777 H< 5 &&&&&&&&&&&& 9.1x10MHz &&&&.

p( 5 &&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&
83 Mm = 3.83 x 10 2 Mm c. 3

=istance )et"een the moon and the earth 5 +0+ 777 777 m 5 &&&&&&&&&

). =iameter of the earth

12.8 Mm = 1.28 x 10

d. Mass of the earth 5 . 777 777 777 777 777 777

6.0 x 10 12 Tm

777 777 ;g 5

&&&&&&&&&

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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Deri,ed "#antities
a physical quantity "hich combines se*eral basic quantities % $ derived quantity is &&.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ' =etermine the derived unit for the follo"ing derived quantities .
throu%h multiplication# di*ision or both

Deri,ed "#antity area volume

+(r%#'a
area 5 length 6 "idth volume 5 length 6 "idth 6 height

Deri,ed #nit
m 6 m 5 m' m6m6m5m ; g
+

Na%e () deri,ed #nit

B B

density

densi ty

m as s *olu me displacem ent ti m e

;g m +

m
+

velocity

*elocit y

% m ms

s ;g m s@% B

momentum

momentum 5 mass 6 velocity

m s% $cceleration
acceleratio n chan%e in *elocity time s

m s@% s
%

ms'

Aorce

force 5 mass 6 acceleration

;g m s@'

Ne"ton >N4

pressure

pressur e

or ce area

'% m s12 < m2 '% ms 12 = m

'% m11 s12

7=m128 =e"ton 7=8

"eight "or;

"eight 5 mass 6 gravitational acceleration

"or; 5 force 6 displacement

>oule 7>8

" or '

po"er

po"er ti m

>

?att 7?8

e
;inetic energy

)! @ '

mass *elocity2

)% ms12 )% ms12

>oule 7>8
>oule 7>8

potential energy

.E 5 mass 6 gravitational acceleration 6 height

charge

charge 5 current 6 time

(mpere second 7(s 8

Coulomb 7C8

voltage

voltage

"or ; char ge

> C11

Aolt 7*8

resistance

resistanc e

*olta %e curr ent

* (11

Bhm 7C8

Note that the physical quantities such as "idth8 thic;ness8 height8 distance8 displacement8 perimeter8 radius and diameter are equivalent to length.
,

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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SCALAR AND -ECTOR UANTITIES Duantity "hich has only ma%nitude or si&e % Scalar quantities are &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
E6amples ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ' Cector quantities are&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... E6amples ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
+ Study the follo"ing description of events carefully and then decide "hich events require Aelocity# Force# Eisplacement# (cceleration Duantity "hich has ma%nitude or si&e and direction! Mass# +en%th# 5peed# *olume

1.3

magnitude8 direction or )oth to specify them. =escription of events %. *he temperature in the room is '- 7C '. *he location of $yer Hitam is .7 ;m to the north@"est of Dohor 1ahru +. *he po"er of the electric )ul) is 07 W $ car is travelling at 07 ;m h@% from Dohor ,. 1ahru to Euala Lumpur Magnitude F F F F =irection

1.4

.EASURE.ENTS

Using A&&r(&riate Instr#%ents t( .eas#re

% *here are various types of&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.measurin%instrument"ithdi erentmeasurin%capabilities!

measure a particular quantity! ' We must ;no" ho" to choose the appropriate instrument to &&&&&&&&&&&..

+ E6amples of instrument and its measuring a)ility. Measuring instrument Measuring tape Meter rule Cernier caliper Micrometer scre" gauge
!ange of measurement Smallest scale division

Gp to a e" meters 1m 10 cm less than 2 cm 720 mm8

0!1 cm 0!1 cm 70!01 m8 0!01 cm 0!001 cm 70!01 mm8

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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, Sample of measuring instruments ( is use to measure electric current

/.1 A%%eter ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..

incorret reading
,

% 7

'+

'

correct
, reading

pointer mirror

point er

mirror

ointerFs image is )ehind the ointerFs image can )e seen pointer is use to determine the *olume o liquid! ,.' .eas#ring cy'inder ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.................... "rong position of eye !ight position of eye >eye are in a line perpendicular to the plane of the scale4 "rong position of eye
0ater

is use to determine the len%th

,.+ R#'er ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
"rong right "rong

%7

%%

%' %+

%, %-

!eading 5 &&&&&& cm

4.4 Cernier calliper

$ venier calliper is used to measure ( a. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&). &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
small obHect depth o a hole

e,ternal diameter o a cylinder or pipe internal diameter o a pipe or tube

$ vernier calliper gives readings to an accuracy of &&&&&&&&&&&&&...&. cm.

3. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&d. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. 0.1 cm

inside Ga"s Cernier scale

'

S1ALAMain
scale

outside Ga"s

0!9
Length of vernier scale 5 &&& cm Cernier scale is divided into %7 divisions
7 7 . -

)et"een the main scale and vernier

scale is 5 &&&&&&&&&& &. cm

%7

0!01 cm

Length of the divisions 5 &&&. cm

0!09

*he differenct

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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% 7

Main scale 5 &&&&&&&.0!2cm

0!0- cm
Cernier scale 5 &&&&&&&.. Ainal reading 5 &&&&&&&..

7 % ' + , / 0 : %7

0!2- cm

A i n d t h e d i v i s i o n o f v e r n i e

r sc al e "h ich is coi nci de s "it h an y pa rt of th e m ai n sc al e si&e

*he diagram )elo" sho"s ,.a vernier calliper "ith Microm reading.

ge is used

a. &&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&& ). &&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&.

diameter o a "ire

7 %

eter scre" gauge. $ micr om eter scre " gau

to meas ure (
o bH e ct s th at a r e s m al l in

d i a m e t e r o s m a l l s p h e

r e s s u c h a s

b a l l b e a r i n %

s c . & & & & & & &

& & & & & & & & & & &

Hne complete turn of the thim)le >-7 division4 moves the spindle )y 7.-7 mm. =ivision of thim)le 0.5 2= &&&& &&&.. 0.1 2= &&&& &&&.. $ accuracy of micrometer
I 40 mm

1 mm scre" gauge 5 &&&&&..

0!0

E6ample (

Sleeve scale ( 4!4 mm &&&&& Sleeve scale ( 0!2 &&& 2 && m 0!22 mm m *him) *him)le scale ( le &&&&. scale ( && 2!2 2 &&. m 4!-2 m *otal reading ( mm &&&&... *otal readin g( && &&..
/

2!0 m m

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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,.. Some others measuring instruments (

(nalo%ue stop"atch &&&&&&&&&

di%ital stop"atch &&&&&&& &

thermometer

miliamme ter

&&&&&&&&& &&&..

Measurin% tape measurin% cylinder bea'er &&&&&&&&&. &&&&&&&&.. &&&&&& Hands@on activity %.% on page % of the practical )oo; to learn more a)out choosing appropriate instruments. E$ercise: -ernier Ca''i&ers And .icr(%eter Scre0 2a#ge %. Write do"n the readings sho"n )y the follo"ing >a 4 / 0
$ns"er( &/!/9 cm&&&&..

7 >) 4

%7

, $ 1

I %7

$ns"er( J4!2/ cmJJJJ!!

>c4

$ns"er( JJ-!23 cmJJJ!!

7 %

>d4

$ns"er( J0!02 cmJJJJ!!

7 %7
0

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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'. >a4 *he follo"ing diagram sho"s the scale of a vernier calliper "hen the Ga"s are closed.

%7

>)4.

Jero error 5 &0!02&&& cm *he follo"ing diagram sho"s the scale of the same vernier calliper "hen there are ,7 pieces of card)oard )et"een the Ga"s.
.

7-

%7

!eading sho"n 5 &4!-4&&.cm Corrected reading 5 &4!-2&&..cm

3. >a4

Write do"n the readings sho"n )y the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.

>)4

,7 +-

10

35

30

$ns"er( &&&&&&&&&&. >c4

7

''7

$ns"er(&&&&&&&&&& $ns"er(&&&&&&&&. ,. >a4 =etermine the readings of the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.

7 ,-

Jero error 5 &0!02&&.. mm

:

Jero error 5 &0!0.&&.. mm

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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>)4 =etermine the readings of the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.

'7 %-

Jero error 5 0!0.&&&mm

!eading sho"n Corrected reading

5 -!-/&&&..mm 5 -!-4&&&..mm

-. Write do"n the readings sho"n )y the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges. >a4 >)4

,7 +-

10

35

30

$ns"er( &-!33 mm&&&& >c4

7

$ns"er( &..12!.2 mm&& > d 4

''7

'7 %-

$ns"er(&&&,./% mm&&&&

$ns"er(

:.%/ mm&&&&

.. >a4 =etermine the readings of the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.

7 , -

Jero error 5 J10!02 mm

Jero error 5 &0!0... mm

>)4 =etermine the readings of the follo"ing micrometer scre" gauges.

' 7 7 7

7 % -

Jero error 5 &0!0..mm

!eading sho"n Corrected reading

5 &.-!-/..mm 5& -!-4..mm

%7

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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Acc#racy and c(nsistency in %eas#re%ents. %. $ccuracy ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

The ability o an instrument to measure consistently "ith little or no relati*e
'. Consistency ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& The ability o an instrument to measure nearest to the actual *alue

de*iation amon% readin%s! The ability o an instrument to detect a small chan%e in the quantity measured! +. Sensitivity ( &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

target

consistent but inaccurate consistent and accurate inaccurate and not consistent &&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&..

target

&&&&&&&&.. &&&&&&&&&&&.. &&&&&&&&&&&& Hands@on activity %.' on page ' of the practical )oo; to determine the sensitivity of some measuring instruments.
Err(rs in %eas#re%ents

(ccurate but not consistent inaccurate but consistent inaccurate but not consistent

%. $ll measurements are values &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& '. 2n other "ord8 it is a matter of &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& +. *his is )ecause &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ,. *"o main types of errors( ,.% &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Hccurs due to (
5ystematic errors
error e,ist in all measurements!
ho" close the measurement is to the actual *alue!

o appro,imation only!

a4 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& )4 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& c4 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E6amples ( a4 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& )4 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& c4 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

%%
Initial readin% is not at the &ero scale ; &ero error Keaction time o the brain! the di erence bet"een reaction time o the brain and the action!

a "ea'ness o the instrument

&ero error is "hen the pointer is not at &ero "hen not in use!

Kan%e o the measurin% instrument ; absolute error !

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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A*s('#te err(r (
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.&&&&Ke ertothesmallestreadin%thatcanbemeasuredbyaninstrument!

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. E6ample ( I # the smallest readin% : 0!1 cm Then# (bsolute error : 0!1 < 2 : 0!04 cm

It occurs because the position o the eye is not perpendicular to the scale o Para''a$ err(r : &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

the instrument! "ron% ri%ht position o the eye 7no error8 "ron%

% 7 % ' + , - . / 0 : %7 7
c m

c m

7%'+,-./0 : %7

Jero error 5 60!0.

cm
"here the pointer is not at &ero "hen not in use 3er( err(r : &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... Correct reading 5 o)served reading B <ero error ositive <ero error
negative <ero error

Hori<ontal reference ' divisions )elo"

Hori<ontal reference

+ divisions a)ove hori<ontal reference

hori<ontal reference Jero error 5 K0!02 mm Jero error 5 B0!0. mm ositive <ero error Jero error of scre" meter gauge
% '

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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,.' &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..Kandomerror Hccurs due to

a4 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
carelessness in ma'in% the measurement!

)4 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& c4 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E6ample ( a4 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..&

Can be minimi&ed by consistently repeatin% the measurement at di erent places in )4 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..
an identical manner! sudden chan%e o ambient actors such as temperature or air circulation!

paralle, error # incorrect positionin% o the eye "hen ta'in% the readin%s!

Keadin%s are close to the actual *alue but they are not consistent!

.....................................................................................................................

1.5

SCIENCETI+IC IN-ESTI2ATION Steps

E6planation

Ma;ing o)servation

Gather all a*ailable in ormation about the obHect or phenomen on to be studied! Gsin% the i*e senses# si%ht# hearin%# touch# taste and smell!
( conclusion rom an obser*ation or phenomena usin% in ormation that already e,ist!

'

=ra"ing inferences

2dentifying + and controlling varia)les

Aariables are actors or physical quantities "hich chan%e in the course o a scienti ic in*esti%ation! There are three *ariables : i! Manipulated *ariables ; physical quantity "hich chan%es accordin% to the aim o the e,periment! ii! Kespondin% *ariables ; physicals quantity "hich is the resu lt o the chan%ed by manipulated *ariable! iii! Fi,ed *ariables ; physicals quantities "hich are 'ept constant durin% the e,periment!

Aormulating a hypothesis Conducting

5tatement o relationship bet"een the manipulated *ariable and the respondin% *ariable those "e "ould e,pect! $ypothesis can either be true or alse! i! Conduct an e,periment includes the compilation and interpretation o data!

e6periments

ii! Ma'in% a conclusion re%ardin% the *alidity o the hypothesis!

%+

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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P'an and re&(rt an e$&eri%ent Situation ( $ fe" children are playing on a different length of s"ing in a playground. 2t is found that the time of oscillation for each s"ing is different. Ste ps 2nferenc e Hypothe sis E6ample ( refer to the situation a)ove The period o the oscillation depends on the len%th o the pendulum! ?hen the len%th o the pendulum increases# the period o the oscillation increases! In*esti%ate the relationship bet"een len%th and period o a simple pendulum! Manipulated *ariable : the len%th o the pendulum! Kespondin% *ariable : Period Fi,ed *ariable : the mass o the pendulum and the displacement! Ketort stand# metal bob# thread# stop"atch# protractor# metre rule#

'

$im Caria)le s

List of apparatus and material s

$rrangement of the apparatus

Ketort stand

protractor

ll
b o b
1

rocedures

! 2 ! . !

5et up the apparatus as sho"n in the i%ure abo*e! Measure the len%th o the pendulum#l : -0!0 cm by usin% a meter rule! Gi*e the pendulum bob a small displacement .00!Time o

10 oscillations is measured by usin% a stop "atch! 4 ! Kepeat the timin% or another 10 oscillations! Calculate the a*era%e time! Period : t10 oscillations 10 4 Kepeat steps 2# . and 4 usin% ! l : 40!0 cm# 40!0 cm# .0!0 cm and 20!0 cm

%,

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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*a)ulate the data

Length 8l L cm %

*ime for %7 oscillations L s ' $verage

eriodL s >* 5 t%7L%74

.7. 7 -7. 7 ,7. 7 +7. 7 '7. 7

%-. 0 %-. 7 %+. % %%. : :.:

%-./ %-.7 %+.% %%.: :.:

%-. 0 %-. 7 %+. % %%. : :.:

%.-0 %.-7 %.+% %.%: 7.::

$nalyse the data

*Ls Gra o period# T *s pendulums len%th# l %., %.' %.7 7.0 7.. 7., 7.' , 7

%7

'7

+7

-7

.7 l / cm

%7

=iscussion

Precautions : 1! Bscillation time is measured "hen the pendulum attained a steady state! 2! Time or 10 oscillations is repeated t"ice to increase accuracy! . Eiscussion 7re er to %i*en ! questions8

%%

Conclusion
The period increases "hen the len%th o the pendulum increases! $ypothesis accepted! 1 a*oid rom stron% "in% ! blo"in% 2 use small ! amplitude

recautions %' step

.! time ta'en at the equilibrium position

%-

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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Rein)(rce%ent Cha&ter 1 Part A :O*4ecti,e

$ #esti(n

'.328 x 10 m =

1. Which of the follo"ing is a )ase S2 quantityM Ener $ Weight 1 gy Mas C Celocity D s

'. Which of the follo"ing is a derived quantityM $ Length 1 Mass C *emperature D Voltage

9. Which of the follo"ing measuremen ts is the longestM

$ C
%.' 6 %7@cm

( =

10. *he diameter of a particle is '-7 m. What is its diameter in cmM

A C
2.) x 10
.
%2

7.%' mm

'.- 6 %7@

1 %7@, '.- 6 @0 = %7

'.- 6

11. Which of
the follo"ing prefi6es is arranged in ascendin g orderM $ mili8 senti8 mi;ro8 desi ( m!& o* m!l!* sent!* +es! C m ili8 m i; ro 8 d e si8 s e nt i = d e si8 m i; ro 8 m ili8 s

3. Which of the follo"ing is not a )asic unitM Newto 1 A n ;ilogram = C ampere second 4. Which of the follo"ing quantities cannot )e derivedM Elect !c o A c" ent 1 "er Aor C Momentum = ce
-. Which of the follo"ing quantities is not derived from the )asic physical

quantity of lengthM Elect !c 1 =ensit @% 1' m @'s = y A c#a ge m s Celocity = Colum C e

6. 2nitial velocity u8 final velocity *8 time t

and another physical quantity '
is related )y the equation * 1 u 5 't!

*he unit for ' is $ m s@% $ m s%2

7. Which of the follo"ing has the smallest magnitudeM megamet centimet $ re 1 re m!& ome C ;ilometre D te
0. , +'0 777 777 mm in standard form is

,.+'0 6 %7@: m 1

,.+'0 6 %7@. m

enti

12. Celocity8 density8 force and energy are $ )asic quantities 1 scalar quantities $ +e !,e+ -"ant!t!es = vector quantities 13. Which of the follo"ing sho"s the
correct conversion of unitsM

$ 2 3 4

', mm+ 5'., 6 %7@. m+ 300 mm3=3.0 x 10%. m3 077 mm+50.7 6 %7@' m+ % 777 mm+5%.7 6 %7@, m+

14. Which of the follo"ing measurements is the shortest M 1 +.,- 6 %7+ m 2 3.') x 10' cm 3 +.,- 6 %7/ mm 4 +.,- 6 %7%' m 15. *he Hit< AM channel )roadcasts radio "aves
at a frequency of :'.0 MH< in the north region. What is the frequency

of the radio "ave in H<M $ $ :.'0 6 %7, 9.28 x 10.

:.'0 6 1 %7:.'0 6 %7 = %7

%.. $n o)Gect moves along a straight line for time8 t. *he length of the line8 s is

given )y the equation s

%t ' . *he

S2 unit of g is $ m' s' C

'
%2 1 ms @' = s m

s@%

%.

Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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Part ! : Str#ct#re

#esti(n

1. $ car moves "ith an average speed of /- ;m h@% from to"n

t"o to"ns. I

to to"n I in ' hours as sho"n in Aigure %. 1y using this information8 you may calculate the distance )et"een the

Aigure % (1) >i4 1ased on the statements given8 state t"o )asic quantities and their respective S2 units. Eistance : m and time : s
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >ii4 State a derived quantity and its S2 unit. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >)4 Convert the value % m to standard form. - 6 %7@+
5peed ; m s11

1= 2=

0!2 , 10. m
2

2!0 , 10 m

(3) Complete *a)le % )y "riting the value of each given prefi6.

1019 10110109

*a)le % (4) o"er is defined as the rate of change of "or; done. =erive the unit for po"er in terms of its )asic units.
Po"er :

"or' :Force displacement ' m'%ms

Gnit :

: '% m2 s1.

ti m e

time

(5) Calculate the volume of a "ooden )loc; "ith dimension of / cm8 - cm )readth and %' cm height in m+ and convert its value in standard form.
Aolume : 7/ , 10128 74 , 10128 712 , 10128 1= 420 , 1012= 4!20 , 1014 m.

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Physics Module Form 4 Teachers Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics

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'. Aigure ' sho"s an ammeter of 7N+ $ range.

Aigure ' Mirror >a4 >i4 Name component O. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&... To a*oid paralla, error >ii4 What is the function of OM &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. >)4 *a)le ' sho"s three current readings o)tained )y three students.

*a)le ' =o >i4 =id all the students use the ammeter in Aigure'M .. &&&&&&&&&&&&&. >ii4 E6plain your ans"er in >)4>i4.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
. readin%s obtained by student 2 and . are out o the meter ran%e!
rd

3. Aigure + sho"s the meniscus of "ater in a measuring cylinder E8 L8 and M are three eye positions "hile measuring the volume of the "ater. (1) >i4
Which of the eye positions is correct "hile ta;ing the reading of the volume of "aterM

+ &&.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Aigure + >)4 *he "ater in the measuring cylinder is replaced "ith +7 cm+ of mercury. >i4 2n Aigure ,8 dra" the meniscus of the mercury in the measuring cylinder. Aigure , >ii4 E6plain "hy the shape of the meniscus of mercury is as dra"n in >)4>i4. The cohesi*e orce is lar%er than the adhesi*e orce &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

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