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Complete report of Animal Development with title Reproduction Cycle, that arranged by: Name : Andi Alfina Ulandari

Registration Number : 121 444 1 015 Group Class : III (Theree) : ICP A of Biology

After checked and consulted by Assistant and Assistant Coordinator, so this report was accepted.

Makassar, November Assistant Coordinator, Assistant,

2013

Ahmad Faqih Dz ID. 101 404 003

Ahmad Faqih Dz ID. 101 404 003

Known by, Lecturer of Responsibility

Drs. Adnan, MS

A. BASIC THEORY Mus musculus is a common House mice including the order rodentia and family muridae. Normal adult mice have weigh between 25-40 grams and have a variety of colors. the majority of laboratory mice is albino strains have white and pink feathers. Mice is an animal which doesnt have sweat glands, the heart consists of four chambers with the atrium walls are thin and thicker ventricle wall. by knowing the characteristics of the animals to be tested is expected to adjust and reasonably treated. in a dose that is used for the using of a drug should be in accordance with data on the use of dose in quantitatively. because when it is applied to human beings will do a comparison of the body surface area (adnan and Munisa, 2013). Mice are timid but social animals. Contact with conspecifics (others of their species) is important, and a mouse housed alone may become more aggressive. Although wild mice are nocturnal, laboratory mice have active periods during both the day and night. Categories of common behaviors of mice include: (1) maintenance behaviors (grooming, eating, drinking, nesting); (2) investigative/exploratory behaviors (climbing, digging, chewing, sniffing); and (3) social interactions (huddling together, grooming one another, scent/territorial marking, aggression, defense, sexual behavior). Mice spend a great deal of time manipulating their bedding material, and if the material allows they will build tunnels and nests. Providing appropriate nesting materials to pregnant mice is important, as the nesting behavior is very pronounced in mice (Foster and Fox, 1983). Mice is became more widely used in research, some individuals began breeding them for sale. The advantages of mice as research animals are many. Their genetic characterization, the large number of strains available, and the large list of catalogued mutant genes provide animals suited for a number of different areas of research. Mice are easy to care for and handle, and are relatively inexpensive compared to other species. A high reproductive performance with a large litter size and a short gestation means that many generations can be produced in a relatively short period of time (one million descendants after 425 days). The disadvantages of mice as research animals include their small size, which limits the procedures that may be performed as well as the sample volume size that can be obtained from an individual animal. To overcome the latter limitation, samples from several animals may be pooled for research analysis and statistical significance (Harknes and Wagner, 1995). The use of the mouse as a research animal has resulted in many scientific advancements. Much of our early understanding of the immune system was derived from studying the mouse. The use of the mouse continues to be an important part of various research endeavors including aging, embryology, cancer induction, pharmacological and toxicological testing, and infectious diseases research. Transgenic and knockout mice have become important tools for investigating the relationship of genetic make-up to disease states as well as elucidating pathways of normal mammalian development (Lawson, 2000).

B. PURPOSE
Knowing how to granting drug of animal experiment in mice on intra muscular area , subcutaneous, intra peritoneal area, and oral.

C. WORK PROCEDURE
1. How to hold the mice are so ready to be given the test preparations The tail end of mice are removed by the right hand. then put on the surface where it's not slippery. After that create mice feel calm with stroking mices head. When the mice have been quiet, mice is clamped with the index finger and thumb of the left hand. mice are lifted, then the body of mice are reversed so that the surface of the abdomen facing us and the tail is clipped between the ring finger and pinkie fingers left. 2. How to give the drug of mice a. Oral

Administering orally on mice performed with blunt-pointed syringe. liquid medication given by using a taped oral sonde on the upper palate mice. Enter slowly. at the time of entering the sonde oral, position of the head mice looked up and his mouth open a little. b. Subcutaneous Injection is done at the nape with pinched the neck between thumb and forefinger. clean the skin area to be injected with alcohol. Enter the drug by using syringes 1 ml in parallel from the front until pierce the skin. the granting of a remedy is successful when the syringe pierced the skin. c. Intra muscular The drug is injected in the thigh posteriorly with syringe 1 ml. d. Intra peritoneal When the injenction is doing, the position of head is lower abdomen. that is injecting the belly area slightly pulled over from the midline so syringes are not exposed to the bladder.

D. OBSERVATION RESULT Oral

Subcutaneous

Intra muscular

Intra peritoneal

E. DISCUSSION
a. Oral H old the mice are in accordance with the instructions. After that, enter the drug slowly until eshopagus, position of the head mice looked up and his mouth open a little. b. Subcutaneous Injecting at the nape. injecting began when mice are quiet. before injecting, the nape area is cleaned with alcohol. injecting done quickly so that bleeding doesnt occur. Injecting by using syringes 1 ml. c. Intra muscular The posterior thigh area is cleaned with alcohol. Injecting in posterior thigh by using a syringe 1 ml. injection is done slowly with not too deep so as not to hurt mice. d. Intra peritoneal The abdomen is cleaned with alcohol. when the injenction is doing, the position of head is lower abdomen. that is injecting the belly area slightly pulled over from the midline so syringes are not exposed to the bladder.

F. CONCLUSION
Giving the drug on mice or injection wiil be done at the time the mice is calm. This is useful in order not to hurt mice at the time of injection.

G. SUGGESTION
To the next observation, the assistant and practikan to be more active from the previous observation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Foster, H. L., J. D. Small, and J. G. Fox (editors). The Mouse in Biomedical Research, vol. III. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. 1983. Gassing, Adnan. 2013. Guide Book of Animal Development. Makassar: State University of Makassar. Harkness, J. E., and J. E. Wagner. The Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents, 4 edition. Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. 1995. Lawson, P.T. Assistant Laboratory Animal Technician Training Manual, American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 1998.
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Report of Animal Development Giving the Drug at Mice C R E A T E D By : Name Nim Class Assistant : Andi Alfina Ulandari : 121 444 1 015 : Biology ICP of A :