New Generation of Avionics Radios Concept and Architecture

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

1. Nav/Com Platform

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

Communications-Navigations New market requirements

Multimode
AM, VDL A, 1, 2, 3, datalink-VDL4 CPDLC (Controller-Pilot Datalink Communication) Bug removal, Servicing, Spec evolving Customer feedback implementations New interfaces

Future upgrades and SW-defined functionalities

VHF Nav/Com

Smaller minimum distance between different services antennas Higher reliability User friendly man-machine interface Low weight/power consumption/cost

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

Nav/Com Design Highlights

Multimode, multi-band, multiple protocol support:
- Based on high computing power of TI DSP (ARM) and Power PC

Multiple interface support

- ARINC Interface - UART, MNEA, Aviation specific interfaces - SW-defined Interfaces (SDI) - Several bidirectional interfaces may be programmed to Any Interface via configuration port

Digital voice support with options of:

Noise reduction and noise cancellation; Dynamic range compression Automatic voice recognition Overall efficiency > 65% Programmable output power from 4W to 40W Support modulations- AM, AM/DSB, FSK, MPSK, D8PSK, QAM. High Tx efficiency Small heat sink Low part count

High efficiency, high output power polar modulation transmitter:

Estimated weight for 25W Tx (AM & VDL) less than 4 lb due to:

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

Nav/Com overall block diagram

VDL 2,3 compatible
Nav Duplexer

Nav Rx VHF Nav Rx UHF Beacon Rx Aux Rx

ADC

ADC ADC

DSP TMS320C6424

ADC

CPU Power PC
RSP GC5018

Interfaces

Memory

Connector

Com Rx
Tx/Rx Switch

ADC DDS

Com Tx AM/VDL

Interfaces

Power supply and power management

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

Receivers
All receivers are built on the same architecture

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

Com/NAV VHF Rx block diagram

Nav VHF

BPF
LNA

BPF

FM Notch

LNA

ADC
BPF

Com VHF

BPF
LNA

FM Notch

LNA

ADC
BPF

16 channels RSP

Aux VHF

BPF
LNA

FM Notch

LNA

ADC

Direct RF sampling No analog gain control 16 channels RSP 16 bit ADC at 160 MSPS

Com, Nav, and Aux (108-136 MHz) receivers Adaptive tunable FM notch filters Two helical 4 pole filters per band

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

Rx highlights
Fully digital direct RF sampling, no down conversion
16 active channels in 108 to 162 MHz band

Adaptive tunable FM notch filters Aux Rx can be used for diversity, redundancy, and VDL4 operation
Dual port Nav antenna (vertical and horizontal polarization) helps to reduce amount of antennas

Dynamic noise reduction system

Helps increase AM sensitivity by 3 to 6dB Makes conversations more reliable

Dual detector with coherent and non-coherent outputs and intelligent combining algorithm Coherent post-detection of navigation signals
Improve sensitivity and accuracy Improve self jamming immunity against AM signals Helps to reduce minimum distance between antennas

Single tap equalizer for D8PSK signals

Improves FER in real life operation

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

Transmitter
Single transmitter for AM and VDL

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

Transmitter parameters
Average power at antenna portOverall efficiency more than25W 50% Tuning on time is less than10S Transmitter could be retuned to VDL mode during AM transmission

Support AM, D8PSK, GFSK Other modes could be added later

Built in diagnostic via receive channel Transmitter built on polar modulation architecture Any modulation support achieved by using fractional-N PLL and a fast envelop controller High gain output transistor retuned from cellular band Up to 200W peak power available Up to 80% peak power added efficiency for PA

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

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Tx ANC Adaptive Noise Canceling

Tx

ADC

DSP
ADC

Nav

Switch

Com

Rx

Output signal from the Tx is sampled, filtered (Nav or Com), and digitized The Tx noise is subtracted from Rx signal in the DSP Expected noise reduction up to 20dB
Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate
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Nav/Com future upgrades

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

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VDL4 upgrade
Aux Ant Aux Ant

Main Rx

VDL unit 1Tx4Rx

VDL4 Control

VDL unit 1Tx4Rx

Main Rx

Two VDL2/3 units and VDL4 control protocol will form VDL4 system Usage of Aux antenna to achieve full duplex Software update will support VDL4 control and ADS-B Full diversity support

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

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VDL 4 upgrades

VDL-4 was proposed to allow each vessel to broadcast without data collision.
Communicates with Ground Stations and other aircraft within its locality. VDL4 radios consist of at least 2 receivers and 1 transmitter, the additional receiver being used as a signaling channel to instruct the radio on impending changes. An autonomous management system ensures that even in the most crowded airspace all aircraft can transmit and receive data in a timely manner. While VDL-4 has been designed to meet the demanding applications of ADS-B, it can also be used for air-to-air and air-to-ground communications and, additionally, may be used to up-link data to augment aircraft navigation systems. In theory, it can support the full communication, navigation and surveillance requirements as envisaged by ICAO for future air navigation.

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

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VDL 4

Applications

Controller-pilot data link communications (CPDLC)

CPDLC enables a whole host of control related applications including: ATC clearance, ATC management, Flying Plan contingency Checking, Dynamic Route Availability Botification

Pre-departure Clearance
Similar to CPDLC for semi-automated data link exchange between an aircraft and Control Tower prior to taxing and take-off

Flight Information Services

Ground generated communications that provides time sensitive weather and supporting info to aircraft. FIS-B is expected to support uplink of weather graphics, ATIS and VOLMET. The coverage of FIS-B can be extended thru ground network allowing ATIS info of destination airports.

Confidential and Proprietary. Do not duplicate

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