Hwa Chong Institution Sec 3 Physics (SMTP) Chapter 1: Kinetic Theory of Matter Assign ent 1 (Answer) 1 The diagram

shows a simple pressure cooker.

1+

(a) How does the separation of water molecules differ from that of steam molecules? Explain why is this so. Inter o!ecu!ar separation "etween water of stea o!ecu!es# The inter o!ecu!ar "on&s "etween water stea o!ecu!es# (!)

[1

o!ecu!es is s a!!er than to that $1% o!ecu!es is stronger than that of $1% $3% $1% $1%

How do the steam molecules exert pressure on the lid of the cooker? Stea o!ecu!es o'e in a ran&o an& continuous otion#

(hen they co!!i&e against the wa!! of container) they e*ert forces on the wa!! of the container# This a'erage force e*erte& per unit area is the pressure e*erte& on the wa!!s

$1%

(c)

Explain" in terms of molecular !eha#iour" why !oiling in#ol#es a transfer of thermal energy with no change in temperature. [$ The ther a! energy a"sor"e& "y the water is use& to "rea, inter o!ecu!ar "on&s (change state) change P#-)) $1% an& not to increase te perature (K#-) $1%

(d)

The use of a weighted #al#e allows the water to !oil at a higher temperature. Explain clearly how is this so. [%

&sing the kinetic theory for matter" explain (a) why the density of gas is lower than that of solid. Inter o!ecu!ar &istance "etween gas o!ecu!es are greater than so!i& ass of [$ o!ecu!es# # $1% $1%

Therefore) in a unit 'o!u e for the sa e o!ecu!es ( ass) than so!i& o!ecu!es# (!) 'oyle(s )aw

atter) there wi!! "e !ess gas

(hen the 'o!u e of a container &ecreases) the &istance for the o!ecu!es to tra'e! fro wa!!.to.wa!! &ecrease) the fre/uency of co!!isions increase) $1% Therefore the a'erage force per unit area increases) an& the pressure increase# $1% c) how e#aporation of sweat from our skin causes cooling. (hen sweat e'aporates) the sweat o!ecu!es a"sor"e& heat energy fro [$ our s,in# o!ecu!es

The heat energy is use& to wea,en inter o!ecu!ar forces "etween sweat so that they can change state (!i/ui& to gas)# $

d) why !oiling occurs at a fixed temperature whereas e#aporation happens at any temperature. 0uring "oi!ing) inter o!ecu!ar forces "etween a!! whereas) &uring e'aporation) on!y so e energetic e'aporates# o!ecu!es are wea,ene&) $1% o!ecu!es at the surface $1%

[$

*or an ideal gas" (a) +efine internal energy. [1

Interna! energy of a gas consist of the potentia! energy an& ,inetic energy of the o!ecu!es#

(!)

,tate and explain how the internal energy and the temperature (in -el#in) is related. [1 K#- of o!ecu!es is &irect!y proportiona! to te perature (in Ke!'in)

( for i&ea! gas) can assu e P#- 1 2)

/reedy 0s Tan packed a packet of potato chips in her !ag !efore she started her ascend up 0ount E#erest. +educe what will happen to the pack of chips when 0s Tan finally reaches the summit1 Explain your deduction. [$ The "ag ay inf!ate an& fina!!y "urst3 $1%

(hen she ascen&s) the air pressure in the "ag &ecreases to e/ua!ise at ospheric pressure# Accor&ing to 4oy!e5s !aw) the 'o!u e of the gas trappe& in the "ag wi!! increase# $1%

3 student said that a piece of paper would fall on ground when released !ecause the atmospheric pressure forced the paper to fall down. &sing kinetic theory" determine whether the a!o#e statement is true. 6a!se# $1% At ospheric pressure acts on "oth si&es of the paper# This is "ecause it is cause& "y the "o "ar& ent of o!ecu!es on the paper) an& this happens on "oth si&es# $1% the pull of gra#ity (weight) caused the paper to fall down. [$

The diagram shows the main parts of a !icycle pump with the end !locked. The handle of the pump is lu!ricated and mo#a!le.

Explain" using kinetic theory" what happens to the gas pressure in the pu p when a) the handle is pushed outward. Pressure of gas &ecreases# $1% [$

The 'o!u e increases an& no# of o!ecu!es per unit 'o!u e &ecreases# Hence) the fre/uency of co!!isions of the gas o!ecu!es on the wa!!s &ecreases an& the a'erage force e*erte& on a unit area &ecreases# $1%

!) the pump is heated.

[$

The o!ecu!es are gain K#- an& are ore energetic# They co!!i&e with the wa!!s with ore force an& fre/uency of co!!ision a!so increases# $1% Hence) a'erage force e*erte& on a unit area increases (pressure increases)# $1%

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