Investigation:

Types of Chemical Reactions

Introduction:

There are four basic types of chemical reactions. This lab will introduce you to each of these reaction types. You will perform examples of each reaction type and write word equations and balanced chemical equations for each reaction performed.

Your Report must include: Purpose, Hypothesis (for each part), Reference to aterials and Procedure, !"" #bser$ation tables, %iscussion questions, &onclusion

Part 1: Synthesis Reactions:

The Combustion of

agnesium!

'. Hold a piece of ma(nesium ribbon with ton(s in the hottest part of the flame, but remo$e the ribbon from the flame as soon as the reaction starts. %# )#T "##* %+R,&T"Y !T TH, P+,&, #- !.),/+0 1H,) +T R,!&T/. 2. Record your obser$ations. Results: Starting aterial "escription of Starting aterial #bservations during Change "escription of Products

ma(nesium ribbon

oxy(en (as

Part $: "ecomposition Reactions: The "ecomposition of

agnesium Carbonate!

'. #btain one or two scoops of ma(nesium carbonate in a test tube. Record the appearance of the ma(nesium carbonate. 2. Record the mass of the test tube and ma(nesium carbonate. 3. ount the test tube in a nearly hori4ontal position and tap the test tube so that the ma(nesium carbonate lies alon( the side of the test tube and does not all remain at the bottom. 5. #btain a second test tube rou(hly 6 full of lime water. 7. .ently heat the mounted test tube, ma8in( sure to distribute the heat e$enly alon( the side of the tube underneath the ma(nesium carbonate. 9. Position the second test tube so that any (as produced in the reaction can :flow; into the lime water. !fter about four minutes of heatin(, stopper the lime water test tube and sha8e its contents. Record your obser$ations. <. Turn of the =unsen burner and allow the test tube to cool. >. 1hen the test tube is cool record the mass of the test tube and product. Results: Starting aterial magnesium Carbonate "escription of Starting aterial #bservations during Change %as Test "escription of Products

Part &: Single "isplacement Reactions

agnesium and 'cid!

'. !dd sulfuric acid (H2/#5 (aq)) to a test tube to a depth of about 2 cm. 2. !dd a few pieces of ma(nesium to the test tube. #bser$e the reaction and test the (as produced with a burnin( splint. Record your obser$ations. Results: Starting aterial a(nesium Pieces "escription of Starting aterial #bservations during Change %as Test "escription of Products

/ulfuric !cid

Part (: "ouble "isplacement Reactions

i)ing Solutions!

'. !dd two drops of each solution to the microtray wells a shown in the table below.

2. Record your obser$ations, notin( the appearance and colour of any product. 3. 1ash and clean up all lab materials as instructed by your teacher. 1ash your hands.

Results &opper (++) )itrate /odium Phosphate )ic8el (++) )itrate +ron (+++) )itrate

/odium &arbonate

/odium +odide

"iscussion *uestions '. 1rite a word equation !)% a balanced chemical equation for each of the reactions that you obser$ed in the in$esti(ation. 2. -or each of the reactions obser$ed, what e$idence is there that a chemical chan(e occurred? 3. +n the synthesis reaction, ma(nesium reacted with oxy(en to produce ma(nesium oxide. 1ould you expect the mass oft he product to be hea$ier or li(hter than the mass of the ma(nesium ribbon before the reaction? ,xplain. 5. +) the decomposition reaction, the ma(nesium carbonate was wei(hed before than after the reaction. 1ould you expect the mass of the ma(nesium carbonate after the reaction to be hea$ier or li(hter than it was before the reaction? ,xplain 7. a(nesium carbonate, when heated, decomposed into two products. #ne of these products was a (as. 1hat (as was produced? 1hat test was performed to determine this? 9. 1hen ma(nesium pieces reacted with sulfuric acid, a (as was produced. 1hat (as was produced? 1hat test was performed to determine this? <. ,ach of the double displacement reactions that you obser$ed produced two products. #f these two products, one was a precipitate. +f compounds that contain the nitrate ion ()#3@) are soluble, which product was the precipitate? (+ndicate the precipitate for each double displacement reaction).

>. %escribe all of the safety precautions that were ta8en durin( this lab.