Li-Fi

Li-Fi
Li-Fi , or "light fidelity", refers to wireless communication systems using light from light-emitting diodes as a medium instead of traditional radio frequencies, as in technology using the trademark Wi-Fi. Li-Fi is expected to be ten times cheaper than Wi-Fi. Li-Fi has the advantage of being able to be used in electromagnetic sensitive areas such as in aircraft and nuclear power plants without causing interference. The light waves cannot penetrate walls which makes a much shorter range, though more secure from hacking, relative to Wi-Fi.[1] While the US Federal Communications Commission has warned of a potential spectrum crisis because Wi-Fi is close to full capacity, Li-Fi has almost no limitations on capacity.[2] The visible light spectrum is 10,000 times larger than the entire radiofrequency spectrum.[3] Researchers have reached data rates of 3.5 Gbps and have set a goal of reaching 6 Gbps.[4] The Li-Fi market is projected to be worth over $6 billion per year by 2018. Low reliability and high installation costs are the potential drawbacks.[5]

Professor Harald Haas

Professor Harald Haas is widely recognised as the father of LiFi. He is Chair of Mobile Communications at the University of Edinburgh and co-founder of a spin-out company, pureLiFi.[6]

History
The general term visible light communication (VLC), includes any use of the visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit information. The term Li-Fi was coined by Harald Haas from the University of Edinburgh in the UK. The D-Light project at Edinburgh's Institute for Digital Communications was funded from January 2010 to January 2012. Haas promoted this technology in his 2011 TED Global talk and helped start a company to market it. PureVLC is an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) firm set up to commercialize Li-Fi products for integration with existing LED-lighting systems. In October 2011, companies and industry groups formed the Li-Fi Consortium, to promote high-speed optical wireless systems and to overcome the limited amount of radio-based wireless spectrum available by exploiting a completely different part of the electromagnetic spectrum. A number of companies offer uni-directional VLC products. VLC technology was exhibited in 2012 using Li-Fi. By August 2013, data rates of over 1.6 Gbps were demonstrated over a single color LED. In September 2013, a press release said that Li-Fi, or VLC systems in general, do not require line-of-sight conditions. In October 2013, it was reported Chinese manufacturers were working on Li-Fi development kits. VLC communication is modeled after communication protocols established by the IEEE 802 workgroup. This standard defines the physical layer (PHY) and media access control (MAC) layer. The standard is able to deliver enough data rates to transmit audio, video and multimedia services. It takes count of the optical transmission mobility, its compatibility with artificial lighting present in infrastructures, the defiance which may be caused by interference generated by the ambient lighting. The MAC layer allows to use the link with the other layers like the TCP/IP protocol.[citation needed] The standard defines three PHY layers with different rates: The PHY I was established for outdoor application and works from 11.67 kbit/s to 267.6 kbit/s. The PHY II layer allows to reach data rates from 1.25 Mbit/s to 96 Mbit/s. The PHY III is used for many emissions sources with a particular modulation method called color shift keying (CSK). PHY III can deliver rates from 12 Mbit/s to 96 Mbit/s.[7]

Li-Fi The modulations formats preconized for PHY I and PHY II are the coding on-off keying (OOK) and variable pulse position modulation (VPPM). The Manchester coding used for the PHY I and PHY II layers include the clock inside the transmitted data by representing a logic 0 with an OOK symbol "01" and a logic 1 with an OOK symbol "10", all with a DC component. The DC component avoids the light extinction in case of an extended line of logic 0.[citation
needed]

Optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (O-OFDM) modulation methods were modeled for data rates, multiple-access and energy efficiency.

References
[1] Li-Fi Internet at the Speed of Light (http:/ / the-gadgeteer. com/ 2011/ 08/ 29/ li-fi-internet-at-the-speed-of-light/ ), by Ian Lim, the gadgeteer, dated 29 August 2011. [2] THE FUTURES BRIGHT THE FUTURES LI-FI (http:/ / caledonianmercury. com/ 2013/ 11/ 29/ the-futures-bright-the-futures-li-fi/ 0043351), Calendonian Mercury, 29 November 2013 [3] High-speed wireless networking using visible light (https:/ / spie. org/ x93593. xml), Spie, Harald Haas, 19 April 2013 [4] NI, UEdinburgh Partner on LiFi (http:/ / www. photonics. com/ Article. aspx?AID=55375), photonics.com, 22 November 2013 [5] Visible Light Communication (VLC)/Li-Fi Technology Market worth $6,138.02 Million - 2018 (http:/ / www. international. to/ index. php?option=com_content& view=article& id=13048:visible-light-communication-(vlc)-li-fi-technology-market-worth-$6-138-02-million-2018& catid=309:pitchengine& Itemid=446), New International, 13 November 2013 [6] THE FUTURES BRIGHT THE FUTURES LI-FI (http:/ / caledonianmercury. com/ 2013/ 11/ 29/ the-futures-bright-the-futures-li-fi/ 0043351), Calendonian Mercury, 29 November 2013 [7] An IEEE Standard for Visible Light Communications (http:/ / visiblelightcomm. com/ an-ieee-standard-for-visible-light-communications/ ) visiblelightcomm.com, dated April 2011.

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

Li-Fi Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=585238500 Contributors: 4th-otaku, ASGdev, Alan Liefting, Bgwhite, Edoardo C. Morandotti, Flyer22, Gareth Griffith-Jones, Gordonpovey, Harryzilber, Jantangring, Jawajirajani, Jpbowen, Lihaas, Luis Corts Barbado, Maheyoung, Nen, Nikola.serafimovski, Ohconfucius, Rhinestone K, Rod57, SFK2, Suid-Afrikaanse, Teapeat, Vegaswikian, Vegaswikian1, W Nowicki, Wyn.junior, Zearin, 23 anonymous edits

License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/