Chapter 14 Free Response Answers:

1. Calculate the pH of 5.00 mL of 1.5 M hydrochloric acid diluted to 100. mL.

2.

Indicate whether the following solution is acidic, basic, or neutral: [H+1] = 1.5 x 1010 M.

3.

Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the following reaction: NH21 (aq) + H2O (l) NH3 (aq) + OH1 (aq)

4.

Citric acid, H3C6H5O7, is present in citrus fruits. Calculate the pH of a 0.050 M solution of citric acid. Explain any approximations or assumptions that you make in your calculations. Ka1 = 3.5 x 104, Ka2 = 1.7 x 105, and Ka3 = 4.0 x 107.

5.

Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base in the following reaction: Fe(ClO4)3 (s) + 6 H2O (l) Fe(H2O)6+3 (aq) + 3 ClO41 (aq)

6.

At normal body temperature, 37C, Kw = 2.4 x 1014. Calculate [H+1], [OH1], pH and pOH for a neutral aqueous solution at this temperature.

7.

Determine the nature of magnesium sulfite when dissolved in water. (Is it acidic, basic, or neutral). Explain.

8.

Calculate the percent ionization of hydroazoic acid, HN3, in solutions of the following concentrations: 0.400 M and 0.100 M. Ka = 1.9 x 105.

9.

Calculate the pH of a 0.050 M solution of ethylamine, C2H5NH2. Kb = 6.4 x 104.

10.

Write the balanced net ionic equation and the base-dissociation-constant expression for the reaction of the formate ion, CHO21 (a weak base) with water.

11.

Codeine, C18H21NO3, is a weak organic base. A 5.0 x 103 M solution of codeine has a pH of 9.95. Calculate the value of Kb for this substance.

12.

How many grams of potassium hydroxide are necessary to prepare 800. mL of a solution of pH = 11.56?

Use the following information for questions 13-15. Acrylic acid (CH2-CHCO2H) is a precursor for many important plastics. Ka for acrylic acid is 5.6 x 105. 13. Calculate the pH of a 0.10 M solution of acrylic acid.

14.

Calculate the percent dissociation of a 0.10 M solution of acrylic acid.

15.

Calculate the pH of a 0.050 M solution of sodium acrylate (NaC3H3O2.)

16.

Tartaric acid is found in many plants (grapes, for example). It is partly responsible for the dry texture of certain wines. Calculate the pH of a 0.025 M solution of tartaric acid. (Ka1 = 1.0 x 103 and Ka2 = 4.6 x 105.) Explain any approximations that you may make.

17.

Find the pH of a 0.15 M solution of methylamine, NH2CH3. (Kb = 4.4 x 104)

18. Calculate the pH and pOH of a 0.030 M solution of oxalic acid. (Ka1 = 6.5 x 102 and Ka2 = 6.1 x 105.) Explain any approximations that you may make.

19. Hemoglobin (abbreviated Hb) is a protein that is responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood of mammals. Each hemoglobin molecule contains four iron atoms that are the binding sites for O2 molecules. The oxygen binding is pH dependent. The relevant equilibrium reaction is HbH4+4 + 4 O2 <--> Hb(O2)4 + 4 H+1 Use LeChteliers principle to answer the following: a. What form of hemoglobin, HbH4+4 or Hb(O2)4 is favored in the lungs? What form is favored in the cells? b. When a person hyperventilates, the concentration of CO2 in the blood is decreased. CO2 is a weak acid in the reaction: CO2 + H2O <--> HCO31 + H+1 How does this affect the oxygen-binding equilibrium? How does breathing into a paper bag help to counteract this effect? c. When a person has suffered a cardiac arrest, injection of a sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution is given. Why is this necessary?