AIPMT 2011 ANALYSIS

We hope you have done in AIPMT conducted on 3rd April, 2011. There were four versions of the Question papers, A, B, C & D. In different versions the orders of the subjects were also different. The order of the answer choices were also jumbled in different versions. The answer key for all the four versions are given here. In addition to this, detailed solution of version D is also included.

KEY AND SOLUTION FOR AIPMT -PRELIMS-2011 Solutions for Version -D

NOTE: The terms Easy (E), Medium: (M), and Difficult: (D) are based on the following points EASY (E):Easy Questions are defined as those questions that can be answered by a student who knows the concept under question. It is a direct application of the concept. A student is expected to have attempted all the EASY Category Questions. MEDIUM (M):Medium Difficulty Questions are those questions that may involve more than one concept. A wellprepared student should be able to identify at least 75% of these and solve them correctly. DIFFICULT (D):Difficult Questions are those questions which definitely involve multiple concepts and are tricky. The students may be led to think away from the ideal method of problem solving. It will require good effort even from the well prepared student to identify the Difficult ones and categorize them accordingly.

Code A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

KEY 4 3 3 4 3 2 1 4 3 3 3 1 2 1 4

Code B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

KEY
2 2 3 2 1 4 2 2 3 4 2 3 1 3 3

Code C
1 2 3 4 5

KEY
2 3 4 4 4

6 7 8
9

2 3 2
4

10
11 12 13 14

2
2 2 3 3

15

Code D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

KEY
4 3 1 3 2 1 3 4 2 4 2 2 2 1 2

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

4 1 4 3 3 3 4 2 2 3 2 1 3 1 1 2 2 4 4 2 1 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 1 4 4 2 4 1 1
3 3 3 1

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

2 2 1 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 4 3 3 1 3 1 3 4 1 4 3 2 3 2 1 1 4

16
17

3
3

18
19

1
4

20
21 22 23 24 25

4
3 1 4 1 4

26
27

3
3

28
29

2
4

30
31 32 33 34 35

4
2 2 2& 4 3 3

36 37 38 39
40

2 4 1 2
4

41 42
43

4 4
1

44
45 46 47 48

2
1 2 4 1

49
50

4
3

52 53
54

3 2
2

51 52
53 54

3 2
4 2

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

2 1 1 4 4 3 1 2 1 2 2 4 3 3 1 3 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 1 1 3 4 4 1 3 1 4 4 2 1
3 3 3 1

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

3 3 4 4 1 1 4 3 2 1 3 3 4 1 4 2 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 4 3 2 4 4 2 3 2 1 2 2 4 3 3 4 3 3

55
56 57

2
3 1

55 56 57
58

1 4 2
4

58
59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66

4
4 2 2 2& 4 1 4 3 2

59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67

3 1
1 2 4 2 3 4 2

67 68
69 70 71 72 73 74 75

4 4
2 1 2 1 4 3 4

68
69 70

2
1 2

71 72
73 74 75

3 3
3 4 1

76 77 78 79 80 81 82
83 84

2 2 4 4 2 2 4
4 3

76 77 78 79
80 81

2 3 2 2
4 1

82
83

2
4

84
85

1
2

85
86 87 88

3
3 4 1

86
87 88 89 90 91 92

4
3 3 4 4 3 2

89
90

4
2

91 92
93 94

1 3
1 1

93
94

2
2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

3 1 1 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 3 1 3 4 1 3 3 4 1 1 4 2 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 4 3 4 1 1 1 1

95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133

2 2 3 3 4 3

95
96 97

4
3 4

95 96 97

3 1 1

98 99 100
101

4 2 1
2

1 3 3
2

102
103

2
2

104
105 106

4
3 2

1 1
3 1 4 1 3 1

107
108 109

2
1 2

110
111 112 113

2
3 1 1

1
3 2

114
115 116 117

4
4 4 2

1
1& 3 2 3 1 2 4 3 3

118 119 120 121

122

2 1 4 4
3

123
124 125 126

3
4 1 2

2
4 3 2

127 128
129 130 131

4 2
1 1 4

4
3 4 1 2

132
133

1
4

98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133

4 2 4 3 1 4 1 1 4 4 2 3 3 4 2 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 1 1 1 4 2

95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133

1 1 4 3 4 4 3 2 1 3 4 3 3 1 1 3 2 1& 3 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 2 1 4 3 3 3 1 3 2

134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172

4 3 3

134
135

1
2

136
137 138 139

4
3 2 1

4 1 1
3 2 3

140 141
142

1 1
1

2
1

143
144 145 146 147 148

2
4 2 3 2 2

1 1
3 3

2 3
3 2 3 4 1 3

149
150

3
2

134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172

1 3 2 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 4 1 1 4 3
4 3 3 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 4 3 1 4 3 1 3 2 4 1 4

3
1

1
1 3

4 4 3
1 4

2
3

3 2 1 3

151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172

4 2 4 2 1 4 2 2 3 3 2 1 4 1 1 2 2 3 4 2 4 3

134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172

1 3 4 3 4 2 1 4 4 2 1 3 4 4 4 4 1 2 1 1 4 1 3 1 4 4 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 2 4

173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200

1
1 1 2

2
2

3 1
2 3 2

1 3 3
4 4

4
2

3 1
2 2

2
4

1
1 4

173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200

2 3 2 1 4 1 3 4 4 2 1 3 3 1 1 3 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 4 1 3

173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200

4 3 4 3 4 4 2 1 1 3 1 3 4 2 4 3 2 3 1 4 1 4 4 1 2 3 1 4

173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200

1 1 2 2 4 4 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 4 1 3 4 2 1 4 4 1 4 1

Di f f i cul t y Lev el Sl . No. Key Sol ut i on Chapt erNam e E

1 mv 2 = eV 2 v V Basic knowledge and definition h p= c Modern Physics Electronics Modern Physics

Rem ar ks M D

1 2 3

4
3 1

KE = =
a = r =

p2 2M
h2 2 2 Mc 2
2

4 2r
Dynamics Circular Motion

T2 r = 0.05 m T = 0.2 s 2 a = 5 m s
Assume P = 1000 W (Instead of 1000 kW) Energy /hour = 1000 3600 J Energy /fission = 200 MeV 13 = 200 1.6 10 J n = No. of fission /hour 1000 3600 = 200 1.6 10 13 n No. of mole /hour = N n Mass /hour = 235 gram N 1000 3600 235 = 200 1.6 10 13 6.02 1023 6 = 43.9 10 g 40 g
N 1 = N0 2
t/ T1 /2

Modern Physics

If we take P= 1000 kW, no answer is correct.

1 1 50 = 16 2 t = 200 years U = Energy density volume 1 = 0E2 Ad 2 3 2 = 2t 6t = 12t 12 dt 2 Where = 0, = 0 t =1 s =

Modern Physics

Electrostatics and Capacitors

d2

Rotational dynamics

10

P 36 = =2 A R 9 i R 29 =3 A i6 = 9 = 6 6 = i9 + i6 = 2 + 3 = 5 A V2 = . R2 = 5 2 = 10 V 1 = (t + kx + 0.57) 2 = + t + kx 2
i9 =

Current Electricity

Waves

11 12

2 2

= 2 1 = 1 rad KEmax = eV KEmax V= e = 0.5 volt T = (M + m) (g + a)

Modern Physics Laws of motion

13

= (940 + 60) (10 + 1) = 11,000 N 2 2 y = 1 + t + t is not periodic. 3 y = sin t is periodic but not SHM. 2 AA = CM + M
L = 0 + M 2 = 0 +
ML 4
2

Oscillations

14

Rotational dynamics

15

Antimony is pentavalent N-type semiconductor excess free electrons v1 f = 1 1 ;But (f1 = f2) v 2 2 f2

Electronics and Semiconductors

16

v2 v1 2 = 1 10 = 101 KEmax = h h0 1 = mv 2 2

2 = 1

Waves

17

v12 v2
2

(2.5 0.5)
1 1 = 4 2

(1 0.5)

1 4

Modern Physics

v1 = v2

18

2[r + 2] = 0.5 [r + 9] 1.5r = 0.5 1 r= 3

EBc i j=k

Current Electricity

19

(Poynting vector is in the direction of EB )

EM Waves

20

Potential V(x) vs x is parabolic SHM, starting from extreme position x vs t cosine curve

SHM

Question need to be rephrased as A particle of mass m is released from rest and its potential V(x) at position x is parabolic as shown in figure.

S =

21

Q T m.L 1000 80 cal = = 273 K 273

1

Heat & Thermodynami cs

22

= 293 cal K mvr = L is conserved v1r1 = v2r2

Gravitation

v1 r2 = v 2 r1 23 24 25 2 1
2

q remains same. 0

Electrostatics
Thermoelectric ity Modern Physics Modern Physics

dE = 0 at neutral temperature d Basic knowledge m (m 4) n n 2 + (2 1) =n

26

)X (m 4n

27

Feeble attraction paramagnetic Feeble repulsion diamagnetic Strong attraction ferromagnetic

Magnetism

In Physics, an expanding gas does positive work. Hence question is not correct. However, if we take work done by expanding gas as negative (followed in some conventions ) then this answer is correct)

28

W = 150 J Q = +150 J (See remark)

Heat & Thermodynami cs

29

Minimum frequency photoelectric emission =

needed

for

Modern Physics

2 becomes half of 1. The usage decreases by 2 times is not correct.

12.27 V

A
Modern Physics

30

2 = 1

V1 V2

31

25 = 1 100 2 Erms = 200 V 1 4 XC = = 10 6 1 10 100 E 200 irms = rms = 4 XC 10

= 1 = 2 10 A = 20 mA
2

v = 2 gh

32

33

= 2 10 20 1 = 20 m s P = F.v v & F are maximum near the surface

of Earth v and F in same direction, when stone hits the Earth.

Kinematics

Work Power Energy

34

35

VA = 2 Vpositive + 2 Vnegative = V1 V2 only choice (2) 1 c= 0 0

a= v 2 v1 t
2 v2 2 + v1 2v 2v1 cos

Electrostatics Units & Dimensions

36

a=

Kinematics

t 50 2 = 5 m s 10 Since is not given, solution cannot be found.

37

Assuming = 1.5, f = 20 cm. Object between f and 2f. Real image, inverted, magnified Option (2)
1 1 1 1 R 2 2 = RZ2 2 2 2 4 2 1 Z=2 Basic knowledge U = W agent U = W conservative force Biasing of PN junction = 45 for maximum range

Ray Optics

38 39 40 41

3
1 1 3

Modern Physics Ray Optics Work Energy Power Electronics & Semiconductor s

42

Rmax =

u2 g

Kinematics

43

44

20 20 = 40 m = 10 d E= dt E is independent of time and T negative from t = 0 and t = 4 Option (4) X L tan = L = R R 3 =1 = 3 rad 4 Work done = Area of F-x graph 1 = 2 (7 3) + 2 (12 7) 2 =8+ 5 = 13 J FAB = 0 =
FAB + F BC + F CA = 0

EMI

AC

45

Work, Power, Energy

46 47

1
4

FCA = FBC = F
Basic knowledge (20 10) mA = C = B (300 100 ) A =

Magnetic Effects Electric Current EM Waves

of

48

10 10 3 200 10 6

= 50

Electronics and Semiconductor s

49 50 51 52 53

2 1
3 3 3

J = p
= 2 MV Fe = e E Speed decreases It is the palindromic preferred by EcoRI
sequence

Work, Power, Energy

Electromagneti sm Biotechnology Plant Kingdom Morphology of Flowering Plants Body fluids and Circulation Biotechnology Organisms and Populations Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Biotechnology

Gametophyte of a pteridophyte is also known as prothallus Flower is shoot modification of shoot Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Pulmonary arteries are not always carrying oxygenated blood. In EcoRI co stands for species name from which the enzyme is isolated. a and c are the adaptations of desert lizards. Jaya and Ratna are the semi dwarf varieties of rice developed in India. Agarose is used in Agarose gel electrophoresis. Lecithin is a phospholipid in plasma membrane. Adenine is a nitrogen base not a nucleotide. Uracil is not a component of DNA. ELISA is used for the diagnosis of AIDS. Secondary succession occurs in an already inhabited but abandoned areas. It directs the male gamete towards the egg. Green house gases are CO2 (60%) Methane (20%) CFC (14%) N2O (6%). IUCN is International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Nucleosome appears like beads on a string structure. Pyramid of energy is always upright. Option 1 is correctly matched. Up to first trimester (12 weeks) is safe for MTP. Pinus is a gymnosperm. Insects are the most species in the biosphere. abundant

54

55 56

3 1

57

58

59

Biomolecules Human Health and Disease Ecosystem Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Environmental Issues Biodiversity Molecular Basis of Inheritance Ecosystem Chemical Coordination and Integration Reproductive Health Plant Kingdom Biodiversity Body Fluids and Circulation Chemical Co-

60 61

4 3

62

63

64

65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

2 2 1 1

3
1 3 4

Pressure above 140/ 90 harm vital organs like brain and kidney. Option 4 is correctly matched.

73

Typhlosole extends from 26 to 95 segment in Pheretima. Eyes of potato are axillary buds.

th

74

75 76 77

3 4 1

Archaebacteria like methanogens acts on sewage and produce marsh gas (Methane). Cough while eating is due to improper movement of epiglottis. Alveoli acts as main site of exchange of gases. Retetestis and vasa efferentia are the ducts inside the testis and epidydims, vasdeferens found outside the testis. Gl omus is the genus of fungus forming mycorrhiza and helps in phosphorous absorption by plants. Large sized climbers are seen in tropical forests Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are present in the ligning of fallopian tubes and bronchioles. Blood group O is called universal donor. IUD s are most commonly used contraceptive devices in India. CAM pathway operates in monocots like maize and helps to conserve water. Leghaemoglobin in plants acts as an oxygen scavanger. Bundle of his is a part of conducting system of human heart. Organisms like methanogens are most abundant in cattle yard. In human adults rennin absent and pepsin initiates milk digestion. Rhodopsin is a derivative of vitamin A RNA interference is also known as mRNA silencing is a part of natural defensive mechanism in eukaryotes. E.c ol i is a prokaryote. XO condition in humans is turners syndrome in grass hopper XO are femles. Maximum number of existing transgenic animals are Mic e. There are 50,000 varieteies of rice in India. For the production of antibiotics sugar is to be continuously added. Aleurone cells are triploid so the

ordination and Integration Structural Organisation in Animals Morphology of Flowering Plants Microbes in Human Welfare Digestion and Absorption Breathing and Exchange of Gases Human Reproduction Strategies Food Production in

78

79 80

4 2

Organism and Population Structural Organisation in Animals Principles of Inheritance and Variations Reproductive Health Organisms and Population Mineral Nutrition Body fluids and Circulation Microbes and Human Welfare Digestion and Absorption Neural control and Coordination Biotechnology Biological Classification Principles of Inheritance and Variations Biotechnology Biodiversity Biotechnology Reproduction

81

82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89

2 3 4 1 1 1 4 3

90 91 92 93 94 95 96

4 1 1 1 1 1 1

chromosome number is 63. Converts atmospheric nitrogen to nitrogen compounds. It is perfomed by aerobic organisms.

97

98

99

Agrobacterium is called as Nature s genetic Engineer Standing state refers to amount of inorganic substances available in the ecosystem. Enzyme thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin In declining populations, prereproductive groups are lesser than the reproductive group. Golgi bodies are involved in protein and lipid concentration Gizzard acts as the grinding machine of cockroach. Mandibles are the part of cutting and chewing mouth parts of cockroaches. The epithelial cells of Bowman s capsule are called podocytes. Sexual dimorphism is distinct in As c arisl umbric oid s . The plane of alignment of the chromosomes at metaphase is known as the metaphase plate. Germplasm collection is one of the major steps in plant breeding programme. Chilli coming solanaceae. under the family

in Flowering Plants Mineral Nutrition in Plants Microbes in Human Welfare Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Ecosystem Body Fluids and Circulation Organism and Population Cell; The Unit of Life Structural Organisation in Animals Excretory Products and Elimination Animal Kingdom Cell Division Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Morphology of Flowering Plants Biotechnology Ecosystem Mineral Nutrition Microbes in Human Welfare Body Fluids and Circulation Organisms and Population Human Health and Diseases Environmental Issues Anatomy of Flowering Plants Human Reproduction

100 101 102 103

4 3 2 1

104

105 106 107

4 3 3

108

109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

1 3 2 1/ 3 4 2 2 2 2 1

119

Molasses Fermented byproducts in sugar industry. 400 700 nm is PAR. Sulphur and calcium are immobile PAR elements. Sac c haromy c esc erev is iae is used for fermenting malted cereals and fruit juices to produce ethanol. About 97% of oxygen is transported in the form of oxy-haemoglobin. In parasitism, one species get benefit and other one is harmed. Helper cells inturn activates both B lymphocytes and cytotoxic Tlymphocytes. Methyl isocyanate is not a radio active substance. Ground tissue consists of simple tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells. Option 1 shows the correctly matched parts of female reproductive system.

120 121

1 1

Eutrophication is the natural ageing of lake by nutrient enrichment. Zygomorphic flowers are the characteristic feature of family Fabaceae. A drupe is developed from monocarpellary superior ovaries and are one seeded fruit with hard endocarp. 23S rRNA is involved in the formation of peptide bond during translation. The evolution of modern man appears to parallel evolution of human brain and language. Ribosomes are the membraneless ribonucleoprotein structures concerned with protein synthesis. Salamandra is the tailed amphibia with limbs. Tiger Speices) Panthera tigris (Genus,

Environmental Issues Morphology of Flowering Plants Morphology of Flowering Plants Molecular Basis Inheritance Evolution of

122

123

124

125

Cell; The Unit of Life Animal Kingdom Biological Classification Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Anatomy of Flowering Plants Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Excretory Products and Elimination Strategies Food Production Animal Kingdom Human Health and Disease in

126 127

1 4

128

In plants, mutations can be artificially induced by using the gamma radiations. The guard cells possess chloroplasts and regulate the opening and closing of stomata. Wind pollination (Anemophily) common in grasses. is

129

130

131

132

133 134 135

2 1 3

Renal pyramids are present in the medullary region of kidney, where as convoluted tubules are located at the cortical region. Himgiri is a hybrid variety of wheat that shows resistivity towards Hill bunt. Chondrichthyes are marine animals and have cartilagenous endoskeleton, with streamlined body. Tears consists of lysozyme enzyme. It is more permeable to K ion and + nearly impermeable to Na . Polyembryony refers to presence of move than one embyyo inside the seeds. Ribosomes are the synthesising units of the cell. protein
+

136

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Biomolecules Strategies Food Production Anatomy Flowering Plants Biomolecules in

137 138

3 4

Hybrid vigour is known as heterosis. Periderm consists of phellogen and phelloderm. phellum,

of

139 140

2 1

The curve represents relationship between enzyme s and temperature.

141 142 143 144

4 4 2 1

145

146

147 148 149 150

4 4 4 1

Excretory Products and Elimination Maintain a temperature 2C lesser Human than body temperature. Reproduction Strategies in Rhiz obium is pres en t in l eg u minous Food pl ants . Production Biological Puc c inia is rust fungus. Classification Sexual Reproduction Cleistogamy flowers do not open. in Flowering Plants Morphology of Peach exhibits perigynous ovary. Flowering Plants Excretory Less water in the body stimulates the products and production of ADH. Elimination Marc hanita exhibits heterothallism. Plant Kingdom In reptiles and birds the excretory matter is uric acid. Sporozoites of malarial parasite is seen in the saliva of infected female anopheles mosquito. Cyanobacteria present in the corolloid roots of cycas. Lowest reduction potential highest reducing power C2 and C3 atoms are sp hybridised The reducing agent used in Clemmensen reduction is Zn Hg and HCl Human Health and Disease Plant Kingdom

151 152

2 1

153

Electrochemist ry Basic Pinciples of organic chemistry Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids States Matter of

PN2 = XN2 .P
154 4 = 0.5 1 = 0.5 atm CH3
CH3 C H
CH3 CH3 C H CH CH3 1, 2-shift of H

CH OH

CH3

H+

CH 3

155

CH3

CH2

CH3

Alcohols, phenols and ethers

CH3 CH3 C CH (A) CH3 HBr

CH 3 CH3 C Br CH 2 (C) CH3

156

157

x P T m Tf = i Kf m 3.82 142 45 i= 1.86 5 1000 = 2.63

and NO are sp hybridised NO2 3
2 2+

Surface Chemistry

Solutions Chemical Bonding Co-ordination compounds dBlock Elements Solutions Biomolecules

158 159

4 4

160

161 162

2 2

163

164 165 166

1 1 1

Mn has five unpaired electrons, H2O is a weak field ligand 3+ Co is a stronger oxidizing agent 3+ than Mn 3+ Fe is a milder oxidizing agent 2+ Cr is strongly reducing For dissociation, i > 1 For association, i < 1 (+) Lactose is a reducing sugar and it exhibits mutarotation G = nFE When E is negative, then G >0 RT E = InK nF When E is negative, then x K = 10 which is less than one. Diphenyl hydramine (benadryl) is used as an antihistamine Pig iron contain 4% carbon. It is the major impurity. [Ni(CN)4]
2

Electrochemist ry

Chemistry in everyday life Metallurgy Co-ordination compounds Electrochemist ry

is diamagnetic

167

168

169 170 171 172

3 4 2 4

173

E nE 2+ + Cu + e Cu 0.15 0.15 + 0.50 0.50 Cu + e Cu 2+ 0.325 0.65 Cu + 2e Cu H S = T 30000 1 = mol J 300 K 1 -1 = 100 J mol K Order can also have fractional values C H : 0.109 nm C = C : 0.134 nm C O : 0.143 nm C C : 0.154 nm BF3 is electron deficient Terylene is a polyester [Salt] pOH = pKb + log [Base] 5 = [log 1.8 10 1.5] 5 = log 2.7 10 = 5 0.43 pH = 14 (5 0.43) = 9.43
0 0 E0 cell = Eox + Ered = 0.74 + 0.15 = 0.89 V

Thermodynami cs

Kinetics Basic concepts in organic chemistry Equilibrium Polymers

Equilibrium

174

Electrochemist ry

COOH
SOCl2

COCl
NH3

Br

Br (B)

175

(A)

CONH 2
NaOH Br 2

N2

Amines

176

Br Br (C) In pyrosilicate only one oxygen atom is shared

1 2 5

pBlock elements

177

4 6

Hydrocarbons

4-Ethyl-3-propylhex-1-ene

178

Reduction of nitrobenzene with Zn/ NH4Cl (neutral medium) gives phenyl hydroxylamine For an adiabatic process, q = 0 and For free expansion, w = 0 T = 0 H = 869.6 kJ 2H2(g) 4H(g) H2(g) 2H(g) H = 434.8 kJ
tA = tB MA MB 49 MB

Amines Thermodynami cs Thermodynamics

Not i ncl uded i n t he pr es ent sy l l abus

179 180

2 2

181

1
2=

States of Matter

MB = 12.25 u

182 183 184 185 186

2 1 2 2 1

They are co-ordination isomers Zr & Ti are purified by van Arkel method Reaction of alkyl halide with ammonia to form amine is a nucleophilic substitution reaction CaI2 is most covalent and has the lowest melting point. 2 Maximum no. of electrons = 2n Maximum number of atomic orbitals 2 = n = 16 CH3

Co-ordination compounds Metallurgy Haloalkanes and haloarenes Chemical bonding Atomic Structure

187

OH (o-cresol) Phenolic group highly activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution

Alcohols, phenols and ethers

188

V1 T1 = V2 T2 = 2 = 1.4

States Matter

of

V0 = 189 1

700 55 273 300 760

190

191

% of N = 28 700 55 273 100 22400 0.35 300 760 = 16.45 There are three geometrical isomers. The complex is square planar and is of the type [M(abcd)] 1.0 molal aq. soln 1.0 mole in 1000 g water Mole fraction of solute 1 = 0.0177 = 1 + 55.5 Reaction is exothermic and the no. of moles of gaseous products is less than that of the reactants the forward reaction is favoured at high pressure and low temperature Na2S and NaCN, if present in the extract, will be decomposed to H2S and HCN by HNO3. These will escape from the solution and will not interfere with the test for halogens 2NO K1 N2 + O2 2NO + O2 2NO2 K2 N2 + 2O2 2NO2 K1 K2 NO2
E1 2 = E2 1 1 = 2 2 1 Minimum bond length Maximum bond order
+ Bond order is the highest for O2 2 is reduced to Cr Cr2O7
3+

Basic concepts of organic chemistry

Coordination compounds

Solutions

192

Equilibrium

193

Basic concepts of organic chemistry

194

1 N2 + O2 2

1 2 K1K 2
Atomic Structure

Equilibrium

195

196

Chemical Bonding d & fblock elements Environmental chemistry Atomic Structure pblock elements

197 198 199 200

4 1 4 1

Growth of fish is inhibited if concentration of D.O is below 6 ppm 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p Ca(OCl)2 in bleaching powder releases chlorine