Stoichiometry and Measurements Lab

U n i t

4 : S t o i c h i o m e t r y

Introduction to Lab Problem Astronauts in the space station need to produce 0.200 mol of calcium carbonate for a certain experiment they are performing. To do this, they combine sodium carbonate and calcium nitrate in a double replacement reaction. This means 0.200 mole of Na 2CO3 is needed. t is then !eighed out and dissol"ed in !ater to form a solution of sodium carbonate. (a) Write an equation to show what happens when this solid dissolves in water. (b) Find the mass of Na2CO3 needed.

0.200 mole of calcium nitrate is needed. t is also !eighed and dissol"ed in !ater to form a calcium nitrate solution. (a) Write an equation to show what happens when this solid dissolves in water. (b) Find the mass of a(!"#)$ needed

The sodium carbonate solution is mixed !ith the calcium nitrate solution. (a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.

(b) State the type of reaction. (c) %s there a limitin& reactant' %f so( determine the limitin& reactant.

(c) What process would you use to separate the solid product' (d) Find the theoretical masses of both products obtained in this reaction.

(e) %f only #.4)& of calcium carbonate forms( calculate the percenta&e yield and percent error.
!"*+: /)), , yield - actual mass predicted mass . /)), , error - predicted mass0 actual mass predicted mass .

Stoichiometry Lab

1s a doctor in the hospital( your patient needs /.#2 & of barium sulfate for the production of his 3life savin&3 medicine. 4ou 5now that every time you conduct this reaction( you &et a 67.2, yield. *he chemicals that you have to wor5 with are sodium sulfate and barium nitrate. (they are very e.pensive( so use the minimum amount needed) 8escribe fully what you are &oin& to do. 8raw in the followin&:

9arium sulfate + Sodium nitrate 9

Sodium sulfate 1

9arium nitrate

9arium sulfate 8 %nitial bea5er Filterin& "b:ect 9ea5er for 9a(!"#)$ 9ea5er for !aS"4 Filter paper 9ea5er with 9a(!"#)$ 9ea5er with !aS"4 9a(!"#)$ !aS"4 1fter solutions are combined

Sodium nitrate F

;ass (&) <<.464 <6.$7# /./64 <6.7=) <=.//) /.2)< ).=/6

Pre-lab: Questions to address prior to starting lab /. >ow much of the reactants will you need to measure out' $. >ow much water should you add to the bea5er' #. *o separate the solid from the liquid( you will need to filter. What is in the filter paper' Should you mass the filter paper before hand' Why' 4. >ow will you collect the aqueous product' 8oes this need to be measured' 2. Where are some places where you mi&ht lose some of your product' >ow can you ma.imi?e your percent yield and minimi?e your percent error' 9efore be&innin&( include all calculations necessary to be&in your procedure. 8raw a data table necessary to collect the data. 9e careful to thin5 of all data necessary to collect and include this in your table. (if you for&et somethin&( you can always repeat the lab) Analysis and Discussion: 1s you collect your data( include a calculation of the percent yield and percent error( sources of error( will your patient have enou&h for his medicine( what improvements would you ma5e to your procedure for ne.t time.

>onors

hemistry @ab Stoichiometry and ;easurement @19 9@"A BU9B%

Aroup ;embers CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC *itleDpurpose CCCCCD / ;aterials CCCCCD / onclusion statement CCCCCD / oncludin& statement at the end of the report summari?es your lab findin&s and refers bac5 to purpose. @ab clean CCCCCD $
+.cellent Eery Aood 2 4.2 Procedure: (past tense( para&raph format( no use of F%G or FweG) 0 with rationale related to the FHuestions to be addressed F from pre0lab Show all calculations in your lo&ic of the masses of reactants used %s the amount of water important' Why not' Why did you mass the filter paper andDor the bea5er' Data tables with titles and labels e&) *able /: ;asses of I "!@4 relevant data provided in the data table (for e.ample( do you need the mass of the bea5er that you mi.ed the reactants in' 8id you use that mass in your calculations' %f not( donJt include itK) Beaction described (reactants and products) Analysis of data Show calculations of actual yield alculations to determine percent yield and percent error for each product. (with attention to si& fi&s from data) Discussion 1: What was the theory behind your lab' What techniques were used' Why' What chemical concepts helped you to produce the products' 8id you &et close to /)), yield' Will your patient survive' %s your yield too hi&h or low' What affected your yield for each' (be specific in your error analysis L to coincide with your results (hi&h or low)). Discussion : What would you differently ne.t time. Mropose three feasible improvements to this lab. What did you learn from the lab' What other real life application can you apply this to' Aood 4 1vera&e 9elow #.2 1vera&e #0)

D#2 points