Evaluating Airliner MANPADS Protection

42nd Annual AOC International Symposium Virginia Beach, October 26, 2005
Dr. T.W. Tucker Tactical Technologies Inc. 356 Woodroffe Ave. Ottawa, Ontario, K2A 3V6 Tel: (613) 828-0775, e-mail: twt@tti.on.ca URL: www.tti.on.ca
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Outline
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Engagement Characterization MANPADS Characteristics DIRCM Modulation For Success DIRCM vs MANPADS Simulations Flares vs MANPADS Simulations

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Engagement Characterization
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Threat Weapon: Guidance and Dynamics Target Platform: Signature and Maneuver Countermeasures: Techniques and Tactics Propagation: Attenuation vs Wavelength Background Clutter Engagement Geometry Simulation Involves About 250 Parameters
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Engagement Scenarios
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Wide Body Aircraft

Four Engines In Take-off, Climbing at 100 Speed 100 m/sec, AC Altitude at Missile Launch: 400 m

Missile Launch
Launch Range 1.4 Km Terminal Velocity 600 m/s

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MANPADS Characteristics
Threat SA-7 Grail Wave Band (microns) 1.9-2.8 (uncooled) Tracking Technique Spin Scan (Amplitude) Reference Fiszer et al, JED, Jan 04 Zaloga, Janes Pub, 1988

SA-14 Gremlin
SA-16 Gimlet SA-18 Grouse

1.9-4.1 (cooled)
2-3 & 3-5 (two colour discrimination) 2-3 & 3-5 (ECCM - colour discrimination)

Con Scan (Frequency)

Con Scan? (Frequency) Rosette?

Fiszer et al, JED, Jan 04 http://encyclopedia.thefreedi ctionary.com/SA-14

OPFOR Battle Book, Mar 98, Ch 3 Grossman et al, Rand Study, #1713

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Spin Scan Tracker

Target Detection and Tracking Spinning Reticle

Graphics: Test And Evaluation Of The Tactical Missile By E.J. Eichblatt

Relative Phase Determines Target Angle

Counter-Phase ECM Amplitude Modulation Causes Angle Error Sweeping ECM AM Frequency Can Ensure Counter-Phasing
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Swept AM vs Spin Scan

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Swept AM vs Spin Scan Effectiveness

Average Miss Distance (m)
120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0

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Swept AM vs Spin Scan

Swept AM vs Spin Scan
100.0

Miss Distance Dependence on Missile Launch Range (In The Tail Chase Geometry)

Missile Miss Distance (m)

90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 1200 1250 1300 Missile Launch Range (m) 1350 1400

Miss Distance: Average = 57.9 m

Last Mode: 100% In Search

Miss Distance Depends Somewhat on Launch Range (ie Relative AM and Spin Scan Phase)
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Typical Rosette Scans:

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Multiple Spinning Optics

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Track While Scan Spatial Sampling Quasi-Imaging Digital Tracking Generation Of Deceptive AM vs Digital Track Is Difficult
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Graphic: The Infra-Red Handbook Edited By W.L Wolfe And G.J. Zessis

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Swept AM vs Rosette Engagement

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Rosette AM Deception Analysis

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Sample Rosette Characteristics

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5 2 1 3 4

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Two Counter-Rotating Mirrors Rotation Rates =15 & 27 Hz Petal Frequency = 42 Hz Rosette Frequency = 3 Hz Number of Petals = 14 Sequence As Shown At Left

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Sample AM ECM Characteristics

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AM Center Frequency = 43.5 Hz

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Angle Error vs AM Frequency

1.000 0.500

42.0 Hz

0.000 0 -0.500 -1.000

1.000 0.500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

43.5 Hz

0.000 0 -0.500 -1.000 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

6.9% Sweep

1.000 0.500

45.0 Hz

0.000 0 -0.500 -1.000 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

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Swept AM (6.9%) vs Rosette

Miss Distance Dependence on Missile Launch Range (In The Tail Chase Geometry)
Swept AM vs Rosette
160.0 140.0

Missile Miss Distance (m)

120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0

Outboard Inboard

Miss Distance: Average = 27.5 m

20.0

0.0 1200 -20.0

Last Mode: 50% In Search

1250 1300 Missile Launch Range (m) 1350 1400

Miss Distance Depends Substantially on Launch Range (ie Relative AM and Rosette Phase)
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Swept AM (6.9%) vs Rosette Effectiveness

Average Missile Miss Distance (m)

400.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0

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Swept AM (2.3%) vs Rosette Effectiveness

Average Missile Miss Distance (m)

350.0 300.0 250.0 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0

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Flares vs Rosette Engagement

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Flares vs Rosette Effectiveness

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Flares vs Spin Scan Effectiveness

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Airliner Self Protection

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On-Board (DIRCM)
Modulations Success Depends on Threats Tracking Technique Requires Threat Analysis Capabilities

Off-Board (Flares)
Deployment Sequence Relative to End Game (Timing) Is Important For Success Success Is Engagement Geometry Dependent

Defeat of Advanced Trackers May Be Difficult if DIRCM Power Is Not Sufficient to Cause Damage

Success Is Relatively Independent Of Threats Tracking Technique

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Evaluating Airliner MANPADS Protection

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Questions???

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