Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Lee-Enfield
Lee-Enfield
Short Magazine Lee-Enfield Mk I (1903) Type Placeoforigin Bolt-action rifle United Kingdom
Service history
Inservice Usedby Wars MLE: 18951926 SMLE: 1907present See Users Second Boer War World War I Various Colonial conflicts Irish War of Independence Irish Civil War World War II Indonesian National Revolution Indo-Pakistani Wars Greek Civil War Malayan Emergency French Indochina War Korean War Arab-Israeli War Suez Crisis Mau Mau Uprising Bangladesh Liberation War Nepalese Civil War Afghanistan conflict
Production history
Designer Produced Numberbuilt Variants James Paris Lee, RSAF Enfield MLE: 18951907 SMLE: 1907present 17,000,000+
[1]
See Models/marks
Specifications
Weight Length 4kg (8.8lb) SMLE: 44in (1,118mm)
Lee-Enfield
2
MLE: 30.2in (767mm) SMLE: 25.2in (640mm) .303 Mk VII SAA Ball Bolt-action 744m/s (2,441ft/s) 550yd (503m)
[]
Barrellength
Maximumrange 3,000yd (2,743m)[] Feedsystem Sights 10-round magazine, loaded with 5-round charger clips Sliding ramp rear sights, fixed-post front sights, "dial" long-range volley sights; telescopic sights on sniper models.
The Lee-Enfield bolt-action, magazine-fed, repeating rifle was the main firearm used by the military forces of the British Empire and Commonwealth during the first half of the 20th century. It was the British Army's standard rifle from its official adoption in 1895 until 1957.[2][3] A redesign of the Lee-Metford which had been adopted by the British Army in 1888, the Lee-Enfield superseded the earlier Martini-Henry, Martini-Enfield, and Lee-Metford rifles. It featured a ten-round box magazine which was loaded with the .303 British cartridge manually from the top, either one round at a time or by means of five-round chargers. The Lee-Enfield was the standard issue weapon to rifle companies of the British Army and other Commonwealth nations in both the First and Second World Wars (these Commonwealth nations included Canada, Australia and South Africa, among others).[4] Although officially replaced in the UK with the L1A1 SLR in 1957, it remained in widespread British service until the early/mid-1960s and the 7.62 mm L42 sniper variant remained in service until the 1990s. As a standard-issue infantry rifle, it is still found in service in the armed forces of some Commonwealth nations,[5] notably with the Indian Police and Bangladesh Police, which makes it the longest-serving military bolt-action rifle still in official service.[6] The Canadian Forces' Rangers Arctic reserve unit still use Enfield 4 rifles as of 2012[7], with plans announced to replace the weapons sometime in 2014 or 2015.[] Total production of all Lee-Enfields is estimated at over 17 million rifles.[1] The Lee-Enfield takes its name from the designer of the rifle's bolt systemJames Paris Leeand the factory in which it was designedthe Royal Small Arms Factory in Enfield. In Australia, New Zealand, Southern Africa and Canada the rifle became known simply as the "303".
Lee-Enfield ArmySergeant Instructor Snoxallwho placed 38 rounds into a 12-inch-wide (300mm) target at 300 yards (270m) in one minute.[9] Some straight-pull bolt-action rifles were thought faster, but lacked the simplicity, reliability, and generous magazine capacity of the Lee-Enfield. Several First World War accounts tell of British troops repelling German attackers who subsequently reported that they had encountered machine guns, when in fact it was simply a group of well-trained riflemen armed with SMLE Mk III rifles.[10] The Lee-Enfield was adapted to fire the .303 British service cartridge, a rimmed, high-powered rifle round. Experiments with smokeless powder in the existing Lee-Metford cartridge seemed at first to be a simple upgrade, but the greater heat and pressure generated by the new smokeless powder wore away the shallow, rounded, Metford rifling after approximately 6000 rounds.[2] Replacing this with a new square-shaped rifling system designed at the Royal Small Arms Factory (RSAF) Enfield solved the problem, and the Lee-Enfield was born.[2]
Short Magazine Lee-Enfield Mk III/III* 1907 present Short Magazine Lee-Enfield Mk V Rifle No. 1 Mk VI Rifle No. 4 Mk I Rifle No. 4 Mk I* Rifle No 5 Mk I "Jungle Carbine" Rifle No. 4 Mk 2 Rifle 7.62mm 2A Rifle 7.62mm 2A1 19221924 (trials only; 20,000 produced) 19301933 (trials only; 1,025 produced) 1939 present (officially adopted in 1941) 1942 present 1944 present 1949 present 1964 present 1965 present
Magazine Lee-Enfield
The Lee-Enfield rifle was introduced in November 1895 as the .303 calibre, Rifle, Magazine, Lee-Enfield,[2] or more commonly Magazine Lee-Enfield, or MLE (sometimes spoken as "emily" instead of M, L, E). The next year a shorter version was introduced as the Lee-Enfield Cavalry Carbine Mk I, or LEC, with a 21.2-inch (540mm) barrel as opposed to the 30.2-inch (770mm) one in the "long" version.[2] Both underwent a minor upgrade series in 1899 (the omission of the cleaning / clearing rod), becoming the Mk I*.[11] Many LECs (and LMCs in smaller numbers) were converted to special patterns, namely the New Zealand Carbine and the Royal Irish Constabulary Carbine, or NZ and RIC carbines, respectively.[12] Some of the MLEs (and MLMs) were converted to load from chargers, and designated Charger Loading Lee-Enfields, or CLLEs.[13]
Lee-Enfield
During the First World War, the standard SMLE Mk III was found to be too Magazine Cut-Off on an SMLE Mk III riflethis complicated to manufacture (an SMLE Mk feature was removed on the Mk III* rifle. III rifle cost the British Government 3/15/-),[19] and demand was outstripping supply, so in late 1915 the Mk III* was introduced,[18] which incorporated several changes, the most prominent of which were the deletion of the magazine cut-off,[16] and the long range volley sights.[20] The windage adjustment capability of the rear sight was also dispensed with, and the cocking piece was changed from a round knob to a serrated slab.[20] Rifles with some or all of these features present are found, as the changes were implemented at different times in different factories and as stocks of existing parts were used.[21] The magazine cut-off was reinstated after the First World War ended,[20] and not entirely dispensed with until 1942. The inability of the principal manufacturers (RSAF Enfield, The Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited, and London Small Arms Co. Ltd) to meet military production demands led to the development of the "peddled scheme", which contracted out the production of whole rifles and rifle components to several shell companies.[22] The SMLE Mk III* (redesignated Rifle No.1 Mk III* in 1926) saw extensive service throughout the Second World War as well, especially in the North African, Italian, Pacific and Burmese theatres in the hands of British and
Lee-Enfield Commonwealth forces. Australia and India retained and manufactured the SMLE Mk III* as their standard-issue rifle during the conflict,[23] and the rifle remained in Australian military service through the Korean War, until it was replaced by the L1A1 SLR in the late 1950s. The Lithgow Small Arms Factory finally ceased production of the SMLE Mk III* in 1953.[18]
Inter-war period
In 1926 the British Army changed their nomenclature;[25] the SMLE became known as the Rifle No. 1 Mk III or III*,[25] with the original MLE and LEC becoming obsolete along with the earlier SMLE models. Many Mk III and III* rifles were converted to (.22 rimfire) calibre training rifles, and designated Rifle No. 2, of varying marks. (The Pattern 1914 became the Rifle No. 3.)[25]
The SMLE design was fairly expensive to manufacture because of the many forging and machining operations required. In the 1920s several experiments were carried out to help with these problems, reducing the number of complex parts. The SMLE Mk V (later Rifle No. 1 Mk V), used a new receiver-mounted aperture sighting system, which moved the rear sight from its former position on the barrel.[26] The increased gap resulted in an improved sighting radius, improving sighting accuracy, and the aperture improved speed of sighting (making it also known as a "battle sight"). The magazine cutoff was also reintroduced, and an additional band was added near the muzzle for additional strength during bayonet use.[26] Unfortunately, this design was found to be even more complicated and expensive to manufacture than the Mk III,[26] and so was not developed or issued beyond a trial production of about 20,000 rifles[26] between 1922 and 1924 at RSAF Enfield. The No. 1 Mk VI also introduced a heavier "floating barrel" that was independent of the forearm, allowing the barrel to expand and contract without contacting the forearm, and interfering with the 'zero', the correlation between the alignment of the barrel and the sights. The floating barrel would also increase the accuracy of the rifle by allowing it to vibrate freely and consistently, whereas wooden forends in contact with barrels adversely affect the harmonic vibrations of a barrel. The receiver-mounted rear sights and magazine cutoff were also present,[27] and 1025 units were produced between 1930 and 1933.[28]
Rifle No. 4
By the late 1930s the need for new rifles grew, and the Rifle, No. 4 Mk I was first issued in 1939 but not officially adopted until 1941.[29] The No. 4 action was similar to the Mk VI,[30] but lighter, stronger, and most importantly, easier to mass-produce.[30] Unlike the SMLE, the No 4 Lee-Enfield barrel protruded from the end of the forestock. The No. 4 rifle was considerably heavier than the No. 1 Mk. III, largely due to its heavier barrel,[30] and a
Lee-Enfield No. 4 Mk I
Lee-Enfield new bayonet was designed to go with the rifle: a spike bayonet,[30] which was essentially a steel rod with a sharp point, and was nicknamed "pigsticker" by soldiers. Towards the end of the Second World War, a bladed bayonet was developed, originally intended for use with the Sten gunbut sharing the same mount as the No. 4's spike bayonetand subsequently the No. 7 and No. 9 blade bayonets were issued for use with the No. 4 rifle as well.[31] During the course of the Second World War, the No. 4 rifle was further simplified for mass-production with the creation of the No. 4 Mk I* in 1942,[32] with the bolt release catch replaced by a simpler notch on the bolt track of the rifle's receiver.[32] It was produced only in North America,[32] by Long Branch Arsenal in Canada and Savage-Stevens Firearms in the USA.[32] The No.4 Mk I rifle was primarily produced in the United Kingdom.[33]
In the years after the Second World War the British produced the No. 4 Mk 2 (Arabic numerals replaced Roman numerals for official designations in 1944) rifle, a refined and improved No. 4 rifle with the trigger hung from the receiver and not from the trigger guard,[34] beech wood stocks (with the original reinforcing strap and centre piece of wood in the rear of the forestock on the No.4 Mk I/Mk I* being removed in favour of a tie screw and nut) and brass buttplates (during World War II, the British replaced the brass buttplates on the No.4 rifles with zinc alloy (Zamak) ones to reduce costs and to speed up rifle production). With the introduction of the No. 4 Mk 2 rifle, the British refurbished many of their existing stocks of No. 4 rifles and brought them up to the same standard as the No. 4 Mk 2.[35] No. 4 Mk 1 rifles so upgraded were re-designated No. 4 Mk I/2, whilst No. 4 Mk I* rifles that were brought up to Mk 2 standard were re-designated No. 4 Mk I/3.[32] The C No.7 Rifle is a .22 single shot manually fed training version of the No.4 Mk I* rifle manufactured at Long Branch.[36]
Lee-Enfield In Britain, a .22RF version of the No.5 Rifle was prototyped by BSA and trialled with a view to it becoming the British Service training rifle when the .303"CF No.5 was initially mooted as being a potential replacement for the No.4 Rifle.[42] The term "Jungle Carbine" was popularised in the 1950s by the Santa Fe Arms Corporation, a U.S. importer of surplus rifles, in the hope of increasing sales of a rifle that had little U.S. market penetration. It was never an official military designation, but British and Commonwealth troops serving in the Burmese and Pacific theatres during World War II had been known to unofficially refer to the No. 5 Mk I as a "Jungle Carbine".[37] Both the No. 4 and No. 5 rifles served in Korea (as did the No.1 Mk III* SMLEmostly with Australian troops).[6]
Lee-Enfield conversions
Sniper rifles
During both World Wars and the Korean War, a number of Lee-Enfield rifles were modified for use as sniper rifles. The Australian Army modified 1,612[43] Lithgow SMLE No. 1 Mk. III* rifles by adding a heavy target barrel, cheek-piece, and a World War I era Pattern 1918 telescope, creating the SMLE No. 1 Mk. III* (HT). (HT standing for "Heavy Barrel, Telescopic Sight),[6] which saw service in the Second World War, Korea, and Malaya and was used for Sniper Training through to the late 1970s.[44] There is evidence that some SMLE No. 1 Mk. III* (HT) sniper rifles were used by Australian forces during the later stages of the Vietnam War.[citation needed] During the Second World War, standard No. 4 rifles, selected for their accuracy during factory tests, were modified by the addition of a wooden cheek-piece, and telescopic sight mounts designed to accept a No. 32 3.5x telescopic sight.[45] This particular sight progressed through three marks with the Mk. 1 introduced in 1942, the Mk. 2 in 1943 and finally the Mk. 3 in 1944. Many Mk. 3s and Mk. 2/1s (Mk. 2s Modified to Mk. 3 standard) were later modified for use with the 7.62mm NATO L42A1 Sniper Rifle. They were known by the designation Telescope Straight, Sighting L1A1. Holland and Holland, the famous British sporting gun manufacturers, converted the majority of No. 4 Mk. I (T) sniper rifles, with the rest converted by BSA and, in Canada, Long Branch arsenal.[46] These rifles were extensively employed in various conflicts until the late 1960s, and when the British military switched over to the 7.62x51 NATO round in the 1950s, many of the No. 4 Mk I (T) sniper rifles were converted to the new calibre and designated L42A1.[34] The L42A1 sniper rifle continued as the British Army's standard sniper weapon until the mid-1980s, being replaced by Accuracy International's L96.[47]
A Canadian Soldier with Lee-Enfield No. 4 Mk I in Caen during the Normandy Campaign. He is wearing a Mk III helmet
Lee-Enfield
Lee-Enfield
Lee-Enfield
10
Lee-Enfield Despite this, the British learned from the results of the L8 test program and used them in successfully converting their stocks of No. 4 (T) sniper rifles to 7.62mm NATO which led to the creation of the L42A1 series sniper rifles.[70] In the late 1960s, RSAF Enfield entered the commercial market by producing No.4-based 7.62 x 51mm rifles for commercial sale. The products were marketed under alliterative names e.g. Enfield Envoy, a rifle intended for civilian competition target shooting, and Enfield Enforcer, a rifle fitted with a Pecar telescopic sight to suit the requirements of police firearms teams.
11
Ishapore 2A/2A1
At some point just after the Sino-Indian War of 1962, the Ishapore Rifle Factory in India began producing a new type of rifle known as the Rifle 7.62mm 2A, which was based on the SMLE Mk III*[71] and was slightly redesigned to use the 7.62mm NATO Ishapore 2A1. round. Externally the new rifle is very similar to the classic Mk III*, with the exception of the front sight protectors and magazine, which is more "square" than the SMLE magazine, and usually carries twelve rounds instead of ten,[72] although a number of 2A1s have been noted with 10-round magazines. Ishapore 2A and Ishapore 2A1 receivers are made with improved (EN) steel (to handle the increased pressures of the 7.62mm NATO round)[73] and the extractor is redesigned to suit the rimless cartridge. From 19651975 (when production is believed to have been discontinued), the sight ranging graduations were changed from 2000 to 800, and the rifle re-designated Rifle 7.62mm 2A1.[74] The original 2,000 yards (1,800m) rear sight arm was found to be suitable for the ballistics of the 7.62x51 NATO which is around 10% more powerful which equates to a flatter trajectory than that of the .303 British MkVII ammunition, so it was a simple matter to think of the '2000' as representing metres rather than yards. It was then decided that the limit of the effective range was a more realistic proposition at 800m. The Ishapore 2A and 2A1 rifles are often incorrectly described as ".308 conversions". The 2A/2A1 rifles are not conversions of .303 calibre SMLE Mk III* rifles. Rather, they are newly manufactured firearms and are not technically chambered for commercial .308 Winchester ammunition. However, many 2A/2A1 owners shoot such ammunition in their rifles with no problems, although it should be noted that some factory loaded .308 Winchester cartridges may appear to generate higher pressures than 7.62mm NATO, even though the rounds are otherwise interchangeable, however this is due to the different systems of pressure measurement used for NATO and commercial cartridges. See the Wikipedia article on the Ishapore 2A1 rifle for further details. Commercial ammunition tends to run around 55,000 psi, some lots of military ammunition can run around 60,000 psi. The military brass is heavier than commercial brass.
Lee-Enfield alone, 3.8million SMLE rifles were produced in the UK by RSAF Enfield, BSA, and LSA.[76] From the late 1940s, legislation in New South Wales, Australia, heavily restricted .303 British calibre (and other "military calibre") rifles,[77] so large numbers of SMLEs were converted to "wildcat" calibres such as .303/25, .303/22, .303/270 and the popular 7.7x54 round.[78] 303/25 calibre sporterised SMLEs are very common in Australia today, although getting ammunition for them is very difficult and has been since the 1980s.[77] The restrictions placed on "military calibre" rifles in New South Wales were lifted in 1975, and many people who had converted their Lee-Enfields to the "wildcat" rounds The wristguard markings on a 1918-dated Short converted their rifles back to .303 British.[77] Post-Second World War, Magazine Lee-Enfield Mk III* rifle manufactured SAF Lithgow converted a number of SMLE rifles to commercial by the London Small Arms Co. Ltd sporting rifles- notably the .22 Hornet model- under the "Slazenger" [79] brand. In the early 1950s Essential Agencies Ltd.(E.A.L.)produced a run of several thousand No.4 enfield rifles cambered in .303 British. serial# below 6000 were for civilian sale serial# 6000 and higher were built under contract to the Canadian government. Most of these were destined for service with the Canadian rangers for the next sixty-five plus years. The C.A.F also used these as a survival rifle in the remote parts of Canada. RFI in India and SAF Lithgow in Australia both produced single-shot conversions of the SMLE chambered for a .410 shotgun cartridge. The .410 conversions made by Ishapore were generally used as riot shotguns for crowd control in India, and were originally chambered for the .410 Musket cartridge, basically a .303inch cartridge with no "neck" formed to reduce the calibre of the projectile. As these cartridges were not commercially produced, ammunition is available only through handloading. Many of these conversions have been reamed out to accept modern 2" and 3" .410 shotshells in the United States. As the pressure for even high velocity .410 ammunition are well below standard .303 British pressure ranges these conversions, when done by a competent gunsmith, are quite safe to shoot. The SAF Lithgow/Slazenger .410 shotguns were, however, chambered for commercial .410 shells, as they were primarily intended for civilian sale, with over 7,000 eventually being manufactured.[80] Numerous attempts were made to convert the various single-shot .410 shotgun models to a bolt-action repeating model by removing the wooden magazine plug and replacing it with a standard 10-round SMLE magazine. None of these is known to have been successful,[81] though some owners have adapted 3-round magazines for Savage and Stevens shotguns to function in a converted SMLE shotgun, or even placing such a magazine inside a gutted SMLE magazine.
12
List of manufacturers
The manufacturer's names found on the MLE, CLLE, and SMLE Mk IMk III* rifles and variants are:
Marking Enfield Manufacturer Royal Small Arms Factory Enfield Country United Kingdom United Kingdom
Sparkbrook Royal Small Arms Factory Sparkbrook BSA Co LSA Co Lithgow GRI RFI
The Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited United Kingdom London Small Arms Co. Ltd Lithgow Small Arms Factory Ishapore Rifle Factory Ishapore Rifle Factory United Kingdom Australia British India India (Post-Independence)
Lee-Enfield
Note 1: "SSA" and "NRF" markings are sometimes encountered on First World War-dated SMLE Mk III* rifles. These stand for "Standard Small Arms" and "National Rifle Factory", respectively. Rifles so marked were assembled using parts from various other manufacturers, as part of a scheme during the First World War to boost rifle production in the UK. Only SMLE Mk III* rifles are known to have been assembled under this program. Note 2: GRI stands for "Georgius Rex, Imperator" (Latin for "King George, Emperor (of India)", denoting a rifle made during the British Raj. RFI stands for "Rifle Factory, Ishapore", denoting a rifle made after the Partition of India in 1947.
13
The Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited United Kingdom Birmingham Small Arms Factory (Shirley) Longbranch Arsenal United Kingdom Canada U.S. Pakistan
Note 1 : Second World War UK production rifles had manufacturer codes for security reasons. For example, BSA Shirley is denoted by M47C, ROF(M) is often simply stamped "M", and BSA is simply stamped "B". Note 2: Savage-made Lee-Enfield No. 4 Mk I and No. 4 Mk I* rifles are all stamped "US PROPERTY". They were supplied to the UK under the Lend-Lease programme during the Second World War. No Savage Lee-Enfields were ever issued to the US military; the markings existed solely [82] to maintain the pretence that American equipment was being lent to the UK rather than permanently sold to them.
Australian International Arms No. 4 Mk IV The Brisbane-based Australian International Arms also manufactures a modern reproduction of the No. 4 Mk II rifle, which they market as the AIA No. 4 Mk IV. The rifles are manufactured by parts outsourcing and are assembled and finished in Australia, chambered in 7.62x51mm NATO and feed from modified M14 magazines. The No. 4 Mk IV is designed with the modern shooter AIA M10-B2 Match Rifle in mind, and has the ability to mount a telescopic sight without drilling and tapping the receiver.[83] AIA also offers the AIA M10-A1 rifle, a Jungle Carbine-styled version chambered in 7.62x39mm Russian, which uses AK-47 magazines[84] In late 2009 the supply of these firearms has been limited that some models are now unavailable in Australia (Oct 2009 the 7.62x39mm was unavailable). Magazine supply/importation (M14 & AK 10 single stack mag) whilst legal in Australia, it has been spasmodically curtailed by Australian Federal Customs (for more information, see Gun politics in Australia). It is possible to obtain a 10 round (the maximum allowed by law) M14 magazines for the M10-B2 match rifles in particular, provided an import permit from the appropriate Licensing Services Division can be obtained in some States, yet Australian Federal Customs may still refuse importation on no valid grounds.[85]
Lee-Enfield
14
Armalon
British company Armalon Ltd developed a number of rifles based on the Lee Enfield No 4. The PC Gallery Rifle is a carbine in pistol and revolver calibres, the AL42 a 5.56mm rifle and the AL30C, a carbine in .30 Carbine.
Many Afghan participants in the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan were armed with Lee-Enfields (a common rifle in the Middle East and South Asia).[89] The CIA's Operation Cyclone provided hundreds of thousands of Enfields to the Mujahideen, funneling
Lee-Enfield
15
them through Pakistan's ISI. CIA officer Gust Avrakotos later arranged for the Egyptian Ministry of Defense to set up production lines of Enfield .303 ammunition specifically for the conflict. Later on when Avrakotos asked Michael Vickers to revamp their strategy, he stopped the Enfield system and, with the large amounts of money available thanks to Charlie Wilson, replaced them with a mix of modern weapons like AK-47s and mortars.[90]
Khyber Pass Copies patterned after the Lee-Enfield are still manufactured in the Khyber Pass region today, as bolt-action rifles remain effective weapons in desert and mountain environments where long-range accuracy is more important than rate of fire.[6] Lee-Enfield rifles are still popular in the region, despite the presence and ready availability of more modern weapons such as the SKS-45, the AKM, the Chinese Type 56 assault rifle, and the AK-74.[6][91] As of 2012[7], Lee-Enfield rifles (along with Mosin-Nagants) are still being encountered in the hands of Taliban insurgents by NATO/Allied forces in Afghanistan.
Photos from the recent civil war in Nepal showed that the government troops were being issued SMLE Mk III/III* rifles to fight the Maoist rebels, and that the Maoists were armed with SMLE rifles (amongst other weapons) as well.[] Lee-Enfield rifles have also been seen in the hands of both the Naxalites and the Indian police in the ongoing Maoist insurgency in rural India.
Lee-Enfield service rifle competitions in many British Commonwealth countriesnotably Australia, which boasts a very active Military Service Rifle shooting community.[6] The Lee-Enfield series is very popular for service rifle shooting competitions in Great Britain and Australia due to the prohibitions on the legal ownership semi-automatic centrefire rifles in both countries.[94][95] (For more information see Gun politics in the United Kingdom and Gun politics in Australia.) Rhineland Arms produces .45 ACP conversion kits for the Lee-Enfield action using M1911 pistol magazines.[96]
16
Users
Afghanistan[97][98][99] Australia No.1 MkIII/MkIII* manufactured at Lithgow Arsenal in Lithgow, New South Wales[43][100] Bangladesh still used by Bangladesh Police Belgium post-WW2 British donations and used by Belgian soldiers in the Korean War until 1952. Canada[4][100] No.4 MkI* manufactured at Long Branch Arsenal in Long Branch, Ontario, Canada. Still used by the Canadian Rangers as of 2012[7]. France (Foreign Legion, Free French Forces).[101][102] Also used during WW2 by the French Resistance and some captured from the Resistance were used by the pro German French militia Milice franaise (see picture to the right) Fiji[citation needed] Greece Used by Hellenic armed forces during World War II and post-World War II period.[103] Greece used the Lee-Enfield and British small arms until they were replaced by the M1 Garand and American small arms. Iceland: Once Used by Icelandic Coast Guard and National Police of Iceland.[citation needed] India: Made under licence by Ishapore Rifle Factory
[104] Members of the Milice, armed with captured British No. 4 Lee-Enfield Rifles and Bren Guns
Indonesia: Used by republicans in Indonesian National Revolution some are taken from the Dutch. Italy post-World War II Italian Army and Navy [105] Ireland both No1 MkIII/III* and No4 were used by Irish Defence Forces.[4] Israel used during the first few years of independence. Jamaica: still used by the Jamaica Constabulary Force, Correctional Services and Jamaica Combined Cadet Force Jordan Kenya Luxembourg, including the Luxembourg detachment in the Korean War Malaysia[106] Netherlands post-WW II use Nepal[104] Norway: (Parachuted to the resistance movement as military aid. Used by the post-war Norwegian Army until replaced by the US M1 Rifle in early 1950s.)
Iraq[4]
Lee-Enfield New Zealand[4] Ottoman Empire: Captured rifles, used as reserve weapons.[] Pakistan[104] Philippines Poland: Used by the Polish exiled army Portugal used by the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps, during the First World War[107] Singapore : Reserve units until the late 1960s. Still used by Singapore Armed Forces Military Police Command for ceremonial purposes. South Africa[4] Thailand (The contract was concluded on 10 December 1920 when the king received shipment of 10,000 rifles.) [108] Trinidad & Tobago: Trinidad & Tobago Cadet Force Turkey: Converted Ottoman-captured rifles to 7.9257mm Mauser.[] Uganda United Kingdom & Colonies[106][109] United States: Used by units of the American Expeditionary Force attached to British and Australian units during the First World War.[110][111] No.4 MkI* rifles manufactured by Savage-Stevens Firearms under Lend-Lease for the British and Commonwealth forces during WWII. Some US Army units attached to British Commonwealth units in Burma during WWII were issued Lee-Enfield rifles on logistics grounds.
17
Notes
[1] Skennerton (1993), pp.153, 230 [2] Skennerton (2007), p.90 [3] Hogg (1978), p.215 [4] Skennerton (2007), p.587 [5] Skennerton (2007), p.264 [6] Wilson (2007) [7] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Lee-Enfield& action=edit [8] Skennerton (2007), p.60 [10] Skennerton (2007), p.159 [11] Skennerton (2007), p.91 [12] Skennerton (2007), pp.453454 [13] Skennerton (1997), p.8 [14] Skennerton (1994, 1), p.5 [15] LOC 11715 [16] Skennerton (2007), p.132 [17] Skennerton (2007), p.126 [18] Skennerton (1994, 1), p.9 [19] Skennerton (2001), p.7 [20] Skennerton (2007), p.161 [21] Skennerton (1994, 1), p.7 [22] Skennerton (2007), pp.171172 [23] Skennerton (2007), p.338 [24] War Office (1929), pp.78 [25] Skennerton (1994, 1), p.8 [26] Skennerton (2007), p.187 [27] Skennerton (2007), p.189 [28] Skennerton (2007), p.194 [29] Skennerton (1994, 2), p.5 [30] Smith (1979), p.21 [31] Skennerton (2007), p.406 [32] Skennerton (1994, 2), p.9 [33] Skennerton (2007), p.230
Lee-Enfield
[34] Skennerton (1994, 2), p.7 [35] Skennerton (1994, 2), p.6 [37] Wilson (2006) [38] Skennerton (1994, 4), p.8 [39] Skennerton (1994, 4), p.7 [40] Skennerton (2007), p.349 [41] Skennerton (2007), p.347 [43] Skennerton (2007), p.345 [44] Skennerton (2004, 19), p.36 [45] Skennerton (2007), p.227 [46] Skennerton (2007), p.228 [50] Skennerton (2007), pp.481483 [52] (http:/ / www. rifleman. org. uk/ Enfield_Rifle_No. 2. html) [53] Skennerton (2007), pp.484489 [55] Skennerton (2007), pp.484,488 [56] Skennerton (2007), p.489 [58] Skennerton (2007), pp.504509 [59] Skennerton (2001), p.33 [60] Skennerton (2007), p.203 [61] Special Service Lee Enfields: Commando and Auto Models by Ian Skennerton. Published by Ian D Skennerton, PO Box 80, Labrador 4215, Australia, 2001. ISBN 0-949749-37-0. Paperback, 48 pp, 50 plus b & w drawings and photos, 210 274 mm [62] Skennerton (2001), p.37 [63] Skennerton (2007), pp.3738 [64] Skennerton (2007), p.505 [65] Skennerton (2007), p.205 [67] Skennerton (2007), p.255 [68] Skennerton (2007), pp.256259 [69] Skennerton (2007), pp.255260 [70] Skennerton (2007), pp.260264 [71] Skennerton (2007), p.515 [72] Skennerton (2007), p.370 [73] Skennerton (2004, 18), p.5 [74] Skennerton (2004, 18), p.14 [76] Skennerton (2007), p.171 [77] Enright (1998) [78] Skennerton (2007), p.351 [79] Skennerton (2007), p.549 [80] Skennerton (2007), p.379 [81] Griffiths (1998) [82] Skennerton (2007), Chapter 15 [84] Skennerton (2007), p.553 [85] Firearms Act, SCHEDULE 2, Part (8)(b) (http:/ / www. austlii. edu. au/ au/ legis/ vic/ consol_act/ fa1996102/ sch2. html), accessed 11 January 2010 [86] Skennerton (2007), p.368 [87] Skennerton (1993), p.334 [89] Modern Warfare, Published by Mark Dartford, Marshall Cavendish (London) 1985 [90] Charlie Wilson's War, George Crile, 2003, Grove/Atlantic. [93] War Office (1929), p.364 [100] Hogg, Ian (2002). Jane's Guns Recognition Guide. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-00-712760-X. [103] Sazanidis [104] Skennerton (2007), Chapter 11 [106] Skennerton (2007) [109] Miller, David (2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th century Guns. Salamander Books Ltd. ISBN 1-84065-245-4.
18
Lee-Enfield
19
References
UK-NRA Historic Arms Resource Centre Enfield and Lee-Enfield Training Rifles Reference Pages (http:// www.rifleman.org.uk/Enfield_small-bore_training_rifles.html) 11715, List of Changes in British War Material ("LoC"), H.M. Stationer's Office (HMSO), periodical Enright, John (February 1998). Centrefires in Australia1948 and On. Australian Shooter's Journal. Griffiths, Clarrie (February 1998). 1948? Yes, I Remember... Australian Shooter's Journal. Hogg, Ian V. (1978). The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of the World's Firearms. A&W Publishers. ISBN978-0-89479-031-7. Sazanidis, Christos (1995). (Arms of the Greeks). Thessaloniki (Greece): Maiandros. Skennerton, Ian (2007). The Lee-Enfield. Gold Coast QLD (Australia): Arms & Militaria Press. ISBN0-949749-82-6. Skennerton, Ian (2004, 19). Small Arms Identification Series No. 19: Australian S.M.L.E. Variations. Gold Coast QLD (Australia): Arms & Militaria Press. ISBN0-949749-49-4. Skennerton, Ian (2004, 18). Small Arms Identification Series No. 18: 7.62mm L42A1 Sniper, L39A1, 2A & Lee-Enfield Conversions. Labrador, QLD: Arms & Militaria Press. ISBN[[Special:BookSources/0949749486009497494860[[Category:Articles with invalid ISBNs]] Check |isbn= value (help)., Skennerton, Ian (2001). Small Arms Identification Series No. 12: Special Service Lee-Enfields (Commando & Auto Models). Gold Coast QLD (Australia): Arms & Militaria Press. ISBN0-949749-29-X. Skennerton, Ian (2001). Small Arms Identification Series No. 14: .303 Lewis Machine Gun. Gold Coast QLD (Australia): Arms & Militaria Press. ISBN0-949749-42-7. Skennerton, Ian (1997). Small Arms Identification Series No. 7: .303 Magazine Lee-Metford and Magazine Lee-Enfield. Gold Coast QLD (Australia): Arms & Militaria Press. ISBN0-949749-25-7. Skennerton, Ian (1994, 4). Small Arms Identification Series No. 4: .303 Rifle, No. 5 Mk I. Gold Coast QLD (Australia): Arms & Militaria Press. ISBN0-949749-21-4. Skennerton, Ian (1994, 2). Small Arms Identification Series No. 2: .303 Rifle, No. 4, Marks I & I*, Marks 1/2, 1/3 & 2. Gold Coast QLD (Australia): Arms & Militaria Press. ISBN0-949749-20-6. Skennerton, Ian (1994, 1). Small Arms Identification Series No. 1: .303 Rifle, No. 1, S.M.L.E. Marks III and III*. Gold Coast QLD (Australia): Arms & Militaria Press. ISBN0-949749-19-2. Skennerton, Ian (1993). The Lee-Enfield Story. Gold Coast QLD (Australia): Arms & Militaria Press. ISBN1-85367-138-X. Smith, W.H.B. (1979). 1943 Basic Manual of Military Small Arms (Facsimile Edition). Harrisburg PA (USA): Stackpole Books. ISBN0-8117-1699-6. War Office (1929 (1999 reprint)). Textbook of Small Arms 1929. London (UK), Dural (NSW): H.M.S.O/Rick Landers. Wilson, Royce (September 2007). SMLE: The Short Magazine Lee-Enfield Mk III. Australian Shooter Magazine. Wilson, Royce (May 2006). Jungle Fever: The Lee-Enfield .303 Rifle. Australian Shooter Magazine. Wilson, Royce (August 2007). Straight Up With a Twist: The Martini-Enfield .303 Rifle. Australian Shooter Magazine.
Lee-Enfield
20
External links
The Lee-Enfield (http://www.enfieldrifles.ca/) Enfield Rifle Research (http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~stratton/en-page.html) Lee-Enfield Rifle Association (http://www.leeenfieldrifleassociation.org.uk/) Lee-Enfield Training Rifles (http://www.rifleman.org.uk/Enfield_small-bore_training_rifles.html) The Lee-Metford (http://www.militaryrifles.com/Britain/Metford.htm) Demonstration of rapid aimed fire at Bisley (http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=7LmYQhEfuxM&NR=1) Demonstration of rapid fire 10 aimed shots in 9 seconds (http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=8x3lOZ4yX6Y&feature=related) Rieder Automatic Rifle Attachment (http://www.rieder.741.com)
21
22
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/