Code No: RR210106 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
FLUID MECHANICS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) The space between two parallel plates is filled with oil, each side of the plate
being 720mm. The thickness of the oil film is 1.5mm. The upper plate, which
moves at 3m/s requires a force of 120N to maintain the speed. Determine
dynamic and Kinematic viscosity of oil if specific gravity of oil is 0.95.
(b) A vertical cylinder of diameter 180 mm rotates concentrically inside another
cylinder of diameter 181.2 mm. Both the cylinders are 300 mm high. The
space between the cylinders is filled with a liquid whose dynamic viscosity is
unknown. Determine dynamic viscosity if a torque of 20 N-m is required to
rotate the inner cylinder at 120 rpm. [8+8]

2. A triangular plate of base width 1.5 m and height 2 m lies immersed in water with
the apex downwards. The base of the plate is 1 m bellow and parallel to the free
water surface. Calculate the total pressure on the plate and the depth of center of
pressure. [16]

3. (a) Differentiate between uniform flow and steady flow.

(b) For the flow of an incompressible fluid, the velocity component in the x-
direction is u = ax2 + by and the velocity component in z direction is zero.
Find the velocity component in y direction. To evaluate arbitrary function
which might appear in the integration assume that v = 0 at y = 0. [6+10]

4. (a) A 400 m long pipe has a slope of 1 in 100 and tapers from 1.2 m dia at high
end to 0.6 m dia at the low end. The discharge is 100 lit/sec. If the pressure
at high end is 100 kN/m2 , find the pressure at the low end. Neglect friction.
(b) A 20 cm diameter pipe has a 900 bend (to the right) in the horizontal plane.
When a discharge of 150 lit/sec of oil (S = 0.8) is sent in this pipe, the pressure
at the beginning of the bend is found to be 0.5 m of oil. Estimate the resultant
force exerted by the oil on the bend. [8+8]

5. (a) Differentiate between

i. Stream line body and bluff body
ii. Friction drag and pressure drag.
(b) A kite 60cm x 60cm weighing 2.943 N assumes an angle of 10o to the horizontal.
If the pull on the string is 29.43N when the wind is flowing at a speed of 40
km/hr. Find the corresponding coefficient of drag and lift. Density of air is
given as 1.25 kg/m3 . [8+8]

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 1
6. (a) Compute the kinetic energy and momentum correction factors for laminar flow
between fixed parallel plates.
(b) Oil flows through a pipe of 15cm diameter and 650m length with a velocity of
0.5 m/sec. If the kinematic viscosity of oil at the temperature is 18.7 stokes,
find the loss of heat in friction. Assume the specific gravity of oil as 0.9. [8+8]

7. Two reservoirs are connected by three pipes laid in parallel, their diameters are d,
2d and 3d respectively, and they are of the same length. Assuming f to be the same
for all pipes, find the discharge through each of the larger pipes and also the total
discharge in 3 pipes if the smallest pipe is discharging 1 cumec. [16]

8. (a) A pitot static tube placed in the centre of a 200mm pipe line, has one opening
pointing upstream and the other perpendicular to it. If the pressure difference
between the two openings is 40 mm of water when the discharge through the
pipe is 1.365 m3 per minute, find the coefficient of the pitot tube. Take mean
velocity in the pipe to be 0.83 of the central velocity
(b) A pitot tube was used to measure the quantity of water flowing in a pipe of
0.3m diameter. The water was raised to a height of 0.25 m above the centre
line of pipe in a vertical limb of the tube. If the mean velocity is 0.78 times
the velocity at the centre and coefficient of pitot tube is 0.98, find the quantity
of water. Static pressure head at the centre of the pipe is 0.2 m. [8+8]

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
FLUID MECHANICS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A plate having an area of 0.6m2 is sliding down the inclined plane at 300 to the
horizontal with a velocity of 0.36 ms−1 . There is a cushion of fluid 1.8 mm thick
between the plane and the plate. Find the viscosity of the fluid if the weight of the
plate is 280N. [16]

2. (a) Distinguish between

i. Standard and local atmosphere pressures
ii. Absolute pressure and gauge pressure
iii. Gauge pressure and vacuum pressure
(b) Explain, the principle of working of Bourdon pressure gauge with a neat sketch.
[9+7]

3. (a) The velocity of a 3-D flow field is given by V = (y2 +z2 )i + (x2 +z2 )j + (x2 +y2 )k
Determine the acceleration components at a point (1,2,3)
(b) Derive the continuity equation for a 3-D fluid flow. [8+8]

4. (a) A tank has a nozzle of exit diameter D1 at a depth H1 below the free surface.
At the side opposite to that of nozzle 1, another nozzle is proposed at a depth
H1 /2. What should be the diameter of the second nozzle D2 , interms of D1
so that the net horizontal force on the tank is zero?
(b) In a pump the suction and delivery pipes are of the same size and are at the
same level. At a given discharge the loss of head between a point A on the
suction side and a point B on the delivery side is 3.0 m. If the pressure at
point B is 120 KPa and the head developed by the pump is 10 m, find the
pressure at point A. [8+8]

5. (a) Differentiate between

i. Stream line body and bluff body
ii. Friction drag and pressure drag.
(b) A kite 60cm x 60cm weighing 2.943 N assumes an angle of 10o to the horizontal.
If the pull on the string is 29.43N when the wind is flowing at a speed of 40
km/hr. Find the corresponding coefficient of drag and lift. Density of air is
given as 1.25 kg/m3 . [8+8]

6. (a) Compute the kinetic energy and momentum correction factors for laminar flow
between fixed parallel plates.

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 2
(b) Oil flows through a pipe of 15cm diameter and 650m length with a velocity of
0.5 m/sec. If the kinematic viscosity of oil at the temperature is 18.7 stokes,
find the loss of heat in friction. Assume the specific gravity of oil as 0.9. [8+8]

7. Derive the equation for head loss in pipes due to friction. Explain the variation of
friction factor with Reynolds number. [16]

8. (a) What will be the ratio of the area of the supply pipe to the area of the nozzle
for maximum transmission of power through nozzle.
(b) A nozzle is fitted at the end of a pipe of length 300 m and of diameter 10 cm .
For the maximum transmission of power through the nozzle, find the diameter
of nozzle. Take f= 0.009. [8+8]

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
FLUID MECHANICS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A painter is painting a wall 3mX4m with a brush 0.1m wide and 0.0125m thick
the thickness of one coat of paint is 7X10−3 m and the viscosity of the paint is 2
Pa-s. Calculate the total work required for painting one side of the wall. Assume
the variation of velocity as liner. [16]

2. Figure 1 shows a U-tube differential manometer connecting two pressure pipes A

and B. Pipe A contains a liquid of specific gravity 1.6 under a pressure of 110 kpa
and pipe B contains oil of specific gravity 0.8 under a pressure of 200kpa. Find the
difference of pressure measured by mercury as manometric liquid. [16]

Figure 1:

3. (a) Is the flow net analysis applicable to rotational flow? If not, Why?
(b) A two-dimensional flow can be described by u = − by2 , v = ax2 Verify that this
2 2
is the flow of an incompressible fluid and that the ellipse xa2 + yb2 = 1 is a
streamline. [8+8]

4. (a) Derive the Euler’s equation of motion for flow of steady incompressible fluid.
State the assumptions.
(b) A 2.5 cm nozzle is connected to a 7.5 cm diameter pipe. If the pressure at the
upstream end of the nozzle is 550 kN/m2 gauge, what will be the force exerted
by the nozzle on the water, if the water is discharged into the atmosphere.

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 3
[8+8]

5. (a) How does the drag coefficient change with

i. surface roughness
ii. turbulence level
(b) Explain under what conditions will roughening of the surface of a body
i. increase
ii. decrease its drag coefficient.
(c) A plate of size 1m x 1.2m moves at 12 m/sec in still air at an angle of 120
with the horizontal. Using a coefficient of drag of 0.17 and coefficient of lift
of 0.72, determine
i. the resultant force exerted by air on the plate
ii. the frictional force and
iii. the power required to keep the plate moving. The specific weight of the
air is 12.15 N/m3 . [4+4+8]

6. (a) Derive an expression for the difference of pressure head for a given length
of the two parallel plates which are fixed and through which viscous fluid is
flowing.
(b) Calculate the pressure gradient along the flow, the average velocity and the
discharge for an oil of viscosity 0.02 NS/m2 flowing between two stationary
plates 1m wide maintained 1cm apart. The velocity midway between the
plates is 2.5 m/sec. [8+8]

7. If two pipes of diameter D and d and equal length L are arranged in parallel the
loss of head for a flow of Q is h. If the same pipes are arranged in series the loss of
head for the same flow Q is H. If d= 0.5D find the percentage of total flow through
each pipe when placed in parallel and the ratio (H/h). Neglect minor losses and
assume‘ f ’ to be constant. [16]

8. (a) What will be the ratio of the area of the supply pipe to the area of the nozzle
for maximum transmission of power through nozzle.
(b) A nozzle is fitted at the end of a pipe of length 300 m and of diameter 10 cm .
For the maximum transmission of power through the nozzle, find the diameter
of nozzle. Take f= 0.009. [8+8]

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
FLUID MECHANICS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) A liquid with a volume of 0.2m3 at 300 kPa is subjected to a pressure of

3000kPa and its volume is found to decrease by 0.2%. Calculate the bulk
modulus of elasticity of the liquid.
(b) If the surface tension of water in contact with air is 0.075 N/m, what correction
need be applied toward capillary rise in the monometer reading in tube of 3mm
diameter. [8+8]

2. A triangular plate of base width 1.5 m and height 2 m lies immersed in water with
the apex downwards. The base of the plate is 1 m bellow and parallel to the free
water surface. Calculate the total pressure on the plate and the depth of center of
pressure. [16]

3. (a) A certain flow pattern has a velocity potential φ= 7(y2 −x2 ) + 8x + 12y . De-
termine the velocity components.
(b) What is a flownet? Explain its use. What are its limitations? [8+8]

4. (a) A turbine is set 40 m below the water level of a reservoir and is fed by 60
cm diameter pipe. If short pipe of 45 cm diameter discharges water from the
turbine to atmosphere, neglecting friction, estimate the power extracted by
the turbine when the discharge is 0.8 m3 /s.
(b) Describe that each term in the Bernoulis equation represents the energy per
unit weight. [8+8]

5. (a) Differentiate between

i. Stream line body and bluff body
ii. Friction drag and pressure drag.
(b) A kite 60cm x 60cm weighing 2.943 N assumes an angle of 10o to the horizontal.
If the pull on the string is 29.43N when the wind is flowing at a speed of 40
km/hr. Find the corresponding coefficient of drag and lift. Density of air is
given as 1.25 kg/m3 . [8+8]

6. (a) Describe Reynold’s experiment with a neat sketch. What are the outcomes of
Reynolds experiment.
(b) A crude oil of viscosity 0.97 poise and relative density 0.9 is flowing through
a horizontal circular pipe of diameter 10cm and of length 10m. Calculate the
difference of pressure at the two ends of the pipe, if 100 kg of the oil is collected
in a tank in 30 seconds. [8+8]

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 4
7. The population of a city is 8X105 and it is to be supplied with water from a reservoir
6.4 km away. Water is to be supplied at the rate of 0.14m3 per head per day and
half the supply is to be delivered in 8 hours. The full supply level of the reservoir is
R.L 180.00. and its lowest water level is R.L.105.00. The delivery end of the main
is at R.L 22.50 and the head required there is 12m. Find the diameter of the pipe.
Take f= 0.04. [16]

8. A venturimeter having inlet diameter 100 mm and throat diameter 25 mm is fitted

in a vertical pipe, throat is 0.3 m below the inlet, for measuring the flow of petrol
of specific gravity 0.78. Pressure gauges are fitted at inlet and throat. Taking loss
of head between inlet and throat as 36 times the velocity head at inlet, find cd of
the meter and the discharge when the inlet gauge reads 274.68 KN/m2 . [16]

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