Code No: RR210201 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Obtain an expression for excess pressure in a free jet.

(b) A body weighing 440 N with a surface area of 0.09m2 slides down lubricated
inclined plane making 300 with horizontal. For dynamic viscosity of 0.1Ns/m2
and body velocity of 3 m/s, determine the lubricant film thickness. [8+8]
2. (a) Briefly explain the classification of flows.
(b) What type of acceleration is to be expected if
i. Streamlines are parallel and equidistant
ii. Streamlines are straight and converging
iii. Streamlines are curved but equispaced
iv. Streamlines are curved and converging. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain the different forms of energy in a fluid.
(b) The cross-sectional area of a convergent pipe is so shaped that the velocity of
flow along the centre line varies linearly from 1 m/s to 10 m/s in a distance of
one metre. The pipe is inclined downward at an angle of 300 with horizontal.
Determine the difference in pressure between the two points, assuming the
specific weight of the liquid as 7.85kN/m3 . [8+8]
4. Fully rough turbulent flow occurs in a 15 cm diameter pipe carrying oil of density
917kg/m3. If at a distance of 2.5 cm from the wall the velocity is 1.5m/s and the
velocity gradient is 7s−1 , determine the
(a) Boundary shear stress,
(b) Equivalent sand grain roughness
(c) Discharge and
(d) Friction factor. [16]
5. Water flows in a 250mm pipe. Two pitot tubes are installed in the pipe, one on
the centerline and the other 50mm from the centerline. If the velocities at the
two points are 3m/s and 2m/s respectively calculate the reading on the differential
mercury manometer connected to the two tubes. [16]
6. A jet of water moving at 20m/s impinges on a symmetrical curved shaped to deflect
the jet through 1200 (that is the vane angles are each equal to 300 ). If the vane is
moving at 5m/s, find the angle of the jet so that there is no shock at inlet. Also
determine the absolute velocity of exit in magnitude and direction, and the work
done. [16]

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 1
7. (a) What is meant by impact of jet? Derive an expression for the force exerted
by a jet on a stationary plate normal to the jet.
(b) A jet of water 40 mm diameter moves with a velocity of 18 m/s and strikes
on a series of vanes moving with a velocity of 8 m/s. Find:
i. the force exerted by the jet,
ii. work done by the jet and
iii. efficiency of the jet. [8+8]

8. A double acting reciprocating pump has a bore of 0.2 m and stroke of 0.4 m. The
suction pipe has a diameter of 0.1 m and is fitted with an air vessel. Fine the rate
of flow into or from the air vessel when the crank makes angles of 300 , 900 , and
1200 with the inner dead center. Determine also the crank angles at which there is
no flowto or from the air vessel. Take the speed as 120 rpm and assume that the
plunger has simple harmonic motion. [16]

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) The surface tension of water in contact with air at 200 C is 0.073 N/m. The
pressure inside a water droplet is 0.15kN/m2 greater than the outside pressure.
Calculate the diameter of the water droplet. Derive the equation used.
(b) Differentiate between absolute and gauge pressures. Calculate the pressure in
N/m2 due to a column of 0.4 m of
i. water
ii. oil of specific gravity 0.9 and
iii. mercury.
Assume specific weight of water as 9810N/m3 . [8+8]

2. (a) Briefly explain the classification of flows.

(b) What type of acceleration is to be expected if
i. Streamlines are parallel and equidistant
ii. Streamlines are straight and converging
iii. Streamlines are curved but equispaced
iv. Streamlines are curved and converging. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the different forms of energy in a fluid.

(b) The cross-sectional area of a convergent pipe is so shaped that the velocity of
flow along the centre line varies linearly from 1 m/s to 10 m/s in a distance of
one metre. The pipe is inclined downward at an angle of 300 with horizontal.
Determine the difference in pressure between the two points, assuming the
specific weight of the liquid as 7.85kN/m3 . [8+8]

4. (a) List the Minor losses of energy in a pipe flow.

(b) A piping system consists of three pipes arranged in series; the lengths of the
pipes are 1200 m, 750 m and 600 m and diameters 750 mm, 600 mm and 450
mm respectively.
i. Transform the system to an equivalent 450mm diameter pipe and
ii. Determine an equivalent diameter for the pipe, 2550m long. [6+10]

5. A Venturitmeter having inlet diameter 100 mm and throat diameter 25 mm is

fitted in a vertical pipe, throat 0.3 m below inlet, for measuring the flow of petrol
of specific gravity 0.78. Pressure gauges are fitted at inlet and throat. Assuming
the loss of head between inlet and throat as 30 times the velocity head at inlet, find

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 2
(a) Cd for the meter
(b) the discharge in liters per minute when the inlet gauge reads 274.68KN/m2
more than the throat gauge. [16]

6. A jet of water having a velocity of 18m/s strikes a curved vane which is moving
with a velocity of 6m/s. The vane is symmetrical and so shaped that the jet is
defected through 1200 . Determine

(a) The angle of the jet at inlet of the vane so that there is no shock;
(b) The absolute velocity of the jet at outlet in magnitude and direction; and
(c) The work done per unit weight of water. [16]

7. An inward flow reaction turbine is supplied with water at the rate of 600 lps with
a velocity of 2 m/s. The velocity of periphery and velocity of whirl at inlet is 24
m/s and 18 m/s respectively. Assuming the discharge to be radial at outlet and
the velocity of flow to be constant, find:

(a) vane angle at inlet and

(b) head of water exerted on the wheel. [16]

8. Find the power required to drive a Centrifugal pump which delivers 0.04 m3 /s of
water to a height of 20m through a 15cm dia pipe and 100m long. The overall
efficiency of the pump is 70% and coefficient of friction is 0.04. [16]

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define specific weight, viscosity, surface tension and vapour pressure and, men-
tion their SI units.
(b) Space between two parallel plates kept 3 mm part is filled with an oil of
viscosity 0.2Ns/m2 . Find the shear stress at the lower plate when the upper
plate is moving with a velocity of 1.5 m/s. [8+8]

2. (a) Briefly explain the classification of flows.

(b) What type of acceleration is to be expected if
i. Streamlines are parallel and equidistant
ii. Streamlines are straight and converging
iii. Streamlines are curved but equispaced
iv. Streamlines are curved and converging. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the different forms of energy in a fluid.

(b) The cross-sectional area of a convergent pipe is so shaped that the velocity of
flow along the centre line varies linearly from 1 m/s to 10 m/s in a distance of
one metre. The pipe is inclined downward at an angle of 300 with horizontal.
Determine the difference in pressure between the two points, assuming the
specific weight of the liquid as 7.85kN/m3 . [8+8]

4. The difference in water surface levels in two tanks which are connected by three
pipes in series of lengths 300 m, 170 m and 210 m and of diameters 300 mm, 200
mm and 400 mm respectively, is 12 m. Determine the rate of flow of water if values
of friction factor are 0.02, 0.0208 and 0.0192 respectively, considering:

(a) Minor losses also

(b) Neglecting minor losses. [16]

5. (a) Explain the three hydraulic coefficients of an orifice. What is the relation
between them?
(b) The head of water over an orifice of diameter 50 mm is 12 m. Find the actual
discharge and actual velocity of jet at Vena -Contracta.
Take Cd = 0.6 and Cv = 0.98. [8+8]

6. A square plate weighing 115N and of uniform thickness and 30 cm edge is hung so
that horizontal jet 2 cm diameter and having a velocity of 15 m/s impinges on the
plate. The center line of the jet is 15 cm below the upper edge of the plate, and

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 3
when the plate is vertical the jet strikes the plate normally and at its center. Find
what force must be applied at the lower edge of the plate in order to keep plate
vertical.If the plate is allowed to swing freely, find the inclination to vertical which
the plate will assume under the action of jet. [16]

7. A model turbine has a runner of diameter 0.61m. It develops 50 KW under a head

of 30m at a speed of 4000 RPM. Compute Specific speed and Unit speed for this
model. It is required to build a similar turbine to develop 155 KW under a head
of 36m. Calculate the required diameter. [16]

8. (a) Derive the equation for the power required to drive the single acting recipro-
cating pump.
(b) A single acting reciprocating pump has a plunger of diameter 0.3m and a
stroke of length 0.4m. If the speed of the pump is 60 RPM and coefficient of
discharge is 0.97, determine the percentage slip and actual discharge of the
pump. [8+8]

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define mass density, weight density, specific volume and specific gravity.
(b) A 30 cm diameter shaft revolves in a guide bearing of 60 cm long at 500 rpm.
If the oil film bearing is 0.13 mm and viscosity of oil is 0.05Ns/m2 , find the
power absorbed. [8+8]

2. (a) Derive the continuity equation for one-dimensional flow.

(b) Distinguish between stream line, path line and streak line. [8+8]

3. An inclined pipe carrying water gradually changes in diameter from 15 cm. at a

point A to 40 cm, at a point B; point B is 4.50m vertically above A. If the pressures
at A and B are respectively 68.67 kN/m2 and 49.05kN/m2 and discharge is 150
litres per second, determine

(a) the direction of flow and

(b) the head loss between the sections. [16]

4. (a) Derive an expression to compute loss of head for sudden expansion

(b) Determine the wall shearing stress in a pipe of diameter 100mm which carries
water. The velocity at the pipe centre and 30mm, from the pipe centre are 2
m/s and 1.5 m/s respectively. The flow in pipe is assumed to be turbulent.

[8+8]

5. (a) Explain the terms Vena-contracta, coefficient of velocity, coefficient of con-

traction and coefficient of discharge, related to an orifice.
(b) Oil flows through a 25 mm diameter orifice under a head of 5.5 m at a rate
of 3 liters/s. The jet strikes a wall l.5m away and 120 mm vertically below
the centerline of the contracted jet. Calculate the coefficients of velocity,
contraction and discharge. [8+8]

6. A jet of water, cross-sectional area 20cm2 ,issues with a velocity of 25m/s and
strikes a stationary plate held at 300 to the axis of jet.Find the force exerted by the
jet on the plate,and work out the components of force in the direction normal to
the jet.Also find how the discharge gets distributed after striking the plate. [16]

7. Show that the expressions for the non-dimensional numbers:

(a) specific speed,

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 4
(b) specific diameter,
(c) flow number and
(d) head number for a Pelton wheel are functions of diameter ratio(d/D) where d
is the jet diameter and D is the Pelton wheel diameter. Assume that there is
no friction in the buckets and the flow reversal in the buckets is through 1800 .
Also determine the above numbers if d/D is 0.2. [16]

8. (a) What is meant by ‘priming’ of a pump? What are the different priming
arrangements employed for small and big pumping units?
(b) A centrifugal pump of the radial type delivers 500 litres per minute against
a total head of 38 m, when running at a speed of 1450 rpm. If the outer
diameter of the impeller is 300 mm and its width at the outer periphery is 13
mm, find the vane angle at exit. Assume the manometric efficiency as 80%.
[8+8]

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